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Takanori Kuronuma
Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa-city, Chiba 277-0882, Japan

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Communication
Published: 17 March 2021 in Agriculture
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Occurrence of tipburn is a severe problem in the production of lisianthus cultivars. Previous studies have shown excessive Ca accumulation in the roots of tipburn-damaged cultivars, where the distribution of Ca to the tips of the top leaves is inhibited. However, few studies have investigated the association between Ca accumulation and gene expression in horticultural crops. To provide a list of candidate target genes that might be causing the excessive Ca accumulation in roots, we focused Ca2+ transporter and pectin methylesterase (PME) genes and RNA-seq of upper leaves and roots in tipburn-occurrence cultivar (“Voyage peach”: VP) and non-occurrence cultivar (“Umi honoka”: UH) was conducted. In both the upper leaves and roots of VP, genes encoding the glutamate receptors (GLRs), cation/Ca2+ exchangers 4 (CCX4), Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-like protein (NCL), and PMEs were upregulated, and a gene encoding the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 9 (CNGC9) was downregulated. In contrast, genes encoding the vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 5 (CAX5), calcium-transporting ATPase 1 and 12 (ACA1 and ACA12) showed differential expression in each organ. Among them, only CAX5 was upregulated and ACA12 was downregulated in the roots of VP. Based on these results, we suggested that CAX5 and ACA12 are the candidate genes causing the excessive Ca accumulation in the roots of tipburn-occurrence lisianthus cultivars. Future studies should investigate the temporal changes in gene expression using quantitative PCR and conduct functional analysis of candidate genes in tipburn-damaged lisianthus cultivars.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Hitoshi Watanabe. Search for Candidate Genes Causing the Excessive Ca Accumulation in Roots of Tipburn-Damaged Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Cultivars. Agriculture 2021, 11, 254 .

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Hitoshi Watanabe. Search for Candidate Genes Causing the Excessive Ca Accumulation in Roots of Tipburn-Damaged Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Cultivars. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (3):254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2021. "Search for Candidate Genes Causing the Excessive Ca Accumulation in Roots of Tipburn-Damaged Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Cultivars." Agriculture 11, no. 3: 254.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Agronomy
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In lisianthus cultivars, the occurrence of tipburn is known to adversely affect quality and yield. However, information concerning the responses of tipburn incidence to different levels of Ca is limited. In addition, only a few studies have investigated the effect of potassium (K) concentration on Ca acquisition and distribution in lisianthus. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated tipburn incidence in three lisianthus cultivars (Umi honoka (UH), Reina white (RW), and Voyage peach (VP)) and the Ca and K concentrations in them under different concentrations of Ca supply (40, 80, and 120 ppm). These cultivars exhibited different responses to different concentrations of Ca supply. Tipburn was not observed in UH. In RW, tipburn incidence and severity significantly decreased with an increase in nutritional Ca concentration, because the Ca concentration in the tips of the top leaves significantly increased with Ca concentration. By contrast, in VP, tipburn incidence under all treatments was 100%, and there was no significant difference in the Ca concentration in the tips of the top leaves among the treatments, but the total Ca concentration significantly increased. VP was the only cultivar that significantly acquired and accumulated more Ca in the roots with an increase in nutritional Ca concentration. Overall, excessive Ca accumulation in the roots under high-Ca conditions inhibits the distribution of Ca to the tips of the top leaves and eventually manifests as tipburn in the cultivar. In addition, our results suggested that the content ratio of K in the nutrient solutions did not prevent Ca acquisition and distribution in lisianthus cultivars and that the K concentration has a negligible effect on the occurrence of tipburn.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Masanori Saotome; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. Excessive Calcium Accumulation in the Roots Is a Key Factor in Tipburn Incidence under High Ca Supply in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Cultivars. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1123 .

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Masanori Saotome, Masaya Ando, Hitoshi Watanabe. Excessive Calcium Accumulation in the Roots Is a Key Factor in Tipburn Incidence under High Ca Supply in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Cultivars. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Masanori Saotome; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2020. "Excessive Calcium Accumulation in the Roots Is a Key Factor in Tipburn Incidence under High Ca Supply in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) Cultivars." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1123.

Opinion
Published: 21 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Population growth and increased stress caused by urbanization have led to social problems that are predicted to intensify in the future. In these conditions, the recently established ”nature therapy” has revealed that an environment rich in various plant life significantly contributes to the relief of physical and mental stress. Meanwhile, from the perspective of reduction in the energy required for transportation and the retention of plant freshness, urban horticulture, in which plant life exists harmoniously with the city, has attracted considerable attention. Interactions between humans and plants in urban horticulture are considered to contribute to the good health and wellbeing of people. Therefore, we incorporate human-centered thinking based on nature therapy into horticultural produce-centered thinking based on conventional urban horticulture. By introducing a pioneering urban horticulture plant factory as an example, we propose the possibility of sustainable urban horticulture based on nature therapy.

ACS Style

Na Lu; Chorong Song; Takanori Kuronuma; Harumi Ikei; Yoshifumi Miyazaki; Michiko Takagaki. The Possibility of Sustainable Urban Horticulture Based on Nature Therapy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5058 .

AMA Style

Na Lu, Chorong Song, Takanori Kuronuma, Harumi Ikei, Yoshifumi Miyazaki, Michiko Takagaki. The Possibility of Sustainable Urban Horticulture Based on Nature Therapy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Na Lu; Chorong Song; Takanori Kuronuma; Harumi Ikei; Yoshifumi Miyazaki; Michiko Takagaki. 2020. "The Possibility of Sustainable Urban Horticulture Based on Nature Therapy." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5058.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2020 in Agronomy
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Tipburn (calcium (Ca) deficiency disorder) is a major problem in the production of lisianthus cultivars. However, few studies have investigated the influence of different Ca concentrations in nutrient solution on tipburn incidence and Ca acquisition and distribution. Thus, it remains unclear why some cultivars exhibit tipburn under high Ca concentrations. To address this, we used three lisianthus cultivars ‘Azuma-no-Kaori’ (AK), ‘Celeb Wine’ (CW), and ‘Voyage Yellow’ (VY) and compared tipburn incidence and Ca acquisition and distribution under different Ca concentrations in a nutrient solution (low (40 ppm), moderate (80 ppm), and high (120 ppm) Ca). Tipburn severity and incidence in AK and VY significantly decreased with increasing nutritional Ca concentrations; the Ca concentrations in each organ and Ca acquisition competence (RGRCa) increased at higher nutritional Ca concentrations. In contrast, tipburn incidence in CW was 100% for all treatments. In CW, Ca acquisition competence and Ca concentrations in most organs increased with increasing nutritional Ca concentrations, but the Ca concentrations in the tips of the upper leaves did not differ significantly between treatments. Thus, our results suggest that the cause of tipburn under sufficient Ca conditions is an inability of the plant to distribute Ca to the tips of its upper leaves.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. Tipburn Incidence and Ca Acquisition and Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Ca Concentrations in Nutrient Solution. Agronomy 2020, 10, 216 .

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Masaya Ando, Hitoshi Watanabe. Tipburn Incidence and Ca Acquisition and Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Ca Concentrations in Nutrient Solution. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2020. "Tipburn Incidence and Ca Acquisition and Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Ca Concentrations in Nutrient Solution." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 216.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Tipburn (leaf-tip necrosis) is severe problem for the production of lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] cultivars. A previous study has suggested that tipburn of 14 lisianthus cultivars are caused by the inability to translocate sufficient quantities of calcium (Ca) to the tips of the upper leaves. However, systematic studies are not available that identify the differences in Ca concentrations and distributivity before and after the onset of tipburn. To address this insufficiency in our knowledge, we used the lisianthus cultivars ‘Umihonoka’ (UH), ‘Voyage green’ (VG), and ‘Voyage pink’ (VP) and determined Ca concentrations and the dry weight of each organ at weekly intervals for 8 weeks. In addition, we evaluated the Ca distributivity from the ratios of the relative Ca increase rate (RGRCa) to the relative plant growth rate (RGR) by applying growth analysis methods. UH did not exhibit tipburn. In contrast, VG and VP exhibited tipburn after 4 and 5 weeks, respectively. At the same time, the concentrations and distributions of Ca in the roots increased and those of whole and new leaves decreased in each cultivar. Thus, it is suggested that the distribution of Ca in new leaves of the tipburn-sensitive cultivars VG and VP was below the threshold, which caused tipburn. Moreover, it was demonstrated that decreases in the distribution of Ca in whole and new leaves were mainly caused by not increase of the relative leaf growth rate (RGRleaf) but decrease of the relative leaf Ca increase rate (RGRleaf-Ca). We conclude that this approach more rigorously evaluates the influence of plant growth rate on the incidence of tipburn. Thefore, tipburn exhibited by lisianthus cultivars was caused by decreased distributions of Ca in new leaves, which was associated with an increase in the distribution of Ca in roots.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Nozomi Kinoshita; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. Difference of Ca distribution before and after the onset of tipburn in lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 261, 108911 .

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Nozomi Kinoshita, Masaya Ando, Hitoshi Watanabe. Difference of Ca distribution before and after the onset of tipburn in lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 261 ():108911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Nozomi Kinoshita; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2019. "Difference of Ca distribution before and after the onset of tipburn in lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] cultivars." Scientia Horticulturae 261, no. : 108911.

Short note
Published: 05 October 2018 in Agronomy
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Tipburn is a major problem for the production of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) cultivars. Relative air humidity is regarded as a key environmental factor affecting tipburn severity in commercial crops. However, there are limited studies comparing the occurrence of tipburn and calcium (Ca) distribution in lisianthus cultivars under different relative air humidity conditions. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of relative air humidity on tipburn severity, transpiration rate, and Ca content in seven lisianthus cultivars. Under a high humidity treatment (70%), only two cultivars (“Voyage pink” (VP) and “Azuma-no-kaori” (AK)) showed significantly higher tipburn severity than those under a low humidity treatment (50%), which suggests that high humidity conditions do not always increase tipburn severity in lisianthus. Transpiration rates of all cultivars, except for AK, were either significantly lower under the high humidity treatment than under the low humidity treatment, or did not vary significantly between the treatments. In contrast, total Ca concentrations in all cultivars, except for “Piccolosa snow” (PS), were significantly higher under the high humidity treatment than under the low humidity treatment. These results suggest that Ca acquisition and distribution in lisianthus cultivars are strongly influenced by Ca uptake from root pressure.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Yua Watanabe; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. Tipburn Severity and Calcium Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma Grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Relative Air Humidity Conditions. Agronomy 2018, 8, 218 .

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Yua Watanabe, Masaya Ando, Hitoshi Watanabe. Tipburn Severity and Calcium Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma Grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Relative Air Humidity Conditions. Agronomy. 2018; 8 (10):218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Yua Watanabe; Masaya Ando; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2018. "Tipburn Severity and Calcium Distribution in Lisianthus (Eustoma Grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) Cultivars under Different Relative Air Humidity Conditions." Agronomy 8, no. 10: 218.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2018 in Sustainability
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Green roofs are considered effective in the reduction of atmospheric CO2 because of their ability to reduce energy consumption of buildings and sequester carbon in plants and substrates. However, green roof system components (substrate, water proofing membrane, etc.) may cause CO2 emissions during their life cycle. Therefore, to assess the CO2-payoff for extensive green roofs, we calculated CO2 payback time it takes their CO2 sequestration and reduction to offset the CO2 emitted during its production process and maintenance practices. The amount of CO2 emitted during the production of a modular green roof system was found to be 25.2 kg-CO2·m−2. The annual CO2 emission from the maintenance of green roofs was 0.33 kg-CO2·m−2·yr−1. Annual CO2 sequestration by three grass species with irrigation treatment was about 2.5 kg-CO2·m−2·yr−1, which was higher than that of Sedum aizoon. In the hypothetical green roofs, annual CO2 reduction due to saved energy was between 1.703 and 1.889 kg-CO2·m−2·yr−1. From these results, we concluded that the CO2 payback time of the extensive green roofs was between 5.8 and 15.9 years, which indicates that extensive green roofs contribute to CO2 reduction within their lifespan.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Hitoshi Watanabe; Tatsuaki Ishihara; Daitoku Kou; Kazunari Toushima; Masaya Ando; Satoshi Shindo. CO2 Payoff of Extensive Green Roofs with Different Vegetation Species. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2256 .

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Hitoshi Watanabe, Tatsuaki Ishihara, Daitoku Kou, Kazunari Toushima, Masaya Ando, Satoshi Shindo. CO2 Payoff of Extensive Green Roofs with Different Vegetation Species. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Hitoshi Watanabe; Tatsuaki Ishihara; Daitoku Kou; Kazunari Toushima; Masaya Ando; Satoshi Shindo. 2018. "CO2 Payoff of Extensive Green Roofs with Different Vegetation Species." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2256.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in American Journal of Plant Sciences
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Different vegetation types used for the extensive green roofs have characteristic physiological and morphological traits (e.g., C3, C4, or CAM photosynthesis, deciduous or evergreen). Several Sedum species are recognized as “inducible CAM” type plants. These differences in the physiological and morphological traits have a considerable effect on the carbon sequestration in the green roofs. The objective of the present study was to quantify the carbon sequestration in several green roof plants during the first year after the construction of the green roofs and to clarify the relevance of the physiological and morphological traits to each plant’s ability to sequester carbon in its body using the growth analysis method. We used Zoysia matrella , Ophiopogon japonicus , and Sedum mexicanum species for the study wherein, S. mexicanum was assigned to the wet, dry, and non-irrigation treatments, and Z. matrella and O. japonicus only received the wet treatment. During the first year after the construction, carbon sequestration in the plants and the substrate of S. mexicanum was in the range of 276 to 364 g-C/m2/year, which was similar to that of O. japonicus and the finding of a previous study. In contrast, Z. matrella exhibited the highest carbon sequestration (670 g-C/m2/year), which is also expressed as the relative plant C-sequestration rate per whole-plant C-content (RGRc), because Z. matrella is a C4 plant and exhibits the highest net assimilation rate (NARc) of all species. Significant differences were not observed in RGRc , NARc , and RMF (root mass fraction) in S. mexicanum between the wet and dry treatments. These results suggest that in countries with high rainfall, a high frequency of irrigation has an insignificant effect on the physiological and morphological characteristics, and carbon sequestration in the Sedum green roofs.

ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Hitoshi Watanabe. Relevance of Carbon Sequestration to the Physiological and Morphological Traits of Several Green Roof Plants during the First Year after Construction. American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017, 08, 14 -27.

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Hitoshi Watanabe. Relevance of Carbon Sequestration to the Physiological and Morphological Traits of Several Green Roof Plants during the First Year after Construction. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2017; 08 (01):14-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2017. "Relevance of Carbon Sequestration to the Physiological and Morphological Traits of Several Green Roof Plants during the First Year after Construction." American Journal of Plant Sciences 08, no. 01: 14-27.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology
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ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Shizuka Hagiwara; Syuichi Obayashi; Hitoshi Watanabe. A study of roof top garden system practiced hydroculture. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 2013, 39, 155 -157.

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Shizuka Hagiwara, Syuichi Obayashi, Hitoshi Watanabe. A study of roof top garden system practiced hydroculture. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology. 2013; 39 (1):155-157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Shizuka Hagiwara; Syuichi Obayashi; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2013. "A study of roof top garden system practiced hydroculture." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 39, no. 1: 155-157.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology
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ACS Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Saori Hashimoto; Ryuta Chimura; Haruaki Yokokawa; Kazunori Sakamoto; Hitoshi Watanabe. Annual change and temporal change of fertilizer component in rooftop garden thin substratum light soil. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 2012, 38, 51 -55.

AMA Style

Takanori Kuronuma, Saori Hashimoto, Ryuta Chimura, Haruaki Yokokawa, Kazunori Sakamoto, Hitoshi Watanabe. Annual change and temporal change of fertilizer component in rooftop garden thin substratum light soil. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology. 2012; 38 (1):51-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Takanori Kuronuma; Saori Hashimoto; Ryuta Chimura; Haruaki Yokokawa; Kazunori Sakamoto; Hitoshi Watanabe. 2012. "Annual change and temporal change of fertilizer component in rooftop garden thin substratum light soil." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 1: 51-55.