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This study explores the impact of environmental policies and human development on the CO2 emissions for the period of 1995–2015 in the Group of Seven and BRICS economies in the long run through panel cointegration and causality tests. The causality analysis revealed a bilateral causality between environmental stringency policies and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and a unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to the environmental stringency policies for Canada, China, and France. On the other hand, the analysis showed a bilateral causality between human development and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to human development in Brazil, Canada, China, and France. Furthermore, the cointegration analysis indicated that both environmental stringency policies and human development had a decreasing impact on the CO2 emissions.
Funda Sezgin; Yilmaz Bayar; Laura Herta; Marius Gavriletea. Do Environmental Stringency Policies and Human Development Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from G7 and BRICS Economies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6727 .
AMA StyleFunda Sezgin, Yilmaz Bayar, Laura Herta, Marius Gavriletea. Do Environmental Stringency Policies and Human Development Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from G7 and BRICS Economies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):6727.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFunda Sezgin; Yilmaz Bayar; Laura Herta; Marius Gavriletea. 2021. "Do Environmental Stringency Policies and Human Development Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from G7 and BRICS Economies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6727.
The main objective of the research is to analyze the impact of financial sector development indicators and financial institutions access on primary energy use based on a sample of European Union transition members over 20 years period (1996–2017) through panel cointegration and causality tests that allow for cross-section dependence. The causality analysis revealed that the direction of the causality among financial development indicators, financial institutions access, and primary energy use varied among the countries. On the other side, panel cointegration coefficients disclosed that the financial development index positively affected the primary energy use, but private credit did not have a significant effect on the primary energy use. Furthermore, financial institutions’ access had a significant negative impact on primary energy use. However, country-level cointegration coefficients indicated that the financial development index positively affected the primary energy use in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, and Slovenia, and private credit also had a positive impact on primary energy use in Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia, but the effect of financial development index on primary energy use was found to be very higher than that of private credit. Moreover, financial institutions’ access negatively affected the primary energy use in Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
Yilmaz Bayar; Mehmet Ozkaya; Laura Herta; Marius Gavriletea. Financial Development, Financial Inclusion and Primary Energy Use: Evidence from the European Union Transition Economies. Energies 2021, 14, 3638 .
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Mehmet Ozkaya, Laura Herta, Marius Gavriletea. Financial Development, Financial Inclusion and Primary Energy Use: Evidence from the European Union Transition Economies. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Mehmet Ozkaya; Laura Herta; Marius Gavriletea. 2021. "Financial Development, Financial Inclusion and Primary Energy Use: Evidence from the European Union Transition Economies." Energies 14, no. 12: 3638.
Poverty alleviation has become one of the biggest challenges for many countries and access to financial services is considered to be a key driver of development and economic growth. Finding solutions that can break down barriers that poor people are facing to access formal financial services has become a major concern for researchers, governments, financial institutions. Financial services must reinvent themselves and the adoption of new technology is a crucial key to overhaul their operations and to find innovative solutions to manage customer expectations. The escalation in access and penetration level of mobile phones and the Internet can improve financial inclusion by facilitating easy access to financial services, by providing secure transaction platforms, by reducing transaction costs, by providing a competitive business framework. There has been relatively limited research on the impact of Internet and mobile phones use on financial inclusion, therefore our main purpose was to investigate this linkage in a sample of 11 post-communist countries of the European Union from 1996–2017 using panel cointegration and causality analyses. Firstly, we investigated whether mobile cellular phone subscriptions and the rate of Internet usage affect financial institutions’ access; secondly, we analysed the impact of these variables on financial market access. Results indicate that mobile cellular phone subscriptions positively affect both financial institution access in countries like Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovenia and financial market access in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Hungary. Also, a negative relationship between mobile cellular phone subscriptions and financial institution access was noticed in the Czech Republic and regarding financial market access in the Czech Republic and Poland. Our findings also indicate both positive and negative relationships between Internet usage rates and financial institutions and financial markets access. By increasing Internet usage we can improve access to financial institutions in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland and we can increase financial markets access in Latvia and Slovenia.
Yilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea; Dragoş Păun. IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONES AND INTERNET USE ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE EU POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2021, 27, 722 -741.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Marius Dan Gavriletea, Dragoş Păun. IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONES AND INTERNET USE ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE EU POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2021; 27 (3):722-741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea; Dragoş Păun. 2021. "IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONES AND INTERNET USE ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE EU POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 27, no. 3: 722-741.
This paper analyses the impact of insurance sector development on economic growth based on a sample that includes 14 Central and Eastern European (CEE) post-transition countries for a period of 19 years, from 1998 to 2016. Considering the presence of cross-section dependence and multiple structural breaks, recently developed panel econometric techniques were employed and led to the following conclusions: (1) life insurance has no significant effect on economic growth in both panel and individual countries, (2) non-life insurance positively affects economic growth in both panel and individual countries, (3) Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test indicates a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to both life and non-life insurance and infers the absence of causal connection between life and non-life insurance and economic growth.
Yilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea; Dan Constantin Danuletiu. DOES THE INSURANCE SECTOR REALLY MATTER FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. Journal of Business Economics and Management 2021, 22, 695 -713.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Marius Dan Gavriletea, Dan Constantin Danuletiu. DOES THE INSURANCE SECTOR REALLY MATTER FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. Journal of Business Economics and Management. 2021; 22 (3):695-713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea; Dan Constantin Danuletiu. 2021. "DOES THE INSURANCE SECTOR REALLY MATTER FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, no. 3: 695-713.
Tourism sector has become one of the largest export items in the globalized world and in turn an item of national income for the countries. However, the globally expanding tourism sector may lead to negative impacts such as environmental degradation, and detrimental effects on social and cultural values despite its positive effects on economic growth, employment, and balance of payments. In the study, we explore the short and long run effects of international tourism and real gross domestic product on environment proxied by carbon dioxide emissions in Mediterranean European states over the period of 1995-2018, using second generation cointegration and causality tests. The short run analysis revealed a one-way causality from real gross domestic product to carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, the long run analysis indicated that international tourism had a positive influence on carbon dioxide emissions in Italy and Slovenia and real gross domestic product had a positive influence on carbon dioxide emissions in most of the countries in the sample.
Yilmaz Bayar; Emre Sakar; Tugba Betul Ozav. Environmental Effects of International Tourism in Mediterranean European Countries: a Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2021, 30, 1539 -1547.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Emre Sakar, Tugba Betul Ozav. Environmental Effects of International Tourism in Mediterranean European Countries: a Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2021; 30 (2):1539-1547.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Emre Sakar; Tugba Betul Ozav. 2021. "Environmental Effects of International Tourism in Mediterranean European Countries: a Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30, no. 2: 1539-1547.
The world population maintains a growing trend and in turn, the amount of municipal waste is also increasing. Rising municipal waste quantity poses a challenge for human beings and the environment, therefore recycling becomes important for environmental sustainability and circular economy. This study explores the effects of municipal waste recycling and renewable energy on the environment sustainability proxied by CO2 emissions in EU member states over the period from 2004 to 2017 through panel cointegration and causality analyses. Recycling is considered an efficient way to reduce CO2 emission, but surprisingly our results indicate mixed findings. The causality analysis revealed no significant interaction among recycling rate, renewable energy and CO2 emissions. However, in the long run, the negative impact of recycling and renewable energy use on CO2 emissions were revealed but varied among the countries. Results indicate that increasing renewable energy consumption will play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These findings must raise awareness among policymakers that should focus on the adoption and implementation of different types of sustainable energy policies that can affect directly or indirectly renewable energy sector development.
Yilmaz Bayar; Marius Gavriletea; Stefan Sauer; Dragos Paun. Impact of Municipal Waste Recycling and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO2 Emissions across the European Union (EU) Member Countries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 656 .
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Marius Gavriletea, Stefan Sauer, Dragos Paun. Impact of Municipal Waste Recycling and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO2 Emissions across the European Union (EU) Member Countries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Marius Gavriletea; Stefan Sauer; Dragos Paun. 2021. "Impact of Municipal Waste Recycling and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO2 Emissions across the European Union (EU) Member Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 656.
The improvements in economic development, living standards, and the health sector have raised the life expectancy on the world. The rising life expectancy together with decreasing fertility rates have led to population aging. The population aging phenomenon has led the researchers to explore the social and economic implications of population aging in different countries and country groups. In the chapter, the authors explore the causality between population aging and economic growth in EU member states during the period of 1996-2019 through causality analysis and revealed a reciprocal causality between population aging and economic growth.
Yilmaz Bayar; Aysun Karamikli. Population Aging and Economic Growth in EU Member States. Advances in Human Services and Public Health 2021, 87 -96.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Aysun Karamikli. Population Aging and Economic Growth in EU Member States. Advances in Human Services and Public Health. 2021; ():87-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Aysun Karamikli. 2021. "Population Aging and Economic Growth in EU Member States." Advances in Human Services and Public Health , no. : 87-96.
Tourism sector has become one of the leading economic sectors and export items for the countries in the globalized world after consistent growth during the past six decades. Furthermore, tourism sector is also a significant component of economic growth and an important source of foreign exchange and employment due to its labor intensive structure. Therefore, many countries have designed and implemented various economic and non-economic measures to improve inbound tourism. In this context, this study investigated the impact of economic, social, cultural, and political globalization on inbound tourism in selected Mediterranean countries for the period of 1995-2017 through panel regression analysis considering the limited related literature. The regression analysis revealed that economic globalization, social globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization positively affected inbound tourism. In this regard, the policies raising economic, social, cultural and political integration with global economy is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of inbound tourism.
Yilmaz Bayar; Hakki Odabas; Emre Sakar. Impact of Globalization on Inbound Tourism in Mediterranean Countries. Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector 2021, 87 -95.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Hakki Odabas, Emre Sakar. Impact of Globalization on Inbound Tourism in Mediterranean Countries. Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector. 2021; ():87-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Hakki Odabas; Emre Sakar. 2021. "Impact of Globalization on Inbound Tourism in Mediterranean Countries." Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector , no. : 87-95.
The globalized world has experienced significant environmental degradation together with raising global production and population. In this context, the employment of renewable energy use has become crucial for a sustainable environment and development. In the research, the mutual causality among renewable energy, trade and financial globalization, real GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions in EU transition economies experiencing the integration with global economy was explored through bootstrap panel Granger causality test for the period of 1995–2015. The causality analysis revealed a unilateral causality from trade globalization to renewable energy in Estonia, Latvia, and Slovenia, and from renewable energy to trade globalization in Croatia and Lithuania. However, no significant causality between financial globalization and renewable energy was revealed. On the other side, a unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to renewable energy in Lithuania and Slovenia, and from renewable energy to CO2 emissions in Czechia, Hungary, and Latvia and a reciprocal causality between renewable energy to CO2 emissions in Romania and Slovakia and a unilateral causality from real GDP per capita to renewable energy in Czechia, Romania, and Slovenia was discovered in the causality analysis.
Yilmaz Bayar; Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz; Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya. Impact of Trade and Financial Globalization on Renewable Energy in EU Transition Economies: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test. Energies 2020, 14, 19 .
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz, Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya. Impact of Trade and Financial Globalization on Renewable Energy in EU Transition Economies: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test. Energies. 2020; 14 (1):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz; Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya. 2020. "Impact of Trade and Financial Globalization on Renewable Energy in EU Transition Economies: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test." Energies 14, no. 1: 19.
Financial risk tolerance is one of the important factors affecting the financial investment decisions of individuals and institutional investors and a crucial factor of financial planning and financial counseling. It is therefore necessary to determine the major determinants of risk tolerance. In this article, we researched the impact of financial literacy level and demographic characteristics on the financial risk tolerance of the individuals in the sample of Usak University staff, using a multinomial logistic regression analysis and retrieving data through the questionnaire method. Multinomial logistic regression is an extension of binary logistic regression, allowing for three or more categories of the dependent variable. The findings of the empirical analysis reveal that financial literacy and demographic characteristics of age, gender, education, and income levels are significant determinants of financial risk tolerance. In this regard, the improvements in the financial literacy of the individuals through various education programs will probably raise the demand of financial products with different risk characteristics and in turn contribute to the development of financial sector.
Yılmaz Bayar; H. Funda Sezgin; Ömer Faruk Öztürk; Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz. Financial Literacy and Financial Risk Tolerance of Individual Investors: Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach. SAGE Open 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleYılmaz Bayar, H. Funda Sezgin, Ömer Faruk Öztürk, Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz. Financial Literacy and Financial Risk Tolerance of Individual Investors: Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach. SAGE Open. 2020; 10 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYılmaz Bayar; H. Funda Sezgin; Ömer Faruk Öztürk; Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz. 2020. "Financial Literacy and Financial Risk Tolerance of Individual Investors: Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach." SAGE Open 10, no. 3: 1.
Bireysel emeklilik şirketleri, finansal sistemin önemli kurumsal yatırımcılarından birisidir ve uzun vadeli yatırım perspektifi ile finansal sistemin gelişimine önemli katkı sağlamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada Uşak Üniversitesi personeli örnekleminde anket yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler ile faktör analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda temel ve orta düzeyde finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı, ileri düzeyde finansal okuryazarlığın ise kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımını negatif etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Yılmaz Bayar; Murat Gündüz; Ömer Faruk Öztürk; Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz. FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞIN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİNE KATILIM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ PERSONELİNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 2020, 8, 1972 -1989.
AMA StyleYılmaz Bayar, Murat Gündüz, Ömer Faruk Öztürk, Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz. FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞIN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİNE KATILIM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ PERSONELİNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal. 2020; 8 (2):1972-1989.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYılmaz Bayar; Murat Gündüz; Ömer Faruk Öztürk; Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz. 2020. "FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞIN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİNE KATILIM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ PERSONELİNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 8, no. 2: 1972-1989.
The scientific periodical journal (indexed on Web of Science) published by the Tomas Bata University in Zlin offers results of basic and applied economic research in the English language.
Yilmaz Bayar; Usak University; Rita Remeikiene; Armenia Androniceanu; Ligita Gaspareniene; Ramunas Jucevicius; Mykolas Romeris University; Bucharest University of Economic Studies; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The Shadow Economy, Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows. Journal of Competitiveness 2020, 12, 5 -21.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Usak University, Rita Remeikiene, Armenia Androniceanu, Ligita Gaspareniene, Ramunas Jucevicius, Mykolas Romeris University, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The Shadow Economy, Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows. Journal of Competitiveness. 2020; 12 (1):5-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Usak University; Rita Remeikiene; Armenia Androniceanu; Ligita Gaspareniene; Ramunas Jucevicius; Mykolas Romeris University; Bucharest University of Economic Studies; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. 2020. "The Shadow Economy, Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows." Journal of Competitiveness 12, no. 1: 5-21.
Carbon dioxide emissions are on the rise, posing a serious global issue. Therefore, it is important that policymakers identify the exact causes of these emissions. This paper investigates the influence of financial development, primary energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in 11 post-transition European economies. The assessment was made for the 1995–2017 period using panel cointegration and causality analyses. The causality analyses did not reveal significant connection between financial sector development and CO2 emissions, but rather a two-way causality between primary energy consumption and economic growth, on one hand, and CO2 emissions on the other. Meanwhile, long-run analysis disclosed that financial sector development and primary energy consumption positively affected CO2 emissions. Our results seek to grab the attention of policy makers, who could work towards creating country-specific strategies that balance the relationship between financial development and CO2 emissions. These long-term policies could ensure both development of the financial sector and environmental protection.
Yilmaz Bayar; Laura Diaconu (Maxim); Andrei Maxim. Financial Development and CO2 Emissions in Post-Transition European Union Countries. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2640 .
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Laura Diaconu (Maxim), Andrei Maxim. Financial Development and CO2 Emissions in Post-Transition European Union Countries. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Laura Diaconu (Maxim); Andrei Maxim. 2020. "Financial Development and CO2 Emissions in Post-Transition European Union Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2640.
Yilmaz Bayar; Rita Remeikienė; Ligita Gasparėnienė. Intellectual property rights, R&D expenditures, and high-tech exports in the EU transition economies. Journal of International Studies 2020, 13, 143 -154.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Rita Remeikienė, Ligita Gasparėnienė. Intellectual property rights, R&D expenditures, and high-tech exports in the EU transition economies. Journal of International Studies. 2020; 13 (1):143-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Rita Remeikienė; Ligita Gasparėnienė. 2020. "Intellectual property rights, R&D expenditures, and high-tech exports in the EU transition economies." Journal of International Studies 13, no. 1: 143-154.
Yilmaz Bayar; Murat Gündüz; Funda Sezgin. Banking Sector Instability and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal 2019, 7, 263 -274.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Murat Gündüz, Funda Sezgin. Banking Sector Instability and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal. 2019; 7 (2):263-274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Murat Gündüz; Funda Sezgin. 2019. "Banking Sector Instability and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey." Alphanumeric Journal 7, no. 2: 263-274.
Banking sector is important for various macroeconomic and microeconomic variables in terms of mobilization of funds, increasing savings, and providing alternative investment instruments suited to the every person by minimizing the risk of adverse selection and moral hazard, allocating funds to most productive projects, risk diversification. Therefore, sound functioning of the banking sector is critical especially for emerging and developing countries. This study explores the macroeconomic, institutional, and bank-specific factors behind nonperforming banking loans as an indicator of banking sector functioning in emerging market economies over the 2000-2013 period by employing the system GMM dynamic panel data estimator. Results of the dynamic panel regression analysis showed that economic growth, inflation, economic freedom (institutional development), return on assets and equity, regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets, and noninterest income to total income affected nonperforming loans negatively, while unemployment, public debt, credit growth, lagged values of nonperforming loans, cost to income ratio and financial crises affected nonperforming loans positively.
Yilmaz Bayar. Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 2019, 8, 95 -110.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar. Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice. 2019; 8 (3):95-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar. 2019. "Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 8, no. 3: 95-110.
Entrepreneurship plays a major role in all countries’ economies through generating new jobs and innovation, and in turn making a contribution to the economic growth. Therefore, the determinants underlying entrepreneurship have become important for designing an environment that increases entrepreneurial activity. In this study, we considered it important to investigate the influence of factors such as financial sector development, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and trade and financial openness on entrepreneurship, using information from 15 upper middle income and high-income countries over the 2001–2015 period. The findings reveal that the banking sector and capital market development, FDI inflows, and trade openness affect the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity positively. Furthermore, the crises had a negative impact on the entrepreneurship.
Yilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea; Zeki Ucar. Financial Sector Development, Openness, and Entrepreneurship: Panel Regression Analysis. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3493 .
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Marius Dan Gavriletea, Zeki Ucar. Financial Sector Development, Openness, and Entrepreneurship: Panel Regression Analysis. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3493.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea; Zeki Ucar. 2018. "Financial Sector Development, Openness, and Entrepreneurship: Panel Regression Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3493.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have increased considerably in the globalized world as of the mid-1980s. The main objective of this research is to analyze interactions between FDI inflows and financial sector development in Central and Eastern European Union countries between 1996 and 2015 with panel data analysis. Our findings reveal that there is no cointegrating relationship among FDI inflows, investments of foreign portfolio, and the development of financial sectors, but there is a one-way causality from development of financial sectors to FDI inflows over the short run.
Yilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea. Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Financial Development in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality. International Journal of Financial Studies 2018, 6, 55 .
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Marius Dan Gavriletea. Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Financial Development in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality. International Journal of Financial Studies. 2018; 6 (2):55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Marius Dan Gavriletea. 2018. "Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Financial Development in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Panel Cointegration and Causality." International Journal of Financial Studies 6, no. 2: 55.
Naib Alakbarov; Yılmaz Bayar. Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Demokratikleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Maliye Finans Yazıları 2018, 1, 165 -180.
AMA StyleNaib Alakbarov, Yılmaz Bayar. Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Demokratikleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Maliye Finans Yazıları. 2018; 1 (109):165-180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaib Alakbarov; Yılmaz Bayar. 2018. "Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Demokratikleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme." Maliye Finans Yazıları 1, no. 109: 165-180.
Global wealth has increased significantly in recent years. However, poverty and income inequality has stayed at high levels in some countries despite the global economic expansion in the world during the past four decades. In this regard, extensive measures by national governments and international institutions have been taken to combat with poverty and income inequality at national and international levels. Social protection expenditures by governments are one of the prevailing policies to decrease the poverty and inequality in the world. This study examines the causal relationship between social expenditures and poverty in selected Central and Eastern European Union countries during 2005–2014 period employing causality analysis. We found that there was no causal interaction between social expenditures and poverty in our sample.
Yilmaz Bayar; Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz. Social Expenditures and Poverty in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Causality Analysis. Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology 2017, 257 -263.
AMA StyleYilmaz Bayar, Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz. Social Expenditures and Poverty in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Causality Analysis. Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology. 2017; ():257-263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYilmaz Bayar; Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz. 2017. "Social Expenditures and Poverty in Central and Eastern European Union Countries: A Causality Analysis." Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology , no. : 257-263.