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Dr. Balendu Shekher Giri
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

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0 Anaerobic Digestion
0 Bioremediation
0 Microbiology
0 Wastewater Treatment
0 industrial pollutants

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Bioremediation
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Microbiology

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Bioresource Technology
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In this work, an effort has been made to develop an integrated system (ozonation followed by biodegradation) for the treatment of Acid orange 7 (AO 7) dye. The process parameters such as pH (3.0–11) and ozone dosage (5–25 mg/L) were optimized and obtained as 3.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively to treat the AO 7 by ozonation. Similarly, the process parameters, namely pH (5.0–9.0) and temperature (25–45 °C) were optimized and found to be 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively by biological treatment. Bacillus sp. was found to be the most effective bacteria to remove the AO 7. An integrated system obtained an overall 98.7% removal of AO 7 under optimum conditions. Andrews-Haldane model was best to predict the experimental data and the bio-kinetic constants; µmax: 0.1875 day−1; Ks: 49.53 mg/L; Ki: 133.32 mg/L were obtained. The developed integrated system can be a promising option for the treatment of azo dye containing-wastewaters.

ACS Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Soumya Pandey; Santosh Kumar Yadav; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Vimal Katiyar; Ram Sharan Singh; Birendra Nath Rai. Construction of integrated system for the treatment of Acid orange 7 dye from wastewater: Optimization and growth kinetic study. Bioresource Technology 2021, 337, 125478 .

AMA Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani, Soumya Pandey, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Vimal Katiyar, Ram Sharan Singh, Birendra Nath Rai. Construction of integrated system for the treatment of Acid orange 7 dye from wastewater: Optimization and growth kinetic study. Bioresource Technology. 2021; 337 ():125478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Soumya Pandey; Santosh Kumar Yadav; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Vimal Katiyar; Ram Sharan Singh; Birendra Nath Rai. 2021. "Construction of integrated system for the treatment of Acid orange 7 dye from wastewater: Optimization and growth kinetic study." Bioresource Technology 337, no. : 125478.

Review
Published: 11 February 2021 in Chemosphere
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Application of agrochemicals in farming sector to control insects and pests; and use of synthetic organic dyes to color the products are increasing continuously due to the rapid growth of industries. During the application process many industries releases toxic agrochemicals and dyes in to the aquatic environment and on land without the proper treatment. Due to their toxicity the disposal of such chemicals is of utmost importance. Biochar offers the ability to remediate these substances from environmental matrices because of their high sorption ability of pollutants from water and soil. This review highlights the development and advancement of biochar-based treatment for abatement of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes, involving its technical aspects and the variables connected with removing these kinds of pollutants. Several optimization parameters like temperature, pH, chemical concentration, biochar properties, time, and co-existing ions have been elaborated. Literature survey shows that most of the researches on biochar application have been conducted in the batch mode. Hence there is an urgent need to apply this beneficial technique for the remediation of pollutants at the larger scale in the real water and soil samples. A comprehensive summary on sorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms with regards to pollutant removal is also presented. This review also covers the cost analysis of various techniques where biochar has been used as an adsorbent. Thus this review makes an easy roadmap for the further development in biochar and biochar based composites and expansion of these demanding areas of research in biochar and their applications.

ACS Style

Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Mandavi Goswami; Rakesh K. Mishra; Preeti Chaturvedi; Mukesh Kumar Awashthi; Ram Sharan Singh; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ashok Pandey. Biochar for remediation of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes from environmental samples: A review. Chemosphere 2021, 272, 129917 .

AMA Style

Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Mandavi Goswami, Rakesh K. Mishra, Preeti Chaturvedi, Mukesh Kumar Awashthi, Ram Sharan Singh, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Ashok Pandey. Biochar for remediation of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes from environmental samples: A review. Chemosphere. 2021; 272 ():129917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Mandavi Goswami; Rakesh K. Mishra; Preeti Chaturvedi; Mukesh Kumar Awashthi; Ram Sharan Singh; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ashok Pandey. 2021. "Biochar for remediation of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes from environmental samples: A review." Chemosphere 272, no. : 129917.

Review
Published: 02 January 2021 in Environmental Research
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Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency linked to unrestrained use of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as prophylactic agent and therapeutic purposes across various industries. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals are identified in ground water, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in ng/L to μg/L concentration range. The prevalence of organic compounds including antimicrobial agents, hormones, antibiotics, preservatives, disinfectants, synthetic musks etc. in environment have posed serious health concerns. The aim of this review is to elucidate the major sources accountable for emergence of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, variety of introductory sources and fate of PPCPs in aquatic environment including human and veterinary wastes, aquaculture and agriculture related wastes, and other anthropogenic activities have been discussed. Furthermore, genetic and enzymatic factors responsible for transfer and appearance of antibiotic resistance genes are presented. Ecotoxicity of PPCPs has been studied in environment in order to present risk imposed to human and ecological health. As per published literature reports, the removal of antibiotics and related traces being difficult, couples the possibility of emergence of antibiotic resistance and hence sustainability in global water resources. Therefore, research on environmental behavior and control strategies should be conducted along with assessing their chronic toxicity to identify potential human and ecological risks.

ACS Style

Preeti Chaturvedi; Parul Shukla; Balendu Shekher Giri; Pankaj Chowdhary; Ram Chandra; Pratima Gupta; Ashok Pandey. Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants. Environmental Research 2021, 194, 110664 .

AMA Style

Preeti Chaturvedi, Parul Shukla, Balendu Shekher Giri, Pankaj Chowdhary, Ram Chandra, Pratima Gupta, Ashok Pandey. Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants. Environmental Research. 2021; 194 ():110664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Preeti Chaturvedi; Parul Shukla; Balendu Shekher Giri; Pankaj Chowdhary; Ram Chandra; Pratima Gupta; Ashok Pandey. 2021. "Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants." Environmental Research 194, no. : 110664.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in Water
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Biochar prepared from Sterculia alata fruit shell showed a better performance for dye removal than the biomass from Sterculia alata fruit shell. The important process parameters—namely the pH, the amount of biochar, the initial dye concentration and the contact time—were optimized in order to maximize dye removal using biochar of Sterculia alata fruit shell as the bio-sorbent. The results from this study showed that the maximum adsorption of dye on the biochar was obtained at a biochar dosage of 40 g/L, at a contact time of 5 h, and an initial dye concentration of 500 mg/L (pH 2.0; temperature 30 ± 5 °C). The increase in the rate adsorption with temperature and the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images indicated the possibility of multilayer type adsorption which was confirmed by better fit of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the experimental data as compared to the Langmuir isotherm. The values n and R2 in the Freundlich isotherm were found to be 4.55 and 0.97, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 11.36 mg/g. The value of n > 1 indicated physical nature of the adsorption process. The first and second order kinetics were tested, and it was observed that the adsorption process followed the first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.911).

ACS Style

Balendu Giri; Mandavi Goswami; Prabhat Kumar; Rahul Yadav; Neha Sharma; Ravi Sonwani; Sudeep Yadav; Rajendra Singh; Eldon Rene; Preeti Chaturvedi; Ram Singh. Adsorption of Patent Blue V from Textile Industry Wastewater Using Sterculia alata Fruit Shell Biochar: Evaluation of Efficiency and Mechanisms. Water 2020, 12, 2017 .

AMA Style

Balendu Giri, Mandavi Goswami, Prabhat Kumar, Rahul Yadav, Neha Sharma, Ravi Sonwani, Sudeep Yadav, Rajendra Singh, Eldon Rene, Preeti Chaturvedi, Ram Singh. Adsorption of Patent Blue V from Textile Industry Wastewater Using Sterculia alata Fruit Shell Biochar: Evaluation of Efficiency and Mechanisms. Water. 2020; 12 (7):2017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balendu Giri; Mandavi Goswami; Prabhat Kumar; Rahul Yadav; Neha Sharma; Ravi Sonwani; Sudeep Yadav; Rajendra Singh; Eldon Rene; Preeti Chaturvedi; Ram Singh. 2020. "Adsorption of Patent Blue V from Textile Industry Wastewater Using Sterculia alata Fruit Shell Biochar: Evaluation of Efficiency and Mechanisms." Water 12, no. 7: 2017.

Minireview
Published: 04 July 2020 in Physiologia Plantarum
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Winter varieties of plants can flower only after exposure to prolonged cold. This phenomenon is known as vernalization and has been widely studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in monocots. Through the repression of floral activator genes, vernalization prevents flowering in winter. In Arabidopsis , FLOWERING LOCUS C or FLC is the key repressor during vernalization, while in monocots vernalization is regulated through VRN1 , VRN2 and VRN3 (or FLOWERING LOCUS T ). Interestingly, VRN genes are not homologous to FLC but FLC homologs are found to have a significant role in vernalization response in cereals. The presence of FLC homologs in monocots opens new dimensions to understand, compare and retrace the evolution of vernalization pathways between monocots and dicots. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of vernalization‐induced flowering along with epigenetic regulations in Arabidopsis and temperate cereals. A better understanding of cold‐induced flowering will be helpful in crop breeding strategies to modify the vernalization requirement of economically‐important temperate cereals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Neha Sharma; Koen Geuten; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ajit Varma. The molecular mechanism of vernalization in Arabidopsis and cereals: role of Flowering Locus C and its homologs. Physiologia Plantarum 2020, 170, 373 -383.

AMA Style

Neha Sharma, Koen Geuten, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Ajit Varma. The molecular mechanism of vernalization in Arabidopsis and cereals: role of Flowering Locus C and its homologs. Physiologia Plantarum. 2020; 170 (3):373-383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neha Sharma; Koen Geuten; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ajit Varma. 2020. "The molecular mechanism of vernalization in Arabidopsis and cereals: role of Flowering Locus C and its homologs." Physiologia Plantarum 170, no. 3: 373-383.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The degrees of mineral carbonation in (a) construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and (b) a mixture of cement and fly ash were studied through a dynamic experimental method to determine the variation in the rate and extent of CO2 sequestration achievable under simulated outdoor conditions. A number of experiments were performed in a self-designed rotating batch reactor by churning the two samples together with CO2, which was passed through the mixtures by using water vapor as the medium of transfer. At an injection flow rate of 1 L/min for CO2, the theoretical extent of carbonation was observed to be 39.1% for the mixture of cement and fly ash and 25% for C&DW. It was further observed that upon increasing the CO2 flow rate to 10 L/min, the carbonation in the mixture of cement and fly ash increased by 37.2% after 15 h of rotation at 60 rounds per hour (rph) for a temperature of 40 °C. Weighing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were performed for the samples before and after the batch reaction to study the quantitative, qualitative and morphological aspects of the process.

ACS Style

Shaniv Kumar Tiwari; Balendu Shekher Giri; Varadavenkatesan Thivaharan; Amitabh Kumar Srivastava; Sunil Kumar; Rajendra Prasad Singh; Rajesh Kumar; Ram Sharan Singh. Sequestration of simulated carbon dioxide (CO2) using churning cementations waste and fly-ash in a thermo-stable batch reactor (TSBR). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 27470 -27479.

AMA Style

Shaniv Kumar Tiwari, Balendu Shekher Giri, Varadavenkatesan Thivaharan, Amitabh Kumar Srivastava, Sunil Kumar, Rajendra Prasad Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Ram Sharan Singh. Sequestration of simulated carbon dioxide (CO2) using churning cementations waste and fly-ash in a thermo-stable batch reactor (TSBR). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (22):27470-27479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaniv Kumar Tiwari; Balendu Shekher Giri; Varadavenkatesan Thivaharan; Amitabh Kumar Srivastava; Sunil Kumar; Rajendra Prasad Singh; Rajesh Kumar; Ram Sharan Singh. 2020. "Sequestration of simulated carbon dioxide (CO2) using churning cementations waste and fly-ash in a thermo-stable batch reactor (TSBR)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 22: 27470-27479.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Bioengineered
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This work highlights the potential of corncob biochar (CCBC) and Brevibacillus parabrevis for the decolorization of brilliant green (BG) dye from synthetically prepared contaminated wastewater. The CCBC was characterized by proximate, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, respectively. Different parameters affecting the adsorption process were evaluated. The experimental results were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic results were examined by different models; pseudo-second-order model has shown the best fit to the experimental data. Anew positive values of ΔHo (172.58 kJ/mol) and ΔSo (569.97 J/K/mol) in the temperature range of 303–318 K revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The present investigation showed that the bacteria immobilized with CCBC showed better BG dye degradation. The kinetic parameters, μmax, Ks, and μmax, were found to be 0.5 per day, 39.4 mg/day, and 0.012 L/mg/day using Monod model, respectively. The adsorbent with bacteria showed good potential for the removal of cationic BG dye and can be considered for the remediation of industrial effluent.

ACS Style

Balendu Shekher Giri; Sudeshna Gun; Saurabh Pandey; Aparna Trivedi; Riti Thapar Kapoor; Rajendra Prasad Singh; Omar M. Abdeldayem; Eldon R. Rene; Sudeep Yadav; Preeti Chaturvedi; Neha Sharma; Ram Sharan Singh. Reusability of brilliant green dye contaminated wastewater using corncob biochar and Brevibacillus parabrevis: hybrid treatment and kinetic studies. Bioengineered 2020, 11, 743 -758.

AMA Style

Balendu Shekher Giri, Sudeshna Gun, Saurabh Pandey, Aparna Trivedi, Riti Thapar Kapoor, Rajendra Prasad Singh, Omar M. Abdeldayem, Eldon R. Rene, Sudeep Yadav, Preeti Chaturvedi, Neha Sharma, Ram Sharan Singh. Reusability of brilliant green dye contaminated wastewater using corncob biochar and Brevibacillus parabrevis: hybrid treatment and kinetic studies. Bioengineered. 2020; 11 (1):743-758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balendu Shekher Giri; Sudeshna Gun; Saurabh Pandey; Aparna Trivedi; Riti Thapar Kapoor; Rajendra Prasad Singh; Omar M. Abdeldayem; Eldon R. Rene; Sudeep Yadav; Preeti Chaturvedi; Neha Sharma; Ram Sharan Singh. 2020. "Reusability of brilliant green dye contaminated wastewater using corncob biochar and Brevibacillus parabrevis: hybrid treatment and kinetic studies." Bioengineered 11, no. 1: 743-758.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Fuel
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ACS Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; Balendu Shekher Giri; Eldon R. Rene; Bhawna Verma. Biodiesel production from hybrid non-edible oil using bio-support beads immobilized with lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia. Fuel 2019, 255, 1 .

AMA Style

Dilip Kumar, Tapas Das, Balendu Shekher Giri, Eldon R. Rene, Bhawna Verma. Biodiesel production from hybrid non-edible oil using bio-support beads immobilized with lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia. Fuel. 2019; 255 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; Balendu Shekher Giri; Eldon R. Rene; Bhawna Verma. 2019. "Biodiesel production from hybrid non-edible oil using bio-support beads immobilized with lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia." Fuel 255, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2019 in Process Safety and Environmental Protection
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In the present work, the biodegradation of naphthalene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) has been studied using isolated Bacillus cereus RKS4 (MH681588.1). The process variables such as pH (5.0–9.0), temperature (25–40 °C), and naphthalene concentration (10–50 mg/L) have been optimized using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows a high value of R2 (0.98) and confirm that the second-order regression model is in agreement with experimental data. The maximum removal of naphthalene (96.1%) were obtained at pH of 7.0, naphthalene concentration of 10 mg/L, and temperature of 32.0 °C. Further, the biodegradation of naphthalene was studied in a pilot-scale integrated aerobic treatment plant (IATP) at various flow rates. GC–MS analysis reveals that catechol and 2-naphthol were the major intermediate metabolites observed during biodegradation. The kinetics of naphthalene biodegradation was examined by Monod and Teissier-Edwards models and kinetic parameters were obtained to be μmax: 0.165 per day, KS: 7.91 mg/L by Monod and μmax: 0.321 per day, KS: 11.5 mg/L, Ki: 33.2 mg/L by Teissier-Edwards.

ACS Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ram Sharan Singh; Birendra Nath Rai. Studies on optimization of naphthalene biodegradation using surface response methodology: Kinetic study and performance evaluation of a pilot scale integrated aerobic treatment plant. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2019, 132, 240 -248.

AMA Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Ram Sharan Singh, Birendra Nath Rai. Studies on optimization of naphthalene biodegradation using surface response methodology: Kinetic study and performance evaluation of a pilot scale integrated aerobic treatment plant. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2019; 132 ():240-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ram Sharan Singh; Birendra Nath Rai. 2019. "Studies on optimization of naphthalene biodegradation using surface response methodology: Kinetic study and performance evaluation of a pilot scale integrated aerobic treatment plant." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 132, no. : 240-248.

Journal article
Published: 03 October 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The present study has been focussed on biodiesel production from nonedible oil in a jacketed packed bed bioreactor (JPBBR) using immobilized (lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia) biocatalyst under the cleaner production. It has no harmful by products. Experimental data were evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) integrated desirability functional approach. RSM based on a, 4 factors and 5 levels central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain the best possible combination which was found to be under the optimized conditions of enzymatic transesterification reactions, i.e. 2-propanol to oil molar ratio_5.93:1, time_24.32 h, enzyme (lipase) loading_9.46% (w/w) and temperature_49.7 °C. The actual experimental yield was 84.58%, which compared well to the maximum predicted value of 83.80% and conversion of biodiesel yield 85.14%. Reusability test shows the bio-support catalyst could retain up to ∼70% of its initial biodiesel yield after 10 cycles. The results showed that the immobilized lipase produced high biodiesel yield after 50 days and retained 78.58%, even after 60 days. This proves the beneficial role at industrial scale.

ACS Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; Balendu Shekher Giri; Bhawna Verma. Optimization of biodiesel synthesis from nonedible oil using immobilized bio-support catalysts in jacketed packed bed bioreactor by response surface methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 244, 118700 .

AMA Style

Dilip Kumar, Tapas Das, Balendu Shekher Giri, Bhawna Verma. Optimization of biodiesel synthesis from nonedible oil using immobilized bio-support catalysts in jacketed packed bed bioreactor by response surface methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 244 ():118700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; Balendu Shekher Giri; Bhawna Verma. 2019. "Optimization of biodiesel synthesis from nonedible oil using immobilized bio-support catalysts in jacketed packed bed bioreactor by response surface methodology." Journal of Cleaner Production 244, no. : 118700.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2019 in Renewable Energy
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In the present study, hybrid bio-support catalyst (BSC) has been prepared for the production of biodiesel from Castor oil. Lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia has been immobilized on a hybrid bio-support material (BSM) by entrapment method and characterized. The highest immobilized lipase activity and loading efficiency were 87.28 (U/g) and 55.2%, respectively. The composition of Castor oil expelled from Castor seeds evaluated through Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. GCMS spectra show the percentage composition of ricinoleic, linoleic, oleic, stearic, palmitic, and nonanoic acid, as 78.67, 9.62, 6.65, 1.53, 2.19, and 0.08, respectively. Optimized conditions for the transesterification of Castor oil with propan-2-ol as acyl acceptor in solvent free medium were, 10% immobilized lipase relying on oil-weight, molar ratio of alcohol to oil (6:1) at 50±1°C for the period of 24 h. The product yield was estimated as 75% while the calculated conversion of biodiesel was approximately 78%. The reusability of hybrid BSC for 12 runs was found to be 70% of its initial biodiesel yield after 6 cycles. The properties of oil and biodiesel were calculated using American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM) D6751; formation of biodiesel confirmed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis.

ACS Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; Balendu Shekher Giri; Bhawna Verma. Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid bio-support material immobilized from Pseudomonas cepacia lipase and its application to enhance biodiesel production. Renewable Energy 2019, 147, 11 -24.

AMA Style

Dilip Kumar, Tapas Das, Balendu Shekher Giri, Bhawna Verma. Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid bio-support material immobilized from Pseudomonas cepacia lipase and its application to enhance biodiesel production. Renewable Energy. 2019; 147 ():11-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; Balendu Shekher Giri; Bhawna Verma. 2019. "Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid bio-support material immobilized from Pseudomonas cepacia lipase and its application to enhance biodiesel production." Renewable Energy 147, no. : 11-24.

Review
Published: 24 June 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in riverine systems has become a growing concern worldwide. Risk prediction of antibiotic resistance is difficult as the continuous addition of new antibiotics complicate the antibiotic resistome. As rivers flow with heavy antibiotic burdens, antibiotic resistance develops rapidly and disseminates into various environmental compartments. The analysis of antibiotic contamination-driven resistance in global rivers provides a clear picture of the consequences in the near future. In this review, an extensive literature survey along with the analysis on the relevant data was carried out to offer a better knowledge on the global trend of antibiotic resistance. Although the most common resistance was reported against tetracycline and sulfonamide class of antibiotics, the trend of resistance against advanced generation antibiotics such as β-lactam is alarming. Furthermore, non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters has become more frequent than clinical use as a major driver of resistance dissemination. Mechanistically, integrons and mobile genetic elements are suggested as one of the important media for resistance gene transfer. Considering the significance of this emerging issue, special emphasis is placed on the sources, fate, and possible management strategies to mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance. This review covers the environmental footprints of the antibiotic contamination-mediated emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in global rivers. As such, the distribution pattern of antibiotic contamination and resistance determinants in various rivers worldwide has been described with a note of its long term impact. The information presented in this review may be useful to policy makers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies to tackle the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance as a global threat.

ACS Style

Rachna Singh; Akhand Pratap Singh; Sunil Kumar; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ki-Hyun Kim. Antibiotic resistance in major rivers in the world: A systematic review on occurrence, emergence, and management strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 234, 1484 -1505.

AMA Style

Rachna Singh, Akhand Pratap Singh, Sunil Kumar, Balendu Shekher Giri, Ki-Hyun Kim. Antibiotic resistance in major rivers in the world: A systematic review on occurrence, emergence, and management strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 234 ():1484-1505.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachna Singh; Akhand Pratap Singh; Sunil Kumar; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ki-Hyun Kim. 2019. "Antibiotic resistance in major rivers in the world: A systematic review on occurrence, emergence, and management strategies." Journal of Cleaner Production 234, no. : 1484-1505.

Short communication
Published: 03 April 2019 in Bioresource Technology
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The main aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a biofilter packed with a mixture of compost and activated carbon, for gas-phase toluene removal under very high loading rates. Plaster of Paris was used as a binder to improve the mechanical strength and durability of the packing media. The biofilter was operated continuously for a period of ∼110 days and at four different flow rates (0.069, 0.084, 0.126 and 0.186 m-3 h-1), corresponding to toluene loading rates of 160-8759 g m-3 h-1. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) achieved in this study was 6665 g m-3 h-1, while the removal efficiency (RE) varied from ∼70 to >95% depending on the loading rate tested. The biofilter was able to remove > 99 % of toluene using Pseudomonas sp. RSST (MG 279053) as the dominant toluene degrading biocatalyst.

ACS Style

Munna Kumar; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ki-Hyun Kim; Rajendra Prasad Singh; Eldon R. Rene; M. Estefanía López; Birendra Nath Rai; Harinder Singh; Durga Prasad; Ram Sharan Singh. Performance of a biofilter with compost and activated carbon based packing material for gas-phase toluene removal under extremely high loading rates. Bioresource Technology 2019, 285, 121317 .

AMA Style

Munna Kumar, Balendu Shekher Giri, Ki-Hyun Kim, Rajendra Prasad Singh, Eldon R. Rene, M. Estefanía López, Birendra Nath Rai, Harinder Singh, Durga Prasad, Ram Sharan Singh. Performance of a biofilter with compost and activated carbon based packing material for gas-phase toluene removal under extremely high loading rates. Bioresource Technology. 2019; 285 ():121317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Munna Kumar; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ki-Hyun Kim; Rajendra Prasad Singh; Eldon R. Rene; M. Estefanía López; Birendra Nath Rai; Harinder Singh; Durga Prasad; Ram Sharan Singh. 2019. "Performance of a biofilter with compost and activated carbon based packing material for gas-phase toluene removal under extremely high loading rates." Bioresource Technology 285, no. : 121317.

Comparative study
Published: 27 February 2019 in Bioresource Technology
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In this work, modified plastic carriers; polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene- polypropylene (LDPE-PP), and polyurethane foam-polypropylene (PUF-PP) were developed and used in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) for the wastewater treatment containing naphthalene. To optimized the process parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), two numerical variables; pH (5.0-9.0) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (1.0-5.0 day) along with the type of carriers (PP, LDPE-PP, and PUF-PP) were selected as a categorical factor. At 7.0 pH and 5 days HRT, maximum removal efficiencies were observed to be 72.4, 84.4, and 90.2% for MBBR packed with PP, LDPE-PP, and PUF-PP carriers, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis reveals catechol and 2-naphthol were observed as intermediate metabolites for naphthalene degradation. Modified Stover–Kincannon model was applied for biodegradation kinetic and constants were observed as Umax: 0.476, 0.666, and 0.769 g/L.day and KB: 0.565, 0.755, and 0.874 g/L.day for PP, LDPE-PP, PUF-PP, respectively.

ACS Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Ganesh Swain; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ram Sharan Singh; Birendra Nath Rai. A novel comparative study of modified carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for the treatment of wastewater: Process optimization and kinetic study. Bioresource Technology 2019, 281, 335 -342.

AMA Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani, Ganesh Swain, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Ram Sharan Singh, Birendra Nath Rai. A novel comparative study of modified carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for the treatment of wastewater: Process optimization and kinetic study. Bioresource Technology. 2019; 281 ():335-342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Ganesh Swain; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ram Sharan Singh; Birendra Nath Rai. 2019. "A novel comparative study of modified carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for the treatment of wastewater: Process optimization and kinetic study." Bioresource Technology 281, no. : 335-342.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2019 in Biotechnology Reports
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The state-space model is identified using the identification tool of MATLAB, and the best fit of 99% of measured and simulated data was obtained. Further, state-space model was converted to a transfer function model and finally simplified to an unstable second order time-delay transfer function model. Internal model control based proportional integral derivative (IMC-PID) controller design method was proposed for unstable second order time delay with RHP zero (USOPDT) and successfully tested to the nonlinear bioreactor process model. The temperature of the bioreactor was successfully controlled by proposed controller in both cases setpoint and disturbance change. The performance of the controller was evaluated in terms of IAE, ISE, ITAE and the corresponding values of 20.99, 49.02 and 292.50 were obtained respectively. Proposed method shows better closed-loop performance in terms of IAE and settling time than the other reported methods for temperature control of bioreactor.

ACS Style

Munna Kumar; Durga Prasad; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ram Sharan Singh. Temperature control of fermentation bioreactor for ethanol production using IMC-PID controller. Biotechnology Reports 2019, 22, e00319 .

AMA Style

Munna Kumar, Durga Prasad, Balendu Shekher Giri, Ram Sharan Singh. Temperature control of fermentation bioreactor for ethanol production using IMC-PID controller. Biotechnology Reports. 2019; 22 ():e00319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Munna Kumar; Durga Prasad; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ram Sharan Singh. 2019. "Temperature control of fermentation bioreactor for ethanol production using IMC-PID controller." Biotechnology Reports 22, no. : e00319.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2019 in Environmental Research
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Bacterial species for metabolizing dye molecules were isolated from dye rich water bodies. The best microbial species for such an application was selected amongst the isolated bacterial populations by conducting methylene blue (MB) batch degradation studies with the bacterial strains using NaCl-yeast as a nutrient medium. The most suitable bacterial species was Alcaligenes faecalis (A. faecalis) according to 16 S rDNA sequencing. Process parameters were optimized and under the optimum conditions (e.g., inoculum size of 3 mL, temperature of 30 °C, 150 ppm, and time of 5 days), 96.2% of MB was removed. Furthermore, the effectiveness for the separation of MB combining bio-film with biochar was measured by a bio-sorption method in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) in which microbes was immobilized. The maximum MB removal efficiencies, when tested with 50 ppm dye using batch reactors containing free A. faecalis cells and the same cells immobilized on the biochar surface, were found to be 81.5 and 89.1%, respectively. The PBBR operated in continuous recycle mode at high dye concentration of 500 ppm provided 87.0% removal of MB through second-order kinetics over 10 days. The % removal was found in the order of PBBR>Immobilized batch>Free cell. The standalone biochar batch adsorption of MB can be described well by the pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.978), indicating the major contribution of electron exchange-based valence forces in the sorption of MB onto the biochar surface. The Langmuir isotherm suggested a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 4.69 mg g-1 at 40 °C which was very close to experimentally calculated value (4.97 mg g-1). Moreover, the Casuarina seed biochar was reusable 5 times.

ACS Style

Vikash Bharti; Kumar Vikrant; Mandavi Goswami; Himanshu Tiwari; Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Jechan Lee; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Ki-Hyun Kim; Mohd Saeed; Sunil Kumar; Birendra Nath Rai; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ram Sharan Singh. Biodegradation of methylene blue dye in a batch and continuous mode using biochar as packing media. Environmental Research 2019, 171, 356 -364.

AMA Style

Vikash Bharti, Kumar Vikrant, Mandavi Goswami, Himanshu Tiwari, Ravi Kumar Sonwani, Jechan Lee, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Ki-Hyun Kim, Mohd Saeed, Sunil Kumar, Birendra Nath Rai, Balendu Shekher Giri, Ram Sharan Singh. Biodegradation of methylene blue dye in a batch and continuous mode using biochar as packing media. Environmental Research. 2019; 171 ():356-364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vikash Bharti; Kumar Vikrant; Mandavi Goswami; Himanshu Tiwari; Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Jechan Lee; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Ki-Hyun Kim; Mohd Saeed; Sunil Kumar; Birendra Nath Rai; Balendu Shekher Giri; Ram Sharan Singh. 2019. "Biodegradation of methylene blue dye in a batch and continuous mode using biochar as packing media." Environmental Research 171, no. : 356-364.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2018 in Process Biochemistry
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The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the external mass transfer on fluorene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) degradation with immobilized LDPE (low-density polyethylene) in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR). A most effective bacterial species Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 (MF9921912) was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil and immobilized on LDPE. The effect of different flow rates (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL/h) on the degradation of fluorene was studied in a continuous PBBR. The overall removal efficiency of fluorene was found to be 88.49% in PBBR. The rate constants were estimated at different flow rates. The effect of flow rates on external mass transfer was also studied and correlated with the obtained experimental data. A correlation between Reynolds number (NRe) and Colburn factor (JD) (JD=KNRe(n-1)) was used to study the mass transfer aspects. The model was tested with various values of K, and n and based on experimental data, a new correlation JD=5.71NRe-0.2 was obtained to predict the removal of fluorene in PBBR. The intermediate metabolites of the degraded sample were also analyzed by GC-MS and found that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and catechol were formed during the biodegradation process.

ACS Style

R.K. Sonwani; B.S. Giri; T. Das; R.S. Singh; B.N. Rai. Biodegradation of fluorene by neoteric LDPE immobilized Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 in a packed bed bioreactor and analysis of external mass transfer correlation. Process Biochemistry 2018, 77, 106 -112.

AMA Style

R.K. Sonwani, B.S. Giri, T. Das, R.S. Singh, B.N. Rai. Biodegradation of fluorene by neoteric LDPE immobilized Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 in a packed bed bioreactor and analysis of external mass transfer correlation. Process Biochemistry. 2018; 77 ():106-112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R.K. Sonwani; B.S. Giri; T. Das; R.S. Singh; B.N. Rai. 2018. "Biodegradation of fluorene by neoteric LDPE immobilized Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 in a packed bed bioreactor and analysis of external mass transfer correlation." Process Biochemistry 77, no. : 106-112.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2018 in Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua
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Microporous activated carbon was prepared from almond shell powder and activated with H3PO4 and was used for the removal of Cr (VI). The characterization of activated carbon was done for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement and elemental analysis. The batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial chromium concentration and temperature on removal of Cr (VI). The Cr (VI) removal was found to be 100% at an initial pH of 2. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of Cr (VI) on the adsorbent were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted better and values of model parameters qm, b, R2 and RL were found to be 195, 0.024, 0.98 and 0.45, respectively. Adsorption kinetics was analyzed for the pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion situations. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneous, endothermic and increased randomness nature of the adsorption process. The values of Δ H° and Δ S° were found to be 22.9 KJ/mol and 95.3 J/mol-K.

ACS Style

M. K. Rai; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Y. Nath; H. Bajaj; S. Soni; R. P. Singh; B N Rai. Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from almond shell: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics study. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua 2018, 67, 724 -737.

AMA Style

M. K. Rai, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Y. Nath, H. Bajaj, S. Soni, R. P. Singh, B N Rai. Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from almond shell: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics study. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua. 2018; 67 (8):724-737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. K. Rai; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Y. Nath; H. Bajaj; S. Soni; R. P. Singh; B N Rai. 2018. "Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from almond shell: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics study." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua 67, no. 8: 724-737.

Journals
Published: 14 August 2018 in New Journal of Chemistry
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In the present study, we focused on the synthesis of biodiesel fromPseudomonas cepacia, crude karanja oil by the process of enzymatic transesterification using bio-support materials, such as lipase immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol/AlgNa.

ACS Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; B. S. Giri; Bhawna Verma. Characterization and compositional analysis of highly acidic karanja oil and its potential feedstock for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel. New Journal of Chemistry 2018, 42, 15593 -15602.

AMA Style

Dilip Kumar, Tapas Das, B. S. Giri, Bhawna Verma. Characterization and compositional analysis of highly acidic karanja oil and its potential feedstock for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel. New Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 42 (19):15593-15602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dilip Kumar; Tapas Das; B. S. Giri; Bhawna Verma. 2018. "Characterization and compositional analysis of highly acidic karanja oil and its potential feedstock for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 19: 15593-15602.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2018 in Sustainability
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The prospective utilization of bael shell (Aegle marmelos) as an agro-waste for the production of biochar was investigated along with its characterization and application for the abatement of hazardous aqueous Patent Blue (PB) dye solution. The sorptive removal of PB on bael shell biochar (BSB) was investigated under the following operational conditions: (pH, 2.7–10.4; biochar dosage, 2–12 g/L; and contact time, 0–60 min). The removal efficiency of PB by BSB in a batch adsorption experiment was 74% (pH 2.7 and 30 ± 5 °C). In addition, a clear relationship between the adsorption and pH of the solution was noticed and the proposed material recorded a maximum sorption capacity of 3.7 mg/g at a pH of 2.7. The adsorption of PB onto BSB was best explained by the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.972), thereby asserting the predominant role of chemisorption. The active role of multiple surface-active functionalities present on BSB during PB sorption was elucidated with the help of Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.968). Further, an adsorption mechanism was proposed by utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

ACS Style

Kangkan Roy; Kapil Verma; Kumar Vikrant; Mandavi Goswami; Ravi Sonwani; Birendra Rai; Kowsalya Vellingiri; Ki-Hyun Kim; Balendu Giri; Ram Singh. Removal of Patent Blue (V) Dye Using Indian Bael Shell Biochar: Characterization, Application and Kinetic Studies. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2669 .

AMA Style

Kangkan Roy, Kapil Verma, Kumar Vikrant, Mandavi Goswami, Ravi Sonwani, Birendra Rai, Kowsalya Vellingiri, Ki-Hyun Kim, Balendu Giri, Ram Singh. Removal of Patent Blue (V) Dye Using Indian Bael Shell Biochar: Characterization, Application and Kinetic Studies. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kangkan Roy; Kapil Verma; Kumar Vikrant; Mandavi Goswami; Ravi Sonwani; Birendra Rai; Kowsalya Vellingiri; Ki-Hyun Kim; Balendu Giri; Ram Singh. 2018. "Removal of Patent Blue (V) Dye Using Indian Bael Shell Biochar: Characterization, Application and Kinetic Studies." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2669.