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Drought stress is reducing the production of crops globally. This research was designed to evaluate the role of titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) nanoparticles and calcium phosphate on wheat facing drought stress. TiO2 NPs were prepared by green synthesis and their characterization (by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)) was also done. The results showed that TiO2 NPs worked efficiently and improved plant growth under drought. However, the best results were obtained from combined applications of 40 ppm TiO2 NPs and 40 ppm calcium phosphate on plants. They increased root length (33%), shoot length (53%), fresh weight (48%), and dry weight (44%) of wheat as compared to control. The physiological parameters including chlorophyll content, relative water content, membrane stability index, and osmolyte content (proline and sugar) were also improved. The increase in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and, catalase activity by the combined application of TiO2 NPs and calcium phosphate was 83% and 78%, 74% and 52%, 81%, and 67% in Pakistan-13 and Zincol-16 respectively, as compared to untreated drought exposed plants. They also enhanced the nutrients uptake (including potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen) that ultimately improved plant biomass. They also maintained the level of growth hormones in plants. These hormones regulate cellular processes and are responsible for germination, development, and plant reaction in drought stress. The increase in the yield was also significant, hence it is recommended that the 40 ppm concentration of TiO2 NPs along with calcium phosphate improves the productivity of wheat under drought stress.
Hina Mustafa; Noshin Ilyas; Nosheen Akhtar; Naveed Iqbal Raja; Tayyaba Zainab; Tariq Shah; Ajaz Ahmad; Parvaiz Ahmad. Biosynthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its effects along with calcium phosphate on physicochemical attributes of wheat under drought stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 223, 112519 .
AMA StyleHina Mustafa, Noshin Ilyas, Nosheen Akhtar, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Tayyaba Zainab, Tariq Shah, Ajaz Ahmad, Parvaiz Ahmad. Biosynthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its effects along with calcium phosphate on physicochemical attributes of wheat under drought stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 223 ():112519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHina Mustafa; Noshin Ilyas; Nosheen Akhtar; Naveed Iqbal Raja; Tayyaba Zainab; Tariq Shah; Ajaz Ahmad; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Biosynthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its effects along with calcium phosphate on physicochemical attributes of wheat under drought stress." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 223, no. : 112519.
The principal intent of the investigation was to examine the influence of joint application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 10 μM) and a nitric oxide–donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μM) to wheat plants grown under cadmium (Cd as CdCl2, 100 μM) stress. Cd stress suppressed plant growth, chlorophylls (Chl), and PSII maximum efficiency (F v /F m ), but it elevated leaf and root Cd, and contents of leaf proline, phytochelatins, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the activity of lipoxygenase. MeJA and SNP applied jointly or singly improved the concentrations of key antioxidant biomolecules, e.g., reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid and the activities of the key oxidative defense system enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. Exogenously applied MeJA and SNP jointly or singly also improved nitrogen metabolism by activating the activities of glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and nitrate and nitrite reductases. Compared with individual application of MeJA or SNP, the combined application of both showed better effect in terms of improving plant growth and key metabolic processes and reducing tissue Cd content, suggesting a putative interactive role of both compounds in alleviating Cd toxicity in wheat plants. Main findings The main findings are that exogenous application of methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide–donor sodium nitroprusside alleviated the cadmium (Cd)–induced adverse effects on growth of wheat plants grown under Cd by modulating key physiological processes and up-regulating enzymatic antioxidants and the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle–related enzymes.
Cengiz Kaya; Ferhat Ugurlar; Muhammad Ashraf; Ahmed Noureldeen; Hadeer Darwish; Parvaiz Ahmad. Methyl Jasmonate and Sodium Nitroprusside Jointly Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants by Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism, Cadmium Detoxification, and AsA–GSH Cycle. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleCengiz Kaya, Ferhat Ugurlar, Muhammad Ashraf, Ahmed Noureldeen, Hadeer Darwish, Parvaiz Ahmad. Methyl Jasmonate and Sodium Nitroprusside Jointly Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants by Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism, Cadmium Detoxification, and AsA–GSH Cycle. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCengiz Kaya; Ferhat Ugurlar; Muhammad Ashraf; Ahmed Noureldeen; Hadeer Darwish; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Methyl Jasmonate and Sodium Nitroprusside Jointly Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants by Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism, Cadmium Detoxification, and AsA–GSH Cycle." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 1.
Cadmium (Cd) is predominantly observed within the soil to cause deterioration of plant and microbial activities within rhizosphere. Cd-toxicity leads to major agricultural constraints due to its accumulation within plants and therefore entry within food chain. Plants face numerous repercussions like stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, inhibition of photosynthetic machinery and other physiological and biological activities. Utilization of microbial inoculants for Cd-stress tolerance from plants is lucrative for agricultural practices in order to enhance their productivity and yield. The presence of microorganisms in rhizosphere is of utmost importance as they interact with plants in direct and indirect ways through signalling mechanisms. They are quintessential in improving nutrient uptake and reducing ill effects of metal ions through detoxification, transformation and secreting certain volatile organic compounds that inhibit survival of pathogens near plants. The rhizobacteria possess plant growth-promoting characteristics in terms of improved enzyme activities, nitrogen fixation and phytohormones (Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase etc.), siderophores and chelating agents. Furthermore, microbes are acquired with specific mechanisms against metal ions such as efflux, immobilization, stabilization, complexation, volatilization, sequestration and detoxification of different Cd-ions. Therefore, descriptive understanding of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) favours their exploration as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture through successful commercialization of strains.
Kanika Khanna; Puja Ohri; Renu Bhardwaj; Parvaiz Ahmad. Unsnarling Plausible Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Mitigating Cd-Toxicity from Plants: An Environmental Safety Aspect. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 1 -29.
AMA StyleKanika Khanna, Puja Ohri, Renu Bhardwaj, Parvaiz Ahmad. Unsnarling Plausible Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Mitigating Cd-Toxicity from Plants: An Environmental Safety Aspect. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; ():1-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanika Khanna; Puja Ohri; Renu Bhardwaj; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Unsnarling Plausible Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Mitigating Cd-Toxicity from Plants: An Environmental Safety Aspect." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , no. : 1-29.
The application of 10 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for the protection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) photosystem II (PS II) against heat stress (HS) was studied. Heat stress was induced at 42 °C to established plants, which were then recovered at 25 °C and monitored during their growth for the study duration. Application of MeJA resulted in increased enzymatic antioxidant activity that reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency. Exogenous MeJA had a beneficial effect on chlorophyll fluorescence under HS and enhanced the pigment system (PS) II system, as observed in a JIP-test, a new tool for chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve. Exogenous MeJA improved the quantum yield of electron transport (ETo/CS) as well as electron transport flux for each reaction center (ET0/RC). However, the specific energy fluxes per reaction center (RC), i.e., TR0/RC (trapping) and DI0/RC (dissipation), were reduced by MeJA. These results indicate that MeJA affects the efficiency of PS II by stabilizing the D1 protein, increasing its abundance, and enhancing the expression of the psbA and psbB genes under HS, which encode proteins of the PS II core RC complex. Thus, MeJA is a potential tool to protect PS II and D1 protein in wheat plants under HS and to accelerate the recovery of the photosynthetic capacity.
Mehar Fatma; NoushinA Iqbal; Zebus Sehar; Mohammed Alyemeni; Prashant Kaushik; Nafees Khan; Parvaiz Ahmad. Methyl Jasmonate Protects the PS II System by Maintaining the Stability of Chloroplast D1 Protein and Accelerating Enzymatic Antioxidants in Heat-Stressed Wheat Plants. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1216 .
AMA StyleMehar Fatma, NoushinA Iqbal, Zebus Sehar, Mohammed Alyemeni, Prashant Kaushik, Nafees Khan, Parvaiz Ahmad. Methyl Jasmonate Protects the PS II System by Maintaining the Stability of Chloroplast D1 Protein and Accelerating Enzymatic Antioxidants in Heat-Stressed Wheat Plants. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehar Fatma; NoushinA Iqbal; Zebus Sehar; Mohammed Alyemeni; Prashant Kaushik; Nafees Khan; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Methyl Jasmonate Protects the PS II System by Maintaining the Stability of Chloroplast D1 Protein and Accelerating Enzymatic Antioxidants in Heat-Stressed Wheat Plants." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1216.
Among the heavy metal pollutants, Cr (VI) is very toxic to plants because of its mobile nature. Silicon (Si) is a metalloid and is reported to ease the negative effects of heavy metal stress in plants. Thus, the current study was conducted to examine the influence of chromium (Cr) toxicity and the mitigating role of silicon (Si) in tomato plants. Chromium toxicity induced high accumulation of Cr in roots and shoots, thereby decreasing plant growth and biomass yield. Silicon supplementation enhanced the afore-mentioned parameters except Cr accumulation. Silicon also enhanced the translocation factor, total chlorophyll, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, Φexc and qp but at the same time it decreased NPQ in Cr-stressed plants. The gaseous exchange and relative water content (LRWC) of leaf were improved by Si, that were initially decreased by Cr noxiousness. Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL) increased with Cr toxicity, but were reduced with Si application. Cr toxicity boosts the enzyme concentration, and Si supplementation thereafter increased the activities of the enzymes as well as metabolite cycle (Asc–Glu). Chromium stress increased methylglyoxal (MG) by 116.87%, which was reduced by Si supplementation. Silicon increased GlyI (EC: 4.4.1.5) and GlyII (EC: 3.1.2.6) thereby making the glyoxalase system more active for providing tolerance to tomato plants. In conclusion, Cr toxicity triggers detrimental effect on plant growth and physio-biochemical processes. However, Si supplementation reversed partially the Cr toxicity by modulating the levels of osmoprotectants, antioxidant enzyme activities, Asc–Glu cycle and the glyoxalase system.
Pravej Alam; Thamer H. Balawi; Fahad H. Altalayan; Ashraf Atef Hatamleh; Muhammad Ashraf; Parvaiz Ahmad. Silicon attenuates the negative effects of chromium stress in tomato plants by modifying antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate–glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2021, 43, 1 -17.
AMA StylePravej Alam, Thamer H. Balawi, Fahad H. Altalayan, Ashraf Atef Hatamleh, Muhammad Ashraf, Parvaiz Ahmad. Silicon attenuates the negative effects of chromium stress in tomato plants by modifying antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate–glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2021; 43 (7):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StylePravej Alam; Thamer H. Balawi; Fahad H. Altalayan; Ashraf Atef Hatamleh; Muhammad Ashraf; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Silicon attenuates the negative effects of chromium stress in tomato plants by modifying antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate–glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 43, no. 7: 1-17.
Nanotechnology is an avant-garde field of scientific research that revolutionizes technological advancements in the present world. It is a cutting-edge scientific approach that has undoubtedly a plethora of functions in controlling environmental pollutants for the welfare of the ecosystem. However, their unprecedented utilization and hysterical release led to a huge threat to the soil microbiome. Nanoparticles(NPs) hamper physicochemical properties of soil along with microbial metabolic activities within rhizospheric soils.Here in this review shed light on concentric aspects of NP-biosynthesis, types, toxicity mechanisms, accumulation within the ecosystem. However, the accrual of tiny NPs into the soil system has dramatically influenced rhizospheric activities in terms of soil properties and biogeochemical cycles. We have focussed on mechanistic pathways engrossed by microbes to deal with NPs.Also, we have elaborated the fate and behavior of NPs within soils. Besides, a piece of very scarce information on NPs-toxicity towards environment and rhizosphere communities is available. Therefore, the present review highlights ecological perspectives of nanotechnology and solutions to such implications. We have comprehend certain strategies such as avant-garde engineering methods, sustainable procedures for NP synthesis along with vatious regulatory actions to manage NP within environment. Moreover, we have devised risk management sustainable and novel strategies to utilize it in a rationalized and integrated manner. With this background, we can develop a comprehensive plan about NPs with novel insights to understand the resistance and toxicity mechanisms of NPs towards microbes. Henceforth, the orientation towards these issues would enhance the understanding of researchers for proper recommendation and promotion of nanotechnology in an optimized and sustainable manner.
Kanika Khanna; Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli; Neha Handa; Harsimran Kaur; Puja Ohri; Renu Bhardwaj; Balal Yousaf; Jörg Rinklebe; Parvaiz Ahmad. Enthralling the impact of engineered nanoparticles on soil microbiome: A concentric approach towards environmental risks and cogitation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 222, 112459 .
AMA StyleKanika Khanna, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Neha Handa, Harsimran Kaur, Puja Ohri, Renu Bhardwaj, Balal Yousaf, Jörg Rinklebe, Parvaiz Ahmad. Enthralling the impact of engineered nanoparticles on soil microbiome: A concentric approach towards environmental risks and cogitation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 222 ():112459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanika Khanna; Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli; Neha Handa; Harsimran Kaur; Puja Ohri; Renu Bhardwaj; Balal Yousaf; Jörg Rinklebe; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Enthralling the impact of engineered nanoparticles on soil microbiome: A concentric approach towards environmental risks and cogitation." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 222, no. : 112459.
Cadmium (Cd) is a trace element causing severe toxicity symptoms in plants, besides posing hazardous fitness issue due to its buildup in the human body through food chain. Nanoparticles (NPs) are recently employed as a novel strategy to directly ameliorate the Cd stress and acted as nano-fertilizers. The intend of the current study was to explore the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs; 50 mg/L) on plant growth, photosynthetic activity, elemental status and antioxidant activity in Oryza sativa (rice) under Cd (0.8 mM) stress. To this end, the rice plants are treated by Cd stress at 15 days after sowing (DAS), and the treatment was given directly into the soil. Supply of ZnO-NPs as foliar spray was given for five consecutive days from 30 to 35 DAS, and sampling was done at 45 DAS. However, rice plants supplemented with ZnO-NPs under the Cd toxicity revealed significantly increased shoot length (SL; 34.0%), root fresh weight (RFW; 30.0%), shoot dry weight (SDW; 23.07%), and root dry weight (RDW; 12.24%). Moreover, the ZnO-NPs supplement has also positive effects on photosynthesis related parameters, SPAD value (40%), chloroplast structure, and qualitatively high fluorescence observed by confocal microscopy even under Cd stress. ZnO-NPs also substantially prevented the increases of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) triggered by Cd. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that ZnO-NPs increased enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; 59%), catalase (CAT; 52%), and proline (17%) that metabolize reactive oxygen species (ROS); these increases coincided with the changes observed in the H2O2 and MDA accumulation after ZnO-NPs application. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs application to foliage has great efficiency to improve biomass, photosynthesis, protein, antioxidant enzymes activity, mineral nutrient contents and reducing Cd levels in rice. This can be attributed mainly from reduced oxidative damage resulted due to the ZnO-NPs application.
Mohammad Faizan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Kamel Hessini; Fangyuan Yu; Parvaiz Ahmad. Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviates the adverse effects of cadmium stress on Oryza sativa via modulation of the photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 220, 112401 .
AMA StyleMohammad Faizan, Javaid Akhter Bhat, Kamel Hessini, Fangyuan Yu, Parvaiz Ahmad. Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviates the adverse effects of cadmium stress on Oryza sativa via modulation of the photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 220 ():112401.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Faizan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Kamel Hessini; Fangyuan Yu; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviates the adverse effects of cadmium stress on Oryza sativa via modulation of the photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 220, no. : 112401.
Salinity has been observed to be a global problem that impede the physiological characteristics of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) as a phytohormone play multifaceted role in plants in terms of development as well as stress management. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity and salicylic acid on the performance of wheat and barley plants under field experimentation followed by on-farm study to validate the results. This research was firstly conducted in a 4-year research barley field (2012–2013 and 2013–2014) and wheat (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) and subsequently in an on-farm research in four places (2017–2018). Results depicted that salinity decreased plant yield components and altered ion concentrations (Na+/K+) causing reduced grain and biological yield. However, SA foliar application induced yield components, especially grain number of plants in both years in non-saline and saline conditions. Exogenously SA application not only led to higher grain yield of barley and wheat but also significantly improved their salt tolerance. Our findings revealed that optimum SA concentrations for achieving highest barley yield were 0.85 and 0.78 mM under saline and non-saline conditions, respectively, while on-farm scale studies observed that foliar application of SA increased grain and biological yield of wheat in Ardakan, Ashkzar (saline soil and water) and Mehrabad (non-saline field) regions. There was no significant effect in Tijerd, a completely non-saline field. The grain yields were higher in SA-treated Ardakan, Ashkzar, and Mehrabad plants in field by 19, 16, and 15%, respectively. Based on present detailed studies, it was concluded that SA improved salinity tolerance and increased crop yield. So, optimum concentration (1.0–1.5 mM) with proper time application (double ridges), SA increased wheat and barley yields up to 20%. Therefore, SA priming could be used as a potent strategy to cope up salinity stress from plants.
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh; Gholamhassan Ranjbar; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Kanika Khanna; Renu Bhardwaj; Parvaiz Ahmad. Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Wheat and Barley Plants in Deferring Salinity Stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleHadi Pirasteh-Anosheh, Gholamhassan Ranjbar, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kanika Khanna, Renu Bhardwaj, Parvaiz Ahmad. Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Wheat and Barley Plants in Deferring Salinity Stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHadi Pirasteh-Anosheh; Gholamhassan Ranjbar; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Kanika Khanna; Renu Bhardwaj; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Wheat and Barley Plants in Deferring Salinity Stress." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , no. : 1-13.
Predicted changes in climate, with more severe droughts and more extreme weather variability, are gaining considerable attention from stakeholders because of the already stressed and seriously challenging agricultural ecosystems of the contemporary world. One of the greatest challenges faced by these unique ecosystems due to climate change is drought stress, which affects plant growth, development and metabolic processes, thus reducing production, yield and quality of crop plants. Plants counter to this stress by employing complex mechanisms through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. Among the myriad of stress tolerance mechanisms, the positive effects of Si on water status of plants have been widely appreciated. Here, we review the potential of Si supplementation in alleviating drought stress and highlight the imported mechanisms involved in Si mediated reduction of drought stress in plants. Si fertilization not only enhances the photosynthetic pigments, growth, biomass, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, osmolyte concentrations and nutrient uptake but also improves crop production, yield and grain quality during drought stress. In addition, it provides insights on important mechanisms involved in the modification of gas exchange attributes, gene modification, nutritional homeostasis, control synthesis of compatible solutes, osmotic adjustment and stimulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future research prospects to understand Si mediated role in alleviating drought stress.
Mushtaq Ahmad Malik; Abid Hussain Wani; Showkat Hamid Mir; Ishfaq Ul Rehman; Inayatullah Tahir; Parvaiz Ahmad; Irfan Rashid. Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 165, 187 -195.
AMA StyleMushtaq Ahmad Malik, Abid Hussain Wani, Showkat Hamid Mir, Ishfaq Ul Rehman, Inayatullah Tahir, Parvaiz Ahmad, Irfan Rashid. Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 165 ():187-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMushtaq Ahmad Malik; Abid Hussain Wani; Showkat Hamid Mir; Ishfaq Ul Rehman; Inayatullah Tahir; Parvaiz Ahmad; Irfan Rashid. 2021. "Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 165, no. : 187-195.
Salinity is a key devastating abiotic factor that hinders the development and yield of safflower. The sole and combined application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and a biofertilizer (BF) to improve salt tolerance in safflower has not been thoroughly explored. The response of safflower plants in a pot experiment to the foliar spray of ZnO-NPs alone and in combination with a BF was thus detected. We determined that a ZnO-NP concentration of 17 mg/L was sufficient to protect safflower against salinity (250 mM NaCl) by increasing the plant productivity, percent water content, and osmolyte levels. Coapplication of ZnO-NPs and Phytoguard protected safflower plants from salinity stress by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the levels of proline (leaves (61%) and roots (63%)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (leaves (54%) and roots (65%)). Under salt stress, the Na+ content increased, while seed coating with biofertilizer and ZnO-NP spray significantly decreased the Na+ concentration (74% in leaves and 60% in roots). For the K+ concentration, however, antagonistic outcomes were observed. Additionally, the combined treatment significantly enhanced agronomic parameters such as the number of leaves and pods per plant, capitulum weight, and the number of yellow and wilted leaves per plant under salinity stress. Thus, ZnO-NPs could be an effective bio-source for the protection of safflower plants under salinity stress. Our findings showed that in the combined treatment of ZnO-NPs and biofertilizer, the salinity tolerance was more pronounced than in the single treatment and untreated control. A thorough analysis at the molecular level, however, is still required to understand the mechanism by which ZnO-NPs and BF in safflower plants alleviate salt stress.
Humaira Yasmin; Javeria Mazher; Ammar Azmat; Asia Nosheen; Rabia Naz; Muhammad Nadeem Hassan; Ahmed Noureldeen; Parvaiz Ahmad. Combined application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biofertilizer to induce salt resistance in safflower by regulating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 218, 112262 .
AMA StyleHumaira Yasmin, Javeria Mazher, Ammar Azmat, Asia Nosheen, Rabia Naz, Muhammad Nadeem Hassan, Ahmed Noureldeen, Parvaiz Ahmad. Combined application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biofertilizer to induce salt resistance in safflower by regulating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 218 ():112262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHumaira Yasmin; Javeria Mazher; Ammar Azmat; Asia Nosheen; Rabia Naz; Muhammad Nadeem Hassan; Ahmed Noureldeen; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Combined application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biofertilizer to induce salt resistance in safflower by regulating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 218, no. : 112262.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as potential agents for plants to ameliorate abiotic stresses by acting as nano-fertilizers. In this regard, the influence of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on plant responses to copper (Cu) stress has been poorly understood. Hence, the present study was executed to explore the role of ZnO-NPs (foliar) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL; root dipping) individually or in combined form in the resilience of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant to Cu stress. Tomato seeds were sown to make the nursery; and at 20 days after sowing (DAS) the plantlets were submerged in 10−8 M of EBL solution for 2 h, and subsequently transplanted in the soil-filled earthen pots. Cu concentration (100 mg kg−1) was applied to the soil at 30 DAS, whereas at 35 DAS plants were sprinkled with double distilled water (DDW; control), 50 mg/L of Zinc (Zn) and 50 mg/L of ZnO-NPs; and plant performance were evaluated at 45 DAS. It was evident that Cu-stress reduced photosynthesis (17.3%), stomatal conductance (18.1%), plant height (19.7%), and nitrate reductase (NR) activity (19.2%), but increased malondialdehyde (MDA; 29.4%), superoxide radical (O2-; 22.3%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 26.2%) content in S. lycopersicum. Moreover, ZnO-NPs and/or EBL implemented via different modes improved photosynthetic activity, stomatal aperture, growth, cell viability and activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline that augmented resilience of tomato plants to Cu stress. These observations depicted that application of ZnO-NPs and EBL could be a useful approach to assist Cu confiscation and stress tolerance against Cu in tomato plants grown in Cu contaminated sites.
Mohammad Faizan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Ahmed Noureldeen; Parvaiz Ahmad; Fangyuan Yu. Zinc oxide nanoparticles and 24-epibrassinolide alleviates Cu toxicity in tomato by regulating ROS scavenging, stomatal movement and photosynthesis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 218, 112293 .
AMA StyleMohammad Faizan, Javaid Akhter Bhat, Ahmed Noureldeen, Parvaiz Ahmad, Fangyuan Yu. Zinc oxide nanoparticles and 24-epibrassinolide alleviates Cu toxicity in tomato by regulating ROS scavenging, stomatal movement and photosynthesis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 218 ():112293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Faizan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Ahmed Noureldeen; Parvaiz Ahmad; Fangyuan Yu. 2021. "Zinc oxide nanoparticles and 24-epibrassinolide alleviates Cu toxicity in tomato by regulating ROS scavenging, stomatal movement and photosynthesis." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 218, no. : 112293.
Nickel release from anthropogenic and natural sources into the environment has resulted in biomagnification in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we studied the biotransfer and toxicokinetics of nickel (Ni) along the soil < faba bean < aphid-ladybird food chain. The soil was spiked with the following Ni concentrations (in mg kg−1 soil ww); T0 (0), T1 (25), T2 (50), T3 (75), and T4 (100). Our results revealed a significant elevation of Ni transfer with increasing Ni doses. The transfer coefficients (TC) indicate Ni biomagnified in soil to root and shoot to aphid >1 while the TC of the biominimisation of Ni in the aphid to ladybird was <1. The Ni removal from aphids through honeydew (excreta) and pupal exuviae during metamorphosis suggests a possible detoxification mechanism operating at two distinctive trophic levels, controlling the bioaccumulation of Ni along the examined food chain. Such toxicokinetics is not reported elsewhere and emphasize the need for future studies aiming to elaborate the possible mechanisms, potential components and physiological pathways associated with the bioaccumulation of Ni across food chains of the ecosystem.
Mohd Irfan Naikoo; Fareed Ahmad Khan; Ahmed Noureldeen; Jörg Rinklebe; Christian Sonne; Nishanta Rajakaruna; Parvaiz Ahmad. Biotransfer, bioaccumulation and detoxification of nickel along the soil - faba bean - aphid - ladybird food chain. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 785, 147226 .
AMA StyleMohd Irfan Naikoo, Fareed Ahmad Khan, Ahmed Noureldeen, Jörg Rinklebe, Christian Sonne, Nishanta Rajakaruna, Parvaiz Ahmad. Biotransfer, bioaccumulation and detoxification of nickel along the soil - faba bean - aphid - ladybird food chain. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 785 ():147226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Irfan Naikoo; Fareed Ahmad Khan; Ahmed Noureldeen; Jörg Rinklebe; Christian Sonne; Nishanta Rajakaruna; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Biotransfer, bioaccumulation and detoxification of nickel along the soil - faba bean - aphid - ladybird food chain." Science of The Total Environment 785, no. : 147226.
Cadmium is a highly mobile toxic heavy metal and a serious hazard to the biosphere. We studied uptake, accumulation and elimination of cadmium in a soil - faba bean - aphid - ladybird food chain. The soil in the study was amended with Cd at concentrations 0, 5, 10, 20 and, 30 mg kg−1 (w/w). We noted significant Cd transfer in a dose-dependent manner. Cadmium biomagnified in faba bean roots and aphids while biominimized in ladybirds as revealed by their respective transfer coefficients. The concentration-dependent removal of Cd from aphids through excretion via honeydew as well as through pupal exuviae of ladybirds during metamorphosis links to possible mechanisms of Cd detoxification at these trophic levels, which regulates the bioaccumulation of Cd along the food chain. These findings press for the advance studies to find and understand the physiological pathways and mechanisms leading to bio-minimization of Cd across the food chain.
Mohd Irfan Naikoo; Fariha Raghib; Mudasir Irfan Dar; Fareed Ahmad Khan; Kamel Hessini; Parvaiz Ahmad. Uptake, accumulation and elimination of cadmium in a soil - Faba bean (Vicia faba) - Aphid (Aphis fabae) - Ladybird (Coccinella transversalis) food chain. Chemosphere 2021, 279, 130522 .
AMA StyleMohd Irfan Naikoo, Fariha Raghib, Mudasir Irfan Dar, Fareed Ahmad Khan, Kamel Hessini, Parvaiz Ahmad. Uptake, accumulation and elimination of cadmium in a soil - Faba bean (Vicia faba) - Aphid (Aphis fabae) - Ladybird (Coccinella transversalis) food chain. Chemosphere. 2021; 279 ():130522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohd Irfan Naikoo; Fariha Raghib; Mudasir Irfan Dar; Fareed Ahmad Khan; Kamel Hessini; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Uptake, accumulation and elimination of cadmium in a soil - Faba bean (Vicia faba) - Aphid (Aphis fabae) - Ladybird (Coccinella transversalis) food chain." Chemosphere 279, no. : 130522.
Maize is a low-temperature (LT)-sensitive plant and its physiological responses towards LT of temperate regions developed is an adaptive trait. To further our understanding about the response of maize to LT at the physiological and photosynthesis level, we conducted Infrared Gas Analysis (IRGA using LICOR6400-XT in 45-day-old grown two maize genotypes, one from temperate region (Gurez-Kashmir Himalayas), viz., Gurez local (Gz local), and another from tropics (Gujarat), viz., GM6. This study was carried out to evaluate the underlying physiological mechanisms in the two differentially temperature-tolerant maize genotypes. Net photosynthetic rate (A/PN), 18.253 in Gz local and 25.587 (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) in GM6; leaf conductance (gs), 0.0102 in Gz local and 0.0566 (mmol H2O m−2 s−1) in GM6; transpiration rate (E), 0.5371 in Gz local and 2.9409 (mmol H2O m−2 s−1) in GM6; and water use efficiency (WUE), 33.9852 in Gz local and 8.7224 (µmol CO2 mmol H2O−1) in GM6, were recorded under ambient conditions. Also, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), 0.675 in Gz local and 0.705 in GM6; maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv′/Fm′), 0.310234 in Gz local and 0.401391 in GM6; photochemical quenching (qP), 0.2375 in Gz local and 0.2609 in GM6; non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), 2.0036 in Gz local and 1.1686 in GM6; effective yield of PSII (ФPSII), 0.0789 in Gz local and 0.099 in GM6; and electron transport rate (ETR), 55.3152 in Gz local and 68.112 in GM6, were also evaluated in addition to various response curves, like light intensities and temperature. We observed that light response curves show the saturation light intensity requirement of 1600 µmol for both the genotypes, whereas temperature response curves showed the optimum temperature requirement for Gz local as 20 °C and for GM6 it was found to be 35 °C. The results obtained for each individual parameter and other correlational studies indicate that IRGA forms a promising route for quick and reliable screening of various stress-tolerant valuable genotypes, forming the first study of its kind.
Salika Ramazan; Hilal Ahmad Bhat; Mohammad Arief Zargar; Parvaiz Ahmad; Riffat John. Combined gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and response curves as selection traits for temperature tolerance in maize genotypes. Photosynthesis Research 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleSalika Ramazan, Hilal Ahmad Bhat, Mohammad Arief Zargar, Parvaiz Ahmad, Riffat John. Combined gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and response curves as selection traits for temperature tolerance in maize genotypes. Photosynthesis Research. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalika Ramazan; Hilal Ahmad Bhat; Mohammad Arief Zargar; Parvaiz Ahmad; Riffat John. 2021. "Combined gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and response curves as selection traits for temperature tolerance in maize genotypes." Photosynthesis Research , no. : 1-13.
Massive production of carcinogenic fly ash waste poses severe threats to water bodies due to its disposal into drains and landfills. Fly ash can be a source of raw materials for the synthesis of adsorbents. Rag fly ash as a new class of raw materials could be a cheap source of Al and Si for the synthesis of Na-zeolites. In this work, NaOH activation, via a prefusion- and postfusion-based hydrothermal strategy, was practiced for the modification of rag fly ash into Na-zeolite. Morphology, surface porosity, chemical composition, functionality, mineral phases, and crystallinity, in conjunction with ion exchangeability of the tailored materials, were evaluated by SEM, ICP-OES, XRF, FTIR, XRD, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) techniques. Rag fly ash and the synthesized Na-zeolites were applied for the removal of Pb (II) from synthetic wastewater by varying the reaction conditions, such as initial metal ion concentration, mass of adsorbent, sorption time, and pH of the reaction medium. It was observed that Na-zeolite materials (1 g/100 mL) effectively removed up to 90–98% of Pb (II) ions from 100 mg/L synthetic solution within 30 min at pH ≈ 8. Freundlich adsorption isotherm favors the multilayer heterogeneous adsorption mechanism for the removal of Pb (II). It is reasonable to conclude that recycling of textile rag fly ash waste into value-added Na-zeolites for the treatment of industrial wastewater could be an emergent move toward achieving sustainable and green remediation.
Tabassum Hussain; Abdullah Hussain; Shahzad Chatha; Adnan Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Parvaiz Ahamd; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. Synthesis and Characterization of Na-Zeolites from Textile Waste Ash and Its Application for Removal of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3373 .
AMA StyleTabassum Hussain, Abdullah Hussain, Shahzad Chatha, Adnan Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Parvaiz Ahamd, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Alyemeni. Synthesis and Characterization of Na-Zeolites from Textile Waste Ash and Its Application for Removal of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTabassum Hussain; Abdullah Hussain; Shahzad Chatha; Adnan Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Parvaiz Ahamd; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of Na-Zeolites from Textile Waste Ash and Its Application for Removal of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3373.
Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant that negatively affects rice plants, causing damage to the root system and chloroplast structures, as well as reducing growth. 24-Epibrasnolide (EBR) is a plant growth regulator with a high capacity to modulate antioxidant metabolism. The objective of this research was to investigate whether exogenous EBR application can mitigate oxidative damage in Pb-stressed rice plants, measure anatomical structures and evaluate physiological and biochemical responses connected with redox metabolism. The experiment was randomized with four treatments, including two lead treatments (0 and 200 μM PbCl2, described as - Pb and + Pb, respectively) and two treatments with brassinosteroid (0 and 100 nM EBR, described as - EBR and + EBR, respectively). The results revealed that plants exposed to Pb suffered significant disturbances, but the EBR alleviated the negative interferences, as confirmed by the improvements in the root structures and antioxidant system. This steroid stimulated the root structures, increasing the epidermis thickness (26%) and aerenchyma area (50%), resulting in higher protection of this tissue against Pb2+ ions. Additionally, EBR promoted significant increases in superoxide dismutase (26%), catalase (24%), ascorbate peroxidase (54%) and peroxidase (63%) enzymes, reducing oxidative stress on the photosynthetic machinery in Pb-stressed plants. This research proved that EBR mitigates the toxic effects generated by Pb in rice plants.
Flávia Raphaela Carvalho Miranda Guedes; Camille Ferreira Maia; Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva; Bruno Lemos Batista; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad; Allan Klynger Da Silva Lobato. Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide stimulates root protection, and leaf antioxidant enzymes in lead stressed rice plants: Central roles to minimize Pb content and oxidative stress. Environmental Pollution 2021, 280, 116992 .
AMA StyleFlávia Raphaela Carvalho Miranda Guedes, Camille Ferreira Maia, Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva, Bruno Lemos Batista, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad, Allan Klynger Da Silva Lobato. Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide stimulates root protection, and leaf antioxidant enzymes in lead stressed rice plants: Central roles to minimize Pb content and oxidative stress. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 280 ():116992.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávia Raphaela Carvalho Miranda Guedes; Camille Ferreira Maia; Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva; Bruno Lemos Batista; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad; Allan Klynger Da Silva Lobato. 2021. "Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide stimulates root protection, and leaf antioxidant enzymes in lead stressed rice plants: Central roles to minimize Pb content and oxidative stress." Environmental Pollution 280, no. : 116992.
The modulatory effect of opera was investigated on the physiological and morphological aspects in soybean thriving in water stress environment. The data procured from current investigation indicated that water stress significantly declined the plant growth, leaf area in addition to photosynthetic efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and crop yield at various stages of growth such as vegetative (VS), flowering (FS) and pod filling stage (PFS). However, foliar application of opera (0.15%) was effective to enhance the the leaf area (42%), rate of photosynthesis (194%), and nitrate reductase activity (68%) at FS stage while the maximum enhancement in biomass accumulation (92%) and yield (119%) was observed at PFS stage as compared to their control plants. The opera is applied as foliar spray in field experiments to augment the assimilation of nitrogen and carbon in soybean which contributes to increased crop development and productivity under water stress conditions.
Mansi Kanungo; K.N. Guruprasad; Sunita Kataria; Gani Asa Dudin; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Foliar application of fungicide-opera alleviates negative impact of water stress in soybean plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 2626 -2633.
AMA StyleMansi Kanungo, K.N. Guruprasad, Sunita Kataria, Gani Asa Dudin, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Foliar application of fungicide-opera alleviates negative impact of water stress in soybean plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (5):2626-2633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMansi Kanungo; K.N. Guruprasad; Sunita Kataria; Gani Asa Dudin; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Foliar application of fungicide-opera alleviates negative impact of water stress in soybean plants." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 5: 2626-2633.
This study investigated the stress responses of cinnamic acid (CA) in pea plants and explored the protective role of spermidine (SPD) against CA-induced adverse effects. Pea seedlings exposed to CA had reduced length, biomass, moisture, chlorophyll, sugar, and protein contents and reduced nitrate reductase activity. These parameters increased when SPD was applied alone and in combination with CA. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were high in seedlings treated with CA but decreased when the SPD + CA treatment was applied. Foliar exposure to SPD partially mitigated CA-induced stress effects by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, which helped preserve the integrity of biochemical processes. These results indicate that SPD (1 mM) could mitigate the adverse effects of CA and enhance plant defense system. Hence, SPD can be used as a growth regulator for the maintenance of physiological functions in pea plants in response to the pernicious consequences of CA stress.
Riti Thapar Kapoor; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Exogenously applied spermidine confers protection against cinnamic acid-mediated oxidative stress in Pisum sativum. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 2619 -2625.
AMA StyleRiti Thapar Kapoor, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Exogenously applied spermidine confers protection against cinnamic acid-mediated oxidative stress in Pisum sativum. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (5):2619-2625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiti Thapar Kapoor; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "Exogenously applied spermidine confers protection against cinnamic acid-mediated oxidative stress in Pisum sativum." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 5: 2619-2625.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has been demonstrated to positively regulate plant tolerance to multiple environmental stresses. However, till date little information has been gained regarding the role of ZnO-NPs in the salt stress regulation in plants. Hence, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of ZnO-NPs in the regulation of salt tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In this regard, the tomato plants were subjected to salt stress by using NaCl (150 mM) at the time of transplantation [15 days after sowing (DAS)]. Foliar application of ZnO-NPs at different levels viz., 10, 50 and 100 mg/L in the presence/absence of NaCl (150 mM) was carried out at 25 DAS and sampling was done at 35 DAS. Results of our study revealed that foliar spray of ZnO-NPs significantly increased shoot length (SL) and root length (RL), biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes of tomato plants in the presence/absence of salt stress. Besides, the application of ZnO-NPs mitigates the negative impacts of salt stress on tomato growth, and enhanced protein content and antioxidative enzyme activity such as peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) under salt stress. In conclusion, the ZnO-NPs plays an important role in the alleviation of NaCl toxicity in tomato plants. Hence, the ZnO-NPs can be used to boost the growth performance and mitigate the adverse effects caused by NaCl in tomato.
Mohammad Faizan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Chen Chen; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya; Parvaiz Ahmad; Fangyuan Yu. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 161, 122 -130.
AMA StyleMohammad Faizan, Javaid Akhter Bhat, Chen Chen, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Leonard Wijaya, Parvaiz Ahmad, Fangyuan Yu. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 161 ():122-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Faizan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Chen Chen; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya; Parvaiz Ahmad; Fangyuan Yu. 2021. "Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 161, no. : 122-130.
The present work was conducted to assess the effects of arsenic (As, 1000 µM), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, 10 µM) and reduced glutathione (GSH, 500 µM) on Isatis cappadocica. As treatment decreased plant growth and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and also enhanced the accumulation of As. As stress also enhanced the oxidative stress biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, the application of GSH decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA by 43% and 55%, respectively, as compared to As treatment. The antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) also enhanced with As stress. NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the DPI, enhances the effect of As toxicity by increasing the accumulation of As, H2O2, MDA. DPI also enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes except GR and GST, However, the application GSH increased the plant growth and biomass yield, decreases accumulation of As, H2O2 and MDA content in As as well as As + DPI treated plants. The thiols content [total thiol (TT), non-protein thiol (NPT) protein thiols (PT), and glutathione (GSH)] were decreased in the As + DPI treatment but supplementation of GSH enhanced them. Novelty statement: The study reveals the beneficial role of GSH in mitigating the deleterious effects of Arsenic toxicity through its active involvement in the antioxidant metabolism, thiol synthesis and osmolyte accumulation. Apart from As, We provided the plants NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which boosts the As toxicity. At present, there is dearth of information pertaining to the effects of DPI on plants growth and their responses under heavy metal stress. GSH application reversed the effect of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) under As stress preventing the oxidative damage to biomolecules through the modulation of different antioxidant enzymes. The application of GSH for As stressed soil could be a sustainable approach for crop production.
Zahra Souri; Naser Karimi; Parvaiz Ahmad. The effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and glutathione (GSH) on Isatis cappadocica, under Arsenic (As) toxicity. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2021, 23, 945 -957.
AMA StyleZahra Souri, Naser Karimi, Parvaiz Ahmad. The effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and glutathione (GSH) on Isatis cappadocica, under Arsenic (As) toxicity. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2021; 23 (9):945-957.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahra Souri; Naser Karimi; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2021. "The effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and glutathione (GSH) on Isatis cappadocica, under Arsenic (As) toxicity." International Journal of Phytoremediation 23, no. 9: 945-957.