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Minji Park
Water Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 22689, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Owing to urbanization, impervious areas within watersheds have continuously increased, distorting healthy water circulation systems by reducing soil infiltration and base flow; moreover, increases in surface runoff deteriorate water quality by increasing the inflow of nonpoint sources. In this study, we constructed a Hydrological Simulation Program—Fortran (HSPF) watershed model that applies the impervious area and can set medium- and long-term water circulation management goals for watershed sub-areas. The model was tested using a case study from the Yeongsan River watershed, Korea. The results show that impervious land-cover accounts for 18.47% of the upstream reach in which Gwangju City is located; approximately twice the average for the whole watershed. Depending on the impervious area reduction scenario, direct runoff and nonpoint source load could be reduced by up to 56% and 35%, respectively; the water circulation rate could be improved by up to 16%. Selecting management goals requires the consideration of both policy objectives and budget. For urban areas with large impervious cover, the designation of nonpoint source management areas is required. For new cities, it is necessary to introduce water circulation systems (e.g., low impact development techniques) to improve rainwater penetration and recharge and activate preemptive water circulation.

ACS Style

Jong Lee; Minji Park; Bae Park; Jiyeon Choi; Jinsun Kim; Kyunghyun Kim; Yongseok Kim. Evaluation of Water Circulation by Modeling: An Example of Nonpoint Source Management in the Yeongsan River Watershed. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8871 .

AMA Style

Jong Lee, Minji Park, Bae Park, Jiyeon Choi, Jinsun Kim, Kyunghyun Kim, Yongseok Kim. Evaluation of Water Circulation by Modeling: An Example of Nonpoint Source Management in the Yeongsan River Watershed. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong Lee; Minji Park; Bae Park; Jiyeon Choi; Jinsun Kim; Kyunghyun Kim; Yongseok Kim. 2021. "Evaluation of Water Circulation by Modeling: An Example of Nonpoint Source Management in the Yeongsan River Watershed." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8871.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, results are presented for depth-specific hydraulic and water quality surveys, as well as meteorological observations, at key monitoring sites in the Paldang Reservoir, South Korea. These results were used to determine the water circulation characteristics that represent the main contributors to water quality changes. In the section before the confluence point of the two rivers, a different type of two-layer flow appeared for each. In the North Han River, backwater flowing backward in the upstream direction occurred in the surface layer, and was accompanied by two-layer flow, during the zero-discharge period of the Cheongpyeong Dam. On the other hand, in the South Han River, two-layer flow was observed in the upper layer in the downstream flow, and the thickness of upper and lower layers varied depending on the discharge rate of the Paldang Dam. Strong flow fluctuations were observed near the Paldang Dam (3 km upstream), and these were dependent on its instantaneous discharge rate. In particular, if the instantaneous discharge from the Paldang Dam remained below 400 m3/s for several days, the flow velocity in the lower layer decreased below 2 cm/s or no flow occurred. The comparison between flows during different periods associated with depth-specific water temperature variations showed that the average flow prevailed across all layers in the downstream direction at all monitoring sites during the vertical mixing period. In contrast, spatiotemporal variations in flow, such as two-layer flow and backwater, were observed during the stratification period in the South Han River and the North Han River. This led to increased residence times and vertical stability, thus creating favorable conditions for algal blooms.

ACS Style

Hwangjeong Choi; Ingu Ryu; Minji Park; Yongsik Song; Soonju Yu; Sanghun Kim. Analysis of the Water Circulation Structure in the Paldang Reservoir, South Korea. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6822 .

AMA Style

Hwangjeong Choi, Ingu Ryu, Minji Park, Yongsik Song, Soonju Yu, Sanghun Kim. Analysis of the Water Circulation Structure in the Paldang Reservoir, South Korea. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6822.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hwangjeong Choi; Ingu Ryu; Minji Park; Yongsik Song; Soonju Yu; Sanghun Kim. 2020. "Analysis of the Water Circulation Structure in the Paldang Reservoir, South Korea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6822.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2019 in Water
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Three watersheds in Korea (Dochoncheon, Gongjicheon, Seolseongcheon) with different land cover characteristics were selected for non-point source pollution monitoring. Event mean concentration (EMC) was calculated, and runoff characteristics were compared through first-flushing and statistical analyses. The mean of the water quality parameters was the highest in Seolseongcheon during dry days among the three watersheds. EMCs of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) were higher in Dochoncheon and Gongjicheon during rainy days, respectively. The upper Seolseongchun watershed showed overall greater values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorus (TP). First-flush analyses indicated that SS had the strongest and TN had the weakest effects on the first flush. BOD was the highest in Dochoncheon (urban watershed) and increased with increased number of antecedent dry days. Rainfall intensity appeared to affect SS runoff strongly in Gongjicheon and Seolseongcheon. COD showed strong correlation with SS and TOC in all watersheds, and organic matter (COD and TOC) demonstrated high factor loads during dry and rainy days. Thus, organic matter–related factors were classified as the major factors in pollutant loads. TP and TN were separately classified during dry days in Gongjicheon and Seolseongcheon, whereas these were the secondary factors during rainfall when the influence of non-point pollution was substantial. Cluster analyses showed that the monitoring sites in Dochoncheon and Gongjicheon watersheds were closer than Seolseongcheon. As a result of the comparison of non-point source pollution runoff in the three watersheds, it was difficult to explain the non-point source pollution runoff by specific characteristics such as land cover. For science-based management of non-point pollution, it is necessary to obtain additional survey data considering the climatic, geographical and major industries.

ACS Style

Minji Park; Young Soon Choi; Hyung Jin Shin; Inhong Song; Chun Gyeong Yoon; Joong Dae Choi; Soon Ju Yu; Park; Shin; Song; Yoon; Choi; Yu. A Comparison Study of Runoff Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution from Three Watersheds in South Korea. Water 2019, 11, 966 .

AMA Style

Minji Park, Young Soon Choi, Hyung Jin Shin, Inhong Song, Chun Gyeong Yoon, Joong Dae Choi, Soon Ju Yu, Park, Shin, Song, Yoon, Choi, Yu. A Comparison Study of Runoff Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution from Three Watersheds in South Korea. Water. 2019; 11 (5):966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minji Park; Young Soon Choi; Hyung Jin Shin; Inhong Song; Chun Gyeong Yoon; Joong Dae Choi; Soon Ju Yu; Park; Shin; Song; Yoon; Choi; Yu. 2019. "A Comparison Study of Runoff Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution from Three Watersheds in South Korea." Water 11, no. 5: 966.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2019 in Water
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The impact of the channel geometry on water quantity and quality simulation of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was evaluated for the Andong Dam watershed. The new equations to determine the bankfull width of the channels and the bottom width of the floodplains were developed using aerial photographs, and its performance was compared with the current equations of SWAT. The new equations were more exact than the current equations since the current equations tended to overestimate the widths of the channel and floodplain. When compared with the observed data, the streamflow of the scenario 2 (S2, applying the new equations) showed lower deviation and higher accuracy than scenario 1 (S1, applying the current equations) because the peak flow of S2 captured the observed data better due to the impact of the change geometry. Moreover, the water quality results of S2 outperformed S1 regarding suspended solid, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen. This is attributed to the variables, such as flow travel time, which is directly related to the channel geometry. Additionally, SWAT was modified to consider the various channel cross-sectional shapes. The results of this study suggest that the channel geometry information for the water quantity and quality estimation should be carefully applied, which could improve the model performance regarding streamflow and water quality simulations.

ACS Style

Jeongho Han; Dongjun Lee; Seoro Lee; Se-Woong Chung; Seong Joon Kim; Minji Park; Kyoung Jae Lim; Jonggun Kim. Evaluation of the Effect of Channel Geometry on Streamflow and Water Quality Modeling and Modification of Channel Geometry Module in SWAT: A Case Study of the Andong Dam Watershed. Water 2019, 11, 718 .

AMA Style

Jeongho Han, Dongjun Lee, Seoro Lee, Se-Woong Chung, Seong Joon Kim, Minji Park, Kyoung Jae Lim, Jonggun Kim. Evaluation of the Effect of Channel Geometry on Streamflow and Water Quality Modeling and Modification of Channel Geometry Module in SWAT: A Case Study of the Andong Dam Watershed. Water. 2019; 11 (4):718.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeongho Han; Dongjun Lee; Seoro Lee; Se-Woong Chung; Seong Joon Kim; Minji Park; Kyoung Jae Lim; Jonggun Kim. 2019. "Evaluation of the Effect of Channel Geometry on Streamflow and Water Quality Modeling and Modification of Channel Geometry Module in SWAT: A Case Study of the Andong Dam Watershed." Water 11, no. 4: 718.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2015 in Water
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Faulty field sensors cause unreliability in the observed data that needed to calibrate and assess hydrology models. However, it is illogical to ignore abnormal or missing values if there are limited data available. This study addressed this problem by applying data imputation to replace incorrect values and recover missing streamflow information in the dataset of the Samho gauging station at Taehwa River (TR), Korea from 2004 to 2006. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and two machine learning techniques, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Self Organizing Map (SOM), were employed to estimate streamflow using reasonable flow datasets of Samho station from 2004 to 2009. The machine learning models were generally better at capturing high flows, while SWAT was better at simulating low flows.

ACS Style

Minjeong Kim; Sangsoo Baek; Mayzonee Ligaray; Jongcheol Pyo; Minji Park; Kyung Hwa Cho. Comparative Studies of Different Imputation Methods for Recovering Streamflow Observation. Water 2015, 7, 6847 -6860.

AMA Style

Minjeong Kim, Sangsoo Baek, Mayzonee Ligaray, Jongcheol Pyo, Minji Park, Kyung Hwa Cho. Comparative Studies of Different Imputation Methods for Recovering Streamflow Observation. Water. 2015; 7 (12):6847-6860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minjeong Kim; Sangsoo Baek; Mayzonee Ligaray; Jongcheol Pyo; Minji Park; Kyung Hwa Cho. 2015. "Comparative Studies of Different Imputation Methods for Recovering Streamflow Observation." Water 7, no. 12: 6847-6860.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2013 in KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering
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The impact on hydrological components including evapotranspiration, soil moisture content, groundwater recharge, and dam inflow by the future potential climate and vegetation canopy changes was assessed for a dam watershed using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and verified using 9 years (1997–2006) and another 7 years (1990–1996) daily dam inflow data, respectively for a 6,585.1 km2 dam watershed located in the mountainous northeastern part of South Korea. The second generation coupled global climate model (CGCM2) data of Canadian Centre for Climate modelling and analysis (CCCma) from two Special Reports on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were adopted. The future vegetation canopy was developed by the nonlinear regression between monthly Leaf Area Index (LAI) from Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images and monthly mean temperature of 7 years (2000–2006) data. The future prediction results with A2 and B2 scenarios showed that the maximum changes in annual dam inflow were predicted to be −18.2% in 2090s A2 scenario compared to 2000 baseline data. The future seasonal maximum dam inflow changes appeared in fall period to be −31.0% for the A2 scenario. From the contribution analysis of climate change and vegetation canopy for the overall future predicted results, the climate change primarily led the future impact on the predicted results. For the future vegetation impact on hydrological components, soil moisture was more sensitive than dam inflow and evapotranspiration.

ACS Style

Min Ji Park; Rim Ha; Nam Won Kim; Kyoung Jae Lim; Seong Joon Kim. Assessment of future climate and vegetation canopy change impacts on hydrological behavior of Chungju dam watershed using SWAT model. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2013, 18, 1185 -1196.

AMA Style

Min Ji Park, Rim Ha, Nam Won Kim, Kyoung Jae Lim, Seong Joon Kim. Assessment of future climate and vegetation canopy change impacts on hydrological behavior of Chungju dam watershed using SWAT model. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2013; 18 (4):1185-1196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Ji Park; Rim Ha; Nam Won Kim; Kyoung Jae Lim; Seong Joon Kim. 2013. "Assessment of future climate and vegetation canopy change impacts on hydrological behavior of Chungju dam watershed using SWAT model." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 4: 1185-1196.