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Dietary lipids increase energy density in dairy cow diets and in some cases can increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) in milk and dairy products. However, the degree of FA saturation may affect the rumen microbiome. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) or unsaturated (olive oil; OO) fatty acid (FA) sources on the rumen microbiome of dairy cows. For 63 days, 15 mid-lactating cows were fed with either a basal diet (no fat supplement), or the basal diet supplemented with 3% dry matter (DM), either HVO or OO. Rumen contents were collected on days 21, 42 and 63 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results reveal dominance of the phyla Firmicutes (71.5%) and Bacteroidetes (26.2%), and their respective prevalent genera Succiniclasticum (19.4%) and Prevotella (16.6%). Succiniclasticum increased with both treatments at all time points. Prevotella was reduced on day 42 in both diets. Bacterial diversity alpha or beta were not affected by diets. Predicted bacterial functions by CowPI showed changes in energy and protein metabolism. Overall, 3% DM of lipid supplementation over 63 days can be used in dairy cow diets without major impacts on global bacterial community structure.
Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; Natalia Catalán; Karen Siu-Ting; Christopher Creevey; Sharon Huws; Jaime Romero; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1121 .
AMA StyleNathaly Cancino-Padilla, Natalia Catalán, Karen Siu-Ting, Christopher Creevey, Sharon Huws, Jaime Romero, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (6):1121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathaly Cancino-Padilla; Natalia Catalán; Karen Siu-Ting; Christopher Creevey; Sharon Huws; Jaime Romero; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows." Microorganisms 9, no. 6: 1121.
The main objective of this study was to characterize using whole-genome sequencing analysis, a new variant of the qnrB gene (qnrB89) carried by a fluoroquinolone-susceptible bacterium isolated from mucus of farmed Salmo salar fingerling in Chile. Citrobacter gillenii FP75 was identified by using biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal gene analysis. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the qnrB89 gene exhibited an identity to qnrB of 81.24% and 91.59%, respectively. The genetic environment of qnrB89 was characterized by the upstream location of a sequence encoding for a protein containing a heavy metal-binding domain and a gene encoding for a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase protein, whereas downstream to qnrB89 gene were detected the csp and cspG genes, encoding cold-shock proteins. The qnrB89 gene was located on a large chromosomal contig of the FP75 genome and was not associated with the 10-kb plasmid and class 1 integron harbored by the FP75 strain. This study reports for the first time the carriage of a qnrB gene by the C. gillenii species, and its detection in a bacterial strain isolated from farmed salmon in Chile.
Christopher Concha; Claudio Miranda; Rodrigo Rojas; Felix Godoy; Jaime Romero. Characterization of a Novel Variant of the Quinolone-Resistance Gene qnrB (qnrB89) Carried by a Multi-Drug Resistant Citrobacter gillenii Strain Isolated from Farmed Salmon in Chile. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 236 .
AMA StyleChristopher Concha, Claudio Miranda, Rodrigo Rojas, Felix Godoy, Jaime Romero. Characterization of a Novel Variant of the Quinolone-Resistance Gene qnrB (qnrB89) Carried by a Multi-Drug Resistant Citrobacter gillenii Strain Isolated from Farmed Salmon in Chile. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (3):236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher Concha; Claudio Miranda; Rodrigo Rojas; Felix Godoy; Jaime Romero. 2021. "Characterization of a Novel Variant of the Quinolone-Resistance Gene qnrB (qnrB89) Carried by a Multi-Drug Resistant Citrobacter gillenii Strain Isolated from Farmed Salmon in Chile." Antibiotics 10, no. 3: 236.
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and has been described mainly in association with salmonid infections. The genome of PRV consists of about 23,600 bp, with 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, classified as small (S1 to S4), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and large (L1, L2 and L3); these range approximately from 1000 bp (segment S4) to 4000 bp (segment L1). How the genetic variation among PRV strains affects the virulence for salmonids is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular phylogeny of PRV based on an extensive sequence analysis of the S1 and M2 segments of PRV available in the GenBank database to date (May 2020). The analysis was extended to include new PRV sequences for S1 and M2 segments. In addition, subgenotype classifications were assigned to previously published unclassified sequences. It was concluded that the phylogenetic trees are consistent with the original classification using the PRV genomic segment S1, which differentiates PRV into two major genotypes, I and II, and each of these into two subgenotypes, designated as Ia and Ib, and IIa and IIb, respectively. Moreover, some clusters of country- and host-specific PRV subgenotypes were observed in the subset of sequences used. This work strengthens the subgenotype classification of PRV based on the S1 segment and can be used to enhance research on the virulence of PRV.
Marcos Godoy; Daniel A. Medina; Rudy Suarez; Sandro Valenzuela; Jaime Romero; Molly Kibenge; Yingwei Wang; Frederick Kibenge. Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification. Pathogens 2021, 10, 41 .
AMA StyleMarcos Godoy, Daniel A. Medina, Rudy Suarez, Sandro Valenzuela, Jaime Romero, Molly Kibenge, Yingwei Wang, Frederick Kibenge. Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (1):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcos Godoy; Daniel A. Medina; Rudy Suarez; Sandro Valenzuela; Jaime Romero; Molly Kibenge; Yingwei Wang; Frederick Kibenge. 2021. "Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification." Pathogens 10, no. 1: 41.
Withering syndrome (WS), an infectious disease caused by intracellular bacteria Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis, has provoked significant economic losses in abalone aquaculture. The pathogen infects gastroenteric epithelia, including digestive gland, disrupting the digestive system and causing a progressive wilting in abalone. Nonetheless, our knowledge about WS implications in digestive gland microbiota, and its role in diseases progress remains largely unknown. This study aims to determine whether digestive gland-associated microbiota differs between healthy red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and red abalone affected with WS. Using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, our results revealed differences in microbiota between groups. Bacterial genera, including Mycoplasma, Lactobacillus, Cocleimonas and Tateyamaria were significantly more abundant in healthy abalones, whilst Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis and Marinomonas were more abundant in WS-affected abalones. Whilst Mycoplasma was the dominant genus in the healthy group, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis was dominant in the WS group. However, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis was present in two healthy specimens, and thus the Mycoplasma/Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis ratio appears to be more determinant in specimens affected with WS. Further research to elucidate the role of digestive gland microbiota ecology in WS pathogenesis is required.
Alejandro Villasante; Natalia Catalán; Rodrigo Rojas; Karin B. Lohrmann; Jaime Romero. Microbiota of the Digestive Gland of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) Is Affected by Withering Syndrome. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1411 .
AMA StyleAlejandro Villasante, Natalia Catalán, Rodrigo Rojas, Karin B. Lohrmann, Jaime Romero. Microbiota of the Digestive Gland of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) Is Affected by Withering Syndrome. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (9):1411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Villasante; Natalia Catalán; Rodrigo Rojas; Karin B. Lohrmann; Jaime Romero. 2020. "Microbiota of the Digestive Gland of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) Is Affected by Withering Syndrome." Microorganisms 8, no. 9: 1411.
The culture of red cusk eel Genypterus chilensis is currently considered a priority for Chilean aquaculture but low larval survival rates have prompted the need for the continuous use of antibacterials. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of live feed as a source of antibacterial-resistant bacteria in a commercial culture of G. chilensis. Samples of rotifer and Artemia cultures used as live feed were collected during the larval growth period and culturable bacterial counts were performed using a spread plate method. Rotifer and Artemia cultures exhibited high levels of resistant bacteria (8.03 × 104 to 1.79 × 107 CFU/g and 1.47 × 106 to 3.50 × 108 CFU/g, respectively). Sixty-five florfenicol-resistant isolates were identified as Vibrio (81.5%) and Pseudoalteromonas (15.4%) using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A high incidence of resistance to streptomycin (93.8%), oxytetracycline (89.2%), co-trimoxazole (84.6%), and kanamycin (73.8%) was exhibited by resistant isolates. A high proportion of isolates (76.9%) carried the florfenicol-resistance encoding genes floR and fexA, as well as plasmid DNA (75.0%). The high prevalence of multiresistant bacteria in live feed increases the incidence of the resistant microbiota in reared fish larvae, thus proper monitoring and management strategies for live feed cultures appear to be a priority for preventing future therapy failures in fish larval cultures.
Luz Hurtado; Claudio D. Miranda; Rodrigo Rojas; Félix A. Godoy; Mark A. Añazco; Jaime Romero. Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, Genypterus chilensis, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs). Animals 2020, 10, 505 .
AMA StyleLuz Hurtado, Claudio D. Miranda, Rodrigo Rojas, Félix A. Godoy, Mark A. Añazco, Jaime Romero. Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, Genypterus chilensis, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs). Animals. 2020; 10 (3):505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuz Hurtado; Claudio D. Miranda; Rodrigo Rojas; Félix A. Godoy; Mark A. Añazco; Jaime Romero. 2020. "Live Feeds Used in the Larval Culture of Red Cusk Eel, Genypterus chilensis, Carry High Levels of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes (ARGs)." Animals 10, no. 3: 505.
Fatty acid composition and distribution in edible species of fish and shellfish captured in the South Pacific were studied, with a focus on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). Fatty acids were quantified using gas-chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and the distribution of different fatty acids within lipid classes (neutral and polar lipids) was achieved after oil extraction using the Folch method and separation of lipid classes via solid-phase extraction for further GC-FID analysis. Red cusk-eel was the fish species with the lowest content of both EPA and DHA (40.8 and 74.4 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas mackerel contained the highest amount (414.7 and 956.0 mg/100 g for EPA and DHA, respectively). Sea squirt was the shellfish species with the highest content of EPA and DHA (375.0 and 165.7 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas the lowest amount of EPA + DHA was found in Chilean abalone (63.6 mg/100 g). PUFA were mostly found in neutral or polar lipids depending on the studied species. Indexes used to discuss the nutritional quality of lipids (PUFA/SFA, n-6/n-3 ratio and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid index) were calculated and reported in the manuscript. This information provides a novel nutritional insight which may be useful to help nutritionists and other health professionals give more accurate counseling for the population to reach the recommended daily intakes of EPA and DHA.
Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera; Valeria González-Barriga; Jaime Romero; Rodrigo Rojas; Sandra López-Arana. Quantification and Distribution of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in South Pacific Fish and Shellfish Species. Foods 2020, 9, 233 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera, Valeria González-Barriga, Jaime Romero, Rodrigo Rojas, Sandra López-Arana. Quantification and Distribution of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in South Pacific Fish and Shellfish Species. Foods. 2020; 9 (2):233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera; Valeria González-Barriga; Jaime Romero; Rodrigo Rojas; Sandra López-Arana. 2020. "Quantification and Distribution of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in South Pacific Fish and Shellfish Species." Foods 9, no. 2: 233.
The white leg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is of importance to the eastern Pacific fisheries and aquaculture industry but suffer from diseases such as the recently emerged early mortality syndrome. Many bacterial pathogens have been identified but the L. vannamei microbiota is still poorly known. Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, this work evaluated the impact of the inclusion in the diet of mannan oligosaccharide, (MOS, 0.5% w/w), over the L. vannamei microbiota and production behavior of L. vannamei under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. The MOS supplementation lasted for 60 days, after which the shrimp in the ponds were harvested, and the production data were collected. MOS improved productivity outcomes by increasing shrimp survival by 30%. NGS revealed quantitative differences in the shrimp microbiota between MOS and control conditions. In the treatment with inclusion of dietary MOS, the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (28%); while the control group was dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (30%). MOS has also been linked to an increased prevalence of Lactococcus- and Verrucomicrobiaceae-like bacteria. Furthermore, under the treatment of MOS, the prevalence of potential opportunistic pathogens, like Vibrio, Aeromonas, Bergeyella and Shewanella, was negligible. This may be attributable to MOS blocking the adhesion of pathogens to the surfaces of the host tissues. Together, these findings point to the fact that the performance (survival) improvements of the dietary MOS may be linked to the impact on the microbiota, since bacterial lines with pathogenic potential towards shrimps were excluded in the gut.
Oreste Gainza; Jaime Romero. Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the microbiota and productivity parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -12.
AMA StyleOreste Gainza, Jaime Romero. Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the microbiota and productivity parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOreste Gainza; Jaime Romero. 2020. "Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the microbiota and productivity parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp under intensive cultivation in Ecuador." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-12.
This study analyzed effects of vegetable oils fed to dairy cows on abundance of genes related to lipid metabolism in milk somatic cells (MSC). During 63 days, 15 cows were allocated to 3 treatments: a control diet with no added lipid the same diet supplemented with olive oil (OO, 30 g/kg DM) or hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO, 30 g/kg DM). On days 21, 42 and 63, MSC were obtained from all cows. Relative abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism in MSC from cows fed control on days 42 and 63 was compared with relative abundance at day 21 to evaluate fold-changes. Those genes without changes over the time were selected to analyze effects of OO and HVO. Compared with control, on day 42, PLIN2 and THRSP were upregulated by OO. Compared with control, on day 21, HVO up regulated ACACA, down regulated FABP3, and on day 63 THRSP and FABP4 were down regulated. Dietary oil supplementation (3% DM) had a modest nutrigenomic effect on different biological functions such as acetate and FA activation and intra-cellular transport, lipid droplet formation, and transcription regulation in MSC.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor; Jaime Romero. Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 10, 57 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, María Sol Morales, Heidi Leskinen, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Juan J. Loor, Jaime Romero. Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor; Jaime Romero. 2019. "Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 1: 57.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term supplementation of unsaturated oil on lipid metabolism and transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of mid-lactating dairy cows. The objective was achieved by supplementing dairy cows with soybean oil (SO; high in linoleic acid) or fish oil (FO; high in EPA and DHA) for 63 days (nine weeks). Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing SO or FO (n = 5 cows/group). At the onset of the experiment (day 0) and on days 21, 42, and 63 of supplementation, blood and SAT samples were collected from each animal. Oil supplementation increased cholesterol and NEFA in plasma, with a greater effect of SO compared to FO. Concentration of BUN was lower in SO compared to control and FO at the end of the trial. Transcription of few genes was affected by dietary lipids: FABP4 had lowest expression in FO followed by SO and control. ACACA and FASN had higher expression in FO. Transcription of SCAP was higher but expression of INSIG1 was lower in SO. Overall, results revealed that compared to control, SO and FO had lipogenic effect in SAT.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Macarena Garrido-Sartore; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Animals 2019, 10, 54 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Massimo Bionaz, Macarena Garrido-Sartore, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, María Sol Morales, Jaime Romero, Heidi Leskinen, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Juan J. Loor. Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Macarena Garrido-Sartore; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. 2019. "Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 1: 54.
Despite their great importance for human therapy, quinolones are still used in Chilean salmon farming, with flumequine and oxolinic acid currently approved for use in this industry. The aim of this study was to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms conferring low susceptibility or resistance to quinolones among bacteria recovered from Chilean salmon farms. Sixty-five isolates exhibiting resistance, reduced susceptibility, or susceptibility to flumequine recovered from salmon farms were identified by their 16S rRNA genes, detecting a high predominance of species belonging to the Pseudomonas genus (52%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of flumequine in the absence and presence of the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide and resistance patterns of isolates were determined by a microdilution broth and disk diffusion assays, respectively, observing MIC values ranging from 0.25 to >64 µg/mL and a high level of multi-resistance (96%), mostly showing resistance to florfenicol and oxytetracycline. Furthermore, mechanisms conferring low susceptibility to quinolones mediated by efflux pump activity, quinolone target mutations, or horizontally acquired resistance genes (qepA, oqxA, aac(6′)-lb-cr, qnr) were investigated. Among isolates exhibiting resistance to flumequine (≥16 µg/mL), the occurrence of chromosomal mutations in target protein GyrA appears to be unusual (three out of 15), contrasting with the high incidence of mutations in GyrB (14 out of 17). Bacterial isolates showing resistance or reduced susceptibility to quinolones mediated by efflux pumps appear to be highly prevalent (49 isolates, 75%), thus suggesting a major role of intrinsic resistance mediated by active efflux.
Christopher Concha; Claudio D. Miranda; Luz Hurtado; Jaime Romero. Characterization of Mechanisms Lowering Susceptibility to Flumequine among Bacteria Isolated from Chilean Salmonid Farms. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 698 .
AMA StyleChristopher Concha, Claudio D. Miranda, Luz Hurtado, Jaime Romero. Characterization of Mechanisms Lowering Susceptibility to Flumequine among Bacteria Isolated from Chilean Salmonid Farms. Microorganisms. 2019; 7 (12):698.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher Concha; Claudio D. Miranda; Luz Hurtado; Jaime Romero. 2019. "Characterization of Mechanisms Lowering Susceptibility to Flumequine among Bacteria Isolated from Chilean Salmonid Farms." Microorganisms 7, no. 12: 698.
The objective of this study was to characterize the long-term transcriptomic effects of lipogenic genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated (olive oil; OO) and saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) lipids. Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing OO or HVO (n = 5 cows/group) for 63 days. SAT was obtained from the tail-head area at the onset of the study and after 21, 42, and 63 days of supplementation. Treatments had minor effects on expression of measured genes. Both fat supplements reduced expression of PPARG, HVO decreased transcription of the desaturase FADS2 and lipid droplet formation PLIN2, and OO increased transcription of FABP3. Both lipid treatments decreased expression of the transcription regulator SREBF1 and its chaperone (SCAP) during the first 21 days of treatment. Our data indicated that long-term feeding of OO and HVO have a relatively mild effect on expression of lipogenic genes in SAT of mid-lactating cows.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences 2019, 6, 74 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Massimo Bionaz, Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, María Sol Morales, Jaime Romero, Heidi Leskinen, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Juan J. Loor. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6 (3):74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Massimo Bionaz; Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; María Sol Morales; Jaime Romero; Heidi Leskinen; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Juan J. Loor. 2019. "Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 3: 74.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of dairy cows with different fatty acid sources (soybean oil (SO) and fish oil (FO)) on milk production, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ice cream. During 63 days, fifteen Holstein cows averaging 198 ± 35 days in milk were assigned to three groups: control diet with no added lipid (n = 5 cows); and supplemented diets with SO (n = 5 cows; unrefined SO; 30 g/kg DM) or FO (n = 5 cows; FO from unrefined salmon oil; 30 g/kg DM). Milk production, milk fat, and milk protein were not affected by treatments. Saturated fatty acids in milk fat were decreased with SO and FO compared with control. C18:2 cis-9, cis-12 was increased with SO whereas C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C20:3n-3, C20:3n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were the highest with FO. Draw temperature and firmness were higher in SO compared to control and FO ice creams. Melting resistance was higher in FO compared with control and SO ice creams. Supplementation of cow diets with SO and FO did not have detrimental effects on milk production, or ice cream physicochemical and sensory characteristics.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Stefanie Vyhmeister; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Jaime Romero; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream. Animals 2019, 9, 568 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Nathaly Cancino-Padilla, Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza, Stefanie Vyhmeister, María Sol Morales, Heidi Leskinen, Jaime Romero, Philip C. Garnsworthy, Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream. Animals. 2019; 9 (8):568.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Stefanie Vyhmeister; María Sol Morales; Heidi Leskinen; Jaime Romero; Philip C. Garnsworthy; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. 2019. "Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream." Animals 9, no. 8: 568.
Our knowledge regarding microbiota associated with the swim bladder of physostomous, fish with the swim bladder connected to the esophagus via the pneumatic duct, remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to conduct the first in-depth characterization of the swim bladder-associated microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We observed major differences in bacterial communities composition between swim bladder-associated microbiota and distal intestine digesta microbiota in fish. Whilst bacteria genera, such as Cohnella, Lactococcus and Mycoplasma were more abundant in swim bladder-associated microbiota, Citrobacter, Rhodobacter and Clavibacter were more abundant in distal intestine digesta microbiota. The presumptive metabolic function analysis (PICRUSt) revealed several metabolic pathways to be more abundant in the swim bladder-associated microbiota, including metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides and lipoic acid as well as oxidative phosphorylation, cell growth, translation, replication and repair. Distal intestine digesta microbiota showed greater abundance of nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and bacterial secretion system. We demonstrated swim bladder harbors a unique microbiota, which composition and metabolic function differ from microbiota associated with the gut in fish.
Alejandro Villasante; Carolina Ramírez; Héctor Rodríguez; Natalia Catalán; Osmán Díaz; Rodrigo Rojas; Rafael Opazo; Jaime Romero. In-depth analysis of swim bladder-associated microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -12.
AMA StyleAlejandro Villasante, Carolina Ramírez, Héctor Rodríguez, Natalia Catalán, Osmán Díaz, Rodrigo Rojas, Rafael Opazo, Jaime Romero. In-depth analysis of swim bladder-associated microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Villasante; Carolina Ramírez; Héctor Rodríguez; Natalia Catalán; Osmán Díaz; Rodrigo Rojas; Rafael Opazo; Jaime Romero. 2019. "In-depth analysis of swim bladder-associated microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-12.
Seriola lalandi is an economically important species that is globally distributed in temperate and subtropical marine waters. Aquaculture production of this species has had problems associated with intensive fish farming, such as disease outbreaks or nutritional deficiencies causing high mortality. Intestinal microbiota are involved in many processes that benefit a host, such as disease control, stimulation of the immune response, and the promotion of nutrient metabolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from the intestinal content of wild Seriola lalandi. The probiotic potential was evaluated in terms of (i) the antimicrobial activity against vibrios causing outbreaks in farmed fish; (ii) the ability to stimulate genes related to an innate immune response in fish; and (iii) antibiotic resistance. Nineteen isolates identified as Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Psychrobacter, and Acinetobacter showed antimicrobial activity and significant relative expression of cytokines, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), hepcidin, and lysozyme. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of expression and the bacterial load after 24 h of exposure. Pseudomonas isolates showed a level of antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, isolates of the genera Shewanella, Psychrobacter, and Acinetobacter could serve as potential probiotics in S. lalandi culture.
Carolina Ramírez; Rodrigo Rojas; Jaime Romero. Partial Evaluation of Autochthonous Probiotic Potential of the Gut Microbiota of Seriola lalandi. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2019, 12, 672 -682.
AMA StyleCarolina Ramírez, Rodrigo Rojas, Jaime Romero. Partial Evaluation of Autochthonous Probiotic Potential of the Gut Microbiota of Seriola lalandi. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2019; 12 (2):672-682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Ramírez; Rodrigo Rojas; Jaime Romero. 2019. "Partial Evaluation of Autochthonous Probiotic Potential of the Gut Microbiota of Seriola lalandi." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 12, no. 2: 672-682.
The VPAP30 strain was isolated as the highly predominant bacteria from an episode of massive larval mortality occurring in a commercial culture of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. The main aims of this study were, to characterize and identify the pathogenic strain using biochemical and molecular methods, to demonstrate its pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, to characterize its pathogenic properties and to describe the chronology of the pathology. The pathogenic strain was identified as Vibrio bivalvicida based on its phenotypic properties, the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of eight housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) and different in silico genome-to-genome comparisons. When triplicate cultures of healthy 10 days old scallop larvae were challenged with 1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1 of the VPAP30 strain, percentages of larval survival of 78.9 ± 3.3%, 34.3 ± 4.9%, and 0% were observed at 12, 2,4 and 36 h, respectively, whereas uninfected larval cultures showed survival rates of 97.4 ± 1.2% after of 48 h. Clinical symptoms exhibited by the scallop larvae infected with the VPAP30 strain include the accumulation of bacteria around the scallop larvae, velum disruption and necrosis of digestive gland. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of VPAP30 strain at 24 and 48 h was 1.3 × 104 and 1.2 × 103 CFU mL-1, respectively. The invasive pathogenic activity of the VPAP30 strain was investigated with staining of the bacterial pathogen with 5-DTAF and analyzing bacterial invasion using epifluorescence, and a complete bacterial dissemination inside the larvae at 24 h post-infection was observed. When scallop larvae were inoculated with cell-free extracellular products (ECPs) of VPAP30, the larval survival rate was 59.5 ± 1.7%, significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the control group (97.4 ± 1.2%) whereas larvae treated with heat-treated ECPs exhibited a survival rate of 61.6 ± 1.8% after 48 h of exposure. V. bivalvicida VPAP30 exhibits high pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, mediated both by bacterial invasion and the production of toxigenic heat-stable compounds. This report constitutes the first isolation of V. bivalvicida out of Europe and extends the host range of this species, having demonstrated its pathogenic activity on the Chilean scallop larvae (A. purpuratus). These results supporting the pathogenic potential of V. bivalvicida to kill the larvae of a broad range of bivalve species reared in hatcheries located in the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts.
Rodrigo Rojas; Claudio D. Miranda; Jaime Romero; Juan L. Barja; Javier Dubert. Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Vibrio bivalvicida Associated With a Massive Larval Mortality Event in a Commercial Hatchery of Scallop Argopecten purpuratus in Chile. Frontiers in Microbiology 2019, 10, 855 .
AMA StyleRodrigo Rojas, Claudio D. Miranda, Jaime Romero, Juan L. Barja, Javier Dubert. Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Vibrio bivalvicida Associated With a Massive Larval Mortality Event in a Commercial Hatchery of Scallop Argopecten purpuratus in Chile. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019; 10 ():855.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Rojas; Claudio D. Miranda; Jaime Romero; Juan L. Barja; Javier Dubert. 2019. "Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Vibrio bivalvicida Associated With a Massive Larval Mortality Event in a Commercial Hatchery of Scallop Argopecten purpuratus in Chile." Frontiers in Microbiology 10, no. : 855.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a carnivorous fish species whose productive performance tends to be suboptimal when fed low-cost carbohydrate rich meals. It is of interest to study the dynamics of gut microbiota communities in salmonids fed high carbohydrate diets since gut microbes are referred to as key players that influence the metabolism and physiology of the host. A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding a high carbohydrate diet to Atlantic salmon in gut microbiota communities. A medium carbohydrate (15% wheat starch)/medium protein (MC/MP) diet or a high carbohydrate (30% wheat starch)/low protein (HC/LP) diet was fed to triplicate tanks (28 fish each) during four weeks. We conducted an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the major phyla determined in either experimental group. Phylum Planctomycetes, class Planctomycetia, order Planctomycetales and genus Lactococcus were significantly more abundant in fish fed the HC/LP diet compared with fish fed the MC/MP diet. Our study suggests feeding a carbohydrate rich meal to salmon exerts a low impact on the structure of gut microbial communities, affecting mostly low-abundance bacteria capable of metabolizing anaerobically carbohydrates as a major energy-yielding substrate.
Alejandro Villasante; Carolina Ramírez; Natalia Catalán; Rafael Opazo; Patricio Dantagnan; Jaime Romero. Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Protein Ratio on Gut Microbiota in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Animals 2019, 9, 89 .
AMA StyleAlejandro Villasante, Carolina Ramírez, Natalia Catalán, Rafael Opazo, Patricio Dantagnan, Jaime Romero. Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Protein Ratio on Gut Microbiota in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Animals. 2019; 9 (3):89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro Villasante; Carolina Ramírez; Natalia Catalán; Rafael Opazo; Patricio Dantagnan; Jaime Romero. 2019. "Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Protein Ratio on Gut Microbiota in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)." Animals 9, no. 3: 89.
Sperm DNA quality and gene expression are crucial for early embryo development. Abnormal genomic processes can cause irreversible damage to totipotent cells, thereby altering the capacity for cell differentiation. Cryopreservation is a complex procedure that exposes cells to extreme conditions; it is therefore important to determine whether cryopreservation affects genomic stability. Despite this, few studies have focused on the effects of cryopreservation on the genomic stability of fish sperm. Thus, information is lacking to determine how the cryopreservation of fish sperm affects embryo quality and subsequently aquaculture. The aim of this review was to compile background information pertaining to the study of genomic stability in cryopreserved sperm. In this way, we hope to characterize more clearly the embryonic development of fish that are of biological and economic interest. We also discuss the potential use of antioxidants in cryopreservation to help preserve DNA integrity, gene expression and embryo quality. There is a current need to evaluate the use of potential biomarkers of genomic integrity to establish the effects of cryopreservation on the DNA quality of fish gametes and embryos.
Elías Figueroa; Manuel Lee-Estévez; Ivan Valdebenito; Jorge G. Farías; Jaime Romero. Potential biomarkers of DNA quality in cryopreserved fish sperm: impact on gene expression and embryonic development. Reviews in Aquaculture 2018, 12, 382 -391.
AMA StyleElías Figueroa, Manuel Lee-Estévez, Ivan Valdebenito, Jorge G. Farías, Jaime Romero. Potential biomarkers of DNA quality in cryopreserved fish sperm: impact on gene expression and embryonic development. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2018; 12 (1):382-391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElías Figueroa; Manuel Lee-Estévez; Ivan Valdebenito; Jorge G. Farías; Jaime Romero. 2018. "Potential biomarkers of DNA quality in cryopreserved fish sperm: impact on gene expression and embryonic development." Reviews in Aquaculture 12, no. 1: 382-391.
Double-stranded RNA can induce interference processes. The specificity of this system raises the possibility of using dsRNA for therapeutic applications targeting viral diseases. Escherichia coli HT115 (DE3) has been widely used to produce dsRNA; however, the kinetics of dsRNA production and the relationship between dsRNA and biomass remain unknown. Our aims were to study the kinetics of dsRNA production and to improve dsRNA productivity with fed-batch technology. The results revealed that the production of dsRNA was growth-associated. In batch fermentation, the dsRNA/biomass yield remained close to 0.06 g·g−1, with a maximum productivity of 11.1 mg l−1 h−1 at 10 h of culture. In fed-batch fermentation, the yield was 0.06 g g−1, with a maximum dsRNA productivity of 15.2 mg l−1 h−1 at the end of the feed (12 h). Therefore, to increase the production of dsRNA, it is necessary to enhance the biomass that produces the recombinant nucleic acid.
Ljubomir Papić; José Rivas; Soledad Toledo; Jaime Romero. Double-stranded RNA production and the kinetics of recombinant Escherichia coli HT115 in fed-batch culture. Biotechnology Reports 2018, 20, e00292 -e00292.
AMA StyleLjubomir Papić, José Rivas, Soledad Toledo, Jaime Romero. Double-stranded RNA production and the kinetics of recombinant Escherichia coli HT115 in fed-batch culture. Biotechnology Reports. 2018; 20 ():e00292-e00292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLjubomir Papić; José Rivas; Soledad Toledo; Jaime Romero. 2018. "Double-stranded RNA production and the kinetics of recombinant Escherichia coli HT115 in fed-batch culture." Biotechnology Reports 20, no. : e00292-e00292.
Arapaima gigas is a large air-breathing fish found in Amazonian rivers, a characteristic that gives this species an advantage in oxygen-deprived waters. It shows high potential for aquaculture in the Amazon region due to its fast growth rate that approaches 10–15 kg/year. The aim of this study was to explore the composition of the intestinal bacterial community of Arapaima gigas reared in Ecuador using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The analysis revealed significant differences in alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05) and differential distribution of minor components of the intestinal microbiome between small and large fish. However, components with greater relative abundance, such as Cetobacterium, are found in similar proportions.
Carolina Ramírez; Jaime Coronado; Arturo Silva; Jaime Romero. Cetobacterium Is a Major Component of the Microbiome of Giant Amazonian Fish (Arapaima gigas) in Ecuador. Animals 2018, 8, 189 .
AMA StyleCarolina Ramírez, Jaime Coronado, Arturo Silva, Jaime Romero. Cetobacterium Is a Major Component of the Microbiome of Giant Amazonian Fish (Arapaima gigas) in Ecuador. Animals. 2018; 8 (11):189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Ramírez; Jaime Coronado; Arturo Silva; Jaime Romero. 2018. "Cetobacterium Is a Major Component of the Microbiome of Giant Amazonian Fish (Arapaima gigas) in Ecuador." Animals 8, no. 11: 189.
The main goal of the present study was to address the effect of feeding fermented soybean meal-based diet to Atlantic salmon on gut microbiota. Further, expression of genes of interest, including cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (cath), mucin 2 (muc2), aquaporin (aqp8ab), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), in proximal intestine of fish fed either experimental diet was analyzed. Three experimental diets, including a control fishmeal (30% FM), soybean meal (30% SBM), or fermented soybean meal diet (30% FSBM) were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks during a 50-day trial. The PCR-TTGE showed microbiota composition was influenced by experimental diets. Bands corresponding to genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus were characteristic in fish fed the FSBM-based diet. On the other hand, bands corresponding to Isoptericola, Cellulomonas, and Clostridium sensu stricto were only observed in fish FM-based diet, while Acinetobacter and Altererythrobacter were detected in fish fed SBM-based diet. The expression of muc2 and aqp8ab were significantly greater in fish fed the FSBM-based diet compared with the control group. Our results suggest feeding FSBM to Atlantic salmon may (1) boost health and growth physiology in fish by promoting intestinal lactic acid bacteria growth, having a prebiotic-like effect, (2) promote proximal intestine health by increasing mucin production, and (3) boost intestinal trans-cellular uptake of water. Further research to better understands the effects of bioactive compounds derived from the fermentation process of plant feedstuff on gut microbiota and the effects on health and growth in fish is required.
Natalia Catalán; Alejandro Villasante; Jurij Wacyk; Carolina Ramírez; Jaime Romero. Fermented Soybean Meal Increases Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gut Microbiota of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2017, 10, 566 -576.
AMA StyleNatalia Catalán, Alejandro Villasante, Jurij Wacyk, Carolina Ramírez, Jaime Romero. Fermented Soybean Meal Increases Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gut Microbiota of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2017; 10 (3):566-576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Catalán; Alejandro Villasante; Jurij Wacyk; Carolina Ramírez; Jaime Romero. 2017. "Fermented Soybean Meal Increases Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gut Microbiota of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 10, no. 3: 566-576.