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Soil ecosystem services (ES) provide multiple benefits to human well-being, but the failure to appreciate them has led to soil degradation issues across the globe. Despite an increasing interest in the threats to soil resources, economic valuation in this context is limited. Importantly, most of the existing valuation studies do not account for the spatial distribution of benefits that soil ES provide to the population. In this study, we present the results of a choice experiment (CE) aimed at investigating spatial heterogeneity of attitudes and preferences towards soil conservation and soil ES. We explored spatial heterogeneity of both attitudes and welfare measures via GIS techniques. We found that citizens of the Veneto Region (Northeast Italy) generally have positive attitudes towards soil conservation. We also find positive willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for soil ES in most of the study area and a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the spatial taste distribution. Finally, our results suggest that respondents with pro-environmental attitudes display a higher WTP based on the geographic pattern of the distribution of WTP values and attitudinal scores across the area.
Luisa Eusse-Villa; Cristiano Franceschinis; Mara Thiene; Jürgen Meyerhoff; Alex McBratney; Damien Field. Attitudes and Preferences towards Soil-Based Ecosystem Services: How Do They Vary across Space? Sustainability 2021, 13, 8722 .
AMA StyleLuisa Eusse-Villa, Cristiano Franceschinis, Mara Thiene, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Alex McBratney, Damien Field. Attitudes and Preferences towards Soil-Based Ecosystem Services: How Do They Vary across Space? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8722.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuisa Eusse-Villa; Cristiano Franceschinis; Mara Thiene; Jürgen Meyerhoff; Alex McBratney; Damien Field. 2021. "Attitudes and Preferences towards Soil-Based Ecosystem Services: How Do They Vary across Space?" Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8722.
Being critical to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, strengthening understanding of the properties and processes of soil at national and regional scales is imperative. The necessity to realize SDGs by 2030 also inspires a greater sense of responsibility and care for soils. Sustainable management of soil health is important to achieving several SDGs. Pertinent SDGs intricately connected with soil health include SDG 1 (End Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing), 5 (Gender Equality), 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 9 (Industry Innovation and Infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), 13 (Climate Action), and 15 (Life on Land). Some of these SDGs rely considerably on plant production and others depend on soil processes. Pertinent among soil processes are water movement, heat transfer, sorption and physical filtration, ion exchange, and biochemical and biophysical transformations. In terms of specific accomplishments, 130 countries have aligned with the Zero Hunger Challenge, the globally available fresh water has decreased to 71% of needs, Technosols (soils whose formation is influenced by anthropogenic based materials) are used in urban ecosystems, food wastes are composted, specific targets of Land Degradation Neutrality have been signed by several countries, and soil C sequestration targets are widely implemented through initiatives such as the 4 Per Thousand (4P1000) initiative, Platform on Climate Action in Americas (PLACA), Adapting African Agriculture (AAA), Living Soils of the Americas (LiSAM), etc. In addition, policy and regulatory frameworks being widely promoted by several U.N. agencies (e.g., U.N. SDGs,limiting global warming to 1.5°C or 2 °C) can be supported by innovations in soil science including forensic soil science, remote sensing and other innovations. Soil health is becoming a central element of the research and innovation program of the EU, aiming to reach a 75% of healthy soils by 2030. In addition, the importance of soil health to human health and environmental issues is being widely promoted through educational books on soil science and secondary schools, as well as the revision of curricula. With continuous progress in movement into the digital world, transfer and communication of knowledge of the soil sciences can improve for the end users, policymakers, and the general public but additional efforts are needed. Soil science knowledge and research forms a significant contribution to specific aspects of food and nutritional security, human wellbeing, nature conservancy, and global peace and harmony. Achieving critical SDGs by 2030 can be facilitated by soil restoration and sustainable management.
Rattan Lal; Johan Bouma; Eric Brevik; Lorna Dawson; Damien J. Field; Bruno Glaser; Ryusuke Hatano; Alfred E. Hartemink; Takashi Kosaki; Bruce Lascelles; Curtis Monger; Cristine Muggler; Georges Martial Ndzana; Stefan Norra; Xicai Pan; Remigio Paradelo; Laura Bertha Reyes-Sánchez; Taru Sandén; Bal Ram Singh; Heide Spiegel; Junta Yanai; Jiabao Zhang. Soils and sustainable development goals of the United Nations: An International Union of Soil Sciences perspective. Geoderma Regional 2021, 25, e00398 .
AMA StyleRattan Lal, Johan Bouma, Eric Brevik, Lorna Dawson, Damien J. Field, Bruno Glaser, Ryusuke Hatano, Alfred E. Hartemink, Takashi Kosaki, Bruce Lascelles, Curtis Monger, Cristine Muggler, Georges Martial Ndzana, Stefan Norra, Xicai Pan, Remigio Paradelo, Laura Bertha Reyes-Sánchez, Taru Sandén, Bal Ram Singh, Heide Spiegel, Junta Yanai, Jiabao Zhang. Soils and sustainable development goals of the United Nations: An International Union of Soil Sciences perspective. Geoderma Regional. 2021; 25 ():e00398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRattan Lal; Johan Bouma; Eric Brevik; Lorna Dawson; Damien J. Field; Bruno Glaser; Ryusuke Hatano; Alfred E. Hartemink; Takashi Kosaki; Bruce Lascelles; Curtis Monger; Cristine Muggler; Georges Martial Ndzana; Stefan Norra; Xicai Pan; Remigio Paradelo; Laura Bertha Reyes-Sánchez; Taru Sandén; Bal Ram Singh; Heide Spiegel; Junta Yanai; Jiabao Zhang. 2021. "Soils and sustainable development goals of the United Nations: An International Union of Soil Sciences perspective." Geoderma Regional 25, no. : e00398.
The concepts of soil security (especially relating to soil condition) provide a useful framework in building spectral libraries. Spectral libraries can be used with the purpose of assessing soil condition by measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) or increasing productivity through soil nutrient management. A spectral library was generated by measuring SOC and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and spectral reflectance data over the visible to near‐infrared range (350‐2500 nm) in soil samples collected from four production systems in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The spectral library was analysed using SpecOptim, a software tool developed at the James Hutton Institute to explore spectral pre‐processing and calibration options. From 192 model combinations of model, the best one was identified for each study area. Different combinations of data were also explored (e.g. by farm or all together). We believe that at the local scale, soil carbon and nitrogen variability can be captured, however the spectrally inactive properties such as phosphorous and potassium need to have a higher variability and therefore pooling is required in order to predict properties chemometrically. The SpecOptim software is a useful tool where analysis of spectral data can be difficult to determine. Specifically, it helped improve the accuracy of predictions by 2% for C and N (except for East New Britain site) compared to previously used pre‐processing techniques and calibration models while automating identification of the optimal pre‐processing approach. We believe that we have developed research‐based evidence for using spectral libraries to fit with the soil priority areas of PNG.
Kanika Singh; Matt Aitkenhead; Chris Fidelis; David Yinil; Todd Sanderson; Didier Snoeck; Damien J Field. Optimization of spectral pre‐processing for estimating soil condition on small farms. Soil Use and Management 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleKanika Singh, Matt Aitkenhead, Chris Fidelis, David Yinil, Todd Sanderson, Didier Snoeck, Damien J Field. Optimization of spectral pre‐processing for estimating soil condition on small farms. Soil Use and Management. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanika Singh; Matt Aitkenhead; Chris Fidelis; David Yinil; Todd Sanderson; Didier Snoeck; Damien J Field. 2020. "Optimization of spectral pre‐processing for estimating soil condition on small farms." Soil Use and Management , no. : 1.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the global food supply chain and exacerbated the problem of food and nutritional insecurity. Here we outline soil strategies to strengthen local food production systems, enhance their resilience, and create a circular economy focused on soil restoration through carbon sequestration, on-farm cycling of nutrients, minimizing environmental pollution, and contamination of food. Smart web-based geospatial decision support systems (S-DSSs) for land use planning and management is a useful tool for sustainable development. Forensic soil science can also contribute to cold case investigations, both in providing intelligence and evidence in court and in ascertaining the provenance and safety of food products. Soil can be used for the safe disposal of medical waste, but increased understanding is needed on the transfer of virus through pedosphere processes. Strengthening communication between soil scientists and policy makers and improving distance learning techniques are critical for the post-COVID restoration.
Rattan Lal; Eric Brevik; Lorna Dawson; Damien Field; Bruno Glaser; Alfred Hartemink; Ryusuke Hatano; Bruce Lascelles; Curtis Monger; Thomas Scholten; Bal Singh; Heide Spiegel; Fabio Terribile; Angelo Basile; Yakun Zhang; Rainer Horn; Takashi Kosaki; Laura Sánchez. Managing Soils for Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Soil Systems 2020, 4, 46 .
AMA StyleRattan Lal, Eric Brevik, Lorna Dawson, Damien Field, Bruno Glaser, Alfred Hartemink, Ryusuke Hatano, Bruce Lascelles, Curtis Monger, Thomas Scholten, Bal Singh, Heide Spiegel, Fabio Terribile, Angelo Basile, Yakun Zhang, Rainer Horn, Takashi Kosaki, Laura Sánchez. Managing Soils for Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Soil Systems. 2020; 4 (3):46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRattan Lal; Eric Brevik; Lorna Dawson; Damien Field; Bruno Glaser; Alfred Hartemink; Ryusuke Hatano; Bruce Lascelles; Curtis Monger; Thomas Scholten; Bal Singh; Heide Spiegel; Fabio Terribile; Angelo Basile; Yakun Zhang; Rainer Horn; Takashi Kosaki; Laura Sánchez. 2020. "Managing Soils for Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic." Soil Systems 4, no. 3: 46.
The importance of and role that soil plays in ensuring the future sustainability of human and planetary health is well established and the emerging soil security concept clearly identifies that education is a crucial component to ensure the securing soil to be fit for this purpose. Traditionally education in soil science has been limited to developing expertise in the discipline. To be truly effective we need to go beyond the boundaries of the discipline, and even its natural home of academia, and begin to explore the types of learning that can be developed to engage the whole community and raise our collective connectivity with soil.
Previously theoretical frameworks based around the dimensions of to ‘know’, ‘know of’ and ‘be aware’ of soil have been accepted by the education community as well as experiential learning practices framed by the teaching-research-Industry-learning (TRIL) models. There is now the emerging question of the need for a set of newly proposed set of principles, in the same way as a set of elementary assumptions have been developed for disciplines in biology and geology, which will impact the design of learning and its engagement within the disciplinary and broader community. Starting with the Pedon this elementary level will ensure awareness of soil. Coupled with outward focused responsibility of providing salient knowledge together with the social intelligence will use the second principle of Processes to provide resolution to soil related problems. Traditionally, this knowledge is often used to tackle well know threats, but more recently the advances in digital soil mapping and decreasing soil modelling have enabled greater interdisciplinary opportunities to solve soil knowledge based around the principles of variation and ultimately forecasting soil change.
This paper will align the set of principles against the current soil science education practices and how these can be used to engage with the broader community outside of academia.
Damien Field. Do we need to new set of soil principles to guide the cross-sector engagement of soil education. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleDamien Field. Do we need to new set of soil principles to guide the cross-sector engagement of soil education. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien Field. 2020. "Do we need to new set of soil principles to guide the cross-sector engagement of soil education." , no. : 1.
Kanika Singh; Israr Majeed; Niranjan Panigrahi; Hitesh B. Vasava; Chris Fidelis; Senani Karunaratne; Peter Bapiwai; David Yinil; Todd Sanderson; Didier Snoeck; Bhabani S. Das; Budiman Minasny; Damien Field. Near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for rapid and comprehensive soil condition assessment in smallholder cacao farming systems of Papua New Guinea. CATENA 2019, 183, 1 .
AMA StyleKanika Singh, Israr Majeed, Niranjan Panigrahi, Hitesh B. Vasava, Chris Fidelis, Senani Karunaratne, Peter Bapiwai, David Yinil, Todd Sanderson, Didier Snoeck, Bhabani S. Das, Budiman Minasny, Damien Field. Near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for rapid and comprehensive soil condition assessment in smallholder cacao farming systems of Papua New Guinea. CATENA. 2019; 183 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanika Singh; Israr Majeed; Niranjan Panigrahi; Hitesh B. Vasava; Chris Fidelis; Senani Karunaratne; Peter Bapiwai; David Yinil; Todd Sanderson; Didier Snoeck; Bhabani S. Das; Budiman Minasny; Damien Field. 2019. "Near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for rapid and comprehensive soil condition assessment in smallholder cacao farming systems of Papua New Guinea." CATENA 183, no. : 1.
Soil Security is an emerging sustainability science concept with global application for guiding integrated approaches to land management, while balancing ecosystem services, environmental, social, cultural, and economic imperatives. This discussion paper sets the scene for an Australian Soil Security framework as an example of how it might be developed for any country, defining the key issues and justification for Soil Security, as well as detailing implementation requirements and benefits; two examples of beneficial outcomes are provided in terms of facilitating decommoditization of agricultural products and the impact of urban encroachment on productive land. We highlight research gaps, where new knowledge will contribute to well-rounded approaches that reflect differing stakeholder perspectives. We also provide key nomenclature associated with a potential Soil Security framework so that future discussions may use a common language. Through this work we invite scientific and policy discourse with the aim of developing more informed responses to the myriad of competing demands placed on our soil systems.
John McLean Bennett; Alex McBratney; Damien Field; Darren Kidd; Uta Stockmann; Craig Liddicoat; Samantha Grover. Soil Security for Australia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3416 .
AMA StyleJohn McLean Bennett, Alex McBratney, Damien Field, Darren Kidd, Uta Stockmann, Craig Liddicoat, Samantha Grover. Soil Security for Australia. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (12):3416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn McLean Bennett; Alex McBratney; Damien Field; Darren Kidd; Uta Stockmann; Craig Liddicoat; Samantha Grover. 2019. "Soil Security for Australia." Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3416.
The role of soil in the existential environmental problems of declining biodiversity, climate change, water and energy security, impacting on food security has highlighted the need to link the soil functions to ecosystem services. We describe and illustrate by a limited example, the concepts and assessment of soil’s capacity measured through its capability and condition as contributors to an overall soil security framework. The framework is based on the concepts of genosoils and phenosoils. The links to other notions, such as threats to soil and soil functions are made. The framework can be potentially applied elsewhere to quantify soil changes under natural processes and human activities.
Alex. B. McBratney; Damien Field; Cristine L.S. Morgan; Jingyi Huang. On Soil Capability, Capacity, and Condition. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3350 .
AMA StyleAlex. B. McBratney, Damien Field, Cristine L.S. Morgan, Jingyi Huang. On Soil Capability, Capacity, and Condition. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (12):3350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex. B. McBratney; Damien Field; Cristine L.S. Morgan; Jingyi Huang. 2019. "On Soil Capability, Capacity, and Condition." Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3350.
Kanika Singh; Hitesh B. Vasava; Didier Snoeck; Bhabani S. Das; David Yinil; Damien Field; Todd Sanderson; Chris Fidelis; Israr Majeed; Niranjan Panigrahi. Assessment of cocoa input needs using soil types and soil spectral analysis. Soil Use and Management 2019, 35, 492 -502.
AMA StyleKanika Singh, Hitesh B. Vasava, Didier Snoeck, Bhabani S. Das, David Yinil, Damien Field, Todd Sanderson, Chris Fidelis, Israr Majeed, Niranjan Panigrahi. Assessment of cocoa input needs using soil types and soil spectral analysis. Soil Use and Management. 2019; 35 (3):492-502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanika Singh; Hitesh B. Vasava; Didier Snoeck; Bhabani S. Das; David Yinil; Damien Field; Todd Sanderson; Chris Fidelis; Israr Majeed; Niranjan Panigrahi. 2019. "Assessment of cocoa input needs using soil types and soil spectral analysis." Soil Use and Management 35, no. 3: 492-502.
Soil security is an important concept for informing the theory and practice of development agriculture. The concept of Soil Security provides a means to evaluate the biophysical condition of the soil (condition and capability) but also aspires to assess the way people connect to, and value, soil as a form of natural capital. PNG produces high quality cocoa, mostly relying on the current soil conditions and without the use of fertiliser. Overtime this continuous export of nutrients (a metric tonne of harvested pods contain on average 29.7 kg N, 5.8 kg P, and 47.8 kg K) without replacement may diminish the condition of soil and yield in future, highlighting the need for an integrative approach to developing management options for securing PNG Soil under Cocoa. Contrary to popular belief, that cocoa needs deep soil, cocoa has the capability to grow in PNG on shallow calcareous soils such as Rendolls as long as the feeder roots can access nutrients and water. However, texture contrast soils and stony soils unable to hold nutrients may not be desired for cocoa growth. Further, soils have intrinsic nutrient deficiencies at times, as an example, Andisols in East New Britain and Bougainville may be deficient in P due to fixation by Allophane. Therefore, managing soil condition may require soil types specific approaches. There is rarely, if ever, one-size-fits-all solution, and as with many developing countries, the capacity of cocoa producers in PNG to implement interventions is heavily constrained by the prevailing social, economic and environmental context. Accordingly, there exists a need for an integrative approach to developing management options for securing PNG Soil under Cocoa.
Kanika Singh; Todd Sanderson; Damien Field; Chris Fidelis; David Yinil. Soil security for developing and sustaining cocoa production in Papua New Guinea. Geoderma Regional 2019, 17, e00212 .
AMA StyleKanika Singh, Todd Sanderson, Damien Field, Chris Fidelis, David Yinil. Soil security for developing and sustaining cocoa production in Papua New Guinea. Geoderma Regional. 2019; 17 ():e00212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanika Singh; Todd Sanderson; Damien Field; Chris Fidelis; David Yinil. 2019. "Soil security for developing and sustaining cocoa production in Papua New Guinea." Geoderma Regional 17, no. : e00212.
Sustainable management of agricultural land requires not only an accurate assessment of the biophysical status of the soil but also estimates of the social and economic aspects of the soil. This paper focuses on soil security mapping of an approximately 80000 km2 agricultural area in middle‐eastern China. We examined a digital soil assessment framework in mapping soil security and its five dimensions (capability, condition, capital, connectivity, and codification) using digital soil maps and environmental variables. The main objective is to improve the understanding of soil protection in agricultural practices. Soil and environmental variables were coded as indicator values based on their functions, and three averaging models were used to integrate the indicators for soil security mapping. Results show that agricultural land in the study area currently has a high potential to achieve the crop production function, while there is still lack of sufficient social connectivity. Most of agricultural land has been properly protected by the public policy. More than half of the agricultural land has high security for cropping, while there is no unsecured soil. In general, most of the agricultural lands have already been well developed for cropping. The low soil security mainly contributes to the lack of proper connection to the soil. The findings suggest that digital soil security assessment is highly recommended for guiding sustainable development of agricultural land, because it could provide the knowledge of factors affecting soil security from complex multifaceted dimensions, and potential solutions to make agriculture soil more secure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Ren‐Min Yang; Budiman Minasny; Yuxin Ma; Damien Field; Alex McBratney; Chun‐Fa Wu. A preliminary soil security assessment of agricultural land in middle-eastern China. Soil Use and Management 2018, 34, 584 -596.
AMA StyleRen‐Min Yang, Budiman Minasny, Yuxin Ma, Damien Field, Alex McBratney, Chun‐Fa Wu. A preliminary soil security assessment of agricultural land in middle-eastern China. Soil Use and Management. 2018; 34 (4):584-596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen‐Min Yang; Budiman Minasny; Yuxin Ma; Damien Field; Alex McBratney; Chun‐Fa Wu. 2018. "A preliminary soil security assessment of agricultural land in middle-eastern China." Soil Use and Management 34, no. 4: 584-596.
The concept of soil security has been proposed with the dimensions of capability, condition, capital, connectivity, and codification of soil. However, it remains a challenge to accurately and efficiently assess the soil's capability and condition as a function of soil change. The idea of genoform and phenoform was proposed 20 years ago and recently revitalized. Herein, we were inspired by these concepts to develop a general approach and concepts of genosoils and phenosoils for distinguishing the soil changes within soil mapping units as affected by human activities. Across a 220 km2 district with a diversity in landforms, parent materials, and land use types, we generated maps of Pre-European (soil classes that existed prior to agricultural development) soil classes using a digital soil mapping approach. Based on the land use change, Pre-European genosoils and present genosoils and phenosoils were identified and mapped within each of the Pre-European soil classes. The measured topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (40–50 cm) properties have shown differences between the present genosoils and phenosoils. By objectively calculating the distances between the present genosoils and phenosoils in a principal component space using a recently published comprehensive soil classification system, several present phenosoils displayed significant differences among several soil properties (distance >8% of overall distance) and were redefined as new genosoils. The approach has successfully mapped genosoils and phenosoils within Pre-European soil classes at the district scale and identified shifts between present genosoils and phenosoils. It showed potential in detecting areas of soil changes due to human activities. Future work is required to separate seasonal fluctuations from long-term variations in NDVI and improve land use classification using remote sensing data. The method developed here can be applied in areas without remnant vegetation to separate the soil condition from capability by gauging phenosoils against genosoils.
Jingyi Huang; Alex McBratney; Brendan P. Malone; Damien J. Field. Mapping the transition from pre-European settlement to contemporary soil conditions in the Lower Hunter Valley, Australia. Geoderma 2018, 329, 27 -42.
AMA StyleJingyi Huang, Alex McBratney, Brendan P. Malone, Damien J. Field. Mapping the transition from pre-European settlement to contemporary soil conditions in the Lower Hunter Valley, Australia. Geoderma. 2018; 329 ():27-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingyi Huang; Alex McBratney; Brendan P. Malone; Damien J. Field. 2018. "Mapping the transition from pre-European settlement to contemporary soil conditions in the Lower Hunter Valley, Australia." Geoderma 329, no. : 27-42.
Soil Security is a holistic soil assessment approach that cogitates soil as a multi-dimensional medium. Rather than traditional single dimensional assessment approaches such as land capability mapping that largely considers only soil and landscape biophysical attributes, the Soil Security concept considers social aspects, education, policy, legislation, current land use, condition and the soils natural and economic value to society. It can identify discrete soils that are currently being used within their capacity, and areas where a use might be unsustainable, i.e. not secure. It would therefore make sense to map this concept, which aligns well with the aspirational and marketing policies of the Tasmanian Government, where increased agricultural expansion through new irrigation schemes and multiple-use State managed production forests co-exists beside pristine World Heritage conservation land, a major drawcard of the economically important tourism industry. The spatial quantification of soil security is seen as an emerging tool to effectively protect the soil resource in terms of food and water security, biodiversity maintenance and safeguarding fragile ecosystems. The recent development and application of Digital Soil Mapping and Assessment capacities in Tasmania to stimulate agricultural production and better target appropriate soil resource use has formed the foundational system that can enable the first efforts in quantifying and mapping Soil Security, in particular the five Soil Security dimensions (Capability, Condition, Capital, Codification and Connectivity). This forms a preliminary mapping product that demonstrates the feasibility of mapping the Soil Security concept. To provide a measure of overall soil security, it was necessary to separately assess the State’s three major soil uses; Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry. These outputs provide an indication of where different activities are sustainable or at risk, where more soil data is needed, and develops a tool to better plan for a State requiring optimal food and fibre production, without depleting its natural soil resources and impacting the fragile ecosystems providing environmental benefits and supporting the tourism industry. The following paper demonstrates why and how we might map Soil Security, describing a preliminary approach to mapping the separate dimensions; this approach could be adapted and applied elsewhere as an evaluation tool to identify soil threats relevant to current land use, biophysical properties, policy and management, and stimulate further research and debate into developing a global Soil Security mapping methodology.
Darren Kidd; Damien Field; Alex McBratney; Mathew Webb. A preliminary spatial quantification of the soil security dimensions for Tasmania. Geoderma 2018, 322, 184 -200.
AMA StyleDarren Kidd, Damien Field, Alex McBratney, Mathew Webb. A preliminary spatial quantification of the soil security dimensions for Tasmania. Geoderma. 2018; 322 ():184-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarren Kidd; Damien Field; Alex McBratney; Mathew Webb. 2018. "A preliminary spatial quantification of the soil security dimensions for Tasmania." Geoderma 322, no. : 184-200.
Budiman Minasny; Dominique Arrouays; Alex McBratney; Denis A. Angers; Adam Chambers; Vincent Chaplot; Zueng-Sang Chen; Kun Cheng; Bhabani S. Das; Damien J. Field; Alessandro Gimona; Carolyn Hedley; Suk Young Hong; Biswapati Mandal; Brendan P. Malone; Ben P. Marchant; Manuel Martin; Brian G. McConkey; V.L. Mulder; Sharon O'Rourke; Anne C. Richer-De-Forges; Inakwu Odeh; José Padarian; Keith Paustian; Genxing Pan; Laura Poggio; Igor Savin; Vladimir Stolbovoy; Uta Stockmann; Yiyi Sulaeman; Chun-Chih Tsui; Tor-Gunnar Vågen; Bas van Wesemael; Leigh Winowiecki. Rejoinder to Comments on Minasny et al., 2017 Soil carbon 4 per mille Geoderma 292, 59–86. Geoderma 2018, 309, 124 -129.
AMA StyleBudiman Minasny, Dominique Arrouays, Alex McBratney, Denis A. Angers, Adam Chambers, Vincent Chaplot, Zueng-Sang Chen, Kun Cheng, Bhabani S. Das, Damien J. Field, Alessandro Gimona, Carolyn Hedley, Suk Young Hong, Biswapati Mandal, Brendan P. Malone, Ben P. Marchant, Manuel Martin, Brian G. McConkey, V.L. Mulder, Sharon O'Rourke, Anne C. Richer-De-Forges, Inakwu Odeh, José Padarian, Keith Paustian, Genxing Pan, Laura Poggio, Igor Savin, Vladimir Stolbovoy, Uta Stockmann, Yiyi Sulaeman, Chun-Chih Tsui, Tor-Gunnar Vågen, Bas van Wesemael, Leigh Winowiecki. Rejoinder to Comments on Minasny et al., 2017 Soil carbon 4 per mille Geoderma 292, 59–86. Geoderma. 2018; 309 ():124-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBudiman Minasny; Dominique Arrouays; Alex McBratney; Denis A. Angers; Adam Chambers; Vincent Chaplot; Zueng-Sang Chen; Kun Cheng; Bhabani S. Das; Damien J. Field; Alessandro Gimona; Carolyn Hedley; Suk Young Hong; Biswapati Mandal; Brendan P. Malone; Ben P. Marchant; Manuel Martin; Brian G. McConkey; V.L. Mulder; Sharon O'Rourke; Anne C. Richer-De-Forges; Inakwu Odeh; José Padarian; Keith Paustian; Genxing Pan; Laura Poggio; Igor Savin; Vladimir Stolbovoy; Uta Stockmann; Yiyi Sulaeman; Chun-Chih Tsui; Tor-Gunnar Vågen; Bas van Wesemael; Leigh Winowiecki. 2018. "Rejoinder to Comments on Minasny et al., 2017 Soil carbon 4 per mille Geoderma 292, 59–86." Geoderma 309, no. : 124-129.
Water-stable soil aggregates are generally formed following the addition of organic materials in soils. This process is mediated by the interaction between microbes and soil organic matter in ways that are still not completely understood. To get insight into the effects of decomposing plant residues on aggregate dynamics, a clay soil with an inherently low soil organic carbon (SOC) content, was amended with two different sources of organic matter (alfalfa, C:N = 16.7 and barley straw, C:N = 95.6) at different input levels (0, 10, 20, & 30 g C kg−1 soil). These were incubated for a period of 3 months over which soil respiration was assessed using the NaOH capture method, water aggregate stability was determined with the mean weight diameter (MWD) by wet sieving, and the relative strength of aggregates exposed to ultrasonic agitation was modelled using the aggregate disruption characteristic curve (ADCC) and soil dispersion characteristic curve (SDCC). As expected, the quality and quantity of organic matter added controlled the respiration rate, with alfalfa (0.457 g CO2C g−1 C for total respiration rate) being greater than barley amended samples (0.178 g CO2C g−1 C) at any C input rate. Both residue quality and quantity of organic matter input also influenced the amount of aggregates formed and their relative strength. The MWD of soils amended with alfalfa residues was greater than that of barley straw at lower input rates and early in the incubation (e.g. at 28 days of incubation and at a rate of 10 g C kg−1 soil, MWD was 575 μm and 731 μm for barley straw and alfalfa, respectively). However, in the longer term (84 days of incubation), the use of ultrasonic energy revealed that barley straw resulted in stronger aggregates, especially at higher input rates despite showing similar MWD as alfalfa. The use of ultrasonic agitation, where we quantify the energy required to liberate and disperse aggregates allowed us to differentiate the effects of C inputs on the size of stable aggregates and their relative strength.
Zhaolong Zhu; Denis A. Angers; Damien J. Field; Budiman Minasny. Using ultrasonic energy to elucidate the effects of decomposing plant residues on soil aggregation. Soil and Tillage Research 2017, 167, 1 -8.
AMA StyleZhaolong Zhu, Denis A. Angers, Damien J. Field, Budiman Minasny. Using ultrasonic energy to elucidate the effects of decomposing plant residues on soil aggregation. Soil and Tillage Research. 2017; 167 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaolong Zhu; Denis A. Angers; Damien J. Field; Budiman Minasny. 2017. "Using ultrasonic energy to elucidate the effects of decomposing plant residues on soil aggregation." Soil and Tillage Research 167, no. : 1-8.
International audienceThe ‘4 per mille Soils for Food Security and Climate’ was launched at the COP21 with an aspiration to increase global soil organic matter stocks by 4 per 1000 (or 0.4 %) per year as a compensation for the global emissions of greenhouse gases by anthropogenic sources. This paper surveyed the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock estimates and sequestration potentials from 20 regions in the world (New Zealand, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Tanzania, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, India, China Taiwan, South Korea, China Mainland, United States of America, France, Canada, Belgium, England & Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and Russia). We asked whether the 4 per mille initiative is feasible for the region. The outcomes highlight region specific efforts and scopes for soil carbon sequestration. Reported soil C sequestration rates globally show that under best management practices, 4 per mille or even higher sequestration rates can be accomplished. High C sequestration rates (up to 10 per mille) can be achieved for soils with low initial SOC stock (topsoil less than 30 t C ha−1), and at the first twenty years after implementation of best management practices. In addition, areas which have reached equilibrium will not be able to further increase their sequestration. We found that most studies on SOC sequestration only consider topsoil (up to 0.3 m depth), as it is considered to be most affected by management techniques. The 4 per mille number was based on a blanket calculation of the whole global soil profile C stock, however the potential to increase SOC is mostly on managed agricultural lands. If we consider 4 per mille in the top 1m of global agricultural soils, SOC sequestration is between 2-3 Gt C year−1, which effectively offset 20–35% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. As a strategy for climate change mitigation, soil carbon sequestration buys time over the next ten to twenty years while other effective sequestration and low carbon technologies become viable. The challenge for cropping farmers is to find disruptive technologies that will further improve soil condition and deliver increased soil carbon. Progress in 4 per mille requires collaboration and communication between scientists, farmers, policy makers, and marketeers
Budiman Minasny; Brendan P. Malone; Alex McBratney; Denis A. Angers; Dominique Arrouays; Adam Chambers; Vincent Chaplot; Zueng-Sang Chen; Kun Cheng; Bhabani S. Das; Damien J. Field; Alessandro Gimona; Carolyn Hedley; Suk Young Hong; Biswapati Mandal; Ben P. Marchant; Manuel Martin; Brian G. McConkey; V.L. Mulder; Sharon O'Rourke; Anne C. Richer-De-Forges; Inakwu Odeh; José Padarian; Keith Paustian; Genxing Pan; Laura Poggio; Igor Savin; Vladimir Stolbovoy; Uta Stockmann; Yiyi Sulaeman; Chun-Chih Tsui; Tor-Gunnar Vågen; Bas van Wesemael; Leigh Winowiecki. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma 2017, 292, 59 -86.
AMA StyleBudiman Minasny, Brendan P. Malone, Alex McBratney, Denis A. Angers, Dominique Arrouays, Adam Chambers, Vincent Chaplot, Zueng-Sang Chen, Kun Cheng, Bhabani S. Das, Damien J. Field, Alessandro Gimona, Carolyn Hedley, Suk Young Hong, Biswapati Mandal, Ben P. Marchant, Manuel Martin, Brian G. McConkey, V.L. Mulder, Sharon O'Rourke, Anne C. Richer-De-Forges, Inakwu Odeh, José Padarian, Keith Paustian, Genxing Pan, Laura Poggio, Igor Savin, Vladimir Stolbovoy, Uta Stockmann, Yiyi Sulaeman, Chun-Chih Tsui, Tor-Gunnar Vågen, Bas van Wesemael, Leigh Winowiecki. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma. 2017; 292 ():59-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBudiman Minasny; Brendan P. Malone; Alex McBratney; Denis A. Angers; Dominique Arrouays; Adam Chambers; Vincent Chaplot; Zueng-Sang Chen; Kun Cheng; Bhabani S. Das; Damien J. Field; Alessandro Gimona; Carolyn Hedley; Suk Young Hong; Biswapati Mandal; Ben P. Marchant; Manuel Martin; Brian G. McConkey; V.L. Mulder; Sharon O'Rourke; Anne C. Richer-De-Forges; Inakwu Odeh; José Padarian; Keith Paustian; Genxing Pan; Laura Poggio; Igor Savin; Vladimir Stolbovoy; Uta Stockmann; Yiyi Sulaeman; Chun-Chih Tsui; Tor-Gunnar Vågen; Bas van Wesemael; Leigh Winowiecki. 2017. "Soil carbon 4 per mille." Geoderma 292, no. : 59-86.
Damien J. Field; Derek Yates; Anthony J. Koppi; Alex McBratney; Lorna Jarrett. Framing a modern context of soil science learning and teaching. Geoderma 2017, 289, 117 -123.
AMA StyleDamien J. Field, Derek Yates, Anthony J. Koppi, Alex McBratney, Lorna Jarrett. Framing a modern context of soil science learning and teaching. Geoderma. 2017; 289 ():117-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien J. Field; Derek Yates; Anthony J. Koppi; Alex McBratney; Lorna Jarrett. 2017. "Framing a modern context of soil science learning and teaching." Geoderma 289, no. : 117-123.
Soil security is a concept that will make it possible to understand soil and its role in delivering ecosystem services and is used to quantify the soil resource. Of the five dimensions, capability and condition focus on the biophysical aspects of soil, and there is the potential to develop a data set of indicators to assess these two dimensions. The timescales of change and the ability to manage soils described by these dimensions will affect the choice of soil properties as indicators. Once established these indicators will be useful to users, managers and regulators of soil and the ongoing monitoring of changes in the soil’s condition to avoid undesirable outcomes. This will involve understanding the soil’s resilience to change both from a biophysical and socio-economic interpretation, i.e. focusing on the capability and its condition, respectively.
Damien J. Field; T. Sanderson. Distinguishing Between Capability and Condition. Pedometrics 2017, 45 -52.
AMA StyleDamien J. Field, T. Sanderson. Distinguishing Between Capability and Condition. Pedometrics. 2017; ():45-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien J. Field; T. Sanderson. 2017. "Distinguishing Between Capability and Condition." Pedometrics , no. : 45-52.
Soil security is a concept that will make it possible to understand soil and its role in delivering ecosystem services and is used to quantify the soil resource by measuring it, mapping it, modelling it, managing it and forecasting its change. To achieve this will require a coming together of soil scientists, economists, social scientists and policy makers to discuss and contribute to the decision-making about soil. To frame this discussion requires a multidimensional approach whereby soil security acknowledges five dimensions of (1) capability, (2) condition, (3) capital, (4) connectivity and (5) codification. Each of these dimensions encompasses the social, economic and biophysical disciplines that contribute to providing good relevant soil knowledge, its use and integration into policy and legal frameworks. These dimensions can be used to assess the seven recognised functions that soil provides to society and are useful in characterising the threats to soil security.
Damien J. Field. Soil Security: Dimensions. Progress in Soil Science 2017, 15 -23.
AMA StyleDamien J. Field. Soil Security: Dimensions. Progress in Soil Science. 2017; ():15-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDamien J. Field. 2017. "Soil Security: Dimensions." Progress in Soil Science , no. : 15-23.
Mario Fajardo; Alex McBratney; Damien J. Field; Budiman Minasny. Soil slaking assessment using image recognition. Soil and Tillage Research 2016, 163, 119 -129.
AMA StyleMario Fajardo, Alex McBratney, Damien J. Field, Budiman Minasny. Soil slaking assessment using image recognition. Soil and Tillage Research. 2016; 163 ():119-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Fajardo; Alex McBratney; Damien J. Field; Budiman Minasny. 2016. "Soil slaking assessment using image recognition." Soil and Tillage Research 163, no. : 119-129.