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Since the beginning of the 21st century, urbanization has brought about dramatic changes in population, life, and economy, while having a significant impact on the distribution of ecosystem service. As research on the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem service has gradually specified, we decided to explore it at different scales. In this paper, we quantified and mapped the spatial–temporal evolution and relationship between urbanization and ecosystem service value in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2019 based on a dual-scale perspective of county and 3 km × 3 km raster. Our results show that the overall trend of urbanization level and ecosystem service value was increasing. Urbanization and ecosystem service value at the county scale showed a negative spatial correlation, while it was not significant at the raster scale. The “high–high” agglomeration was more concentrated, while the other three “low–low”, “low–high” and “high–low” agglomerations were more dispersed. Our findings suggest it is crucial to identify the key factors of small urban areas to grasp the development mechanism in the urbanization process and maintain the balance of the ecosystem.
Yuanyuan Mao; Lingli Hou; Zhengdong Zhang. Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Relationship between Urbanization Level and Ecosystem Service from a Dual-Scale Perspective: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8537 .
AMA StyleYuanyuan Mao, Lingli Hou, Zhengdong Zhang. Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Relationship between Urbanization Level and Ecosystem Service from a Dual-Scale Perspective: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8537.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanyuan Mao; Lingli Hou; Zhengdong Zhang. 2021. "Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Relationship between Urbanization Level and Ecosystem Service from a Dual-Scale Perspective: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8537.
Water quality has suffered as humans have increased nutrient inputs across the landscape. In many cases, management actions to reduce nutrient inputs have not been met with concomitant ecosystem responses. These missed expectations are partly due to the continued slow delivery of nutrient-enriched groundwater pre-dating input reductions resulting from management actions. Land use legacies as expressed through this time lag are important to quantify in order to adjust management expectations. We present a novel coupling of nitrogen source maps with groundwater transport times to create a high-resolution (120 m) fully distributed estimate of the timing and magnitude of groundwater nitrogen deliveries to surface water across Michigan's Lower Peninsula. This new view of the landscape has been designed around common management timelines for: elected officials looking to make a difference for re-election (30 years). One striking result is that after 100 years, in our study area, approximately 50% of the nitrogen that enters the groundwater system remains in transit. This means that actions taken now may not show the expected lower nitrogen loads to receiving ecosystems for decades to centuries. We show that differences in groundwater travel times create a heterogeneous patchwork over which managers can prioritize actions to best match their targeted response times. Across the highest nitrogen inputs in our study region, less than 10% had short enough groundwater legacies to match the management timeline of most government and agency work. Agricultural practices (manure and chemical fertilizer) are the main nitrogen contributors across the top three management classes; however, human contributions through septic tank effluent and lawn fertilizers contribute 5%–8% of nitrogen.
Sherry L Martin; Quercus F Hamlin; Anthony D Kendall; Luwen Wan; David W Hyndman. The land use legacy effect: looking back to see a path forward to improve management. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 16, 035005 .
AMA StyleSherry L Martin, Quercus F Hamlin, Anthony D Kendall, Luwen Wan, David W Hyndman. The land use legacy effect: looking back to see a path forward to improve management. Environmental Research Letters. 2021; 16 (3):035005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSherry L Martin; Quercus F Hamlin; Anthony D Kendall; Luwen Wan; David W Hyndman. 2021. "The land use legacy effect: looking back to see a path forward to improve management." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 3: 035005.
To reveal the hydrological effects on changes in land use and landscape pattern of the Wuhua River Basin (hereinafter referred to as the River Basin), this study investigated the upstream of Hezikou Hydrological Station on the Wuhua River; simulated the monthly runoff and sediment yield of the River Basin in a 25-year period (1986–2010) based on the widely used soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model under the meteorological conditions from 1957 to 2012 and in the context of the landscape change; calculated the change rates in runoff and sediment yield throughout the year and examined the relativity between the rate of change in the runoff and sediment yield and that of land use type composition and landscape pattern using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results revealed the following results. First, the simulation accuracy of runoff and sediment yield based on the SWAT model reached the standard, so the SWAT model was applicable to mesoscale watersheds in hot and humid mountainous areas of southern China. Second, the River Basin was dominated by forest, accounting for around 75% of the whole basin area, followed by cropland, whereas the percentages of built-up land and water body are much lower. With the urbanization and agricultural expansion, a large area of deforestation occurred especially from 1995 to 2005, which potentially resulted in increases of runoff and sediment yield. Third, six typical landscape pattern indices of the River Basin were screened out through the factor analysis. The landscapes of the River Basin under the impact of human activities became fragmented as the spatial heterogeneity increased. Fourth, grassland had the largest soil erosion modulus followed by cropland and built-up land, cropland and forests contributing most to runoff and sedimentation. The changes in runoff and sediment yield mainly occurred near the watershed outlet and upstream in the southern of the river basin, runoff and sedimentation increased significantly in 2005, which are highly likely due to the heavy rain events and deforestation at the time. Fifth, the runoff was significantly affected by the area changes in the cropland and woodland, while the weaker and more insignificant relationship between the changes in landscape pattern indices and that of runoff and sediment yield were observed. Thus, we concluded that the changes in land use have higher and more significant impacts on the runoff and sediment yield in Wuhua River Basin, compared with landscape pattern indices. This work provides useful information for environmental managers to target efforts to reduce soil erosion and related environmental issues effectively. Further research is recommended to integrate climate change and human activities’ impacts on runoff generations and sediment yield processes.
Zhengdong Zhang; Songjia Chen; Luwen Wan; Jun Cao; Qian Zhang; Chuanxun Yang. The effects of landscape pattern evolution on runoff and sediment based on SWAT model. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -12.
AMA StyleZhengdong Zhang, Songjia Chen, Luwen Wan, Jun Cao, Qian Zhang, Chuanxun Yang. The effects of landscape pattern evolution on runoff and sediment based on SWAT model. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhengdong Zhang; Songjia Chen; Luwen Wan; Jun Cao; Qian Zhang; Chuanxun Yang. 2021. "The effects of landscape pattern evolution on runoff and sediment based on SWAT model." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 1: 1-12.
Climate change can have critical impacts on ecosystem services (ESs) and their inter-relationships, especially for water-related services. However, there has been little work done on characterizing the current and future changes in these services and their inter-relationships under a changing climate. Based on the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), the soil conservation service curve number model (SCS-CN), and the improved stochastic weather-generator-based statistical downscaled global climate models (GCMs), we examined two important water-related services, namely, the soil conservation (SC) service and the flood mitigation (FM) service, and their inter-relationship under baseline and future climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5). We took the Upper Hanjiang River Basin (UHRB), which is the core water source area of the China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project (S–NWDP), as an illustration. The findings revealed that (1) the SC and FM services will both decrease under the two climate scenarios examined; (2) the SC and FM services showed a significant synergistic inter-relationship and the synergy will be improved by 16.48% and 2.95% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, which provides an opportunity for management optimization; (3) the ecological degradation in the UHRB will likely have serious consequences for the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang river basin, and therefore impact the actual economic benefits of the S–NWDP. This study points to the necessity for understanding the dynamic changes and inter-relationships of ecosystem services under future climate change and provides information regarding the consequences of climate change, which is useful for policy and infrastructure investment.
Xupu Li; Liwei Zhang; Patrick J. O’Connor; Junping Yan; Bin Wang; De Li Liu; Pengtao Wang; Zhuangzhuang Wang; Luwen Wan; Yingjie Li. Ecosystem Services under a Climate-Change-Impacted Water Infrastructure in a Highly Forested Basin. Water 2020, 12, 2825 .
AMA StyleXupu Li, Liwei Zhang, Patrick J. O’Connor, Junping Yan, Bin Wang, De Li Liu, Pengtao Wang, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Luwen Wan, Yingjie Li. Ecosystem Services under a Climate-Change-Impacted Water Infrastructure in a Highly Forested Basin. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2825.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXupu Li; Liwei Zhang; Patrick J. O’Connor; Junping Yan; Bin Wang; De Li Liu; Pengtao Wang; Zhuangzhuang Wang; Luwen Wan; Yingjie Li. 2020. "Ecosystem Services under a Climate-Change-Impacted Water Infrastructure in a Highly Forested Basin." Water 12, no. 10: 2825.
The United Nations has adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets. International trade has substantial influences on global sustainability and human well-being. However, little is known about the impacts of international trade on progress towards achieving the SDG targets. Here we show that international trade positively affected global progress towards achieving nine environment-related SDG targets. International trade improved the SDG target scores of most (65%) of the evaluated developed countries but reduced the SDG target scores of over 60% of the evaluated developing countries. The SDG target scores of developed countries were higher than those of developing countries when trade was accounted for, but those scores would be lower than those of developing countries if trade were not a factor. Furthermore, trade between distant countries contributed more to achieving these global SDG targets than trade between adjacent countries. Compared with adjacent trade, distant trade was more beneficial for achieving SDG targets in developed countries, but it more negatively affected SDG target scores in developing countries. Our research suggests that enhancing the accounting for and management of virtual resources embedded in trade is essential for achieving and balancing sustainable development for all.
Zhenci Xu; Yingjie Li; Sophia N. Chau; Thomas Dietz; Canbing Li; Luwen Wan; Jindong Zhang; Liwei Zhang; Yunkai Li; Min Gon Chung; Jianguo Liu. Impacts of international trade on global sustainable development. Nature Sustainability 2020, 3, 964 -971.
AMA StyleZhenci Xu, Yingjie Li, Sophia N. Chau, Thomas Dietz, Canbing Li, Luwen Wan, Jindong Zhang, Liwei Zhang, Yunkai Li, Min Gon Chung, Jianguo Liu. Impacts of international trade on global sustainable development. Nature Sustainability. 2020; 3 (11):964-971.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhenci Xu; Yingjie Li; Sophia N. Chau; Thomas Dietz; Canbing Li; Luwen Wan; Jindong Zhang; Liwei Zhang; Yunkai Li; Min Gon Chung; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "Impacts of international trade on global sustainable development." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 11: 964-971.
Studying the change of water supply services and its impact mechanism is of great significance for assessing the quality of regional ecological environment. Based on the water production module of the lnVEST model, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of water supply services at different scales (watersheds, sub-watersheds, and hydrological response units) in the Wuhua River Basin, and discusses the reasons for the spatial and temporal changes of water supply services in the study area. The results show that: First, from 1976 to 2016, the precipitation in the Wuhua River Basin first increased, then decreased, and then increased; the average temperature and the average annual evapotranspiration from 1980 to 2015 were 0.0188 ℃·a−1 and 0.5094 mm·a−1 rate increasing, respectively. Second, the main land-use type in the Wuhua River Basin were woodland and cultivated land, which together account for more than 98% of the basin area. From 1980 to 2000, it was mainly the conversion between cultivated land, woodland and grassland. From 2000 to 2015, the land use type was frequently changed, mainly converted to construction land. Third, the water supply services at different scales in the Wuhua River Basin from 1980 to 2015 basically changed. Consistently, They all decrease first and then increase. The spatial distribution of water supply services in the basins in/of different years was significantly different. Finally, from 1980 to 2015, the changes in precipitation and water supply services at different scales in the river basin were almost the same, indicating that precipitation is the main factor affecting water supply services. The land-use type with the strongest water supply capacity is construction land, followed by cultivated land, grassland, woodland, and waters. The research aims to provide a scientific basis for establishing a water resource utilization and economic development model, so as to achieve sustainable social and economic development.
Zhengdong Zhang; Yang Yang; Yuchan Chen; Tengfei Kuang; Jun Cao; Songjia Chen; Qingpu Li. Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Water Supply Services at Different Scales in the Wuhua River Basin. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2020, 290 -306.
AMA StyleZhengdong Zhang, Yang Yang, Yuchan Chen, Tengfei Kuang, Jun Cao, Songjia Chen, Qingpu Li. Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Water Supply Services at Different Scales in the Wuhua River Basin. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2020; ():290-306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhengdong Zhang; Yang Yang; Yuchan Chen; Tengfei Kuang; Jun Cao; Songjia Chen; Qingpu Li. 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Water Supply Services at Different Scales in the Wuhua River Basin." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 290-306.
The impacts of climate change and human activities on the surface runoff in the Wuhua River Basin (hereinafter referred to as the river basin) are explored using the Mann–Kendall trend test, wavelet analysis, and double-mass curve. In this study, all the temperature and precipitation data from two meteorological stations, namely, Wuhua and Longchuan, the measured monthly runoff data in Hezikou Hydrological Station from 1961 to 2013, and the land-cover type data in 1990 and 2013 are used. This study yields valuable results. First, over the past 53 years, the temperature in the river basin rose substantially, without obvious changes in the average annual precipitation. From 1981 to 2013, the annual runoff fluctuated and declined, and this result is essentially in agreement with the time-series characteristics of precipitation. Second, both temperature and precipitation had evidently regular changes on the 28a scale, and the annual runoff changed on the 19a scale. Third, forestland was the predominant land use type in the Wuhua river basin, followed by cultivated land. Major transitions mainly occurred in both land-use types, which were partially transformed into grassland and construction land. From 1990 to 2013, cultivated land was the most active land-use type in the transitions, and construction land was the most stable type. Finally, human activities had always been a decisive factor on the runoff reduction in the river basin, accounting for 85.8%. The runoff in the river basin suffered most heavily from human activities in the 1980s and 1990s, but thereafter, the impact of these activities diminished to a certain extent. This may be because of the implementation of water loss and soil erosion control policies.
Zhengdong Zhang; Luwen Wan; Caiwen Dong; Yichun Xie; Chuanxun Yang; Ji Yang; Yong Li. Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Surface Runoff in the Wuhua River Basin. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3405 .
AMA StyleZhengdong Zhang, Luwen Wan, Caiwen Dong, Yichun Xie, Chuanxun Yang, Ji Yang, Yong Li. Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Surface Runoff in the Wuhua River Basin. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhengdong Zhang; Luwen Wan; Caiwen Dong; Yichun Xie; Chuanxun Yang; Ji Yang; Yong Li. 2018. "Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Surface Runoff in the Wuhua River Basin." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3405.