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Some organisations, and some individual humans, violate moral and ethical rules, whether or not they are written down in laws or codes of conduct. Corporate transgressions, as this behaviour is called, occur because of the actions of those in charge, usually bright and dedicated people. Immoral and unethical conduct can adversely affect the safety of workers, the general public and the environment. A scoping review method for a literature search is used to explore morality and ethics in relation to health and safety management. Our findings show that controlling the risks associated with misconduct and corporate transgression is not usually seen as a responsibility allocated to safety systems but is left to general management and corporate governance. The moral and ethical principles, however, can be applied in safety management systems to prevent misconduct and transgression-related safety risks. Our results show that ethical leadership, ethical behaviour, sustaining an ethical climate and implementation of an ethical decision-making process emerge as key preventive measures. The discussion presents a proposed way to include these measures in safety management systems. Conclusion and recommendations underline that unwanted behaviour and transgression risks can be brought under control, starting from a set of best practices. Not only the managers themselves but also board members, independent external supervisors and government regulators need to embrace these practices.
Paul Lindhout; Genserik Reniers. Involving Moral and Ethical Principles in Safety Management Systems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8511 .
AMA StylePaul Lindhout, Genserik Reniers. Involving Moral and Ethical Principles in Safety Management Systems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8511.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Lindhout; Genserik Reniers. 2021. "Involving Moral and Ethical Principles in Safety Management Systems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8511.
A disruption to hazardous (flammable, explosive, and toxic) material (HAZMAT) storage plants may trigger escalation effects, resulting in more severe storage performance losses and making the performance restoration more difficult. The disruption, such as an intentional attack, may be difficult to predict and prevent, thus developing a resilient HAZMAT storage plant may be a practical and effective way to deal with these disruptions. This study develops a dynamic stochastic methodology to quantify the resilience of HAZMAT storage plants. In this methodology, resilience evolution scenarios are modeled as a dynamic process that consists of four stages: disruption, escalation, adaption, and restoration stages. The resistant capability in the disruption stage, mitigation capability in the escalation stage, adaption capability in the adaption stage, and restoration capability in the restoration stage are quantified to obtain the HAZMAT storage resilience. The uncertainties in the disruption stage and the mitigation stage are considered, and the dynamic Monte Carlo method is used to simulate possible resilience scenarios and thus quantify the storage resilience. A case study is used to illustrate the developed methodology, and a discussion based on the case study is provided to find out the critical parameters and resilience measures.
Chao Chen; Ming Yang; Genserik Reniers. A dynamic stochastic methodology for quantifying HAZMAT storage resilience. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2021, 215, 107909 .
AMA StyleChao Chen, Ming Yang, Genserik Reniers. A dynamic stochastic methodology for quantifying HAZMAT storage resilience. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2021; 215 ():107909.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Ming Yang; Genserik Reniers. 2021. "A dynamic stochastic methodology for quantifying HAZMAT storage resilience." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 215, no. : 107909.
OCI Nitrogen, one of Europe’s largest fertilizer producers, is investigating the extent to which it is possible to take targeted measures at an early stage and stop the development of major hazard accident processes. An innovative model has been developed and recently explained and elaborated in a number of publications. This current paper contains a validation of the model by looking at the BP Texas City incident in 2005. The bowtie metaphor is used to visually present the BP Texas City refinery incident, showing the barrier system from different perspectives. Not only is the barrier system looked at from its trustworthiness on the day of the incident but also from the perspective of the control room operator, and from a design to current standards of best practice. The risk reductions of these different views are calculated and compared to their original design. In addition, evidence and findings from the investigations have been categorized as flaws and allocated to nine organizational factors. These flaws may affect the barrier system’s quality or trustworthiness, or may act as ‘accident pathogens’ (see also Reason, 1990) creating latent, dangerous conditions. This paper sheds new light on the monitoring of accident processes and the barrier management to control them, and demonstrates that the BP Texas City refinery incident could have been foreseen using preventive barrier indicators and monitoring organizational factors.
Peter Schmitz; Genserik Reniers; Paul Swuste. Predicting major hazard accidents by monitoring their barrier systems: A validation in retrospective. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2021, 153, 19 -28.
AMA StylePeter Schmitz, Genserik Reniers, Paul Swuste. Predicting major hazard accidents by monitoring their barrier systems: A validation in retrospective. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2021; 153 ():19-28.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Schmitz; Genserik Reniers; Paul Swuste. 2021. "Predicting major hazard accidents by monitoring their barrier systems: A validation in retrospective." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 153, no. : 19-28.
The decision-making in risk management aims to select the best strategy of taking measures or allocating resources to reduce risks or prevent undesired damage. Domino effects bring considerable challenges to decision-making since they are high-consequence low probability events with complex evolution scenarios and high uncertainties. This chapter presents the general risk management framework of the domino effect firstly. Several typical risk assessment-based decision-making methods are illustrated, including cost-benefit management methods, graph-theoretic approaches, Bayesian Network-based approaches, and simulation-based approaches. This chapter provides an overview of the methods available to support decision-making for optimal risk management strategy to deal with the domino effects in the chemical and process industry.
Shuaiqi Yuan; Chao Chen; Ming Yang; Genserik Reniers. Methods for domino effect risk management decision-making. Methods in Chemical Process Safety 2021, 5, 461 -494.
AMA StyleShuaiqi Yuan, Chao Chen, Ming Yang, Genserik Reniers. Methods for domino effect risk management decision-making. Methods in Chemical Process Safety. 2021; 5 ():461-494.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuaiqi Yuan; Chao Chen; Ming Yang; Genserik Reniers. 2021. "Methods for domino effect risk management decision-making." Methods in Chemical Process Safety 5, no. : 461-494.
Security of critical infrastructures has obtained increasing attention since the “9/11” attack in 2001. Unlike other critical infrastructures, intentional attacks on installations in the chemical sector may escalate, resulting in a chain of major accident scenarios, which are called intentional domino effects. In light of the severe consequences of intentional domino effects, this chapter introduces the security risk assessment concerning intentional domino effects. Risk assessment of intentional domino effects consists of five main steps: threat analysis, attractiveness analysis, the vulnerability of installations exposed to attacks, the vulnerability of installations exposed to subsequent domino effects, and the overall consequences of attacks considering possible domino effects. Each step is illustrated in this chapter to fill the gap between security risk assessment and domino effects.
Chao Chen; Genserik Reniers; Ming Yang; Shuaiqi Yuan. Domino effect security risk assessment. Methods in Chemical Process Safety 2021, 5, 309 -330.
AMA StyleChao Chen, Genserik Reniers, Ming Yang, Shuaiqi Yuan. Domino effect security risk assessment. Methods in Chemical Process Safety. 2021; 5 ():309-330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Genserik Reniers; Ming Yang; Shuaiqi Yuan. 2021. "Domino effect security risk assessment." Methods in Chemical Process Safety 5, no. : 309-330.
This paper presents a bibliometric overview of the publications in the principal international journal Process Safety and Environmental Protection (PSEP) from 1990 to 2020 retrieved in the Web of Science (WoS) database to explore the evolution in safety and environmental engineering design and practice, as well as experimental or theoretical innovative research. Therefore, based on the WoS database and the visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer software, the bibliometric analysis and scientometric mapping of the literature have been performed from the perspectives of document types, publication and citation distribution over time, leading authors, countries (regions), institutions, the corresponding collaboration networks, most cited publications and references, focused research fields and topics, research trend evolution over time, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive and quantitative overview and significant picture representation for the journal’s leading and evolutionary trends by employing specific aforementioned bibliometric analysis factors. In addition, by reviewing the evolutionary trends of the journal and the proposed investigated factors, such as the influential works, main research topics, and the research frontiers, this paper reveals the scientific literature production’s main research objectives and directions that could be addressed and explored in future studies.
Jie Xue; Genserik Reniers; Jie Li; Ming Yang; Chaozhong Wu; P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder. A Bibliometric and Visualized Overview for the Evolution of Process Safety and Environmental Protection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5985 .
AMA StyleJie Xue, Genserik Reniers, Jie Li, Ming Yang, Chaozhong Wu, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder. A Bibliometric and Visualized Overview for the Evolution of Process Safety and Environmental Protection. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Xue; Genserik Reniers; Jie Li; Ming Yang; Chaozhong Wu; P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder. 2021. "A Bibliometric and Visualized Overview for the Evolution of Process Safety and Environmental Protection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5985.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the trade-off between economics and epidemic prevention (safety) has become painfully clear worldwide. This situation thus highlights the significance of balancing the economy with safety and health. Safety economics, considering the interdependencies between safety and micro-economics, is ideal for supporting this kind of decision-making. Although economic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis have been used in safety management, little attention has been paid to the fundamental issues and the primary methodologies in safety economics. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic study on safety economics to analyze the foundational issues and explore the possible approaches. Firstly, safety economics is defined as a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research focusing on the interdependencies and coevolution of micro-economies and safety. Then we explore the role of safety economics in safety management and production investment. Furthermore, to make decisions more profitable, economic approaches are summarized and analyzed for decision-making about prevention investments and/or safety strategies. Finally, we discuss some open issues in safety economics and possible pathways to improve this research field, such as security economics, risk perception, and multi-criteria analysis.
Chao Chen; Genserik Reniers; Nima Khakzad; Ming Yang. Operational safety economics: Foundations, current approaches and paths for future research. Safety Science 2021, 141, 105326 .
AMA StyleChao Chen, Genserik Reniers, Nima Khakzad, Ming Yang. Operational safety economics: Foundations, current approaches and paths for future research. Safety Science. 2021; 141 ():105326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Genserik Reniers; Nima Khakzad; Ming Yang. 2021. "Operational safety economics: Foundations, current approaches and paths for future research." Safety Science 141, no. : 105326.
This paper argues that energy systems are becoming increasingly complex, and illustrates how new types of hazards emerge from an ongoing transition towards renewable energy sources. It shows that the energy sector relies heavily on risk assessment methods that are analytic, and that systemic methods provide important additional insights. A case study of the Dutch gas sector illustrates this by comparing the hazard and operability study (HAZOP, analytic) with the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA, systemic). The contribution is twofold. This paper illustrates how system hazards will remain underestimated by sustained use of only analytic methods, and it highlights the need to study the organization of safety in energy transitions. We conclude that appropriate risk assessment for future energy systems involves both analytic and systemic risk assessments.
Ben Riemersma; Rolf Künneke; Genserik Reniers; Aad Correljé. Upholding Safety in Future Energy Systems: The Need for Systemic Risk Assessment. Energies 2020, 13, 6523 .
AMA StyleBen Riemersma, Rolf Künneke, Genserik Reniers, Aad Correljé. Upholding Safety in Future Energy Systems: The Need for Systemic Risk Assessment. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6523.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Riemersma; Rolf Künneke; Genserik Reniers; Aad Correljé. 2020. "Upholding Safety in Future Energy Systems: The Need for Systemic Risk Assessment." Energies 13, no. 24: 6523.
In the chemical industry, multi-hazard (toxic, flammable, and explosive) materials such as acrylonitrile are stored, transported, and processed in large quantities. A release of multi-hazard materials can simultaneously or sequentially lead to acute toxicity, fire and explosion. The spatial-temporal evolution of hazards may also result in cascading effects. In this study, a dynamic methodology called “Dynamic Graph Monte Carlo” (DGMC) is developed to model the evolution of multi-hazard accident scenarios and assess the vulnerability of humans and installations exposed to such hazards. In the DGMC model, chemical plants are modeled as a multi-agent system with three kinds of agents: hazardous installations, ignition sources, and humans while considering the uncertainties and interdependencies among the agents and their impacts on the evolution of hazards and possible escalation effects. A case study is analyzed using the DGMC methodology, demonstrating that the risk can be underestimated if the spatial-temporal evolution of multi-hazard scenarios is neglected. Vapor cloud explosion (VCEs) may lead to more severe damage than fire, and the safety distances which are implemented only based on fire hazards are not sufficient to prevent from the damage of VCEs.
Chao Chen; Genserik Reniers; Nima Khakzad. A dynamic multi-agent approach for modeling the evolution of multi-hazard accident scenarios in chemical plants. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2020, 207, 107349 .
AMA StyleChao Chen, Genserik Reniers, Nima Khakzad. A dynamic multi-agent approach for modeling the evolution of multi-hazard accident scenarios in chemical plants. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2020; 207 ():107349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Genserik Reniers; Nima Khakzad. 2020. "A dynamic multi-agent approach for modeling the evolution of multi-hazard accident scenarios in chemical plants." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 207, no. : 107349.
Emerging risk models are still scarce and far from agreed upon. They are currently the focus of increasing interest in the occupational context. Consequently, frameworks that deal with emerging risk management in industrial contexts are very recent or, even still, in the development and maturation stage. Uncertainty should be considered as the main characteristic of emerging risk in this context. It is as such that the main objective of this paper is to develop a qualitative approach inspired by meta-learning lessons to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management, considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts. To this end, uncertainty has been integrated, as a combination of knowledge and understanding, in a theoretical framework on emerging risk. An emerging risk classification scheme has been developed with the results obtained. This scheme makes it possible to estimate the level of emerging risk and management strategies based on the combination of uncertainty and the potential consequences of emerging risk. Such approach has been applied to three case studies with different evolutionary degrees of emerging risk: exoskeletons; nanomaterials; and industrial automation. The proposed approach could be considered primarily as a qualitative tool applicable to the process of pre-assessment and communication of emerging risk.
F. Brocal; N. Paltrinieri; C. González-Gaya; M.A. Sebastián; G. Reniers. Approach to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts. Safety Science 2020, 134, 105041 .
AMA StyleF. Brocal, N. Paltrinieri, C. González-Gaya, M.A. Sebastián, G. Reniers. Approach to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts. Safety Science. 2020; 134 ():105041.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Brocal; N. Paltrinieri; C. González-Gaya; M.A. Sebastián; G. Reniers. 2020. "Approach to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts." Safety Science 134, no. : 105041.
Large accidents throughout the 20th century marked the development of safety fields in engineering, devoted to better identify hazards, understand risks and properly manage them. As these fields evolved rather quickly and moved from a compliance to a risk-based approach, a significant delay in this transition was experienced in fire safety engineering (FSE). Devastating fires well into the 21st century and the restrictive nature of prescriptive codes signaled the need to transition towards a performance-based one. A performance-based approach provides flexibility and capitalizes on learning from accidental events and engineering disciplines such as process safety and FSE. This work provides an overview of the main alternatives to account for uncertainty in safety studies within the context of FSE, including traditional probabilistic analyses and emerging approaches such as strength of knowledge. A simple example is used to illustrate the impact of the uncertainty analysis on the results of a simple fire safety assessment. A structured evaluation is performed on each alternative to assess its ease of implementation and communication. The outcome is a compendium of advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives that constitute a toolbox for fire safety engineers to configure and use within their fire risk assessments. Process safety engineers are expected to gain an understanding of the similar and important challenges of FSE, being it directly relevant for process risk management and fire risk management in administrative buildings.
Jaime E. Cadena; Andres F. Osorio; Jose L. Torero; Genserik Reniers; David Lange. Uncertainty-based decision-making in fire safety: Analyzing the alternatives. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2020, 68, 104288 .
AMA StyleJaime E. Cadena, Andres F. Osorio, Jose L. Torero, Genserik Reniers, David Lange. Uncertainty-based decision-making in fire safety: Analyzing the alternatives. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2020; 68 ():104288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime E. Cadena; Andres F. Osorio; Jose L. Torero; Genserik Reniers; David Lange. 2020. "Uncertainty-based decision-making in fire safety: Analyzing the alternatives." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 68, no. : 104288.
The terrorist attack on the Abqaiq oil plant in Saudi Arabia on September 14, 2019 attracted global attention to the significant role of safety and security in the sustainable oil and gas supply chain and the vulnerability of supply infrastructures subject to intentional and unintentional damages. Different from other oil and gas supply infrastructures, oil and gas pipelines may be more vulnerable to accidental, natural and intentional threats due to their widespread distribution. Therefore a systematic and thorough review is carried out to investigate safety and security of oil and gas pipelines based on bibliometric analysis. First, a total of 598 publications between 1970 and 2019 related to safety and security of oil and natural gas pipelines was retrieved and refined from the database of Web of Science (WoS). The 598 publications are analyzed by the bibliometric software VOSviewer to obtain the temporal and regional distribution of publications, to identify “productive institutions” and “productive authors”, and create the cooperation networks between institutions and authors. Besides, the evolution of research topics and research methods are identified based on keywords and bibliographic analysis. Moreover, the main research topics and research methods are analyzed to obtain insight into the research evolutions and trends. Risk assessment, leakage, and corrosion are the main topics while QRA, fuzzy theory and the Bayesian network are the most frequently used research methods. To further improve the sustainability of oil and gas pipelines, this study provides and discusses future research needs such as pipeline security, environmental sustainability, pipeline system resilience. According to these results, the research on risk assessment based on Bayesian network and consequence analysis using CFD may increase in the future. Besides, more research and guidelines on pipeline security, resilience, and environmental impacts to better protect pipelines, are expected.
Chao Chen; Changjun Li; Genserik Reniers; Fuqiang Yang. Safety and security of oil and gas pipeline transportation: A systematic analysis of research trends and future needs using WoS. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 279, 123583 .
AMA StyleChao Chen, Changjun Li, Genserik Reniers, Fuqiang Yang. Safety and security of oil and gas pipeline transportation: A systematic analysis of research trends and future needs using WoS. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 279 ():123583.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Changjun Li; Genserik Reniers; Fuqiang Yang. 2020. "Safety and security of oil and gas pipeline transportation: A systematic analysis of research trends and future needs using WoS." Journal of Cleaner Production 279, no. : 123583.
Although mandatory in most high-risk industries, the safety management system (SMS) is often criticized as burdensome and complex. Through its requirement to formalize all main activities, the SMS is perceived as bureaucratic and a vehicle for pure compliance and Safety I (one). Furthermore, the SMS is often detached from an organization’s core activities, goes against local practice and does not deliver the safe performance that was hoped for. By comparing the model behind SMS with specific requirements for process capability, this paper identifies a safety fractal that reflects the basic requirements that are needed to control safety related activities at all levels within an organization. It is further argued that the constituent elements of this safety fractal are particularly suitable to organize resilient performance, provided that resilience is explicitly identified as the safety strategy to follow and, as such, consequently implemented. This approach is then positioned against common safety management concepts as management system maturity, leadership and safety culture, leading to a systematic and a more comprehensive view on how to measure safety performance and resilience.
Bart Accou; Genserik Reniers. Introducing the Extended Safety Fractal: Reusing the Concept of Safety Management Systems to Organize Resilient Organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5478 .
AMA StyleBart Accou, Genserik Reniers. Introducing the Extended Safety Fractal: Reusing the Concept of Safety Management Systems to Organize Resilient Organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBart Accou; Genserik Reniers. 2020. "Introducing the Extended Safety Fractal: Reusing the Concept of Safety Management Systems to Organize Resilient Organizations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5478.
The increasing demand for chemical products has driven the construction and development of chemical industrial areas, or so-called ‘chemical industrial parks’ (CIPs), but this has intrinsically raised the risk of major accidents. Therefore, it is significant and urgent to summarize the state of art and research needs in the field of CIP safety. In this paper, a keyword co-occurrence analysis of 116 scientific articles was conducted to support the classification of research topics in this field, then an overview of those research topics was presented to investigate the evolution of safety research with respect to CIPs. Specifically, the way that safety assessments are conducted, as well as how safety management and safety technology in such areas are classified and investigated, followed by detailed descriptions of representative methods and their contributions to CIP safety, are discussed. An integrated safety framework for CIPs is proposed to organize safety approaches and measures systematically. Based on the classification and analysis of studies on management, assessment, and technology related to CIP safety, the research trends and future directions and challenges are discussed and outlined. Those results are useful for improving theoretical method and industrial strategies, and can advance the safety and sustainability development of CIPs.
Tao Zeng; Guohua Chen; Yunfeng Yang; Genserik Reniers; Yixin Zhao; Xia Liu. A Systematic Literature Review on Safety Research Related to Chemical Industrial Parks. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5753 .
AMA StyleTao Zeng, Guohua Chen, Yunfeng Yang, Genserik Reniers, Yixin Zhao, Xia Liu. A Systematic Literature Review on Safety Research Related to Chemical Industrial Parks. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Zeng; Guohua Chen; Yunfeng Yang; Genserik Reniers; Yixin Zhao; Xia Liu. 2020. "A Systematic Literature Review on Safety Research Related to Chemical Industrial Parks." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5753.
In the past one hundred years, concepts such as risk, safety and security have become ever more important and they represent a growing concern in our society. These concepts are also important subjects of study to enhance sustainability. During the past fifty years, safety science has gradually developed as an independent field of science. In this period, different concepts, theories, models and research traditions have emerged, each with its specific perspective. Safety science is now focused on finding ways to proactively achieve safety versus reaching safety in a reactive way. We think this increasing awareness and search for proactiveness can be found and presented when viewed in light of the systems thinking iceberg model, where increasing awareness and proactiveness can be seen as digging deeper into this systems thinking iceberg, discovering the levels of systems, structures and ultimately the mental models that are “below the waterline”. It offers a way forward in understanding, and proactively managing, risk, safety, security and sustainable performance, in organizations and ultimately in society as a whole.
Peter Blokland; Genserik Reniers. Safety Science, a Systems Thinking Perspective: From Events to Mental Models and Sustainable Safety. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5164 .
AMA StylePeter Blokland, Genserik Reniers. Safety Science, a Systems Thinking Perspective: From Events to Mental Models and Sustainable Safety. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5164.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Blokland; Genserik Reniers. 2020. "Safety Science, a Systems Thinking Perspective: From Events to Mental Models and Sustainable Safety." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5164.
Dr. Kletz is one the pioneers in the process safety area, known widely for his work on inherent safety design and loss prevention. He worked 38 years in Imperial Chemical Industries, and became a fulltime researcher only after his retirement. He published more than 200 papers and 15 books during his retirement. The intellectual basis analysis presented in this article shows that he frequently cited his books in his articles, indicating that his industrial experience was very influential to his scholarly contributions. Lawley, H.G. was one of the researchers whose work had most influence on Kletz's research. Among Dr. Kletz's publications, the article ‘What You Don't Have, Can't Leak’ has the highest impact, while his most influential book is ‘Process plants: A handbook for inherently safer design’. The references co-citation network is divided in two clearly connected components: his earlier work related to infra-red spectra, and his later work addressing process safety related topics, including inherent safety and hazard and accident analysis. Both his work and that of his followers is rooted in a similar intellectual basis within process safety research, in which particularly Dr. Kletz's earlier work forms an influential original body of knowledge rooted in his industrial experience. His career is a prime example of how process safety research has been strongly influenced by knowledge from industrial practice, illustrating that a continued strong connection between industry and academia can lead to very fruitful outcomes. It is hoped that the presented analysis can inspire especially young graduates with academic interests to first embark on an industrial career to gain industrial experience before aiming to contribute to academic process safety knowledge.
Jie Li; Floris Goerlandt; Genserik Reniers. Trevor Kletz's scholarly legacy: A co-citation analysis. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2020, 66, 104166 .
AMA StyleJie Li, Floris Goerlandt, Genserik Reniers. Trevor Kletz's scholarly legacy: A co-citation analysis. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2020; 66 ():104166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Li; Floris Goerlandt; Genserik Reniers. 2020. "Trevor Kletz's scholarly legacy: A co-citation analysis." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 66, no. : 104166.
Risk communication is a significant research domain with practical importance in supporting societal risk governance and informed private decision making. In this article, a high-level analysis of the risk communication research domain is performed using scientometrics methods and visualization tools. Output trends and geographical patterns are identified, and patterns in scientific categories determined. A journal distribution analysis provides insights into dominant journals and the domain’s intellectual base. Thematic clusters and temporal evolution of focus topics are obtained using a terms analysis, and a co-citation analysis provides insights into the evolution of research fronts and key documents. The results indicate that the research volume grows exponentially, with by far most contributions originating from Western countries. The domain is highly interdisciplinary, rooted in psychology and social sciences, and branching mainly into medicine and environmental sciences. Narrative themes focus on risk communication in medical and societal risk governance contexts. The domain originated from public health and environmental concerns, with subsequent research fronts addressing risk communication concepts and models. Applied research fronts are associated with environmental hazards, public health, medical risks, nuclear power, and emergency response to various natural hazards. Based on the results, various avenues for future research are described.
Floris Goerlandt; Jie Li; Genserik Reniers. The Landscape of Risk Communication Research: A Scientometric Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3255 .
AMA StyleFloris Goerlandt, Jie Li, Genserik Reniers. The Landscape of Risk Communication Research: A Scientometric Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (9):3255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloris Goerlandt; Jie Li; Genserik Reniers. 2020. "The Landscape of Risk Communication Research: A Scientometric Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3255.
Dr. M. Sam Mannan is one of the true pioneers in the process safety area, spending almost his entire lifetime in process safety and risk research. He was dedicated to ‘make safety second nature’ and published an impressive body of work. An overview of his research helps understanding the process safety area and provides insight in the legacy of this process safety pioneer. In this paper, 327 publications authored by Dr. Mannan from 1999 to 2019 in Web of Science core collection were downloaded and visually analyzed from four perspectives: his publication outputs, collaboration networks, topic areas, and highly cited papers and cited references. The results show a rapidly increasing trend in his research activity, mostly through journal publications. He published in 53 different outlets, with Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries being most frequently selected. Dr. Mannan had a very active and diverse worldwide network, and collaborated with 18 different countries/regions, nearly 90 different institutions and 387 authors. His publications addressed process safety-related topics widely, including safety related to liquefied natural gas, explosions, runaway reactions, inherent safety, flammability and aerosol, and more recently resilience. Dr. Mannan's most cited paper focused on ‘fuzzy risk matrix’, whereas the most frequently cited reference in his work is ‘thermal hazard evaluation by an accelerating rate calorimeter’ by Townsend DI in 1980. Based on his most recent research activity, promising future directions for process safety research include resilience linked to risk assessment and management, for instance through the ‘safety triad’ concept he promoted shortly before passing away.
Jie Li; Floris Goerlandt; Genserik Reniers; Bin Zhang. Sam Mannan and his scientific publications: A life in process safety research. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2020, 66, 104140 .
AMA StyleJie Li, Floris Goerlandt, Genserik Reniers, Bin Zhang. Sam Mannan and his scientific publications: A life in process safety research. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2020; 66 ():104140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Li; Floris Goerlandt; Genserik Reniers; Bin Zhang. 2020. "Sam Mannan and his scientific publications: A life in process safety research." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 66, no. : 104140.
Safety management is usually conducted by selecting among a vast array of different safety measures to reduce the frequency or to mitigate the consequences of undesired events, or both. it is impossible to take all of possible safety measures in a large chemical industrial area since protection resources and safety budgets are always limited. As a result, financial and economic issues related to risk play an indispensable role in the decision-making process with respect to safety management. This chapter firstly introduces the risk-based decision-making on safety measures in the process industry. Second, the costs related to safety measures and the costs associated with major accidents are summarized and the decision-making based on the total costs related to safety is developed. Then, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) based on net present value (NPV) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) are illustrated to support decision-making on protection strategies. Finally, economic optimization models based on CBA and CEA as well as a relative optimization algorithm are presented to obtain the most profitable and cost-effective protection strategy.
Chao Chen; Genserik Reniers. Economic approaches for making prevention and safety investment decisions in the process industry. Methods in Chemical Process Safety 2020, 355 -378.
AMA StyleChao Chen, Genserik Reniers. Economic approaches for making prevention and safety investment decisions in the process industry. Methods in Chemical Process Safety. 2020; ():355-378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Genserik Reniers. 2020. "Economic approaches for making prevention and safety investment decisions in the process industry." Methods in Chemical Process Safety , no. : 355-378.
Over the last decades, process safety has been an important area of academic inquiry, aiming to build knowledge which can contribute to reduce the occurrence of industrial accidents in the process and chemical industries, or to mitigate their consequences. Knowledge in this interdisciplinary research domain is created using applied science, engineering, organizational, and social science approaches. This article provides a retrospective overview of the process safety research field, through the lens of three major journals contributing to the development of this knowledge domain: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, and Process Safety Progress. An analysis of the articles in these journals, published between 1999 and 2018, provides insights in the structure, developments, trends, and highly influential works in this research domain, while revealing differences and similarities between these three core process safety journals. General publication trends, the geographic distribution of leading knowledge producers (countries/regions and institutions), their collaboration and temporal evolution patterns, topic clusters and emerging trends, and highly cited sources and articles, are identified and discussed.
Jie Li; Floris Goerlandt; Genserik Reniers. Mapping process safety: A retrospective scientometric analysis of three process safety related journals (1999–2018). Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2020, 65, 104141 .
AMA StyleJie Li, Floris Goerlandt, Genserik Reniers. Mapping process safety: A retrospective scientometric analysis of three process safety related journals (1999–2018). Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2020; 65 ():104141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Li; Floris Goerlandt; Genserik Reniers. 2020. "Mapping process safety: A retrospective scientometric analysis of three process safety related journals (1999–2018)." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 65, no. : 104141.