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Marcus Giese
Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Agriculture
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Integrated-crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems are currently promoted as a measure for sustainable intensification of agricultural production. However, due to complex interactions among ICLF components, we are still lacking evidence about the system’s resilience regarding water availability, especially for regions characterized by pronounced wet and dry seasons and frequent droughts. For a mature ICLF system in the Cerrado biome of central-west Brazil comprising rows of eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, H13 clone) at a spacing of 22 m in combination with Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã pasture we continuously measured soil moisture (SM) until 1 m depth and supported this data with measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and aboveground green grass biomass (AGBM) across transects between the tree rows for almost two years. Across the seasons a distinct gradient was observed with SM being lower close to the tree rows than in the space between them. During winter SM decreased to critical values near the tree lines in the topsoil. During spring and summer, incident PAR was 72% and 86% lower close to the trees than at the center point. For autumn and winter PAR was more evenly distributed between the tree rows due to inclination with notably up to four times more radiation input near the tree lines compared to spring and summer. AGBM showed a clear distribution with maximum values in the center and about half of the biomass close to the tree rows. Our data suggest that, restrictions in AGBM accumulation shifted among seasons between water limitations in winter and light limitations during summer. Interestingly, SM changes during wetting and drying events were most pronounced in subsoils near the tree rows, while the topsoil showed much less fluctuations. The subsoil in central position showed the lowest SM dynamics in response to drought maintaining a relative high and constant SM content, therefore functioning as important water reservoirs likely improving the resilience of the system to drought stress. Results of this study could help to improve management and the design of ICLF systems in view of sustainability and resistance to (water) crises but should be further supported by in depth analysis of soil water dynamics as affected by climate gradients, soil types and different management practices.

ACS Style

Sarah Glatzle; Sabine Stuerz; Marcus Giese; Mariana Pereira; Roberto de Almeida; Davi Bungenstab; Manuel Macedo; Folkard Asch. Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in an Integrated-Crop-Livestock-Forestry System in Central-West Brazil. Agriculture 2021, 11, 245 .

AMA Style

Sarah Glatzle, Sabine Stuerz, Marcus Giese, Mariana Pereira, Roberto de Almeida, Davi Bungenstab, Manuel Macedo, Folkard Asch. Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in an Integrated-Crop-Livestock-Forestry System in Central-West Brazil. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (3):245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah Glatzle; Sabine Stuerz; Marcus Giese; Mariana Pereira; Roberto de Almeida; Davi Bungenstab; Manuel Macedo; Folkard Asch. 2021. "Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Moisture in an Integrated-Crop-Livestock-Forestry System in Central-West Brazil." Agriculture 11, no. 3: 245.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2018 in Sustainability
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High impact grazing (HIG) was proposed as a management option to reduce standing dead biomass in Northern Argentinean (Chaco) rangelands. However, the effects of HIG on grassland diversity and shifts in plant functional groups are largely unknown but essential to assess the sustainability of the impact. During a two-year grazing experiment, HIG was applied every month to analyze the seasonal effects on plant species composition and plant functional groups. The results indicate that irrespective of the season in which HIG was applied, the diversity parameters were not negatively affected. Species richness, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and the Shannon’s equitability index did not differ from the control site within a 12-month period after HIG. While plant functional groups of dicotyledonous and annual species could not benefit from the HIG disturbance, C3-, C4-monocotyledonous and perennials increased their absolute and relative green cover. Our results suggest that HIG, if not applied in shorter frequencies than a year, neither alters diversity nor shifts the plant species composition of the grassland plant community, but instead it promotes previously established rather competitive species. HIG could therefore contribute as an alternative management practice to the sustainable land use intensification of the “Gran Chaco” grassland ecosystem and even counteract the encroachment of “low value” species.

ACS Style

Ditmar Bernardo Kurtz; Marcus Giese; Folkard Asch; Saskia Helen Windisch; María Cristina Goldfarb. Effects of High Impact Grazing on Species Diversity and Plant Functional Groups in Grasslands of Northern Argentina. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3153 .

AMA Style

Ditmar Bernardo Kurtz, Marcus Giese, Folkard Asch, Saskia Helen Windisch, María Cristina Goldfarb. Effects of High Impact Grazing on Species Diversity and Plant Functional Groups in Grasslands of Northern Argentina. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ditmar Bernardo Kurtz; Marcus Giese; Folkard Asch; Saskia Helen Windisch; María Cristina Goldfarb. 2018. "Effects of High Impact Grazing on Species Diversity and Plant Functional Groups in Grasslands of Northern Argentina." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3153.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2013 in Environmental and Experimental Botany
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High altitude upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems are expected to benefit from climate change induced increase in temperatures. The potential yield of rice genotypes is governed by the thermal environment experienced during crop development phases when yield components are determined. Thus, knowledge on genotypic variability in phenotypic responses to variable temperature is required for assessing the adaptability of rice production to changing climate. Although, several crop models are available for this task, genotypic thermal constants used to simulate crop phenology vary strongly among the models and are under debate. Therefore, we conducted field trials with ten contrasting upland rice (O. sativa L.) genotypes on three locations along an altitudinal gradient with five monthly staggered sowing dates for two years in Madagascar with the aim to study phenological responses at different temperature regimes. We found that, crop duration is equally influenced by genotype selection, sowing date and year in the high altitude. In contrast, in mid altitudes genotype has no effect on crop duration. At low altitudes crop duration is more affected by sowing date. Grain yield is strongly affected by low temperatures at high altitudes and severly influenced by frequent tropical cyclones at low altitudes. In high altitude, genotype explained 68% of variation in spikelet sterility, whereas in mid and low altitudes environment explained more than 70% of the variation. The phenological responses determining crop duration and yield, the basic genotypic thermal constants, and the analyses of genotypic thermal responses with regard to spikelet sterility reported here, provide valuable information for the improvement of rice phenological models urgently needed to develop new genotypes and better adapted cropping calendars. (Résumé d'auteur

ACS Style

Suchit Shrestha; Folkard Asch; Holger Brueck; Marcus Giese; Julie Dusserre; Alain Ramanantsoanirina. Phenological responses of upland rice grown along an altitudinal gradient. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2013, 89, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Suchit Shrestha, Folkard Asch, Holger Brueck, Marcus Giese, Julie Dusserre, Alain Ramanantsoanirina. Phenological responses of upland rice grown along an altitudinal gradient. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2013; 89 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suchit Shrestha; Folkard Asch; Holger Brueck; Marcus Giese; Julie Dusserre; Alain Ramanantsoanirina. 2013. "Phenological responses of upland rice grown along an altitudinal gradient." Environmental and Experimental Botany 89, no. : 1-10.