This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Dr. Muhammad Ali Raza
Sichuan Agricultural University

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Cereals
0 Plant Nutrition
0 legumes
0 intercropping
0 Light Environment

Fingerprints

intercropping
Light Environment
Cereals
legumes

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
Profile ImageMukhtar Ahmed Swedish University of Agricu...
Following: 4 users
View all

Feed

Original research
Published: 30 July 2021 in Food and Energy Security
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Intercropping Moldavian balm with mung bean is an ecological approach for improving resource productivity. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the effect of fertilizer application on yield and essential oil (EO) productivity of Moldavian balm intercropped with mung bean. The experiment had a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The first factor comprised of five cropping patterns: Moldavian balm sole crop (MBs), mung bean sole crop (MGs), one row each of Moldavian balm +mung bean (1MB:1MG), two rows each of Moldavian balm +mung bean (2MB:2MG), and three rows of Moldavian balm +two rows of mung bean (3MB:2MG). The second factor comprised four fertilizer sources: no fertilizer application (C, control), 100% chemical fertilizer (NPK), 50% chemical fertilizer +100% bacterial fertilizer (NPK+BF), and 100% bacterial fertilizer +100% mycorrhizal fungi (BF+MF). The sole crop fertilized with NPK+BF produced the highest seed yields for MG (1189 kg/ha) and MB (7027 kg/ha), while 3MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF had the highest nutrient contents. Moldavian balm produced the highest EO content and yield in 2MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF. The EO of MB mainly comprised geranyl acetate (30–39%), geranial (20–31%), neral (18–24%), and geraniol (3–8%). In addition, the 3MB:2MG intercropping treatment fertilized with NPK+BF had the highest land equivalent ratio (LER = 1.35). We recommend an intercropping ratio of 2MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF is recommended as an alternative and eco-friendly strategy for farmers to improve EO quantity and quality.

ACS Style

Shahin Faridvand; Esmaeil Rezaei‐Chiyaneh; Martin Leonardo Battaglia; Harun I. Gitari; Muhammad Ali Raza; Kadambot H. M. Siddique. Application of bio and chemical fertilizers improves yield, and essential oil quantity and quality of Moldavian balm ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) intercropped with mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). Food and Energy Security 2021, e319 .

AMA Style

Shahin Faridvand, Esmaeil Rezaei‐Chiyaneh, Martin Leonardo Battaglia, Harun I. Gitari, Muhammad Ali Raza, Kadambot H. M. Siddique. Application of bio and chemical fertilizers improves yield, and essential oil quantity and quality of Moldavian balm ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) intercropped with mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). Food and Energy Security. 2021; ():e319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahin Faridvand; Esmaeil Rezaei‐Chiyaneh; Martin Leonardo Battaglia; Harun I. Gitari; Muhammad Ali Raza; Kadambot H. M. Siddique. 2021. "Application of bio and chemical fertilizers improves yield, and essential oil quantity and quality of Moldavian balm ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) intercropped with mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.)." Food and Energy Security , no. : e319.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in Plants
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The frequency of heavy rains is increasing with climate change in regions that already have high annual rainfall (i.e., Sichuan, China). Crop response under such high-rainfall conditions is to increase dry matter investment in vegetative parts rather than reproductive parts. In the case of soybean, leaf redundancy prevails, which reduces the light transmittance and seed yield. However, moderate defoliation of soybean canopy could reduce leaf redundancy and improve soybean yield, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Therefore, the effects of three defoliation treatments (T1, 15%; T2, 30%; and T3, 45% defoliation from the top of the soybean canopy; defoliation treatments were applied at the pod initiation stage of soybean) on the growth and yield parameters of soybean were evaluated through field experiments in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019. All results were compared with nondefoliated soybean plants (CK) under high-rainfall conditions. Compared with CK, treatment T1 significantly (p< 0. 05) improved the light transmittance and photosynthetic rate of soybean. Consequently, the leaf greenness was enhanced by 22%, which delayed the leaf senescence by 13% at physiological maturity. Besides, compared to CK, soybean plants achieved the highest values of crop growth rate in T1, which increased the total dry matter accumulation (by 6%) and its translocation to vegetative parts (by 4%) and reproductive parts (by 8%) at physiological maturity. This improved soybean growth and dry matter partitioning to reproductive parts in T1 enhanced the pod number (by 23%, from 823.8 m−2 in CK to 1012.7 m−2 in T1) and seed number (by 11%, from 1181.4 m−2 in CK to 1311.7 m−2 in T1), whereas the heavy defoliation treatments considerably decreased all measured growth and yield parameters. On average, treatment T1 increased soybean seed yield by 9% (from 2120.2 kg ha−1 in CK to 2318.2 kg ha−1 in T1), while T2 and T3 decreased soybean seed yield by 19% and 33%, respectively, compared to CK. Overall, these findings indicate that the optimum defoliation, i.e., T1 (15% defoliation), can decrease leaf redundancy and increase seed yield by reducing the adverse effects of mutual shading and increasing the dry matter translocation to reproductive parts than vegetative parts in soybean, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Future studies are needed to understand the internal signaling and the molecular mechanism controlling and regulating dry matter production and partitioning in soybean, especially from the pod initiation stage to the physiological maturity stage.

ACS Style

Muhammad Raza; Hina Gul; Feng Yang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions. Plants 2021, 10, 1497 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Raza, Hina Gul, Feng Yang, Mukhtar Ahmed, Wenyu Yang. Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Raza; Hina Gul; Feng Yang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions." Plants 10, no. 8: 1497.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Journal of Fungi
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Fusarium graminearum is the most devastating pathogen of Fusarium head blight of cereals, stalk and ear of maize, and it has recently become a potential threat for soybean as maize-soybean strip relay intercropping is widely practiced in China. To elucidate the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on intercropped soybean which causes root rot, transcriptional profiling of F. graminearum at 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) on soybean hypocotyl tissues was conducted. In total, 2313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of F. graminearum were annotated by both KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Among them, 128 DEGs were commonly expressed at three inoculation time points while the maximum DEGs were induced at 24 hpi. In addition, DEGs were also rich in carbon metabolism, ribosome and peroxisome pathways which might contribute to carbon source utilization, sexual reproduction, virulence and survival of F. graminearum when infected on soybean. Hence, this study will provide some basis for the deep understanding the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on different hosts and its effective control in maize-soybean strip relay intercropping systems.

ACS Style

Muhammd Naeem; Maira Munir; Hongju Li; Muhammad Raza; Chun Song; Xiaoling Wu; Gulshan Irshad; Muhammad Khalid; Wenyu Yang; Xiaoli Chang. Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 422 .

AMA Style

Muhammd Naeem, Maira Munir, Hongju Li, Muhammad Raza, Chun Song, Xiaoling Wu, Gulshan Irshad, Muhammad Khalid, Wenyu Yang, Xiaoli Chang. Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (6):422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammd Naeem; Maira Munir; Hongju Li; Muhammad Raza; Chun Song; Xiaoling Wu; Gulshan Irshad; Muhammad Khalid; Wenyu Yang; Xiaoli Chang. 2021. "Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 422.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Intercropping improves crop productivity in dryland farms, but little information is available on its application to irrigated land. Therefore, a three-year field trial was conducted to compare two maize-soybean strip-intercropping planting patterns (two-rows of maize intercropped with two-rows of soybean [2M2S] or -three rows of soybean [2M3S]) were studied with sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS) systems. Our results showed that wider-strips of soybean grown as 2M3S had significantly higher leaf area index (LAI; 19%), total dry matter accumulation (TDM; 15%), and grain yield (21%) than the narrower 2M2S strips; this is likely related to the reduced effects of maize shading on soybean. Slightly decreased LAI (4%), TDM (8%), and grain yield (5%) of maize were found in 2M3S. On average, intercropped maize and soybean produced 80% and 52% in 2M2S and 76% and 63% in 2M3S compared to SM and SS yields, respectively, demonstrating the dominance of maize over soybean when intercropped. Similarly, maize was a stronger competitor for water than soybean, with partial water equivalent ratio of 0.81 in 2M2S and 0.78 in 2M3S, while that of soybean was 0.54 in 2M2S and 0.66 in 2M3S. In the intercropping systems, the land equivalent ratio ranged from 1.31 to 1.45, and the water equivalent ratio ranged from 1.32 to 1.49, exhibiting that maize-soybean strip-intercropping is a productive strategy to maximize water use efficiency. The results suggest that the maize-soybean strip-intercropping system may be a productive and sustainable strategy to improve the water use efficiency and land productivity under irrigated conditions. This strategy could benefit agriculture with cleaner, and more efficient production under a global scenario of constrained land and water resources. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of intercropping systems in various growing conditions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Hina Gul; Jun Wang; Hassan Shehryar Yasin; Ruijun Qin; Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Muhammd Naeem; Ling Yang Feng; Nasir Iqbal; Harun Gitari; Shakeel Ahmad; Martin Battaglia; Muhammad Ansar; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 308, 127282 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Ali Raza, Hina Gul, Jun Wang, Hassan Shehryar Yasin, Ruijun Qin, Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid, Muhammd Naeem, Ling Yang Feng, Nasir Iqbal, Harun Gitari, Shakeel Ahmad, Martin Battaglia, Muhammad Ansar, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang. Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 308 ():127282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Hina Gul; Jun Wang; Hassan Shehryar Yasin; Ruijun Qin; Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Muhammd Naeem; Ling Yang Feng; Nasir Iqbal; Harun Gitari; Shakeel Ahmad; Martin Battaglia; Muhammad Ansar; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan." Journal of Cleaner Production 308, no. : 127282.

Research article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Maize/soybean relay intercropping system is a popular cultivation system to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, shading by maize decreases the photosynthetically active radiation, reaching the soybean canopy in maize/soybean relay intercropping system, which reduces soybean radiation use efficiency and competitiveness. Here, we reveal that compact maize in maize/soybean relay intercropping system enhances the photosynthetically active radiation transmittance, leaf area index, dry matter production, radiation use efficiency, and competitiveness of soybean and compensates the slight maize yield loss by substantially increasing soybean yield. In this experiment, soybean was relay intercropped with different maize types (SI, spreading maize; SII, semi-compact maize; and SIII, compact maize) in maize/soybean relay intercropping system, and all the relay intercropping treatments were compared with sole cropping systems of soybean and maize. Results revealed that SIII significantly enhanced the soybean radiation use efficiency (by 77%, from 0.35 g MJ−1 in SI to 0.61 g MJ−1 in SIII) and total radiation use efficiency (soybean radiation use efficiency + maize radiation use efficiency) of maize/soybean relay intercropping system (by 5%, from 3.53 g MJ−1 in SI to 3.73 g MJ−1 in SIII). Similarly, SIII improved the competitiveness (by 62%, from 0.58% in SI to 0.94% in SIII) of soybean but reduced the competitiveness (by 38%, from 1.73% in SI to 1.07% in SIII) of maize, which, in turn, considerably increased soybean yield by maintaining maize yield. On average, over the 2 years, in SIII, relay-intercropped soybean produced 89% of the sole soybean yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 95% of the sole maize yield. Besides, treatment SIII achieved the mean highest land equivalent ratio value of 1.84 in both years. Thus, enhanced radiation use efficiency of soybean, especially during the co-growth period, was the primary factor responsible for the high productivity of the maize/soybean relay intercropping system.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Imran Khan; Atta Mohi Ud Din; Guopeng Chen; Muhammad Ansar; Mukhtar Ahmed; Shakeel Ahmad; Abdul Manaf; John Kwame Titriku; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 41135 -41148.

AMA Style

Muhammad Ali Raza, Liang Cui, Imran Khan, Atta Mohi Ud Din, Guopeng Chen, Muhammad Ansar, Mukhtar Ahmed, Shakeel Ahmad, Abdul Manaf, John Kwame Titriku, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang. Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (30):41135-41148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Imran Khan; Atta Mohi Ud Din; Guopeng Chen; Muhammad Ansar; Mukhtar Ahmed; Shakeel Ahmad; Abdul Manaf; John Kwame Titriku; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 30: 41135-41148.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Livestock development in rainfed areas is slower due to the inadequate supply of nutritious fodder. Mono-cropping systems also have a negative impact on forage yield and nutrition as cereals are deficient in protein. Hence, there is a dire need to grow cereals with legumes to improve forage yield and quality. Therefore, a two-year field study was undertaken to evaluate winter cereal–legume forage and their mixtures viz. oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock) under different tillage systems viz. conventional tillage (moldboard plow+4-cultivation with tines) and conservation tillage (3 - cultivation with tines). Crops were grown in pure stands as well as in mixtures with a 70:30 seeding ratio. The results revealed that the conventional tillage system performed better in terms of numbers of tillers/branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield than the conservation tillage system. However, the conventional and conservation tillage systems did not show a significant difference in terms of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. In the pure stands and cereal–legume mixtures, the oat–vetch mixture performed better in terms of plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield. The maximum crude protein content was observed in the oat–vetch mixture, while the maximum acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were observed in the pure oat stands. In competitive indices, the land-equivalent ratio and competitive ratio showed the advantage of intercropping. In actual yield loss, results showed the positive value of barley and oats in mixtures, which reflects the advantage of intercropping in the rainfed areas. The economic analysis showed a greater net benefit from the conventional tillage than the conservation tillage system under rainfed conditions. On the basis of this investigation, an oat–vetch mixture and the conventional tillage system are recommended for higher tonnage of nutritious fodder in rainfed areas.

ACS Style

Sunyad Sohail; Muhammad Ansar; Milan Skalicky; Allah Wasaya; Walid Soufan; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Marian Brestic; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Muhammad Ali Raza; Ayman EL Sabagh. Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2172 .

AMA Style

Sunyad Sohail, Muhammad Ansar, Milan Skalicky, Allah Wasaya, Walid Soufan, Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir, Ahmed El-Shehawi, Marian Brestic, Mohammad Sohidul Islam, Muhammad Ali Raza, Ayman EL Sabagh. Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunyad Sohail; Muhammad Ansar; Milan Skalicky; Allah Wasaya; Walid Soufan; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Marian Brestic; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Muhammad Ali Raza; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2172.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Agriculture
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Year to year change in weather poses serious threats to agriculture globally, especially in developing countries. Global climate models simulate an increase in global temperature between 2.9 to 5.5 °C till 2060, and crop production is highly vulnerable to climate warming trends. Extreme temperature causes a significant reduction in crop yields by negatively regulating the crop phenology. Therefore, to evaluate warming impact on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production and management practices, we quantified agrometeorological data of 30 years by applying multiple crop modelling tools to compute the expected rise in temperature, impact of crop phenology, yield loss, provision of agrometeorology-services, agronomic technologies, and adaptation to climate-smart agriculture. Model projections of 15 agrometeorology stations showed that the growing duration of the sowing-boll opening and sowing-harvesting stages was reduced by 2.30 to 5.66 days decade−1 and 4.23 days decade−1, respectively, in Pakistan. Temperature rise in China also advanced the planting dates, sowing emergence, 3–5 leaves, budding anthesis, full-bloom, cleft-boll, boll-opening, and boll-opening filling by 24.4, 26.2, 24.8, 23.3, 22.6, 15.8, 14.6, 5.4, 2.9, and 8.0 days. Furthermore, present findings exhibited that the warming effect of sowing-harvest time was observed 2.16 days premature, and delayed for 8.2, 2.4, and 5.3 days in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s in China. APSIM-cotton quantification revealed that the sowing, emergence, flowering, and maturity stages were negatively correlated with temperature −2.03, −1.93, −1.09, and −0.42 days °C−1 on average, respectively. This study also provided insight into the adaptation of smart and better cotton by improving agrotechnological services.

ACS Style

Adnan Arshad; Muhammad Raza; Yue Zhang; Lizhen Zhang; Xuejiao Wang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman. Impact of Climate Warming on Cotton Growth and Yields in China and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective. Agriculture 2021, 11, 97 .

AMA Style

Adnan Arshad, Muhammad Raza, Yue Zhang, Lizhen Zhang, Xuejiao Wang, Mukhtar Ahmed, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman. Impact of Climate Warming on Cotton Growth and Yields in China and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adnan Arshad; Muhammad Raza; Yue Zhang; Lizhen Zhang; Xuejiao Wang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman. 2021. "Impact of Climate Warming on Cotton Growth and Yields in China and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 97.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2020 in Scientific Reports
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Maize/soybean relay intercropping system (MSR) is a popular cultivation method to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, in MSR, the effects of different strip widths on competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species are still unclear. Therefore, in a two-year field experiment, soybean was relay-intercropped with maize in three different strip-width arrangements (narrow-strips, 180 cm; medium-strips, 200 cm; and wide-strips, 220 cm), and all intercropping results were compared with sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS). Results showed that the optimum strip-width for obtaining high grain yields of maize and soybean was 200 cm (medium-strips), which improved the competitive-ability of soybean by maintaining the competitive-ability of maize in MSR. On average, maize and soybean produced 98% and 77% of SM and SS yield, respectively, in medium-strips. The improved grain yields of intercrop species in medium-strips increased the total grain yield of MSR by 15% and land equivalent ratio by 22%, which enhanced the net-income of medium-strips (by 99%, from 620 US $ ha−1 in wide-strips to 1233 US $ ha−1 in medium-strips). Overall, these findings imply that following the optimum strip-width in MSR, i. e., strip-width of 200 cm, grain yields, and competitive interactions of intercrop species can be improved.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Ruijun Qin; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Muhammad Ali Raza, Liang Cui, Ruijun Qin, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang. Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Ruijun Qin; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Plants
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Heavy metal stress is a leading environmental issue reducing crop growth and productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Cadmium (Cd), a non-redox heavy metal, can indirectly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cell death. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 µM) on physiological and biochemical parameters in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars: JS-2002 and Chakwal Sorghum. The results showed that various concentrations of Cd significantly increased the Cd uptake in both cultivars; however, the uptake was higher in JS-2002 compared to Chakwal Sorghum in leaf, stem and root. Regardless of the cultivars, there was a higher accumulation of the Cd in roots than in shoots. The Cd stress significantly reduced the growth and increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both cultivars, but the Chakwal Sorghum showed more pronounced oxidative damage than the JS-2002, as reflected by higher H2O2, MDA and EL. Moreover, Cd stress, particularly 50 µM and 100 µM, decreased the activity of different antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). However, the JS-2002 exhibited higher SOD, POD and CAT activities than the Chakwal Sorghum under different Cd-levels. These findings revealed that JS-2002 had a stronger Cd enrichment capacity and also exhibited a better tolerance to Cd stress due to its efficient antioxidant defense system than Chakwal Sorghum. The present study provides the available information about Cd enrichment and tolerance in S. bicolor, which is used as an important agricultural crop for livestock feed in arid and semi-arid regions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Sana Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ansar; Harun Gitari; Imran Khan; Muhammad Wajid; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. Plants 2020, 9, 1575 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Sana Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ansar, Harun Gitari, Imran Khan, Muhammad Wajid, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Yan Peng, Zhou Li. Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Sana Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ansar; Harun Gitari; Imran Khan; Muhammad Wajid; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. 2020. "Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Defense System and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Sorghum Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 11: 1575.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Field Crops Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Predicting grain yield and protein content of maize using spectral reflectance data is very important for improved agricultural production. In this study, we predicted the grain yield and protein content of maize grown under different irrigation and nitrogen levels in 2018 and 2019 based on canopy spectral reflectance measurements at the V6 (sixth leaf), VT (tassel), and R2 (blister) stages. We developed a predictive approach, namely, spectral reflectance–physiological parameters–productivity, to predict grain yield and protein content on maize crop. First, the quantitative relationships between grain yield and protein content and physiological parameters (canopy chlorophyll content [CCC], leaf carbon accumulation [LCA], leaf nitrogen content [LNC], and leaf nitrogen accumulation [LNA]) were analysed. Then, vegetation indices (VIs) and wavelet features based on spectral reflectance were used to establish estimation models for physiological parameters. The physiological parameters were used as a bridge to connect the spectral reflectance data with grain yield and protein content. The purpose was to establish spectral inversion models to indirectly estimate grain yield and protein content. Results showed that grain yield had a significant linear relationship with CCC and LCA. In addition a grain protein content and LNC and LNA were also significantly related under different water, and nitrogen availability. The physiological parameter models with ratio vegetation indices (RVI), biorthogonal 3.3 (bior3.3), and reverse biorthogonal 1.5 (rbio1.5) were reliable in terms of predictability and applicability. Independent data verification suggested that grain yield was predicted using RVI769,758 (R2 = 0.773, RMSE = 2.509) in water availability, rbio1.5781,29 (R2 = 0.744, RMSE = 2.850) in nitrogen availability, and rbio1.5772,11 (R2 = 0.506, RMSE = 2.297) in water–nitrogen availability. In addition, the grain protein content was predicted using RVI793,757 (R2 = 0.704, RMSE = 0.744) in water availability, bior3.3743,19 (R2 = 0.717, RMSE = 0.957) in nitrogen availability, and RVI492,418 (R2 = 0.715, RMSE = 1.224) in water–nitrogen availability. Therefore, maize grain yield and protein content can be accurately predicted using our modelling approach.

ACS Style

Zhonglin Wang; Junxu Chen; Jiawei Zhang; Yuanfang Fan; Yajiao Cheng; Beibei Wang; Xiaoling Wu; Xianming Tan; Tingting Tan; Shenglan Li; Muhammad Ali Raza; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Yushan Wu; Wenyu Yang; Feng Yang. Predicting grain yield and protein content using canopy reflectance in maize grown under different water and nitrogen levels. Field Crops Research 2020, 260, 107988 .

AMA Style

Zhonglin Wang, Junxu Chen, Jiawei Zhang, Yuanfang Fan, Yajiao Cheng, Beibei Wang, Xiaoling Wu, Xianming Tan, Tingting Tan, Shenglan Li, Muhammad Ali Raza, Xiaochun Wang, Taiwen Yong, Weiguo Liu, Jiang Liu, Junbo Du, Yushan Wu, Wenyu Yang, Feng Yang. Predicting grain yield and protein content using canopy reflectance in maize grown under different water and nitrogen levels. Field Crops Research. 2020; 260 ():107988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhonglin Wang; Junxu Chen; Jiawei Zhang; Yuanfang Fan; Yajiao Cheng; Beibei Wang; Xiaoling Wu; Xianming Tan; Tingting Tan; Shenglan Li; Muhammad Ali Raza; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Yushan Wu; Wenyu Yang; Feng Yang. 2020. "Predicting grain yield and protein content using canopy reflectance in maize grown under different water and nitrogen levels." Field Crops Research 260, no. : 107988.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2020 in Molecules
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Declining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use organic manures as a source of nutrient supplement in maize farming. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production. A field study was carried out over two seasons to evaluate various integrated nutrient and weed management practices in hybrid maize. The treatment combinations comprised of supplementation of inorganic fertilizer (25% nitrogen) through bulky (Farmyard manure and vermicompost) and concentrated (Brassicaceous seed meal (BSM) and neem cake (NC)) organic manures and different mode of weed management practices like chemical (atrazine 1000 g ha−1) and integrated approach (atrazine 1000 g ha−1 followed by mechanical weeding). Repeated supplementation of nitrogen through concentrated organic manures reduced the density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed species, Anagalis arvensis by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. But organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize. By restricting the weed growth and nutrient removal by most dominating weeds, application of BSM enhanced the growth and yield of maize crop. Repeated addition of organic manures (BSM) enhanced the maize grain yield by 19% over sole chemical fertilizer in the second year of study. Application of atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide significantly reduced the density of A. arvensis, whereas integration of mechanical weeding following herbicide controlled those weeds which were not usually controlled with the application of atrazine. As a result, atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.

ACS Style

Dibakar Ghosh; Koushik Brahmachari; Milan Skalicky; Akbar Hossain; Sukamal Sarkar; Nirmal Kumar Dinda; Anupam Das; Biswajit Pramanick; Debojyoti Moulick; Marian Brestic; Muhammad Ali Raza; Celaleddin Barutcular; Shah Fahad; Hirofumi Saneoka; Ayman El Sabagh. Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity. Molecules 2020, 25, 4924 .

AMA Style

Dibakar Ghosh, Koushik Brahmachari, Milan Skalicky, Akbar Hossain, Sukamal Sarkar, Nirmal Kumar Dinda, Anupam Das, Biswajit Pramanick, Debojyoti Moulick, Marian Brestic, Muhammad Ali Raza, Celaleddin Barutcular, Shah Fahad, Hirofumi Saneoka, Ayman El Sabagh. Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):4924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dibakar Ghosh; Koushik Brahmachari; Milan Skalicky; Akbar Hossain; Sukamal Sarkar; Nirmal Kumar Dinda; Anupam Das; Biswajit Pramanick; Debojyoti Moulick; Marian Brestic; Muhammad Ali Raza; Celaleddin Barutcular; Shah Fahad; Hirofumi Saneoka; Ayman El Sabagh. 2020. "Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity." Molecules 25, no. 21: 4924.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In the coastal zone of the Ganges Delta, water shortages due to soil salinity limit the yield of dry season crops. To alleviate water shortage as a consequence of salinity stress in the coastal saline ecosystem, the effect of different water-saving (WS) and water-conserving options was assessed on growth, yield and water use of tomato; two field experiments were carried out at Gosaba, West Bengal, India in consecutive seasons during the winter of 2016–17 and 2017–18. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five treatments viz., surface irrigation, surface irrigation + straw mulching, drip irrigation at 100% reference evapotranspiration (ET0), drip irrigation at 80% ET0, drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulching. Application of drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulching brought about significantly the highest fruit as well as the marketable yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The soil reaction (pH), post-harvest organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) status and soil microbial population along with the biochemical quality parameters of tomato (juice pH, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids and sugar content of fruits) were significantly influenced by combined application of drip irrigation and straw mulching. Surface irrigation significantly increased the salinity level in surface and sub-surface soil layers while the least salinity development was observed in surface mulched plots receiving irrigation water through drip irrigation. The highest water productivity was also improved from drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulched plots irrespective of the year of experimentation. Such intervention also helped in reducing salinity stress for the tomato crop. Thus, straw mulching along with drip irrigation at 80% ET0 can be recommended as the most suitable irrigation option for tomato crop in the study area as well as coastal saline regions of South Asia. Finally, it can be concluded that the judicious application of irrigation water not only increased growth, yield and quality tomatoes but also minimized the negative impact of soil salinity on tomatoes grown in the coastal saline ecosystem of Ganges Delta.

ACS Style

Indranil Samui; Milan Skalicky; Sukamal Sarkar; Koushik Brahmachari; Sayan Sau; Krishnendu Ray; Akbar Hossain; Argha Ghosh; Manoj Nanda; Richard Bell; Mohammed Mainuddin; Marian Brestic; Liyun Liu; Hirofumi Saneoka; Muhammad Raza; Murat Erman; Ayman El Sabagh. Yield Response, Nutritional Quality and Water Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch in the Coastal Saline Ecosystem of Ganges Delta, India. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6779 .

AMA Style

Indranil Samui, Milan Skalicky, Sukamal Sarkar, Koushik Brahmachari, Sayan Sau, Krishnendu Ray, Akbar Hossain, Argha Ghosh, Manoj Nanda, Richard Bell, Mohammed Mainuddin, Marian Brestic, Liyun Liu, Hirofumi Saneoka, Muhammad Raza, Murat Erman, Ayman El Sabagh. Yield Response, Nutritional Quality and Water Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch in the Coastal Saline Ecosystem of Ganges Delta, India. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6779.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Indranil Samui; Milan Skalicky; Sukamal Sarkar; Koushik Brahmachari; Sayan Sau; Krishnendu Ray; Akbar Hossain; Argha Ghosh; Manoj Nanda; Richard Bell; Mohammed Mainuddin; Marian Brestic; Liyun Liu; Hirofumi Saneoka; Muhammad Raza; Murat Erman; Ayman El Sabagh. 2020. "Yield Response, Nutritional Quality and Water Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch in the Coastal Saline Ecosystem of Ganges Delta, India." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6779.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Plants
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The border row crop in strip intercropped maize is often exposed to heterogeneous light conditions, resulting in increased photosynthesis and yield decreased. Previous studies have focused on photosynthetic productivity, whereas carbon allocation could also be one of the major causes of decreased yield. However, carbon distribution remains unclear in partially shaded conditions. In the present study, we applied heterogeneous light conditions (T), and one side of plants was shaded (T-30%), keeping the other side fully exposed to light (T-100%), as compared to control plants that were exposed entirely to full-light (CK). Dry weight, carbon assimilation, 13C abundance, and transport tissue structure were analyzed to clarify the carbon distribution in partial shading of plants. T caused a marked decline in dry weight and harvest index (HI), whereas dry weight in unshaded and shaded leaves did not differ. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase enzymes (SPS), and sucrose concentration increased in unshaded leaves. Appropriately, 5.7% of the 13C from unshaded leaves was transferred to shaded leaves. Furthermore, plasmodesma density in the unshaded (T-100%) and shaded (T-30%) leaves in T was not significantly different but was lower than that of CK. Similarly, the vascular bundle total area of T was decreased. 13C transfer from unshaded leaves to ear in T was decreased by 18.0% compared with that in CK. Moreover, 13C and sucrose concentration of stem in T were higher than those in CK. Our results suggested that, under heterogeneous light, shaded leaves as a sink imported the carbohydrates from the unshaded leaves. Ear and shaded leaf competed for carbohydrates, and were not conducive to tissue structure of sucrose transport, resulting in a decrease in the carbon proportion in the ear, harvest index, and ear weight.

ACS Style

Guopeng Chen; Hong Chen; Kai Shi; Muhammad Ali Raza; George Bawa; Xin Sun; Tian Pu; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang; Xiaochun Wang. Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears. Plants 2020, 9, 987 .

AMA Style

Guopeng Chen, Hong Chen, Kai Shi, Muhammad Ali Raza, George Bawa, Xin Sun, Tian Pu, Taiwen Yong, Weiguo Liu, Jiang Liu, Junbo Du, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang, Xiaochun Wang. Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guopeng Chen; Hong Chen; Kai Shi; Muhammad Ali Raza; George Bawa; Xin Sun; Tian Pu; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang; Xiaochun Wang. 2020. "Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears." Plants 9, no. 8: 987.

Original research
Published: 18 July 2020 in Food and Energy Security
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Selecting optimum planting time (PT) in maize–soybean relay intercropping system (MSRI) is important to obtain higher intercrop yields because planting time decides the co‐growth duration and competitive ability of intercrop species in MSRI. However, little is known on how planting time (co‐growth duration) changes the interspecific interaction resulting in a seed‐yield difference between intercropping and sole cropping system. Therefore, this field study was initiated to determine the effects of changing co‐growth duration on competitive interactions, growth, and yield of intercrop species under MSRI. The sole soybean and relay‐cropped soybean were planted on PT1 (15–20 May, 90 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI); PT2 (5–10 June, 70 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI); and PT3 (25–30 June, 50 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI) to generate different size‐asymmetric competition between component crops in MSRI. Results showed that sole soybean produced the mean highest (2.93 t/ha) seed yield under PT2, and the mean lowest (2.51 t/ha) seed yield under PT1. However, in MSRI, PT3 increased the soybean yield by 29.1% and 13.3% compared to PT1 and PT2, respectively. The PT3 also increased the maize yield by 7.4% and 2.9% than PT1 and PT2, respectively, and it reduced the yield differences of maize and soybean between relay intercropping and sole cropping systems. In MSRI, decreased co‐growth duration promoted the soybean plants to achieve the higher crop growth rate, and biomass accumulation, which ultimately improved the soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition created by maize plants. Furthermore, as compared to PT1 and PT2, planting time PT3 significantly increased the competitive ratio (by 10.1% and 17.3%, respectively) of soybean plants. Overall, the PT3 achieved the average highest land equivalent ratio of 1.63, which is significantly higher than PT1 (by 12.3%) and PT2 (by 10.6%). In conclusion, this study implied that in MSRI, the determination of proper soybean planting time (co‐growth duration) is one of the most critical factors to reduce the competition between the intercrops and to obtain higher crop yields.

ACS Style

Shoaib Ahmed; Muhammad Ali Raza; Xiaoqin Yuan; Yongli Du; Nasir Iqbal; Qamaruddin Chachar; Aijaz Ahmed Soomro; Faisal Ibrahim; Sajad Hussain; Xingcai Wang; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition. Food and Energy Security 2020, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Shoaib Ahmed, Muhammad Ali Raza, Xiaoqin Yuan, Yongli Du, Nasir Iqbal, Qamaruddin Chachar, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Faisal Ibrahim, Sajad Hussain, Xingcai Wang, Weiguo Liu, Wenyu Yang. Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition. Food and Energy Security. 2020; 9 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shoaib Ahmed; Muhammad Ali Raza; Xiaoqin Yuan; Yongli Du; Nasir Iqbal; Qamaruddin Chachar; Aijaz Ahmed Soomro; Faisal Ibrahim; Sajad Hussain; Xingcai Wang; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition." Food and Energy Security 9, no. 3: 1.

Original article
Published: 18 July 2020 in Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Intraspecific competition for light affects nutrient uptake of maize, especially during the seed filling phase (from the blistering-stage to physiological-maturity). Partial leaf removal only affects the top leaves and improves the light-environment, which could then enhance nutrient uptake during the seed filling phase. However, there is a shortage of quantitative information on the yield effects of such a management measure. A 3-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of different leaf removal treatments (no removal of leaves (D0: control), removal of two leaves (D2), removal of four leaves (D4), and removal of six leaves (D6) from maize-canopy) on total dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake at the blistering-stage and physiological-maturity, plus seed number per plant, seed weight, and seed yield at physiological maturity. Compared to D0, at physiological-maturity, D2 significantly increased total dry matter accumulation (by 9%), and uptake of nitrogen (by 5%), phosphorus (by 10%), and potassium (by 4%); while excessive leaf removal treatments considerably reduced dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Importantly, during the seed filling phase of maize, treatment D2 significantly enhanced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by 76%, 40%, and 65%, respectively, compared to control. Treatment D2 increased seed number per plant (by 6.4%, from 448 under D0 to 477 in D2) and seed weight (by 5.7%). Relative to control, maize in D2 had 12%, 14%, and 11%, higher seed-yields in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, and it also improved the economic profit when taking into account labor costs. Graphical representation of changes in light transmittance, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, carbohydrate, and dry matter accumulation in maize plants as affected by different leaf removal treatments. Treatment codes represent no defoliation (D0: control), removal of two leaves (D2), removal of four leaves (D4), and removal of six leaves (D6) from the top of maize canopy. Yellow and green arrows show the light environment and leaf area of maize plants. The black arrows represent the regulating directions of leaf removal treatments on maize growth and development in this paper. The graphical abstract clearly demonstrates the significant improvement of optimum leaf removal treatment (D2) as compared to control (D0). The red and blue arrows show the relevant increase and decrease of the mentioned components between the optimal leaf removal and control.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Wopke Van Der Werf; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. Removing top leaves increases yield and nutrient uptake in maize plants. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 2020, 118, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Muhammad Ali Raza, Wopke Van Der Werf, Mukhtar Ahmed, Wenyu Yang. Removing top leaves increases yield and nutrient uptake in maize plants. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 2020; 118 (1):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ali Raza; Wopke Van Der Werf; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Removing top leaves increases yield and nutrient uptake in maize plants." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 118, no. 1: 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2020 in Plants
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) metal in the soils due to the scarcity of good quality water and industrial waste could be the major limiting factor for the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, there is a need for a prompt solution to the Cd toxicity, to fulfill increasing food demand resulting from growing world population. Today, a variable range of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being used at a large scale in agriculture, to reduce the risk of abiotic stresses on plants and increase crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus siamensis in relieving the Cd induced damage in two wheat varieties (i.e., NARC-2009 and NARC-2011) grown in Cd spiked soil at different concentrations (0, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg). The plants under Cd stress accumulated more Cd in the roots and shoots, resulting in severe oxidative stress, evident by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, a decrease in cell osmotic status, and alteration in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also observed in wheat plants under Cd stress. As a result, the Cd exposed plants showed a reduction in growth, tissue biomass, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, total soluble sugars, and amino acids, in comparison to control plants. The extent of damage was observed to be higher with an increase in Cd concentration. However, the inoculation of wheat with B. siamensis improved plant growth, reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both wheat varieties. B. siamensis amendment brought a considerable improvement in every parameter determined with respect to Cd stress. The response of both wheat varieties on exposure to B. siamensis was positively enhanced, whereas NARC-2009 accumulated less Cd compared to NARC-2011, which indicated a higher tolerance to Cd stress mediated by B. siamensis inoculation. Overall, the B. siamensis reduced the Cd toxicity in wheat plants through the augmentation of the antioxidant defense system and sugars production.

ACS Style

Samrah Afzal Awan; Noshin Ilyas; Imran Khan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Abd Ur Rehman; Muhammad Rizwan; Anshu Rastogi; Rezwan Tariq; Marian Brestic. Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties. Plants 2020, 9, 878 .

AMA Style

Samrah Afzal Awan, Noshin Ilyas, Imran Khan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Abd Ur Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan, Anshu Rastogi, Rezwan Tariq, Marian Brestic. Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties. Plants. 2020; 9 (7):878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samrah Afzal Awan; Noshin Ilyas; Imran Khan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Abd Ur Rehman; Muhammad Rizwan; Anshu Rastogi; Rezwan Tariq; Marian Brestic. 2020. "Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties." Plants 9, no. 7: 878.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2020 in Scientific Reports
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Intercropping advantage occurs only when each species has adequate time and space to maximize cooperation and minimize competition between them. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years between 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The treatments included “40:160” (T1, maize narrow and wide row spacing of 40 and 160 cm, where two rows of soybean with a 40 cm row were planted in the wide rows. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean both were 50% of the every experimental block), “80:120” (T2, maize narrow and wide row spacing of 80 and 120 cm, the soybean planting was the same as T1 treatment. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean were 60% and 40% of the every experimental block), “100:100” (T3, one row of maize and one row of soybean with a 100-cm row. The area occupation ratio of maize and soybean was the same as T1 treatment), sole cropping of maize (CK1, The area occupation ratio of maize was 100% of the every experimental block), and sole cropping of soybean (CK2, The area occupation ratio of soybean was 100% of the every experimental block). The results show that, compared with the sole cropping system (sole maize), the economic yields in T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased by 761, 536, and 458 kg·ha−1, respectively, and the biological yields increased by 2410, 2127, and 1588 kg·ha−1. The uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in T1, T2, and T3 treatments were significantly higher than those in sole crops, and the nutrient advantage is mainly due to nutrient uptake rather than nutrient use efficiency. The land equivalent ratio values in T1, T2, and T3 treatments were 1.43, 1.32, and 1.20, respectively. In particular, the economic and biological yield in T1 treatment exhibited potential as an intercropping pattern.

ACS Style

Yuanfang Fan; Zhonglin Wang; Dunping Liao; Muhammad Ali Raza; Beibei Wang; Jiawei Zhang; Junxu Chen; Lingyang Feng; Xiaoling Wu; Chunyan Liu; Wenyu Yang; Feng Yang. Uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as related to yield advantage in maize-soybean intercropping under different row configurations. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 9504 .

AMA Style

Yuanfang Fan, Zhonglin Wang, Dunping Liao, Muhammad Ali Raza, Beibei Wang, Jiawei Zhang, Junxu Chen, Lingyang Feng, Xiaoling Wu, Chunyan Liu, Wenyu Yang, Feng Yang. Uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as related to yield advantage in maize-soybean intercropping under different row configurations. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):9504.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanfang Fan; Zhonglin Wang; Dunping Liao; Muhammad Ali Raza; Beibei Wang; Jiawei Zhang; Junxu Chen; Lingyang Feng; Xiaoling Wu; Chunyan Liu; Wenyu Yang; Feng Yang. 2020. "Uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as related to yield advantage in maize-soybean intercropping under different row configurations." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 9504.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2020 in European Journal of Agronomy
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Different planting pattern affects the leaf senescence of maize under intercropping systems, which regulate the grain yield of maize plants. In this study, we observed that a narrow-wide-row planting pattern in maize soybean relay intercropping system (MS) improved the leaf greenness and green leaf area, delayed the leaf senescence process in maize and increased the photosynthetic rate of maize leaves during the reproductive stages of maize in MS. In a three-year field experiment, soybean was relay-intercropped with maize under different planting patterns (1M1S, “50 cm + 50 cm” 1-row of maize and 1-row of soybean with an equal row distance of 50 cm; and 2M2S, “40 cm + 160 cm” narrow-wide-row planting pattern, where 2-rows of maize were planted in narrow rows, and 2-rows of soybean were planted in wide rows, and 60 cm distance was maintained between the rows of maize and soybean) of MS, and both planting patterns of MS were compared with sole cropping systems of maize and soybean. Compared with 1M1S, planting pattern 2M2S significantly increased the number of green leaves (by 36%), leaf greenness (by 17%), and leaf nitrogen content (by 13%) at the dent stage (R5). The improved leaf nitrogen content in 2M2S at R5 significantly increased the green leaf area (by 16%, from 4170 cm2 plant−1 in 1M1S to 4960 cm2 plant−1 in 2M2S) of maize, indicating that leaf senescence of maize plants was delayed, which in turn significantly enhanced the photosynthetic rate of maize leaves at R5 by 57% in 2017, 75% in 2018 and 49% in 2019 than 1M1S. Overall, in 1M1S and 2M2S, relay-cropped maize produced 100%, and 89% of sole maize yield and relay-cropped soybean produced 27% and 66% of sole soybean yield, respectively. Importantly, compared to 1M1S, the decline of maize yield by 11% in 2M2S was compensated by a substantial increase in soybean yield by 147%, and 2M2S achieved the highest land equivalent ratio value of 1.54 compared to the land equivalent ratio value of 1.27 in 1M1S. Our results suggest that by selecting the appropriate planting pattern or stay-green maize hybrids, we can improve the land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system.

ACS Style

Lingyang Feng; Muhammad Ali Raza; Jianyi Shi; Muhammad Ansar; John Kwame Titriku; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Zubair Ahmed; Ashiq Saleem; Weiguo Liu; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Shu Yuan; Yang Feng; Wenyu Yang. Delayed maize leaf senescence increases the land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system. European Journal of Agronomy 2020, 118, 126092 .

AMA Style

Lingyang Feng, Muhammad Ali Raza, Jianyi Shi, Muhammad Ansar, John Kwame Titriku, Tehseen Ahmad Meraj, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Zubair Ahmed, Ashiq Saleem, Weiguo Liu, Xiaochun Wang, Taiwen Yong, Shu Yuan, Yang Feng, Wenyu Yang. Delayed maize leaf senescence increases the land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system. European Journal of Agronomy. 2020; 118 ():126092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingyang Feng; Muhammad Ali Raza; Jianyi Shi; Muhammad Ansar; John Kwame Titriku; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Zubair Ahmed; Ashiq Saleem; Weiguo Liu; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Shu Yuan; Yang Feng; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Delayed maize leaf senescence increases the land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system." European Journal of Agronomy 118, no. : 126092.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in BMC Plant Biology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Background Shading includes low light intensity and varying quality. However, a low red/far-red (R/Fr) ratio of light is a signal that affects plant growth in intercropping and close- planting systems. Thus, the low R/Fr ratio uncoupling from shading conditions was assessed to identify the effect of light quality on photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation. Soybean plants were grown in a growth chamber with natural solar radiation under four treatments, that is, normal (N, sunlight), N + Fr, Low (L) + Fr, and L light. Results Low R/Fr ratio significantly increased the total biomass, leaf area, starch and sucrose contents, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and quantum efficiency of the photosystem II compared with normal R/Fr ratio under the same light level (P < 0.05). Proteomic analysis of soybean leaves under different treatments was performed to quantify the changes in photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation in the chloroplast. Among the 7834 proteins quantified, 12 showed a > 1.3-fold change in abundance, of which 1 was related to porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, 2 were involved in photosystem I (PS I), 4 were associated with PS II, 3 proteins participated in photosynthetic electron transport, and 2 were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The dynamic change in these proteins indicates that photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation were maintained in the L treatment by up-regulating the component protein levels compared with those in N treatment. Although low R/Fr ratio increased the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation parameters, the differences in most protein expression levels in N + Fr and L + Fr treatments compared with those in N treatment were insignificant. Similar trends were found in gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction excluding the gene expression of sucrose synthase possible because light environment is one of the factors affecting carbon assimilation. Conclusions Low R/Fr ratio (high Fr light) can increase the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in the same light intensity by improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the photosystems.

ACS Style

Feng Yang; Qinlin Liu; Yajiao Cheng; Lingyang Feng; Xiaoling Wu; Yuanfang Fan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Kai Shu; Wenyu Yang. Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity. BMC Plant Biology 2020, 20, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Feng Yang, Qinlin Liu, Yajiao Cheng, Lingyang Feng, Xiaoling Wu, Yuanfang Fan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Xiaochun Wang, Taiwen Yong, Weiguo Liu, Jiang Liu, Junbo Du, Kai Shu, Wenyu Yang. Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity. BMC Plant Biology. 2020; 20 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng Yang; Qinlin Liu; Yajiao Cheng; Lingyang Feng; Xiaoling Wu; Yuanfang Fan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Kai Shu; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity." BMC Plant Biology 20, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2020 in Plants
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits crop production, especially under rainfed conditions. Selenium (Se), as an important micronutrient, plays a vital role in mitigating detrimental effects of different abiotic stresses. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of Se fertilization on black gram (Vigna mungo) under salt stress. Our results showed that salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in leaves significantly induced oxidative damage and caused a decline in relative water content, chlorophyll (Chl), stomatal conductance (gs), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), sucrose, and reducing sugars. A low dose of Se (1.5 ppm) significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde formation, cell membrane damage, and also improved antioxidative enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase under salt stress. Se-treated plants exhibited higher Chl, gs, Fv/Fm, sucrose, and reducing sugars than untreated plants in response to salt stress. In addition, Se application enhanced Se uptake and reduced Na+ uptake, but Cl− remained unaffected. Our results indicated that a low dose of Se effectively alleviated salt damage via inhibition of Na+ uptake and enhanced antioxidant defense resulting in a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and maintained gaseous exchange and PS II function for sucrose and reducing sugars accumulation in black gram.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Imran Khan; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Muhammad Ansar; Samrah Afzal Awan; Nanak Khan; Nasir Iqbal; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency. Plants 2020, 9, 467 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Imran Khan, Tehseen Ahmad Meraj, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Muhammad Ansar, Samrah Afzal Awan, Nanak Khan, Nasir Iqbal, Yan Peng, Zhou Li. Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency. Plants. 2020; 9 (4):467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Hassan; Muhammad Ali Raza; Imran Khan; Tehseen Ahmad Meraj; Mukhtar Ahmed; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Muhammad Ansar; Samrah Afzal Awan; Nanak Khan; Nasir Iqbal; Yan Peng; Zhou Li. 2020. "Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency." Plants 9, no. 4: 467.