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Xinli Ke
College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

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Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Assessment of ecosystem services supply, demand, and budgets can help to achieve sustainable urban development. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as one of the most developed megacities in China, sets up a goal of high-quality development while fostering ecosystem services. Therefore, assessing the ecosystem services in this study area is very important to guide further development. However, the spatial pattern of ecosystem services, especially at local scales, is not well understood. Using the available 2017 land cover product, Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical images, a deep learning land cover mapping framework integrating deep change vector analysis and the ResUnet model was proposed. Based on the produced 10 m land cover map for the year 2020, recent spatial patterns of the ecosystem services at different scales (i.e., the GBA, 11 cities, urban–rural gradient, and pixel) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Forest was the primary land cover in Guangzhou, Huizhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, and Hong Kong, and an impervious surface was the main land cover in the other four cities. (2) Although ecosystem services in the GBA were sufficient to meet their demand, there was undersupply for all the three general services in Macao and for the provision services in Zhongshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Foshan. (3) Along the urban–rural gradient in the GBA, supply and demand capacity showed an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. As for the city-level analysis, Huizhou and Zhuhai showed a fluctuation pattern while Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, and Hong Kong presented a decreasing pattern along the gradient. (4) Inclusion of neighborhood landscape led to increased demand scores in a small proportion of impervious areas and oversupply for a very large percent of bare land.

ACS Style

Dawei Wen; Song Ma; Anlu Zhang; Xinli Ke. Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7044 .

AMA Style

Dawei Wen, Song Ma, Anlu Zhang, Xinli Ke. Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Wen; Song Ma; Anlu Zhang; Xinli Ke. 2021. "Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7044.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Cropland protection strategies have provided a strong contribution to limit cropland transformation worldwide. However, it negatively affects ecological land (e.g., forest, grassland, and wetland). Identifying a win-win approach for cropland protection and ecological conservation is important. Land use optimization plays a vital role in solving conflicts among land uses. Thus, in this research, taking China (mainland) as the study area, we optimized the spatial distribution of urban land and cropland to balance the requirement of cropland protection strategies and their negative effects on ecological land according to the spatial heterogeneity of land agricultural production capacity by using the LAND System Cellular Automata model for Potential Effects (LANDSCAPE). Specifically, we developed three optimization scenarios from compensational, occupancy, and occupancy and compensational sectors. We also developed one non-optimization scenario to remain comparable. Results show that compared with the non-optimization scenario, the reduced loss of ecological land in compensational, occupancy, and occupancy and compensational optimization scenario is 7180, 247, and 7277 km2, respectively. Our research indicates that we should prioritize the quality of compensated cropland when developing cropland protection strategies and planning, considering the low efficiency of the occupancy optimization and the cost of policymaking and implementing.

ACS Style

Liye Wang; Weiwei Zheng; Lanping Tang; Siyu Zhang; Yaolin Liu; Xinli Ke. Spatial optimization of urban land and cropland based on land production capacity to balance cropland protection and ecological conservation. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 285, 112054 .

AMA Style

Liye Wang, Weiwei Zheng, Lanping Tang, Siyu Zhang, Yaolin Liu, Xinli Ke. Spatial optimization of urban land and cropland based on land production capacity to balance cropland protection and ecological conservation. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 285 ():112054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liye Wang; Weiwei Zheng; Lanping Tang; Siyu Zhang; Yaolin Liu; Xinli Ke. 2021. "Spatial optimization of urban land and cropland based on land production capacity to balance cropland protection and ecological conservation." Journal of Environmental Management 285, no. : 112054.

Research article
Published: 16 September 2020 in Land Degradation & Development
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Natural habitat plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity. Both cropland expansion and urban expansion have an influence on natural habitat. However, it is not clear which one impacts more seriously on both the quantity and quality of natural habitat. This study compared the impacts of cropland expansion on the quantity and quality of natural habitat in China between 2000–2015 with the impacts of urban expansion. Map algebra in ArcGIS 10.6 was used to calculate the changes in the quantity of natural habitat, while the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade‐offs (InVEST) Habitat Quality model was used to assess the changes in its quality. The results indicated that cropland expansion led to a loss of 35,811 km2 of natural habitat, which was 12 times as much as that from urban expansion. Furthermore, the area of the heaviest habitat degradation due to cropland expansion was 9,530 km2, which was 8 times as much as that due to urban expansion. Noticeably, the greatest impacts of cropland expansion on natural habitat mostly occurred in areas where the ecological environment is already vulnerable (namely, the resistance and resilience of ecosystems in response to external interference are weak), whereas impacts of urban expansion were much less in these areas. This study highlights that the impacts of cropland expansion on both the natural habitat loss and degradation far exceeded the impacts of urban expansion. It is necessary to improve cropland protection policies to guarantee food security whilst ensuring little or no harm to natural habitat. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Lanping Tang; Xinli Ke; Yuanyuan Chen; Liye Wang; Qiushi Zhou; Weiwei Zheng; Bangyong Xiao. Which impacts more seriously on natural habitat loss and degradation? Cropland expansion or urban expansion? Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 946 -964.

AMA Style

Lanping Tang, Xinli Ke, Yuanyuan Chen, Liye Wang, Qiushi Zhou, Weiwei Zheng, Bangyong Xiao. Which impacts more seriously on natural habitat loss and degradation? Cropland expansion or urban expansion? Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (2):946-964.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lanping Tang; Xinli Ke; Yuanyuan Chen; Liye Wang; Qiushi Zhou; Weiwei Zheng; Bangyong Xiao. 2020. "Which impacts more seriously on natural habitat loss and degradation? Cropland expansion or urban expansion?" Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 2: 946-964.

Journal article
Published: 18 August 2020 in Ecological Indicators
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Cropland reclamation policies result in carbon storage loss by the conversion of natural land. However, the future impacts of cropland reclamation policies (CRP) on carbon storage have seldom been explored. Taking Hubei, China as study area, this study assesses the impacts of cropland reclamation policies before and after optimization on carbon storage from 2010 to 2030. The LAND System Cellular Automata model for Potential Effects (LANDSCAPE) was used to simulate the land use patterns in 2030, while the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) Carbon Storage and Sequestration model was applied to calculate the changes in carbon storage. Results indicate that carbon storage loss due to cropland reclamation policies is expected to increase from 0.48 Tg·C to 4.34 Tg·C between 2010 and 2030 in Hubei. This increase is related to the loss of wetland and forest. Carbon storage loss can be reduced by 52%–73% by protecting carbon-rich lands. This study highlights the importance of considering the carbon storage loss when implementing cropland reclamation policies.

ACS Style

Lanping Tang; Xinli Ke; Qiushi Zhou; Liye Wang; Eric Koomen. Projecting future impacts of cropland reclamation policies on carbon storage. Ecological Indicators 2020, 119, 106835 .

AMA Style

Lanping Tang, Xinli Ke, Qiushi Zhou, Liye Wang, Eric Koomen. Projecting future impacts of cropland reclamation policies on carbon storage. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 119 ():106835.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lanping Tang; Xinli Ke; Qiushi Zhou; Liye Wang; Eric Koomen. 2020. "Projecting future impacts of cropland reclamation policies on carbon storage." Ecological Indicators 119, no. : 106835.

Original article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Regional Environmental Change
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Changes in the amount and location of cropland areas may affect the potential crop production at different spatial scales. However, most studies ignore the impacts of cropland displacement on potential crop production. In many countries, cropland protection policies mainly aim for no loss in cropland area, while there is no restriction on change of cropland location. Taking China as the study area, we analyze the impacts of cropland displacement on potential crop production at four administrative levels during the period 2000 and 2018. At the national level, we find a net decrease in cropland area of 0.81 Mha, while another 19.63 Mha was displaced. The former led to a decrease of 4.20 Mton in potential crop production, while the latter resulted in a decrease of 43.26 Mton as a result of lower quality of the newly cultivated lands. In other words, cropland displacement explains 91% of the total loss in potential crop production at the national scale. However, the contribution of cropland displacement to total change in potential crop production is increasingly smaller at provincial level, municipal level, and county levels. These findings highlight the importance of geographic location on crop production and suggest that cropland policies should consider geographic location in addition to cropland area.

ACS Style

Bohan Yang; Xinli Ke; Jasper Van Vliet; Qiangyi Yu; Ting Zhou; Peter H. Verburg. Impact of cropland displacement on the potential crop production in China: a multi-scale analysis. Regional Environmental Change 2020, 20, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Bohan Yang, Xinli Ke, Jasper Van Vliet, Qiangyi Yu, Ting Zhou, Peter H. Verburg. Impact of cropland displacement on the potential crop production in China: a multi-scale analysis. Regional Environmental Change. 2020; 20 (3):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bohan Yang; Xinli Ke; Jasper Van Vliet; Qiangyi Yu; Ting Zhou; Peter H. Verburg. 2020. "Impact of cropland displacement on the potential crop production in China: a multi-scale analysis." Regional Environmental Change 20, no. 3: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Land
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Over the past few decades urbanization and population growth have been the main trend all over the world, which brings the increase of economic benefits (EB) and the decrease of cropland. Cropland protection policies play an important role in the urbanization progress. In this study, we assess the trade-offs between EB and ecosystem services value (ESV) under three cropland protection policy scenarios using the LAND System Cellular Automata for Potential Effects (LANDSCAPE) model. The empirical results reveal that trade-offs between EB and ESV in urbanizing areas are dynamic, and that they considerably vary under different cropland protection policy scenarios. Especially, the results identify certain “turning points” for each policy scenario at which a small to moderate growth in EB would result in greater ESV losses. Among the three scenarios, we found that the cropland protection policy has the most adverse effect on trade-offs between EB and ESV and the results in the business as usual scenario have the least effect on the trade-offs. Furthermore, the results show that a strict balance between requisition and compensation of cropland is an inappropriate policy option in areas where built-up areas are increasing rapidly from the perspective of mitigating conflict between EB and ESV and the numbers of cropland protection that restrained by land use planning policy of Wuhan is a better choice.

ACS Style

Liye Wang; Xinli Ke; Assem Abu Hatab. Trade-Offs between Economic Benefits and Ecosystem Services Value under Three Cropland Protection Scenarios for Wuhan City in China. Land 2020, 9, 117 .

AMA Style

Liye Wang, Xinli Ke, Assem Abu Hatab. Trade-Offs between Economic Benefits and Ecosystem Services Value under Three Cropland Protection Scenarios for Wuhan City in China. Land. 2020; 9 (4):117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liye Wang; Xinli Ke; Assem Abu Hatab. 2020. "Trade-Offs between Economic Benefits and Ecosystem Services Value under Three Cropland Protection Scenarios for Wuhan City in China." Land 9, no. 4: 117.

Review article
Published: 10 April 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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When cropland expansion encroaches on ecological land (e.g., forest, grassland, wetland), it seriously affects carbon storage which plays an important role in global climate change. Taking Hubei as the study area, this study explored the effects of cropland expansion on carbon storage in both 2000–2010 and 2010–2030 in different scenarios by using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model and the LAND System Cellular Automata model for Potential Effects (LANDSCAPE). The results showed that cropland expansion led to a massive loss of carbon storage (1.76 Tg C) during 2000–2010, which is expected to continue during 2010–2030 in different scenarios. The loss is predicted to be 3.70 Tg C in the Business-As-Usual scenario and be 0.88 Tg C in the Requisition–Compensation Balance of Cropland Policy scenario. Noticeably, the loss of carbon storage due to cropland expansion was 1.12 times more than that due to urban expansion during 2000–2010. For the period of 2010–2030, the loss of carbon storage caused by cropland expansion is predicted to be 3.89 times more than that caused by urban expansion in the Business-As-Usual scenario, while the losses caused by cropland expansion and urban expansion are predicted to be almost equal in the Requisition–Compensation Balance of Cropland Policy scenario. The main cause of carbon storage loss due to cropland expansion is that it leads to the considerable loss of forest and wetland. This study highlights the importance of considering the loss of carbon storage caused by cropland expansion when conducting cropland protection policies and land use planning.

ACS Style

Lanping Tang; Xinli Ke; Ting Zhou; Weiwei Zheng; Liye Wang. Impacts of cropland expansion on carbon storage: A case study in Hubei, China. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 265, 110515 .

AMA Style

Lanping Tang, Xinli Ke, Ting Zhou, Weiwei Zheng, Liye Wang. Impacts of cropland expansion on carbon storage: A case study in Hubei, China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 265 ():110515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lanping Tang; Xinli Ke; Ting Zhou; Weiwei Zheng; Liye Wang. 2020. "Impacts of cropland expansion on carbon storage: A case study in Hubei, China." Journal of Environmental Management 265, no. : 110515.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Inner-city redevelopment is regarded as an effective way to promote land-use efficiency and optimize land-use structure, especially with the establishment of urban growth boundaries in Chinese cities. However, inner-city redevelopment as compared to urban sprawl has been rarely monitored in 2D space, let alone in 3D space. Therefore, in this paper, a novel approach to generate time-series 3D building maps (i.e., building footprint and height) based on high-resolution (2 m) multi-view ZY-3 satellite imagery was proposed. In the proposed method, the building footprint was updated by an object-based image-to-map change detection method, which employed spectral (i.e., HSV and NDVI) and structural features (i.e., morphological building index) to extract non-building and building objects, respectively; building height was estimated automatically through semi-global matching of multi-view images. We applied the proposed method to four representative Chinese megacities, i.e., Beijing, Xi’an, Shanghai, and Wuhan, for the period 2012–2017, and detected building footprints with overall accuracies ranging from 84.84% to 97.60%. The building height estimation was also relatively accurate, with the bias, slope, and root-mean-square error being −0.49–2.30 m, 0.93–1.10 m, and 4.94–7.31 m, respectively. Our results show that the total building coverage decreased over the study period, accompanied by an increase in both area-weighted building height and floor area ratio. In addition, compact low-rise buildings have been replaced by open high-rise buildings in the urban redevelopment process. Moreover, due to the scattered spatial distribution of the redevelopment sites, the local spatial aggregation patterns of building density are unlikely to shift between hotspots (i.e., spatial aggregation of high values) and coldspots (i.e., spatial aggregation of low values).

ACS Style

Dawei Wen; Xin Huang; Anlu Zhang; Xinli Ke. Monitoring 3D Building Change and Urban Redevelopment Patterns in Inner City Areas of Chinese Megacities Using Multi-View Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 763 .

AMA Style

Dawei Wen, Xin Huang, Anlu Zhang, Xinli Ke. Monitoring 3D Building Change and Urban Redevelopment Patterns in Inner City Areas of Chinese Megacities Using Multi-View Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (7):763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawei Wen; Xin Huang; Anlu Zhang; Xinli Ke. 2019. "Monitoring 3D Building Change and Urban Redevelopment Patterns in Inner City Areas of Chinese Megacities Using Multi-View Satellite Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7: 763.

Research article
Published: 07 June 2015 in Advances in Meteorology
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Based on the LST and the landscape metrics of water body with remote sensing technique and spatial analysis, the relationship between the mean LST and the attributes of water body was revealed via Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Result showed that, in 32 class-based metrics we selected, the proportion of water body, average water body size, the isolation and fragmentation of water body, and other eight metrics have high correlation with the LST. As a resultant force, the quantity, shape, and spatial distribution of water body affect the forming of temperature. We found that the quantity and spatial pattern of city water body could be allocated reasonably to maximize its cooling effect.

ACS Style

Bohan Yang; Fen Meng; Xinli Ke; Caixue Ma. The Impact Analysis of Water Body Landscape Pattern on Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Wuhan City. Advances in Meteorology 2015, 2015, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Bohan Yang, Fen Meng, Xinli Ke, Caixue Ma. The Impact Analysis of Water Body Landscape Pattern on Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Wuhan City. Advances in Meteorology. 2015; 2015 ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bohan Yang; Fen Meng; Xinli Ke; Caixue Ma. 2015. "The Impact Analysis of Water Body Landscape Pattern on Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Wuhan City." Advances in Meteorology 2015, no. : 1-7.