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Humanitarian shelter assistance increasingly employs build back safer messages as a technical assistance tool to disaster-affected communities. We sought to prioritise the importance of key messages for small, light-weight timber shelter using a combination of Delphi and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. A panel of twelve academic and practitioner experts were asked to rank build back safer messages developed in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 which have formed the basis for subsequent humanitarian messages in the Asia-Pacific region. Findings revealed three groups of shelter key messages by importance: (1) bracing and joints, (2) foundations, tie-down, and roofing and (3) shape. However, there was low consensus among panellists in their judgements of these overall comparisons. The individual structural components used in guidance within each message were also ranked with high consensus among panellists. Our results were consistent with the original message ordering, but expert judgements revealed differing relative structural capacities between components. The resulting numerical weightings and rankings offer clearer guidance on the relative importance of different groups of build back safer messages for non-engineered shelter and housing in low- and middle-income countries. Results may help humanitarian agencies create more targeted messaging to support safer and more durable shelter.
Aaron Opdyke; Zhenwen Wang. Prioritising build back safer messages for humanitarian shelter. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 64, 102475 .
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Zhenwen Wang. Prioritising build back safer messages for humanitarian shelter. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 64 ():102475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Zhenwen Wang. 2021. "Prioritising build back safer messages for humanitarian shelter." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 64, no. : 102475.
Earthquake affected households too often insufficiently apply seismic construction knowledge during reconstruction. This study aims to assess to what degree safety guidelines have found their way to practice in Nepal. Differences are explored between communities in the Gorkha and Okhaldhunga districts, which received differing levels of technical assistance following the 2015 earthquakes. Seismic resistance of houses was assessed 3 years after the earthquakes. Findings from 955 houses in 25 communities show high degrees of adoption of earthquake-resistant construction knowledge in all selected communities. Variation in safer construction across communities differs only slightly for different intensities of humanitarian technical assistance. This finding points toward the need to more closely examine the communication methods employed and motivations of households to build back safer.
Eefje Hendriks; Aaron Opdyke. Adoption of seismic-resistant techniques in reconstructed housing in the aftermath of Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Earthquake Spectra 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEefje Hendriks, Aaron Opdyke. Adoption of seismic-resistant techniques in reconstructed housing in the aftermath of Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Earthquake Spectra. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEefje Hendriks; Aaron Opdyke. 2021. "Adoption of seismic-resistant techniques in reconstructed housing in the aftermath of Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha earthquake." Earthquake Spectra , no. : 1.
Despite expanding infrastructure investments in developing countries, maintenance of constructed infrastructure is not keeping pace and there is a growing need to focus on the long-term operational demands of new assets to reduce vulnerability. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, natural hazards and civil conflicts continue to undermine development and disaster risk management. This research sought to examine how infrastructure asset management can reduce the impact of disasters in the MENA region. Twelve interviews were conducted with asset management and disaster risk reduction experts the MENA region and Australia – the latter to identify transferable asset management best practices. Qualitative analysis of interviews identified regional lessons to advance asset management practice as a disaster risk reduction tool. The four main findings were: (1) asset management practice can be a proactive disaster policy; (2) there is need for appropriate levels asset management policy in the MENA region; (3) asset prioritisation improves the effectiveness and decision making in risk management; and (4) whole of life consideration enables effective planning for asset management practices. In alignment with the priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, this research unpacks geopolitical factors affecting disaster risk and provides knowledge to strengthen governance to manage disaster risk in the MENA region. The research further outlines the barriers and challenges that hinder successful asset management policy implementation, as well as proposes recommendations for disaster mitigation strategies using infrastructure asset management.
Elyssa Mastroianni; James Lancaster; Benjamin Korkmann; Aaron Opdyke; Wesam Beitelmal. Mitigating infrastructure disaster losses through asset management practices in the Middle East and North Africa region. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2020, 53, 102011 .
AMA StyleElyssa Mastroianni, James Lancaster, Benjamin Korkmann, Aaron Opdyke, Wesam Beitelmal. Mitigating infrastructure disaster losses through asset management practices in the Middle East and North Africa region. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020; 53 ():102011.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElyssa Mastroianni; James Lancaster; Benjamin Korkmann; Aaron Opdyke; Wesam Beitelmal. 2020. "Mitigating infrastructure disaster losses through asset management practices in the Middle East and North Africa region." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 53, no. : 102011.
Despite the knowledge gained on post-disaster sheltering and housing over the last several decades, there remains a disconnect in the evidence needed by humanitarian practitioners and the learning that the research community is capturing. To determine the research needed by practitioners, we assembled a Delphi panel of experts in humanitarian shelter and settlements. They first identified and then ranked the relative importance of research topics. Ninety-six research needs were identified and ranked by importance in six key areas that included: (1) comparing and evaluating approaches to sheltering, (2) shelter and settlement programming, (3) design and construction of shelter, (4) understanding impacts and outcomes of shelter, (5) disaster risk reduction and the humanitarian-development nexus, and (6) challenging contexts and topics. Top research priorities identified include a need to better understand how to support shelter self-recovery, longitudinal and long-term impacts of shelter, and the transition from response to recovery. The resulting needs provide a research agenda for humanitarian organizations, academic institutions, and donors, aligning with the Global Shelter Cluster's strategy to invest in evidence-based response.
Aaron Opdyke; Briar Goldwyn; Amy Javernick-Will. Defining a humanitarian shelter and settlements research agenda. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2020, 52, 101950 .
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Briar Goldwyn, Amy Javernick-Will. Defining a humanitarian shelter and settlements research agenda. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020; 52 ():101950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Briar Goldwyn; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "Defining a humanitarian shelter and settlements research agenda." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 52, no. : 101950.
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore communication of hazard-resistant construction techniques after disaster in the absence of outside influence. It further aims to unpack the barriers and drivers in the adoption of knowledge processes to identify strategic recommendations to enlarge adoption of safer construction practices by local construction actors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on an analysis of stakeholders’ perspectives during post-disaster reconstruction in the Philippines in the province of Busuanga after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Data were collected from six communities that received no external housing assistance, analyzing surveys from 220 households, 13 carpenters, 20 key actors coordinating reconstruction or recovery efforts, as well as 12 focus group discussions.FindingsThis research argues for a stronger role of governmental agencies, vocational training schools and engineers. Current communication of typhoon-resistant construction knowledge is ineffective to stimulate awareness, understanding and adoption by local construction actors and self-recovering households.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis in this study focuses on a small sample of communities in the west of the Philippines that are not frequently affected by typhoons.Originality/valueThis is one of the few scholarly works in the Philippines focused on adoption of safer construction practices by community-based construction actors when technical housing assistance is absent.
Eefje Hendriks; Aaron Opdyke. Knowledge adoption in post-disaster housing self-recovery. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 2020, 29, 849 -864.
AMA StyleEefje Hendriks, Aaron Opdyke. Knowledge adoption in post-disaster housing self-recovery. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal. 2020; 29 (6):849-864.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEefje Hendriks; Aaron Opdyke. 2020. "Knowledge adoption in post-disaster housing self-recovery." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6: 849-864.
Urban flooding in developing countries represents a growing threat to sustainable development efforts, yet the tools needed to study these infrastructure systems in data-scarce environments are woefully inadequate. This study seeks to propose a standardized approach and methods for mapping urban drainage systems in developing communities. The research draws on a case study from the Philippines, which sought to conduct rapid elevation surveys and drainage assessments employing open source geographical information system (GIS) tools. We develop a standardized procedure for digitizing drainage systems using OpenStreetMap and Field Papers, as well as discuss applications of this data for drainage design. The results contribute to a methodological framework that can be replicated in other similar developing communities where study of urban drainage is needed for sustainable development and disaster risk reduction efforts.
Lay Shien See; Luke Calo; Benjamin Bannon; Aaron Opdyke. An Open Data Approach to Mapping Urban Drainage Infrastructure in Developing Communities. Water 2020, 12, 1880 .
AMA StyleLay Shien See, Luke Calo, Benjamin Bannon, Aaron Opdyke. An Open Data Approach to Mapping Urban Drainage Infrastructure in Developing Communities. Water. 2020; 12 (7):1880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLay Shien See; Luke Calo; Benjamin Bannon; Aaron Opdyke. 2020. "An Open Data Approach to Mapping Urban Drainage Infrastructure in Developing Communities." Water 12, no. 7: 1880.
Participation has long been considered important for post‐disaster recovery. Establishing what constitutes participation in post‐disaster shelter projects, however, has remained elusive, and the links between different types of participation and shelter programme outcomes are not well understood. Furthermore, recent case studies suggest that misguided participation strategies may be to blame for failures. This study analysed 19 shelter projects implemented in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan in November 2013 to identify the forms of participation employed. Using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, it assessed how household participation in the planning, design, and construction phases of shelter reconstruction led to outcomes of household satisfaction and safe shelter design. Participation was operationalised via eight central project tasks, revealing that the involvement of households in the early planning stages of projects and in construction activities were important for satisfaction and design outcomes, whereas engagement during the design phase of projects had little impact on the selected outcomes.
Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick‐Will; Matt Koschmann. Assessing the impact of household participation on satisfaction and safe design in humanitarian shelter projects. Disasters 2019, 43, 926 -953.
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick‐Will, Matt Koschmann. Assessing the impact of household participation on satisfaction and safe design in humanitarian shelter projects. Disasters. 2019; 43 (4):926-953.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick‐Will; Matt Koschmann. 2019. "Assessing the impact of household participation on satisfaction and safe design in humanitarian shelter projects." Disasters 43, no. 4: 926-953.
The delivery of post-disaster shelter assistance continues to be fraught with challenges derived from the coordination of resources, involvement of project stakeholders, and training of households and builders. There is a need to better understand what project elements in the delivery of post-disaster shelter projects most influence resilience and sustainability. To address this need, we examined nineteen post-disaster shelter projects in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan. We first characterized coordination, participation, and training employed across the planning, design, and construction phases of shelter projects and then used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to assess the influence of these elements, alone and in combination, on building resilient and sustainable community infrastructure systems. Findings show that early involvement of households in planning efforts, combined with subsequent training, was important in evolving recovery outcomes. Our results point to the importance of: (1) supporting household sheltering processes over delivering hard products; (2) strategically linking project processes across phases; and (3) aligning humanitarian actions with long-term development. Conclusions from this study contribute to theory of sheltering in developing communities and more broadly to theory of recovery processes that link to community resilience and sustainability.
Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4241 .
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann. A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. 2018. "A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4241.
Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. Household construction knowledge acquisition in post-disaster shelter training. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2018, 28, 131 -139.
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann. Household construction knowledge acquisition in post-disaster shelter training. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018; 28 ():131-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. 2018. "Household construction knowledge acquisition in post-disaster shelter training." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 28, no. : 131-139.
Participation in post-disaster shelter reconstruction is recognized as an important factor for supporting the sustainability and resiliency of the built environment. Engaging communities in the reconstruction process can help build community capacity and lead to sustained success of recovery projects. However, existing practice often assumes that differing forms of participation are independent of one another, neglecting to understand the influence that early participation may have on participation in later stages of the project. Past literature identified how communities participated in the planning, design, and construction phases in 19 different shelter projects following Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. For this research, we used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze how participation in earlier phases of planning and design affected participation in the construction phase. Results show that early participation, particularly in the decisions of the planning phase, are critical in shaping later participation. Findings also reveal that participation is a process linked across multiple project phases and should not be viewed as a set of independent tasks. These results inform disaster recovery practice by encouraging project strategies that incorporate community participation from the beginning through the end of a project’s lifecycle.
Casie Venable; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Abbie Liel. Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction. Construction Research Congress 2018 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleCasie Venable, Aaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Abbie Liel. Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction. Construction Research Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasie Venable; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Abbie Liel. 2018. "Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction." Construction Research Congress 2018 , no. : 1.
Hazard research has made significant strides over the last several decades, answering critical questions surrounding vulnerability and recovery. Recently, resilience has come to the forefront of scholarly debates and practitioner strategies, yet there remain challenges implementing resilience in practice, the result of a complex web of research that spread across numerous fields of study. As a result, there is a need to analyze and reflect on the current state of resilience literature. We reviewed 241 journal articles from the Web of Science and Engineering Village databases from 1990 to 2015 to analyze research trends in geographic location of studies, methods employed, units of analysis, and resilience dimensions studied, as well as correlations between each of these categories. The majority of the studies analyzed were conducted in North America, used quantitative methods, focused on infrastructure and community units of analysis, and studied governance, infrastructure, and economic dimensions of resilience. This analysis points to the need to: (1) conduct studies in developing country contexts, where resilience is particularly important; (2) employ mixed-methods for additional depth to quantitative studies; (3) connect units of analysis, such as infrastructure and community; and (4) expand on the measurement and study of environmental and social dimensions of resilience.
Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matt Koschmann. Infrastructure hazard resilience trends: an analysis of 25 years of research. Natural Hazards 2017, 87, 773 -789.
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matt Koschmann. Infrastructure hazard resilience trends: an analysis of 25 years of research. Natural Hazards. 2017; 87 (2):773-789.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matt Koschmann. 2017. "Infrastructure hazard resilience trends: an analysis of 25 years of research." Natural Hazards 87, no. 2: 773-789.
Aaron Opdyke; Florence Lepropre; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. Inter-organizational resource coordination in post-disaster infrastructure recovery. Construction Management and Economics 2016, 35, 514 -530.
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Florence Lepropre, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann. Inter-organizational resource coordination in post-disaster infrastructure recovery. Construction Management and Economics. 2016; 35 (8-9):514-530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Florence Lepropre; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. 2016. "Inter-organizational resource coordination in post-disaster infrastructure recovery." Construction Management and Economics 35, no. 8-9: 514-530.
Large disasters damage or destroy infrastructure that is then reconstructed through programmes that train community members in construction techniques that reduce future risks. Despite the number of post-disaster reconstruction programmes implemented, there is a dearth of research on education and training in post-disaster contexts. To address this gap, we applied a mixed methods approach based upon experiential learning theory (ELT) to three shelter programmes administered in Eastern Samar, Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan. First, we characterize post-disaster training programmes based on learning modes and then, compared this to the learning styles of community members. To assess learning modes of training programmes, we analysed qualitative data from interview accounts of community members and aid organizations; and, to delineate community member’s learning style preferences, we analysed quantitative data from survey questionnaires. Findings show that aid organizations administered training largely in lecture format, aligning with the reflective observation mode of ELT, but lacked diversity in formats represented in other poles of ELT. Moreover, analysis revealed that community members tended to grasp new information in accordance with the concrete experimentation mode, then preferred transforming newly acquired knowledge via the reflective observation mode. The lecture-based training predominately administered by aid organizations partially aligned with community learning preferences, but fell short in cultivating other forms of knowledge acquisition known to enhance long-term learning.
Alexander Zerio; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will. Characterizing post-disaster reconstruction training methods and learning styles. Engineering Project Organization Journal 2016, 6, 142 -154.
AMA StyleAlexander Zerio, Aaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will. Characterizing post-disaster reconstruction training methods and learning styles. Engineering Project Organization Journal. 2016; 6 (2-4):142-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Zerio; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will. 2016. "Characterizing post-disaster reconstruction training methods and learning styles." Engineering Project Organization Journal 6, no. 2-4: 142-154.
Following a disaster, communities, governments, and organizations are required to make rapid decisions that will govern the path towards long-term recovery. Hazard-resistant shelter designs have long been heralded as necessary for facilitating resilient and sustainable reconstruction; however, there is sparse documentation of designs implemented. We examine the case of design and building material selection for 20 shelter projects following Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, using photo documentation, interview data and field observations as a means to document rates of design adoption and choices in material selection. Findings use the shelter cluster ‘8 Key Messages’ as a framework to assess level of improved shelter design. Results highlight improved foundations, roofing, building shape and site selection and identify deficits in structural elements, including connections, bracing, and joints. Findings quantify design features that saw poor uptake by organizations and hold potential to inform future practice that encourages hazard-resistant design in the Philippines and other future international disaster responses.
Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann; Hannah Moench. Characterizing Post-Disaster Shelter Design and Material Selections: Lessons from Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines. Construction Research Congress 2016 2016, 1475 -1485.
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann, Hannah Moench. Characterizing Post-Disaster Shelter Design and Material Selections: Lessons from Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines. Construction Research Congress 2016. 2016; ():1475-1485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann; Hannah Moench. 2016. "Characterizing Post-Disaster Shelter Design and Material Selections: Lessons from Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines." Construction Research Congress 2016 , no. : 1475-1485.
Alexander Zerio; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will. Post-Disaster Reconstruction Training Effectiveness. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexander Zerio, Aaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will. Post-Disaster Reconstruction Training Effectiveness. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Zerio; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will. 2021. "Post-Disaster Reconstruction Training Effectiveness." , no. : 1.
Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann; Hannah Moench. A Constitutive Communication Lens of Stakeholder Participation in Post-Disaster Construction. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann, Hannah Moench. A Constitutive Communication Lens of Stakeholder Participation in Post-Disaster Construction. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann; Hannah Moench. 2021. "A Constitutive Communication Lens of Stakeholder Participation in Post-Disaster Construction." , no. : 1.