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This study aimed to investigate the structure of two deciduous forests and assess their above-ground carbon stock in order to promote community forest management (CFM) for REDD+ opportunities in the Ban Mae Chiang Rai Lum Community Forest in northern Thailand. A systematic sampling method was used to establish twenty-five sample plots of 40 m × 40 m (0.16 ha) each that were used to survey the entire 3,925 ha area of the community forest. Cluster analysis identified two different forest types: dry dipterocarp forest and mixed deciduous forest. It was determined that the above-ground carbon stock did not vary significantly between them. An analysis of carbon sequestration in the community forest indicates that carbon stock increased under CFM from 2007 to 2018 by an estimated 28,928 t C and participation in the carbon market would have yielded approximately US $339,730.43 or US $8.66 /ha/year to the community for that 10-year period. Projections for 2028 reflect that carbon stock will experience continual growth which indicates that maintaining CFM can increase carbon sequestration and reduce CO2 emissions. However, though further growth of carbon stock in the community forest is expected into 2038, that growth would be at a lesser rate than during the preceding decade. This suggests that CFM management should address forest utilization practices with a focus on maintaining long term carbon stock growth. Additional measures to address the impact of drought conditions and to safeguard against forest fires are required to sustain tree species’ growth and expansion in order to increase their carbon accumulation potential. Thailand’s community forest involvement in REDD+ and participation in its international carbon market could create more economic opportunities for local communities.
Siriluck Thammanu; Hee Han; Dokrak Marod; Jamroon Srichaichana; Joosang Chung. Above-ground carbon stock and REDD+ opportunities of community-managed forests in northern Thailand. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, 1 .
AMA StyleSiriluck Thammanu, Hee Han, Dokrak Marod, Jamroon Srichaichana, Joosang Chung. Above-ground carbon stock and REDD+ opportunities of community-managed forests in northern Thailand. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiriluck Thammanu; Hee Han; Dokrak Marod; Jamroon Srichaichana; Joosang Chung. 2021. "Above-ground carbon stock and REDD+ opportunities of community-managed forests in northern Thailand." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8: 1.
Forest management is key to maintaining and increasing carbon sinks in forests. In the context of climate change mitigation, the exact number of carbon sinks associated with forest management is estimated as the additionality of activities, which means net greenhouse gas (GHG) removals or carbon sequestration over and above those that would have arisen even in the absence of a given activity. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of forest management activities to present the forest management ratio, of managed area to the total forest area, as an indicator of additionality in forest management in South Korea. Forest management activities based on the IPCC guidelines were spatially constructed, and the characteristics of managed and protected forests from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed. The results indicate that between the managed forests and roads, 90% of the management activities in private forests occurred within 214 m of the road, and 70% of the activities in the national forest occurred within 234 m. Management took place in easy-to-access places with gentle slopes and low elevations. The proportion of protected forests above 40 years old is 87.2%, higher than the average of 72% in South Korea, and it is expected that most forests will age and their carbon absorption capacity will decrease by 2050. The area of tree planting and thinning is approximately 290 thousand ha per year, which could potentially increase the forest management ratio by up to 4.5% per year. However, the actual increase was at an average of 1.4%, owing to the omission of exact information on management activities, such as spatial coordinates and overlapping practices in the same management unit. The forest management ratio in South Korea as of 2019 was 53.4%; therefore, the amount of GHG removal in the forest sectors was 53.4% of total absorption per year. Thus, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the ratio to enhance the contribution of forest sectors to climate change mitigation for the country.
Seunghyun Lee; Sunjeoung Lee; Hee Han; Joungwon You; Jongsu Yim; Jae Bae. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Forest Management Activities from 1990 to 2019 to Demonstrate Additionality for Climate Change Mitigation in the Forest Sector of South Korea. Forests 2021, 12, 1003 .
AMA StyleSeunghyun Lee, Sunjeoung Lee, Hee Han, Joungwon You, Jongsu Yim, Jae Bae. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Forest Management Activities from 1990 to 2019 to Demonstrate Additionality for Climate Change Mitigation in the Forest Sector of South Korea. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeunghyun Lee; Sunjeoung Lee; Hee Han; Joungwon You; Jongsu Yim; Jae Bae. 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Forest Management Activities from 1990 to 2019 to Demonstrate Additionality for Climate Change Mitigation in the Forest Sector of South Korea." Forests 12, no. 8: 1003.
Forest resources are a salient and critical issue requiring ongoing attention by the Thai government. Community forest management (CFM) is a practice used to, among other things, resolve land use issues and regulate the extraction and use of non-timber forest product (NTFPs). Managing as a community forest can not only enhance the livelihoods of the local people but also improve their socio-economic condition. This research was conducted at the Ban Mae Chiang Rai Lum Community Forest located in Pa Mae Phrik National Forest Reserve in Thailand’s northern province of Lampang. We collected species biodiversity data of the forest’s total area of 3,925 ha using a systematic sampling method, and twenty-five 40 × 40 m (0.16 ha) survey plots were established in the community forest. Interviews of 159 household heads and/or other household representatives were conducted using a designed questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on information regarding the households’ NTFP utilization habits and engagement in CFM processes. A forest survey was conducted which found that there were 197 plant species, 144 genera, and 62 families in the community forest. Of these, 160 plant species were classified as having medicinal uses, 89 were used as food, 37 as extractives, 32 for firewood, and 12 for fibers. This study also revealed that unmonitored over-exploitation of NTFPs may negatively impact forest biodiversity. As surveyed, 68.55% of households depended on NTFPs. The value of the harvested NTFPs was 6.35% of the total community income. A positive correlation between NTFP income and CFM suggests that utilization of NTFPs combined with CFM can create income opportunities and promote participation in CFM. In addition, income earned from NTFPs and participation in CFM were directly related to the socio-economics of identifiable groups in this community. Laborers, merchants, and low-income families utilized NTFPs to a lesser degree. Single people, household heads, those with a bachelor’s degree, and low income families were less likely to participate in CFM while land owners were more likely to do so. This study implies that the harvesting of NTFPs should not go unchecked, especially of species that are threatened or likely to be threatened if over-harvested. Efforts to enhance lower income household utilization, to more equitably distribute the benefits, and to incentivize community involvement should be prioritized as doing so is crucial to maintaining a healthy supply of NTFPs and safeguarding the community forest biodiversity.
Siriluck Thammanu; Hee Han; Dokrak Marod; Liangzhen Zang; Yoonkoo Jung; Khaing Thandar Soe; Surin Onprom; Joosang Chung. Non-timber forest product utilization under community forest management in northern Thailand. Forest Science and Technology 2020, 17, 1 -15.
AMA StyleSiriluck Thammanu, Hee Han, Dokrak Marod, Liangzhen Zang, Yoonkoo Jung, Khaing Thandar Soe, Surin Onprom, Joosang Chung. Non-timber forest product utilization under community forest management in northern Thailand. Forest Science and Technology. 2020; 17 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiriluck Thammanu; Hee Han; Dokrak Marod; Liangzhen Zang; Yoonkoo Jung; Khaing Thandar Soe; Surin Onprom; Joosang Chung. 2020. "Non-timber forest product utilization under community forest management in northern Thailand." Forest Science and Technology 17, no. 1: 1-15.
Understanding the environmental factors that influence tree species composition is essential for successful management of biodiversity and sustainable use of community forest resources. This study aims to assess tree species composition and distribution in the deciduous Ban Mae Chiang Rai Lum Community Forest in Northern Thailand and to analyze the influence of environmental factors on tree biodiversity in the forest. We conducted a stratified systematic sampling of the forest’s total area of 3925 ha, and twenty-five 0.16 ha survey plots were established in three different stands of the deciduous forests to estimate and characterize the difference in biological diversity among the stands. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to investigate the environment factors affecting such differences in biodiversity of the stands. The results showed a high diversity of trees in the forest as 197 species, 144 genera, and 62 plant families were recorded. The CCA ordination identified the environmental factors—the most important of which were elevation, distance to streams, soil moisture, organic matter, and distance to communities—that significantly influenced the diversity and distribution of tree species (p < 0.05) in the community forest. Our findings indicate that the implementation of drought reduction measures such as building check dams, fire protection, and monitoring community forest-product usage would be recommended to further biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of community forest resources.
Siriluck Thammanu; Dokrak Marod; Hee Han; Narayan Bhusal; Lamthai Asanok; Pipat Ketdee; Noppakoon Gaewsingha; Seunghyun Lee; Joosang Chung. The influence of environmental factors on species composition and distribution in a community forest in Northern Thailand. Journal of Forestry Research 2020, 32, 649 -662.
AMA StyleSiriluck Thammanu, Dokrak Marod, Hee Han, Narayan Bhusal, Lamthai Asanok, Pipat Ketdee, Noppakoon Gaewsingha, Seunghyun Lee, Joosang Chung. The influence of environmental factors on species composition and distribution in a community forest in Northern Thailand. Journal of Forestry Research. 2020; 32 (2):649-662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiriluck Thammanu; Dokrak Marod; Hee Han; Narayan Bhusal; Lamthai Asanok; Pipat Ketdee; Noppakoon Gaewsingha; Seunghyun Lee; Joosang Chung. 2020. "The influence of environmental factors on species composition and distribution in a community forest in Northern Thailand." Journal of Forestry Research 32, no. 2: 649-662.
South Korea has abundant forest resources capable of supplying the domestic wood demand. Despite the extensive forest resources, there is continued uncertainty about the nature, quantity, and quality of the timber contained in any particular forested area. Additionally, some technical, logistic, and economic challenges act as barriers to the expansion of domestic timber utilization. To overcome these limitations and to enhance the domestic timber utilization in South Korea, this study investigated the optimal location of potential forest industry clusters. The potential forest availability was estimated based on localized allometric equations. The integration of the analytical hierarchy process and GIS modeling, including a supply chain that minimizes transportation costs, allowed the identification of optimal forest industry clusters locations that balanced the economic, environmental, and social dimensions within the forest industry supply chain. The study reveals that the estimated potential forest resources availability presented approximately 1 billion m3, including sawlog (474 million m3) and pulpwood grade (541 million m3). Additionally, 45 percent of the sawlogs and 48 percent of the pup grade wood were produced from the Gangwon and Gyeongsangbuk-do regions. Furthermore, the logistic analysis indicates that ten potential forest industry clusters are best aligned with the optimal socio-economic impacts with minimized timber transportation costs. To identify the optimal size and number of potential forest industry clusters, further studies that consider fixed and variable costs for maintaining the forest industry clusters are required.
Heesung Woo; Hee Han; Seungwan Cho; Geonhwi Jung; BoMi Kim; Jiyeon Ryu; Hyun Kyu Won; Joowon Park. Investigating the Optimal Location of Potential Forest Industry Clusters to Enhance Domestic Timber Utilization in South Korea. Forests 2020, 11, 936 .
AMA StyleHeesung Woo, Hee Han, Seungwan Cho, Geonhwi Jung, BoMi Kim, Jiyeon Ryu, Hyun Kyu Won, Joowon Park. Investigating the Optimal Location of Potential Forest Industry Clusters to Enhance Domestic Timber Utilization in South Korea. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):936.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeesung Woo; Hee Han; Seungwan Cho; Geonhwi Jung; BoMi Kim; Jiyeon Ryu; Hyun Kyu Won; Joowon Park. 2020. "Investigating the Optimal Location of Potential Forest Industry Clusters to Enhance Domestic Timber Utilization in South Korea." Forests 11, no. 9: 936.
Poorly managed forest stands with low forest stock need to be treated properly for increasing quality of timber resources as well as absorption of carbon dioxide (CO₂). As a result of simulating the effect of species conversion projects on CO₂ absorption enhancement in poorly stocked forest stands, the conversion from poor to good growth stands has great potential for CO₂ absorption. In particular, those management activities can secure more CO₂ absorption than the species conversion project registered as an external reduction activity of the national emissions trading scheme in Korea (K-ETS), or the extension of rotation age project in the forest carbon offset program operated by Korea Forest Service. Species conversion in poorly stocked stands can increase the amount of CO₂ absorbed from the atmosphere, increasing the economic profit of carbon credit sales with an increase of timber production. To expand the conversion projects in poorly stocked stands over the country, however, it is necessary to develop criteria for deciding the condition of poorly stocked forest stands taking into account the growing stock of trees with their quality as timber resources. Also, it is necessary to establish a business model available in the private sector to promote the conversion of poorly stocked stand as a nationwide project of the government.
Hee Han; Young-Hwan Kim; Jae Soo Bae; Joonghoon Shin. Analyzing the Effects of Species Conversion Projects on CO2 Absorption Enhancement in Poorly Stocked Forest Stands. Journal of Climate Change Research 2020, 11, 197 -202.
AMA StyleHee Han, Young-Hwan Kim, Jae Soo Bae, Joonghoon Shin. Analyzing the Effects of Species Conversion Projects on CO2 Absorption Enhancement in Poorly Stocked Forest Stands. Journal of Climate Change Research. 2020; 11 (3):197-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Young-Hwan Kim; Jae Soo Bae; Joonghoon Shin. 2020. "Analyzing the Effects of Species Conversion Projects on CO2 Absorption Enhancement in Poorly Stocked Forest Stands." Journal of Climate Change Research 11, no. 3: 197-202.
Harvesting mountain pine beetle-infested forest stands in the northern Colorado Rocky Mountains provides an opportunity to utilize otherwise wasted resources, generate net revenues, and minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Timber and bioenergy production are commonly managed separately, and their integration is seldom considered. Yet, degraded wood and logging residues can provide a feedstock for bioenergy, while the sound wood from beetle-killed stands can still be used for traditional timber products. In addition, beneficial greenhouse gas emission (GHG) savings are often realized only by compromising net revenues during salvage harvest where beetle-killed wood has a relatively low market value and high harvesting cost. In this study we compared Sequential and Integrated decision-making scenarios for managing the supply chain from beetle-killed forest salvage operations. In the Sequential scenario, timber and bioenergy production was managed sequentially in two separate processes, where salvage harvest was conducted without considering influences on or from bioenergy production. Biomass availability was assessed next as an outcome from timber production managed to produce bioenergy products. In the Integrated scenario, timber and bioenergy production were managed jointly, where collective decisions were made regarding tree salvage harvest, residue treatment, and bioenergy product selection and production. We applied a multi-objective optimization approach to integrate the economic and environmental objectives of producing timber and bioenergy, and measured results by total net revenues and total net GHG emission savings, respectively. The optimization model results show that distinctively different decisions are made in selecting the harvesting system and residue treatment under the two scenarios. When the optimization is fully economic-oriented, 49.6% more forest areas are harvested under the Integrated scenario than the Sequential scenario, generating 12.3% more net revenues and 50.5% more net GHG emission savings. Comparison of modelled Pareto fronts also indicate the Integrated decision scenario provides more efficient trade-offs between the two objectives and performs better than the Sequential scenario in both objectives.
Ji She; Woodam Chung; Hee Han; She; Han. Economic and Environmental Optimization of the Forest Supply Chain for Timber and Bioenergy Production from Beetle-Killed Forests in Northern Colorado. Forests 2019, 10, 689 .
AMA StyleJi She, Woodam Chung, Hee Han, She, Han. Economic and Environmental Optimization of the Forest Supply Chain for Timber and Bioenergy Production from Beetle-Killed Forests in Northern Colorado. Forests. 2019; 10 (8):689.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi She; Woodam Chung; Hee Han; She; Han. 2019. "Economic and Environmental Optimization of the Forest Supply Chain for Timber and Bioenergy Production from Beetle-Killed Forests in Northern Colorado." Forests 10, no. 8: 689.
Two ground-based timber harvesting methods have been commonly used for beetle-kill salvage treatments after a bark beetle epidemic in northern Colorado. A “lop and scatter” method uses a mobilized stroke delimber to delimb and buck trees at the stump, leaving tree tops and limbs on the forest floor, while a whole-tree harvesting method brings the entire tree to the landing where it is delimbed and bucked, and thus produces logging residue piles at the landing as a byproduct. We conducted a detailed comparative time study of the two harvesting methods to develop productivity and cost models and compared the performance of the two methods under various site conditions. We applied the productivity and cost models to lodgepole pine forest stands totaling 3400 hectares of the Colorado State Forest State Park to estimate salvage harvesting costs for each forest stand and identify the least costly harvesting options. The results show that the estimated stump-to-truck timber production costs were $30.00 per oven dry ton (odt) for lop and scatter and $23.88 odt−1 for the whole-tree method in our study harvest unit. At the forest level, the estimated average stump-to-truck costs were $54.67 odt−1 and $56.95 odt−1 for lop and scatter and whole-tree harvesting, respectively. Skidding distance and downed trees affect the harvesting costs of both methods, but their influence appears to be more significant on the whole-tree method.
Hee Han; Woodam Chung; Ji She; Nathaniel Anderson; Lucas Wells. Productivity and Costs of Two Beetle-Kill Salvage Harvesting Methods in Northern Colorado. Forests 2018, 9, 572 .
AMA StyleHee Han, Woodam Chung, Ji She, Nathaniel Anderson, Lucas Wells. Productivity and Costs of Two Beetle-Kill Salvage Harvesting Methods in Northern Colorado. Forests. 2018; 9 (9):572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Woodam Chung; Ji She; Nathaniel Anderson; Lucas Wells. 2018. "Productivity and Costs of Two Beetle-Kill Salvage Harvesting Methods in Northern Colorado." Forests 9, no. 9: 572.
This study aims to analyse the current perceptions of forest owners regarding long-rotation forestry in South Korea, and to explore reforestation policies, in order to identify ways in which they may improve their applicability to successful management of timber resources. The majority of forest owners had a negative perception of long-rotation forestry, and preferred to select tree species that produce short-term profits. Government subsidies to reduce the costs of timber production, tax benefits, and technical supports are required in order to encourage forest owners to pursue long-rotation forestry. Such efforts need to be enacted in conjunction with policies that improve the profitability of forest ownership in the domestic timber market, such as a new log scaling system that places higher value on locally produced timbers, as well as policies that facilitate active use of government support systems. Spanish El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las percepciones actuales de los propietarios forestales sobre la silvicultura de turno largo en Corea del Sur y examinar las políticas de reforestación, a fin de identificar formas mediante las que mejorar su aplicabilidad a la gestión exitosa de los recursos maderables. La mayoría de los propietarios de bosques mostraron una percepción negativa de la silvicultura de turno largo, y su preferencia fue seleccionar especies de árboles que produjeran ganancias a corto plazo. A fin de alentar a los propietarios de bosques a dedicarse a la silvicultura de turno largo, se requieren subsidios gubernamentales para reducir los costos de la producción de madera, además de beneficios fiscales y apoyo técnico. Estos esfuerzos se deben implementar a la par de políticas que mejoren la rentabilidad de la propiedad forestal en el mercado nacional de madera, como un nuevo sistema de cubicación de trozas que otorgue mayor valor a las maderas producidas localmente, así como políticas que faciliten el uso activo de sistemas de apoyo gubernamental. French Cette étude s'efforce d'analyser les perceptions actuelles qu'ont les propriétaires forestiers d'une foresterie à rotation longue en Corée du sud, et d'examiner les politiques de reforestation, afin d'identifier les routes que celles-ci pourraient emprunter pour améliorer leur application, cherchant à obtenir une bonne gestion des ressources de bois. La majorité des propriétaires forestiers avaient une vue négative de la foresterie à rotation longue, et préféraient sélectionner des espèces d'arbres offrant des profits à court terme. Des subventions gouvernementales pour réduire le coût de la production de bois, des avantages fiscaux et une aide technique sont nécessaires pour encourager ces propriétaires forestiers à s'engager dans une foresterie à rotation longue. De tels efforts devraient être menés en conjonction avec des politiques fortifiant la profitabilité de la propriété forestière dans le marché du bois domestique, comme, par exemple, de nouveaux systèmes de classement des bûches accordant une valeur plus élevée au bois produit localement, ainsi que de politiques facilitant un usage actif des systèmes de soutien gouvernementaux.
Hee Han; A. Seol; Y. Jung; J. Chung. Maintaining long-rotation forestry: a new challenge for sustained yield of timber resources in South Korea. International Forestry Review 2018, 20, 199 -205.
AMA StyleHee Han, A. Seol, Y. Jung, J. Chung. Maintaining long-rotation forestry: a new challenge for sustained yield of timber resources in South Korea. International Forestry Review. 2018; 20 (2):199-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; A. Seol; Y. Jung; J. Chung. 2018. "Maintaining long-rotation forestry: a new challenge for sustained yield of timber resources in South Korea." International Forestry Review 20, no. 2: 199-205.
An important task in forest residue recovery operations is to select the most cost-efficient feedstock logistics system for a given distribution of residue piles, road access, and available machinery. Notable considerations include inaccessibility of treatment units to large chip vans and frequent, long-distance mobilization of forestry equipment required to process dispersed residues. In this study, we present optimized biomass feedstock logistics on a tree-shaped road network that take into account the following options: (1) grinding residues at the site of treatment and forwarding ground residues either directly to bioenergy facility or to a concentration yard where they are transshipped to large chip vans, (2) forwarding residues to a concentration yard where they are stored and ground directly into chip vans, and (3) forwarding residues to a nearby grinder location and forwarding the ground materials. A mixed-integer programming model coupled with a network algorithm was developed to solve the problem. The model was applied to recovery operations on a study site in Colorado, USA, and the optimal solution reduced the cost of logistics up to 11% compared to the conventional system. This is an important result because this cost reduction propagates downstream through the biomass supply chain, reducing production costs for bioenergy and bioproducts.
Hee Han; Woodam Chung; Lucas Wells; Nathaniel Anderson. Optimizing Biomass Feedstock Logistics for Forest Residue Processing and Transportation on a Tree-Shaped Road Network. Forests 2018, 9, 121 .
AMA StyleHee Han, Woodam Chung, Lucas Wells, Nathaniel Anderson. Optimizing Biomass Feedstock Logistics for Forest Residue Processing and Transportation on a Tree-Shaped Road Network. Forests. 2018; 9 (3):121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Woodam Chung; Lucas Wells; Nathaniel Anderson. 2018. "Optimizing Biomass Feedstock Logistics for Forest Residue Processing and Transportation on a Tree-Shaped Road Network." Forests 9, no. 3: 121.
The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) has affected millions of acres of forests in the Rocky Mountain region in the United States. This study quantified the difficulty of harvesting beetle-killed stands caused by downed trees. A detailed time study was conducted on a whole-tree clearcut harvest using a ground-based system in western Montana in August 2015. Our study shows that the productivity of the feller-buncher was highly affected by the number of downed trees. The feller-buncher average cycle time per tree was 7.0 s when only standing trees were cut and bunched whereas it took 13.2 s per tree when the bunch included one or more downed trees. Our results also indicate that stand conditions with various levels of downed trees affect the unit production cost and productivity of the entire harvesting system by increasing operational delays in the combined felling, skidding, and delimbing operation. This research provides insight into how optimized system configurations may help cope with the increase in harvesting cost caused by beetle-killed stand conditions and helps quantify the potential financial impacts of delayed stand management decisions in the wake of high-mortality forest disturbances.
Yaejun Kim; Woodam Chung; Hee Han; Nathaniel M. Anderson. Effect of Downed Trees on Harvesting Productivity and Costs in Beetle-Killed Stands. Forest Science 2017, 63, 596 -605.
AMA StyleYaejun Kim, Woodam Chung, Hee Han, Nathaniel M. Anderson. Effect of Downed Trees on Harvesting Productivity and Costs in Beetle-Killed Stands. Forest Science. 2017; 63 (6):596-605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaejun Kim; Woodam Chung; Hee Han; Nathaniel M. Anderson. 2017. "Effect of Downed Trees on Harvesting Productivity and Costs in Beetle-Killed Stands." Forest Science 63, no. 6: 596-605.
The recent mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic has affected millions of hectares of conifer forests in the Rocky Mountains. Land managers are interested in using biomass from beetle-killed trees for bioenergy and biobased products, but they lack adequate information to accurately estimate biomass in stands with heavy mortality. We destructively sampled live (n = 7) and mountain pine beetle-killed (n = 7) lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) trees in the northern Colorado Rocky Mountains to develop and compare diameter-based aboveground component biomass equations. We used the seemingly unrelated regression approach to simultaneously estimate the parameters in the system of allometric equations. The results show no significant difference in total aboveground biomass between live and dead trees. However, top, bark, and foliage components are significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). When logging residues (i.e., tree tops, branches, and foliage) are of interest as biomass feedstock, the allometric equations developed for beetle-killed trees could provide more accurate estimates of the resources available in beetle-killed stands than the existing live tree allometric equations.
Woodam Chung; Paul Evangelista; Nathaniel Anderson; Anthony Vorster; Robert Sturtevant; Hee Han; Krishna Poudel. Estimating Aboveground Tree Biomass for Beetle-Killed Lodgepole Pine in the Rocky Mountains of Northern Colorado. Forest Science 2017, 63, 413 -419.
AMA StyleWoodam Chung, Paul Evangelista, Nathaniel Anderson, Anthony Vorster, Robert Sturtevant, Hee Han, Krishna Poudel. Estimating Aboveground Tree Biomass for Beetle-Killed Lodgepole Pine in the Rocky Mountains of Northern Colorado. Forest Science. 2017; 63 (4):413-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWoodam Chung; Paul Evangelista; Nathaniel Anderson; Anthony Vorster; Robert Sturtevant; Hee Han; Krishna Poudel. 2017. "Estimating Aboveground Tree Biomass for Beetle-Killed Lodgepole Pine in the Rocky Mountains of Northern Colorado." Forest Science 63, no. 4: 413-419.
Hee Han; Kwang-Min Jang; Joo-Sang Chung. Selecting suitable sites for mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) cultivation by using geographically weighted logistic regression. Journal of Mountain Science 2017, 14, 492 -500.
AMA StyleHee Han, Kwang-Min Jang, Joo-Sang Chung. Selecting suitable sites for mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) cultivation by using geographically weighted logistic regression. Journal of Mountain Science. 2017; 14 (3):492-500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Kwang-Min Jang; Joo-Sang Chung. 2017. "Selecting suitable sites for mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng) cultivation by using geographically weighted logistic regression." Journal of Mountain Science 14, no. 3: 492-500.
Yaejun Kim; Woodam Chung; Hee Han; Nathaniel M. Anderson. The Effect of Downed Trees on Harvesting Productivity and Costs in Beetle-Killed Stands. Forest Science 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleYaejun Kim, Woodam Chung, Hee Han, Nathaniel M. Anderson. The Effect of Downed Trees on Harvesting Productivity and Costs in Beetle-Killed Stands. Forest Science. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaejun Kim; Woodam Chung; Hee Han; Nathaniel M. Anderson. 2017. "The Effect of Downed Trees on Harvesting Productivity and Costs in Beetle-Killed Stands." Forest Science , no. : 1.
Forests provide wood products and feedstock for bioenergy and bio-based products that can mitigate climate change by reducing carbon emissions. In order to assess the effects of forest products on reducing carbon emissions, we analyzed the carbon balance for individual carbon pools across the forest supply chain over a long period of time. We simulated particular forest supply chain activities pertaining to even-aged management of pine stands in South Korea to demonstrate our methods. Two different rotation scenarios (i.e., 40 and 70 years) were assessed over the 280-year time horizon in terms of temporal changes in carbon stock in each carbon pool along the supply chain, carbon transfer between carbon pools, substitution effects, and delayed carbon release by wood products. We found that the average carbon stock level was higher for the 70-year rotation scenario, but the total amount of gain in carbon was higher for the 40-year rotation at the end of the time horizon. This study confirms that forest products and energy feedstock can both reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon storage. However, the complexity of carbon accounting along the supply chain warrants a thorough evaluation from diverse perspectives when it is used to assess forest carbon management options.
Hee Han; Woodam Chung. Carbon balance of forest stands, wood products and their utilization in South Korea. Journal of Forest Research 2016, 21, 199 -210.
AMA StyleHee Han, Woodam Chung. Carbon balance of forest stands, wood products and their utilization in South Korea. Journal of Forest Research. 2016; 21 (5):199-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Woodam Chung. 2016. "Carbon balance of forest stands, wood products and their utilization in South Korea." Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 5: 199-210.
Hee Han; Woodam Chung; Jungeun Song; Ara Seol; Joosang Chung. A terrain-based method for selecting potential mountain ridge protection areas in South Korea. Landscape Research 2016, 41, 1 -16.
AMA StyleHee Han, Woodam Chung, Jungeun Song, Ara Seol, Joosang Chung. A terrain-based method for selecting potential mountain ridge protection areas in South Korea. Landscape Research. 2016; 41 (8):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Woodam Chung; Jungeun Song; Ara Seol; Joosang Chung. 2016. "A terrain-based method for selecting potential mountain ridge protection areas in South Korea." Landscape Research 41, no. 8: 1-16.
The objective of this study was to assess the potential suitability of forest stands of the Mt. Baek-un region in South Korea as habitats for Kirengeshoma koreana by determining essential biotic and abiotic environmental factors using MaxEnt. Presence data were collected from 16 plots in the study area, and a forest stand map was used to assess the potential suitability of the plot as habitat for the species. The topographic site characteristics were analyzed using GIS, and the terrain relief conditions were measured using the topographic position index. The site environmental factors that significantly influenced the potential suitability of the forest stands as habitats for K. koreana were chosen using MaxEnt. The results indicated that landform types, soil depth, and water and light availability at the forest floor were the factors that most strongly influenced K. koreana habitat suitability. These significant environmental factors were assessed to determine the forest stand sites that were most suitable as potential habitats for the species in the study area.
Hee Han; Seonhee Cho; Jungeun Song; Ara Seol; Hyejean Chung; Joonsun Kim; Joosang Chung. Assessing the potential suitability of forest stands as Kirengeshoma koreana habitat using MaxEnt. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 2013, 10, 339 -348.
AMA StyleHee Han, Seonhee Cho, Jungeun Song, Ara Seol, Hyejean Chung, Joonsun Kim, Joosang Chung. Assessing the potential suitability of forest stands as Kirengeshoma koreana habitat using MaxEnt. Landscape and Ecological Engineering. 2013; 10 (2):339-348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Seonhee Cho; Jungeun Song; Ara Seol; Hyejean Chung; Joonsun Kim; Joosang Chung. 2013. "Assessing the potential suitability of forest stands as Kirengeshoma koreana habitat using MaxEnt." Landscape and Ecological Engineering 10, no. 2: 339-348.
The objective of this study was to investigate the herb species diversity associated with biotic and abiotic forest site factors in the Kwangneung Experimental Forest in South Korea. Vegetation data were collected from 109 sample plots in the study area and species diversity was measured in terms of species richness and Shannon's diversity index. Topographic site characteristics, soil depth, stand density and volume were also measured in the sample plots as site factors. A multiple regression model was developed to identify significant site factors influencing the herb species diversity in the study area. The results show that stand density, landform classes and the interaction between water availability and aspect are significant factors influencing herb species diversity (P < 0.05). This result suggests that light and water availability are important factors for the herb species diversity of forest stands.
Hee Han; Kwangmin Jang; Jungeun Song; Ara Seol; Woodam Chung; Joosang Chung. The effects of site factors on herb species diversity in Kwangneung forest stands. Forest Science and Technology 2011, 7, 1 -7.
AMA StyleHee Han, Kwangmin Jang, Jungeun Song, Ara Seol, Woodam Chung, Joosang Chung. The effects of site factors on herb species diversity in Kwangneung forest stands. Forest Science and Technology. 2011; 7 (1):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; Kwangmin Jang; Jungeun Song; Ara Seol; Woodam Chung; Joosang Chung. 2011. "The effects of site factors on herb species diversity in Kwangneung forest stands." Forest Science and Technology 7, no. 1: 1-7.
The objective of this study is to develop a forest landscape zoning method using the geographical information system (GIS). The method consists of landscape resources assessment procedures which include the inventory process for identifying landscape resources and the evaluation process for analyzing detailed landscape attributes. This method was applied to a case study of a forest scenery management project in the area of Mt. Sambong in South Korea. Initially, the natural and artificial landscape resources were identified and mapped using GIS. Next, the landscape sensitivity was measured in terms of visibility and visual absorption capability (VAC) using GIS to quantify the relative importance of the features identified in a landscape inventory. Then, the scenic attractiveness of the landscape unit was analyzed to estimate the landscape value. The landscape value was estimated as the function of the quality and quantity of various landscape resources as well as the intrinsic beauty of the scenery as influenced by historical and cultural features. Based on the landscape sensitivity and value obtained, the zoning of the mountain forest for landscape management was done.
Hee Han; J. Song; A. Seol; J. Chung. Field Application of A Forest Landscape Zoning Method. FORMATH 2011, 10, 45 -60.
AMA StyleHee Han, J. Song, A. Seol, J. Chung. Field Application of A Forest Landscape Zoning Method. FORMATH. 2011; 10 ():45-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHee Han; J. Song; A. Seol; J. Chung. 2011. "Field Application of A Forest Landscape Zoning Method." FORMATH 10, no. : 45-60.