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Due to its complicated market mechanisms, conventional economic metrics such as Levelised Cost of Electricity may not be able to accurately represent the economic performance of nuclear fusion power plants on deregulated electricity markets. For this reason, this paper quantitatively analyzes the economic performance of steady-state fusion power plants on deregulated electricity markets for the first time with a newly constructed Simplified PJM Market Model. PJM is a successful regional transmission organization in the United States with approximately 180 GW of generating capacity. The results show that the economic performance of fusion power plant has higher sensitivity to the frequency of unplanned outages (including ones from plasma disruptions) on deregulated electricity markets. It is also indicated that the energy storage for plasma startups could be monetized through deregulated market mechanisms, which could turn into a unique advantage of future nuclear fusion power plants. The paper presents a case-study on a vital new area for the economic assessment of fusion power plant: the economic performance on the deregulated electricity market.
Shutaro Takeda; Shigeki Sakurai; Satoshi Konishi. Economic Performance of Fusion Power Plant on Deregulated Electricity Markets. Journal of Fusion Energy 2020, 39, 31 -39.
AMA StyleShutaro Takeda, Shigeki Sakurai, Satoshi Konishi. Economic Performance of Fusion Power Plant on Deregulated Electricity Markets. Journal of Fusion Energy. 2020; 39 (1-2):31-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShutaro Takeda; Shigeki Sakurai; Satoshi Konishi. 2020. "Economic Performance of Fusion Power Plant on Deregulated Electricity Markets." Journal of Fusion Energy 39, no. 1-2: 31-39.
The adoption of renewable energy technologies in developing nations is recognized to have positive environmental impacts; however, what are their effects on the electricity supply chain workers? This article provides a quantitative analysis on this question through a relatively new framework called social life cycle assessment, taking Malaysia as a case example. Impact assessments by the authors show that electricity from renewables has greater adverse impacts on supply chain workers than the conventional electricity mix: Electricity production with biomass requires 127% longer labor hours per unit-electricity under the risk of human rights violations, while the solar photovoltaic requires 95% longer labor hours per unit-electricity. However, our assessment also indicates that renewables have less impacts per dollar-spent. In fact, the impact of solar photovoltaic would be 60% less than the conventional mix when it attains grid parity. The answer of “are renewables as friendly to humans as to the environment?” is “not-yet, but eventually.”
Shutaro Takeda; Alexander Keeley; Shigeki Sakurai; Shunsuke Managi; Catherine Norris. Are Renewables as Friendly to Humans as to the Environment?: A Social Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Electricity. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1370 .
AMA StyleShutaro Takeda, Alexander Keeley, Shigeki Sakurai, Shunsuke Managi, Catherine Norris. Are Renewables as Friendly to Humans as to the Environment?: A Social Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Electricity. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShutaro Takeda; Alexander Keeley; Shigeki Sakurai; Shunsuke Managi; Catherine Norris. 2019. "Are Renewables as Friendly to Humans as to the Environment?: A Social Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Electricity." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1370.
The authors constructed a dynamic simulation model of a nuclear fusion power plant on Modelica language to obtain fundamental knowledge on the plasma control requirements for the future commercial fusion power plants. The fusion power plant model was designed with a 1500-MW thermal output tokamak reactor with He-cooled Li2TiO3 solid breeder blanket (coolant outlet conditions: 8 MPa and 515.8 °C). A superheated Rankine cycle was designed to achieve the electrical output of 485.38 MW with the operating pressure of 20.5 MPa. Two plasma output patterns, a step decrease of power and a single pulse decrease of power, were simulated to assess the response of the power plant. A sudden step decrease in fusion neutron led to an immediate decrease in the blanket temperature and the first coolant temperature. In order to avoid the sharp temperature drop, a need for a turbine bypass mechanism or a He coolant boiler bypass mechanism was indicated. On the other hand, because of the delay in the plant responses, the deviation of the electrical output from steady state could be minimized by recovering the plasma output in few tens of seconds. Based on the findings, a new diagram was presented that illustrates an important plasma control requirements for future commercial fusion power plants.
Shutaro Takeda; Shigeki Sakurai; Ryuta Kasada; Satoshi Konishi. Plasma Control Requirements for Commercial Fusion Power Plants: A Quantitative Scenario Analysis With a Dynamic Fusion Power Plant Model. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 2018, 46, 1205 -1210.
AMA StyleShutaro Takeda, Shigeki Sakurai, Ryuta Kasada, Satoshi Konishi. Plasma Control Requirements for Commercial Fusion Power Plants: A Quantitative Scenario Analysis With a Dynamic Fusion Power Plant Model. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2018; 46 (5):1205-1210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShutaro Takeda; Shigeki Sakurai; Ryuta Kasada; Satoshi Konishi. 2018. "Plasma Control Requirements for Commercial Fusion Power Plants: A Quantitative Scenario Analysis With a Dynamic Fusion Power Plant Model." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 5: 1205-1210.
Highlights•Future power grids would be unstable due to renewable and nuclear power sources.•Output interruptions of fusion plant would cause disturbances to future grids.•Simulation results suggested they would create limitations in fusion installation.•A novel diagram was presented to illustrate this suggested limitation. AbstractFuture power grids would be unstable because of the larger share of renewable and nuclear power sources. This instability might bring some additional difficulties to fusion plant installation. Therefore, the authors carried out a quantitative feasibility study from the aspect of grid stability through simulation. Results showed that the more renewable and nuclear sources are linked to a grid, the greater disturbance the grid experiences upon a sudden output interruption of a fusion power plant, e.g. plasma disruption. The frequency deviations surpassed 0.2 Hz on some grids, suggesting potential limitations of fusion plant installation on future grids. To clearly show the suggested limitations of fusion plant installations, a novel diagram was presented. Graphical abstract
Shutaro Takeda; Shigeki Sakurai; Yasushi Yamamoto; Ryuta Kasada; Satoshi Konishi. Limitation of fusion power plant installation on future power grids under the effect of renewable and nuclear power sources. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016, 109-111, 1754 -1758.
AMA StyleShutaro Takeda, Shigeki Sakurai, Yasushi Yamamoto, Ryuta Kasada, Satoshi Konishi. Limitation of fusion power plant installation on future power grids under the effect of renewable and nuclear power sources. Fusion Engineering and Design. 2016; 109-111 ():1754-1758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShutaro Takeda; Shigeki Sakurai; Yasushi Yamamoto; Ryuta Kasada; Satoshi Konishi. 2016. "Limitation of fusion power plant installation on future power grids under the effect of renewable and nuclear power sources." Fusion Engineering and Design 109-111, no. : 1754-1758.
This study analyzed adverse effects of fusion plants on the stability of small-scale grids through simulation-based case studies. Major frequency fluctuations were observed in the event of a plant start-up and a sudden interruption of fusion electric output power, as represented by plasma disruption, suggesting difficulties in fusion plant installation to majority of countries in the future. To mitigate the adverse effects, a fusion plant combined with an energy storage was proposed and evaluated. The results indicated that large energy storage like pumped-hydro storage could successfully reduce the frequency deviations to the acceptable range. An innovative offshore pumped-hydro storage, marine inverse dam, is also discussed in this paper.
Shutaro Takeda; Satoshi Konishi; Yasushi Yamamoto; Ryuta Kasada; Shigeki Sakurai. Dynamic Simulation-Based Case Study of Fusion on Small-Scale Electrical Grids. Fusion Science and Technology 2015, 68, 341 -345.
AMA StyleShutaro Takeda, Satoshi Konishi, Yasushi Yamamoto, Ryuta Kasada, Shigeki Sakurai. Dynamic Simulation-Based Case Study of Fusion on Small-Scale Electrical Grids. Fusion Science and Technology. 2015; 68 (2):341-345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShutaro Takeda; Satoshi Konishi; Yasushi Yamamoto; Ryuta Kasada; Shigeki Sakurai. 2015. "Dynamic Simulation-Based Case Study of Fusion on Small-Scale Electrical Grids." Fusion Science and Technology 68, no. 2: 341-345.
Shutaro Takeda; Yasushi Yamamoto; Ryuta Kasada; Shigeki Sakurai; Satoshi Konishi. Requirements for DEMO from the Aspect of Mitigation of Adverse Effects on the Electrical Grid. Plasma and Fusion Research 2015, 10, 1205070 -1205070.
AMA StyleShutaro Takeda, Yasushi Yamamoto, Ryuta Kasada, Shigeki Sakurai, Satoshi Konishi. Requirements for DEMO from the Aspect of Mitigation of Adverse Effects on the Electrical Grid. Plasma and Fusion Research. 2015; 10 ():1205070-1205070.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShutaro Takeda; Yasushi Yamamoto; Ryuta Kasada; Shigeki Sakurai; Satoshi Konishi. 2015. "Requirements for DEMO from the Aspect of Mitigation of Adverse Effects on the Electrical Grid." Plasma and Fusion Research 10, no. : 1205070-1205070.
Hiroyuki Kumano; Tetsuo Hirata; Shutaro Takeda; Tomoya Kudoh. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of poly-vinyl alcohol on supercooling phenomena of water. International Journal of Refrigeration 2011, 34, 1999 -2006.
AMA StyleHiroyuki Kumano, Tetsuo Hirata, Shutaro Takeda, Tomoya Kudoh. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of poly-vinyl alcohol on supercooling phenomena of water. International Journal of Refrigeration. 2011; 34 (8):1999-2006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiroyuki Kumano; Tetsuo Hirata; Shutaro Takeda; Tomoya Kudoh. 2011. "Quantitative evaluation of the effects of poly-vinyl alcohol on supercooling phenomena of water." International Journal of Refrigeration 34, no. 8: 1999-2006.