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2004- MSc in Transport Engineering 2007- Msc in Economic Engineering 2008- PhD in Transport Sciences 2016- PhD in Business and Management Sciences 2016- associated professor at Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2021- scientific advisor at KTI - Institute for Transport Sciences
External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise are among the most important environmental externalities that are generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. This paper theoretically investigates the effects of different traffic conditions on the environmental external costs of urban roads where traffic flow is more complicated than un-interrupted traffic flows. A Monte Carlo method is used to theoretically simulate traffic speed in different traffic conditions. Subsequently, the emitted carbon dioxide (
Mohammad Zefreh; Adam Torok. Theoretical Comparison of the Effects of Different Traffic Conditions on Urban Road Environmental External Costs. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3541 .
AMA StyleMohammad Zefreh, Adam Torok. Theoretical Comparison of the Effects of Different Traffic Conditions on Urban Road Environmental External Costs. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Zefreh; Adam Torok. 2021. "Theoretical Comparison of the Effects of Different Traffic Conditions on Urban Road Environmental External Costs." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3541.
Balázs Horváth; Ádám Török. Közlekedés és környezetvédelem : Emlékeztető az MTA Közlekedés- és Járműtudományi Bizottságának üléséről. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 2021, 71, 42 -50.
AMA StyleBalázs Horváth, Ádám Török. Közlekedés és környezetvédelem : Emlékeztető az MTA Közlekedés- és Járműtudományi Bizottságának üléséről. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle. 2021; 71 (3):42-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalázs Horváth; Ádám Török. 2021. "Közlekedés és környezetvédelem : Emlékeztető az MTA Közlekedés- és Járműtudományi Bizottságának üléséről." Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 71, no. 3: 42-50.
Road pricing is an efficient instrument to regulate use of roads. In Budapest, Hungary, only cordon pricing has been investigated in detail. This paper reports on a study of the implications of applying different road-pricing schemes in the city using a macroscopic traffic model. Firstly, the functional relationship between pricing schemes and road transport demand was investigated. Secondly the implications of applying road-pricing schemes on travel demand, travel time, delay time, average speed and carbon dioxide emission of road users inside and outside of the pricing area, as well as revenues generated by applying the schemes, was studied. The results showed the time-based system had the best performance inside the pricing area, but generates heavy congestion in non-priced roads bordering the pricing area that would increase the travel time, delay time and carbon dioxide emission and would decrease average travel speed in the entire network. The cordon-based system was the least-effective pricing system in most of the studied parameters, while the distance-based system showed good performance both inside and outside the pricing area. Regarding the generated revenues, variable toll systems (time-based and distance-based systems) showed the potential to generate higher revenues compared to the fixed toll system (cordon-based system).
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Domokos Esztergar-Kiss; Adam Torok. Implications of different road pricing schemes in urban areas: a case study for Budapest. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 2020, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Domokos Esztergar-Kiss, Adam Torok. Implications of different road pricing schemes in urban areas: a case study for Budapest. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport. 2020; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Domokos Esztergar-Kiss; Adam Torok. 2020. "Implications of different road pricing schemes in urban areas: a case study for Budapest." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport , no. : 1-12.
The modern transportation system is walking step by step toward automation. As automated technology continues to develop, the new technology offers a considerable opportunity to enhance public transportation systems especially in the development and promotion of the sustainable mobility concepts. The driverless public transportation can only become a reality if they are fully accepted by their target/potential users. Hence, user acceptance studies are of great importance since they will investigate what factors can influence this acceptance. In the current study, the relationship between acceptance of driverless public transportation (PT) and PT passengers’ personal characteristics has been examined using Fisher’s Exact Test. The results showed that the user acceptance of driverless PT has a significant relationship with the health condition of the passengers, frequency of PT usage, age, level of education and the motivation of the trip made by public transportation.
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Adam Torok. User Acceptance of Driverless Public Transportation: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Budapest. TRANSBALTICA XI: Transportation Science and Technology 2020, 67 -75.
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Adam Torok. User Acceptance of Driverless Public Transportation: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Budapest. TRANSBALTICA XI: Transportation Science and Technology. 2020; ():67-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Adam Torok. 2020. "User Acceptance of Driverless Public Transportation: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Budapest." TRANSBALTICA XI: Transportation Science and Technology , no. : 67-75.
Fundamental diagram, a graphical representation of the relationship among traffic flow, speed, and density, has been the foundation of traffic flow theory and transportation engineering for many years. Underlying a fundamental diagram is the relation between traffic speed and density, which serves as the basis to understand system dynamics. Empirical observations of the traffic speed versus traffic density show a wide-scattering of traffic speeds over a certain level of density, which would form a speed distribution over a certain level of density. The main aim of the current research is to study on the distribution of traffic speed in different traffic conditions in the urban roads since the distribution of traffic speed is necessary for many traffic engineering applications including generating traffic in micro-simulation systems. To do so, the traffic stream is videotaped at various locations in the city of Budapest (Hungary). The recorded videos were analysed by traffic engineering experts and different traffic conditions were extracted from these recorded videos based on the predefined scenarios. Then their relevant speeds in that time interval were estimated with the so-called “g-estimator method” using the outputs of the available loop detectors among the videotaped locations. Then different parametric candidate distributions have been fitted to the speeds by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Having fitted different parametric distributions to speed data, they were compared by three goodness-of-fit tests along with two penalized criteria (Akaike Information Criterion – AIC and Bayesian Information Criterion – BIC) in order to overcome the over-fitting problems. The results showed that the speed of traffic flow follows exponential, normal, lognormal, gamma, beta and chisquare distribution in the condition that traffic flow followed over-saturated congestion, under saturated flow, free flow, congestion, accelerated flow and decelerated flow respectively.
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Ádám Török. DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC SPEED IN DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BUDAPEST. Transport 2020, 35, 68 -86.
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Ádám Török. DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC SPEED IN DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BUDAPEST. Transport. 2020; 35 (1):68-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Ádám Török. 2020. "DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC SPEED IN DIFFERENT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BUDAPEST." Transport 35, no. 1: 68-86.
Road traffic noise is one of the most relevant sources in the environmental noise pollution of the urban areas where dynamics of the traffic flow are much more complicated than uninterrupted traffic flows. It is evident that different traffic conditions would play the role in the urban traffic flow considering the dynamic nature of the traffic flow on one hand and presence of traffic lights, roundabouts, etc. on the other hand. The main aim of the current paper is to investigate the effect of different traffic conditions on urban road traffic noise. To do so, different traffic conditions have been theoretically generated by the Monte Carlo Simulation technique following the distribution of traffic speed in the urban roads. The “ASJ RTN-Model” has been considered as a base road traffic noise prediction model which would deal with different traffic conditions including steady and nonsteady traffic flow that would cover the urban traffic flow conditions properly. Having generated the vehicles speeds in different traffic conditions, the emitted noise (LWA) and subsequently the noise level at receiver (LA) were estimated by “ASJ RTN-Model.” Having estimated LWA and LA for each and every vehicle in each traffic condition and taking the concept of transient noise into account, the single event sound exposure levels (SEL) in different traffic conditions are calculated and compared to each other. The results showed that decelerated traffic flow had the lowest contribution, compared to congestion, accelerated flow, free flow, oversaturated congestion, and undersaturated flow by 16%, 14%, 12%, 12%, and 10%, respectively. Moreover, the distribution of emitted noise and noise level at receiver were compared in different traffic conditions. The results showed that traffic congestion had considerably the maximum peak compared to other traffic conditions which would highlight the importance of the range of generated noise in different traffic conditions.
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Adam Torok. Theoretical Comparison of the Effects of Different Traffic Conditions on Urban Road Traffic Noise. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018, 2018, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Adam Torok. Theoretical Comparison of the Effects of Different Traffic Conditions on Urban Road Traffic Noise. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2018; 2018 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Adam Torok. 2018. "Theoretical Comparison of the Effects of Different Traffic Conditions on Urban Road Traffic Noise." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018, no. : 1-11.
The paper presents an overview on the road safety strategies and action plans implemented in the framework of the “SOL - Save our lives: Comprehensive road safety strategy for Central Europe” project. It contains summarization of learned knowledge regarding the efficiency of measures applied and highlights examples of good practices. The purpose of the paper is to provide recommendations for effective and successful planning, formulation and implementation of road safety strategies at community level and also propose a systematic approach for their assessment in the context of sustainable mobility.
Miroslava Mikusova; Joanna Zukowska; Adam Torok. Community Road Safety Strategies in the Context of Sustainable Mobility. Programmieren für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler 2018, 115 -128.
AMA StyleMiroslava Mikusova, Joanna Zukowska, Adam Torok. Community Road Safety Strategies in the Context of Sustainable Mobility. Programmieren für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler. 2018; ():115-128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiroslava Mikusova; Joanna Zukowska; Adam Torok. 2018. "Community Road Safety Strategies in the Context of Sustainable Mobility." Programmieren für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler , no. : 115-128.
In this article automatization of road transport is investigated. In the first chapter relevant international trends were identified. In this paper the research hypothesis is that in the case of automatized road vehicles there is a significant likelihood of endangering human life. Secondly, the history of road safety is shortly described, especially focusing on vehicle design and sweep of system’s theory. In the third chapter evolution of drivers’ assistance systems were elaborated, emphasizing especially autonomous vehicles. Finally, in conclusion the authors warn that new technological solutions could pose new threats.
Adam Torok; Tadej Derenda; Marina Zanne; Mate Zoldy. Automatization in road transport: a review. Production Engineering Archives 2018, 20, 3 -7.
AMA StyleAdam Torok, Tadej Derenda, Marina Zanne, Mate Zoldy. Automatization in road transport: a review. Production Engineering Archives. 2018; 20 (20):3-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Torok; Tadej Derenda; Marina Zanne; Mate Zoldy. 2018. "Automatization in road transport: a review." Production Engineering Archives 20, no. 20: 3-7.
Authors have investigated battery electric road vehicles and their possible impacts on the environment and on the Hungarian and Slovakian energy sector. In this article authors investigated the effect of electric market on the emission of electric cars. After analyzing the tendencies of electric market the tendencies of plug.in electric vehicles were analyzed. As a conclusion authors have showed the significant drop of emission caused by electric vehicles in Hungary and Slovakia. The main finding are from this article that battery electric cars could significantly decrease the emission of transport sector only and if only that the appropriate energy sector support this.
Miroslava Mikušová; Adam Torok; Peter Brída. Technological and Economical Context of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy in Electric Mobility in Slovakia and Hungary. Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, 429 -436.
AMA StyleMiroslava Mikušová, Adam Torok, Peter Brída. Technological and Economical Context of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy in Electric Mobility in Slovakia and Hungary. Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 2018; ():429-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiroslava Mikušová; Adam Torok; Peter Brída. 2018. "Technological and Economical Context of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy in Electric Mobility in Slovakia and Hungary." Privacy Enhancing Technologies , no. : 429-436.
Road safety has an extremely important role in existing transportation systems. Drivers on the road are influenced various factors (light and temperature conditions, visual smog, environment surrounding, etc.) and the driver´s distraction represents the most common cause of road traffic...
Radovan Madleňák; Lucia Madleňáková; Dominika Hoštáková; Pawel Drozdziel; Adam Török. THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC SIGNS VISIBILITY DURING NIGHT DRIVING. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 2018, 12, 71 -76.
AMA StyleRadovan Madleňák, Lucia Madleňáková, Dominika Hoštáková, Pawel Drozdziel, Adam Török. THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC SIGNS VISIBILITY DURING NIGHT DRIVING. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal. 2018; 12 (2):71-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadovan Madleňák; Lucia Madleňáková; Dominika Hoštáková; Pawel Drozdziel; Adam Török. 2018. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC SIGNS VISIBILITY DURING NIGHT DRIVING." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 12, no. 2: 71-76.
In a vehicle with a CI (compression ignition) engine, the power of the latter rotates an electric generator to produce a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gas (hydrooxile – HHO, later just HHO) by water electrolysis. Low HHO content levels in air (0.14–0.18% of the volume) combined with air in cylinders of the CI engine affect the energy and environmental performance of the engine. It was found through stand tests and numerical modeling that chemically active hydrogen starts to ignite at the end of the compression stroke when the pressure and temperature rise prior to fuel injection into the cylinder. Early hydrogen ignition and supplemental energy consumption for HHO gas production worsen the energy performance of the engine and increase concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the exhaust gas. However, H2 and O2 additives reduce concentrations of incomplete combustion products (carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)) as well as the smokiness of the exhaust. When diesel fuel is replaced with biodiesel and when HHO gas is added, the indicated efficiency of the engine changes insignificantly; however, concentrations of CO and HC in the exhaust gas and smoke levels are reduced markedly.
Alfredas Rimkus; Jonas Matijošius; Marijonas Bogdevičius; Ákos Bereczky; Ádám Török. An investigation of the efficiency of using O2 and H2 (hydrooxile gas -HHO) gas additives in a ci engine operating on diesel fuel and biodiesel. Energy 2018, 152, 640 -651.
AMA StyleAlfredas Rimkus, Jonas Matijošius, Marijonas Bogdevičius, Ákos Bereczky, Ádám Török. An investigation of the efficiency of using O2 and H2 (hydrooxile gas -HHO) gas additives in a ci engine operating on diesel fuel and biodiesel. Energy. 2018; 152 ():640-651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfredas Rimkus; Jonas Matijošius; Marijonas Bogdevičius; Ákos Bereczky; Ádám Török. 2018. "An investigation of the efficiency of using O2 and H2 (hydrooxile gas -HHO) gas additives in a ci engine operating on diesel fuel and biodiesel." Energy 152, no. : 640-651.
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Adam Torok. Single loop detector data validation and imputation of missing data. Measurement 2018, 116, 193 -198.
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Adam Torok. Single loop detector data validation and imputation of missing data. Measurement. 2018; 116 ():193-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Adam Torok. 2018. "Single loop detector data validation and imputation of missing data." Measurement 116, no. : 193-198.
Dávid Baranyai; Ádám Török; Tibor Sipos. Kernel sűrűség becslés módszer közlekedésbiztonsági alkalmazása – gyalogos és kerékpáros baleset-sűrűsödési helyek keresése. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 2018, 68, 56 -61.
AMA StyleDávid Baranyai, Ádám Török, Tibor Sipos. Kernel sűrűség becslés módszer közlekedésbiztonsági alkalmazása – gyalogos és kerékpáros baleset-sűrűsödési helyek keresése. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle. 2018; 68 (3):56-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDávid Baranyai; Ádám Török; Tibor Sipos. 2018. "Kernel sűrűség becslés módszer közlekedésbiztonsági alkalmazása – gyalogos és kerékpáros baleset-sűrűsödési helyek keresése." Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 68, no. 3: 56-61.
The analysis on the border crossings, as the objects to decrease the separation effect, is really important for our country, to evaluate the connection of the neighbouring and other nearby countries and international economic centres with Hungary. In our country’s life the cross-border partnerships have an important role because of historical and cultural causes. In recent article, our task is to analyse changes of the cross-border traffic, with the help of the spatial econometrics. The goal is, to show the effect of five outstanding areas on the crossing traffic, and to analyse the spatial connection between them.
Zsombor Szabó; Tibor Sipos; Adam Torok. Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Hungarian Border Crossings. MATEC Web of Conferences 2017, 134, 57 .
AMA StyleZsombor Szabó, Tibor Sipos, Adam Torok. Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Hungarian Border Crossings. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2017; 134 ():57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZsombor Szabó; Tibor Sipos; Adam Torok. 2017. "Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Hungarian Border Crossings." MATEC Web of Conferences 134, no. : 57.
The overall objective of this study is to examine the literature investigating the associations between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and the incidence and prevalence of childhood asthma throughout a critical literature review The study examines and demonstrates the association between TRAP and childhood asthma, the literature associated with it, and the gaps in the current state of research. The exposure assessment methods currently in use in the literature are also overviewed and critically discussed for strengths and limitations.
Khair Jadaan; Haneen Khreis; Ádám Török. Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and the Onset of Childhood Asthma: A Review of the Literature and the Assement Methods Used. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 2017, 46, 21 .
AMA StyleKhair Jadaan, Haneen Khreis, Ádám Török. Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and the Onset of Childhood Asthma: A Review of the Literature and the Assement Methods Used. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 2017; 46 (1):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhair Jadaan; Haneen Khreis; Ádám Török. 2017. "Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and the Onset of Childhood Asthma: A Review of the Literature and the Assement Methods Used." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 46, no. 1: 21.
The length of vehicles is one of the most important parameters in traffic flow modeling and traffic control in many aspects such as speed estimation using the outputs of single loop detectors, length based vehicle classification and density estimation. In the current study, the average length of vehicles in two-lane urban roads of Budapest, Hungary has been measured by the means of manual observation method. Having measured the average vehicles length, their relevant effective vehicles length is manually calibrated within the day that is applicable to the local operating agencies. The obtained results showed that the local operating agencies have to set different effective vehicles length during the day in order to avoid possible estimation errors. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the traffic stream in the investigation area was evident from the results.
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Ádám Török; Ferenc Mészáros. Average Vehicles Length in Two-lane Urban Roads: A Case Study in Budapest. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 2017, 45, 218 .
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Ádám Török, Ferenc Mészáros. Average Vehicles Length in Two-lane Urban Roads: A Case Study in Budapest. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 2017; 45 (4):218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Ádám Török; Ferenc Mészáros. 2017. "Average Vehicles Length in Two-lane Urban Roads: A Case Study in Budapest." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 45, no. 4: 218.
This paper analyses the effect of supporting the public transport policy based on intersection controlling with the aim of tram priority in Budapest, as a case study. The hypothesis related to this study was that the support of public transport is only viable when the marginal benefit of public transport is higher than the marginal cost of individual transport. Therefore, the real costs of this support for the society were estimated. This study revealed that by applying this policy, the waiting time at intersections and CO2 emission-related costs have increased by about 13.7% and 14.2%, respectively. Besides, the estimated monetary gain of tram users would be 17,800 euro on a daily level total by applying the mentioned policy.
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Ferenc Meszaros; Raimundas Junevičius; Adam Torok. Economic Investigation of a Public Transport Support Policy: A Case Study at Budapest. Promet - Traffic&Transportation 2017, 29, 77 -84.
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Ferenc Meszaros, Raimundas Junevičius, Adam Torok. Economic Investigation of a Public Transport Support Policy: A Case Study at Budapest. Promet - Traffic&Transportation. 2017; 29 (1):77-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; Ferenc Meszaros; Raimundas Junevičius; Adam Torok. 2017. "Economic Investigation of a Public Transport Support Policy: A Case Study at Budapest." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 1: 77-84.
Lajos Szűcs; Tibor Sipos; Ferenc Mészáros; Ádám Török. A közúti úthasználati díj gazdaságra gyakorolt hatása. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 2017, 67, 9 -14.
AMA StyleLajos Szűcs, Tibor Sipos, Ferenc Mészáros, Ádám Török. A közúti úthasználati díj gazdaságra gyakorolt hatása. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle. 2017; 67 (6):9-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLajos Szűcs; Tibor Sipos; Ferenc Mészáros; Ádám Török. 2017. "A közúti úthasználati díj gazdaságra gyakorolt hatása." Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 67, no. 6: 9-14.
Adam Torok. Statistical Analysis of Transport Performance: Case Study for Hungary. Procedia Engineering 2017, 187, 722 -725.
AMA StyleAdam Torok. Statistical Analysis of Transport Performance: Case Study for Hungary. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 187 ():722-725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Torok. 2017. "Statistical Analysis of Transport Performance: Case Study for Hungary." Procedia Engineering 187, no. : 722-725.
MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry
Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh; David Baranyai; Adam Torok. Assessing the Possibility of Presenting a Semi-Stochastic Speed-Density Function. MATEC Web of Conferences 2016, 81, 04002 .
AMA StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh, David Baranyai, Adam Torok. Assessing the Possibility of Presenting a Semi-Stochastic Speed-Density Function. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2016; 81 ():04002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Maghrour Zefreh; David Baranyai; Adam Torok. 2016. "Assessing the Possibility of Presenting a Semi-Stochastic Speed-Density Function." MATEC Web of Conferences 81, no. : 04002.