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Jean-Claude Carret
Construction Engineering Department, Laboratoire sur les chaussées et matériaux bitumineux (LCMB), École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), Montréal, Canada

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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In this paper, the effects of pre-cracking on the early-age mechanical properties of a cement-treated base material (CTBM) were studied. To do so, CTBM with 4% cement by mass of dry granular material were mixed in laboratory in order to make cylindrical specimens. Half of the specimens were pre-cracked (PC) with a mechanical impact hammer after a two days moist curing process. The immediate effect of the pre-cracking (PC) was evaluated with dynamic Young’s modulus measurements performed just before (B) and right after (A) the PC. Then, tests were performed in laboratory to compare the early-age mechanical properties (dynamic Young’s modulus, compressive and indirect tensile strengths) of the specimens without pre-cracking (WPC) and with pre-cracking (PC). As early as five days after the pre-cracking, the dynamic Young’s modulus, and the compressive and indirect tensile strengths of the PC specimens are higher than those of the WPC specimens. In addition, the pre-cracking seems to accelerate the hydration process and water evaporation. The results of this study therefore suggest that the pre-cracking only has a positive effect on the early increase of the mechanical strengths.

ACS Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Sébastien Lamothe; Séverin Eusèbe Hounkponou; Alan Carter. Effects of pre-cracking on the early-age mechanical properties of a cement-treated base material mixed and tested in laboratory. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 303, 124488 .

AMA Style

Jean-Claude Carret, Sébastien Lamothe, Séverin Eusèbe Hounkponou, Alan Carter. Effects of pre-cracking on the early-age mechanical properties of a cement-treated base material mixed and tested in laboratory. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 303 ():124488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Sébastien Lamothe; Séverin Eusèbe Hounkponou; Alan Carter. 2021. "Effects of pre-cracking on the early-age mechanical properties of a cement-treated base material mixed and tested in laboratory." Construction and Building Materials 303, no. : 124488.

Research article
Published: 04 February 2020 in International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics
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In the small strain domain, asphalt mixes (AM) have a linear viscoelastic (LVE) behavior that is strongly dependent on frequency and temperature. The maximum ratio of modulus values can be up to 1000, and traditional elastic analyses are not pertinent. The possibility to characterize AM from frequency response functions (FRFs) was studied. A new optimization process using the finite element method (FEM) has been developed to back‐calculate the LVE properties of AM from FRFs. The numerical optimization process was applied to a reference material with averaged LVE properties determined from tension‐compression tests performed on a wide variety of AM types. The LVE properties were modeled considering the 3‐Dim version of the model 2S2P1D (2 Springs, 2 Parabolic elements, and 1 Dashpot). Reference FRFs for the considered reference material were obtained from FEM simulations. Three different configurations that may be of interest for practical tests were studied at five different temperatures. The proposed numerical optimization method consists in performing separate optimizations at each temperature to obtain the LVE properties for the considered temperature. Then values obtained at each temperature are considered to optimize 2S2P1D and Williams Landel Ferry (WLF) Equation constants to simulate the global LVE behavior of the material. The accuracy of the process was assessed regarding both the calculated FRFs and the complex modulus evaluation. Results indicate that the proposed optimization process converges almost perfectly towards the reference FRFs. The simulated complex modulus values are also in very good agreement with the values of the reference material.

ACS Style

Jean‐Claude Carret; Herve Di Benedetto; Cedric Sauzeat. Linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixes from dynamic frequency response functions. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 2020, 44, 1019 -1031.

AMA Style

Jean‐Claude Carret, Herve Di Benedetto, Cedric Sauzeat. Linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixes from dynamic frequency response functions. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 2020; 44 (7):1019-1031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean‐Claude Carret; Herve Di Benedetto; Cedric Sauzeat. 2020. "Linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixes from dynamic frequency response functions." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 44, no. 7: 1019-1031.

Conference paper
Published: 25 June 2019 in E3S Web of Conferences
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In the presented research, conventional cyclic tension–compression complex modulus tests and dynamic tests were performed on an asphalt mix (AM) specimen. For the tension–compression tests, the complex modulus was calculated from the measurements of the axial strain and axial stress. For the dynamic tests, an automated impact hammer equipped with a load cell and an accelerometer were used to determine the frequency response functions (FRFs) at five different temperatures. A back-analysis using finite element method (FEM) calculations and a very simple modelling of the material behaviour was proposed to determine the complex modulus of the specimen at each tested temperature. Complex modulus results from dynamic and cyclic tests were compared and are in good agreement. The norm of the complex modulus obtained from dynamic test is slightly higher and no significant difference is seen for the phase angle. Part of the differences observed may be explained by the nonlinearity of AM (strain amplitude is about 500 times smaller for dynamic tests).

ACS Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Herve DI Benedetto; Cédric Sauzéat. Dynamic testing of asphalt mixes. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 92, 04004 .

AMA Style

Jean-Claude Carret, Herve DI Benedetto, Cédric Sauzéat. Dynamic testing of asphalt mixes. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 92 ():04004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Herve DI Benedetto; Cédric Sauzéat. 2019. "Dynamic testing of asphalt mixes." E3S Web of Conferences 92, no. : 04004.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Applied Sciences
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In the presented research, conventional cyclic tension–compression tests and dynamic tests were performed on two types of asphalt mixes (AM). For the tension–compression tests, the complex modulus was obtained from the measurements of the axial stress and axial strain. For the dynamic tests, an automated impact hammer equipped with a load cell and an accelerometer were used to obtain the frequency response functions (FRFs) of the specimens at different temperatures. Two methods were proposed to back-calculate the complex modulus from the FRFs at each temperature: one using the 2S2P1D (two springs, two parabolic elements and one dashpot) model and the other considering a constant complex modulus. Then, a 2S2P1D linear viscoelastic model was calibrated to simulate the global linear viscoelastic behaviour back calculated from each of the proposed methods of analysis for the dynamic tests, and obtained from the tension–compression test results. The two methods of analysis of dynamic tests gave similar results. Calibrations from the tension–compression and dynamic tests also show an overall good agreement. However, the dynamic tests back analysis gave a slightly higher value of the norm of the complex modulus and a lower value of the phase angle compared to the tension–compression test data. This result may be explained by the nonlinearity of AM (strain amplitude is at least 100 times smaller for dynamic tests) and/or by ageing of the materials during the period between the tension–compression and the dynamic tests.

ACS Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Hervé Di Benedetto; Cédric Sauzéat. Characterization of Asphalt Mixes Behaviour from Dynamic Tests and Comparison with Conventional Cyclic Tension–Compression Tests. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2117 .

AMA Style

Jean-Claude Carret, Hervé Di Benedetto, Cédric Sauzéat. Characterization of Asphalt Mixes Behaviour from Dynamic Tests and Comparison with Conventional Cyclic Tension–Compression Tests. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (11):2117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Hervé Di Benedetto; Cédric Sauzéat. 2018. "Characterization of Asphalt Mixes Behaviour from Dynamic Tests and Comparison with Conventional Cyclic Tension–Compression Tests." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11: 2117.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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In this paper, conventional cyclic tension-compression tests and dynamic measurements have been applied to three cylindrical specimens of asphalt mixes. The results of the two tests have been compared. For the tension-compression tests, the complex modulus was obtained from the measurements of the axial stress and axial strain. For the dynamic testing, an instrumented impact hammer and an accelerometer have been used to obtain the frequency response functions of the specimens at different temperatures. The dynamic complex modulus was then back calculated by optimizing finite element calculated frequency response functions to match the measured frequency response functions. The 2S2P1D linear viscoelastic model was used to estimate master curves of the complex modulus for the two test methods. The two tests give similar results. However, the dynamic measurements give a higher value of the norm of the complex modulus and a lower value of the phase angle compared to the tension–compression results. This result is probably explained by the nonlinearity of asphalt mixes as dynamic tests are performed at a much smaller strain level than the tension-compression tests.

ACS Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Alvaro Pedraza; Hervé Di Benedetto; Cédric Sauzeat. Comparison of the 3-dim linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixes determined with tension-compression and dynamic tests. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 174, 529 -536.

AMA Style

Jean-Claude Carret, Alvaro Pedraza, Hervé Di Benedetto, Cédric Sauzeat. Comparison of the 3-dim linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixes determined with tension-compression and dynamic tests. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 174 ():529-536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Alvaro Pedraza; Hervé Di Benedetto; Cédric Sauzeat. 2018. "Comparison of the 3-dim linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixes determined with tension-compression and dynamic tests." Construction and Building Materials 174, no. : 529-536.

Article
Published: 07 May 2018 in Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation
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In this paper, an investigation was performed to determine the accuracy of a simplified viscoelastic back analysis to interpret dynamic loading tests on asphalt mixes (AM). First, quasi-static cyclic tension–compression lab tests were performed on different AM to fit the 3 dimensional 2S2P1D linear viscoelastic (LVE) model. Considering these tests on very different types of AM, a LVE material with “averaged” viscoelastic properties was obtained. Then, these “averaged” viscoelastic properties were considered to perform finite elements method numerical simulations of dynamic loading tests on a cylinder. The simulations were performed at ten different temperatures from \(-\,40\) to 50 \({^\circ }\)C. The longitudinal, flexural and torsional modes of vibration are studied. The complex Young’s modulus and complex Poisson’s ratio were first obtained using the viscoelastic 2S2P1D model at the first resonance frequency for the three studied modes of vibration. Then, a combined viscoelastic back analysis, which has the advantage of simplicity, was used to determine the elastic equivalent properties and the phase angle of the material. The results obtained directly with the 2S2P1D model and the results from the combined viscoelastic back analysis results regarding both the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio are discussed in the paper.

ACS Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Herve DI Benedetto; Cédric Sauzéat. Multi Modal Dynamic Linear Viscoelastic Back Analysis for Asphalt Mixes. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 2018, 37, 35 .

AMA Style

Jean-Claude Carret, Herve DI Benedetto, Cédric Sauzéat. Multi Modal Dynamic Linear Viscoelastic Back Analysis for Asphalt Mixes. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation. 2018; 37 (2):35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Herve DI Benedetto; Cédric Sauzéat. 2018. "Multi Modal Dynamic Linear Viscoelastic Back Analysis for Asphalt Mixes." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 37, no. 2: 35.

Original articles
Published: 10 April 2015 in Road Materials and Pavement Design
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In this paper, an investigation was performed to determine if the complex modulus obtained from frequency sweeps performed with the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) can be used to accurately predict the creep compliance obtained experimentally using the bending beam rheometer (BBR). Two sets of asphalt binders were tested at low, intermediate, and high temperatures and the results were analysed using 2S2P1D and DBN rheological models. DSR and BBR testing was performed in two different laboratories using different equipment manufacturers. It was found that significant differences are observed between the creep stiffness obtained with DSR and BBR devices, most likely due to the different preparation and conditioning of the test specimens in different cooling media.

ACS Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Augusto Cannone Falchetto; Mihai O. Marasteanu; Herve DI Benedetto; Michael P. Wistuba; Cédric Sauzeat. Comparison of rheological parameters of asphalt binders obtained from bending beam rheometer and dynamic shear rheometer at low temperatures. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2015, 16, 211 -227.

AMA Style

Jean-Claude Carret, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Mihai O. Marasteanu, Herve DI Benedetto, Michael P. Wistuba, Cédric Sauzeat. Comparison of rheological parameters of asphalt binders obtained from bending beam rheometer and dynamic shear rheometer at low temperatures. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2015; 16 (sup1):211-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Claude Carret; Augusto Cannone Falchetto; Mihai O. Marasteanu; Herve DI Benedetto; Michael P. Wistuba; Cédric Sauzeat. 2015. "Comparison of rheological parameters of asphalt binders obtained from bending beam rheometer and dynamic shear rheometer at low temperatures." Road Materials and Pavement Design 16, no. sup1: 211-227.