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The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a hot research topic in the field of road engineering, as there are still many issues to overcome so as to become standard engineering applications. The diffusion of virgin/aged asphalt binder is a key process to improve RAP performance. In this study, the asphalt binder diffusion models were developed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Two kinds of bio-rejuvenators (BR-1 and BR-5) were chosen to represent the straight-chain and aromatic structures, respectively. The method of relative concentration, radial distribution function (RDF), and microstructure morphology were used to evaluate the effect of bio-rejuvenators on the diffusion process of virgin/aged asphalt binder. The results showed that bio-rejuvenators had a positive effect on the fusion process between virgin and aged asphalt binder. The volume diffusion coefficient based on asphalt binder diffusion models indicated that the bio-rejuvenators accelerated the fusion process between the virgin and asphalt binder. After adding bio-rejuvenators to the aged asphalt binder, the agglomeration intensity in the SARA fractions was reduced to different degrees. Due to the aging of asphalt binder, asphaltenes formed different types of micro-stacking phenomena such as “T-shaped stacking,” “Face to Face stacking,” and “Offset Face to Face stacking.” The bio-rejuvenators of BR-1 and BR-5 exerted different regenerative effects during the diffusion process of aged asphalt binder. For BR-1, the “Pull-Out” and “Intercalation” effect can be observed in the process of asphaltene deagglomeration. “Pull-Out” is the main regenerative effect of BR-5 in aged asphalt binder. A strong electrostatic interaction occurs between BR-5 and PAHs in asphaltenes. Thus, BR-5 achieves the goal of aged asphalt binder regeneration by attracting PAHs.
Heyang Ding; Hainian Wang; Xin Qu; Aikaterini Varveri; Junfeng Gao; Zhanping You. Towards an understanding of diffusion mechanism of bio-rejuvenators in aged asphalt binder through molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 299, 126927 .
AMA StyleHeyang Ding, Hainian Wang, Xin Qu, Aikaterini Varveri, Junfeng Gao, Zhanping You. Towards an understanding of diffusion mechanism of bio-rejuvenators in aged asphalt binder through molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 299 ():126927.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeyang Ding; Hainian Wang; Xin Qu; Aikaterini Varveri; Junfeng Gao; Zhanping You. 2021. "Towards an understanding of diffusion mechanism of bio-rejuvenators in aged asphalt binder through molecular dynamics simulation." Journal of Cleaner Production 299, no. : 126927.
Oxidative ageing and moisture damage are key factors in bitumen degradation and asphalt pavement deterioration. The effects of oxygen and moisture on bitumen are governed by their transport and reaction processes. This paper provides an overview of theories and concepts developed to describe the kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanisms of transport and reaction of moisture and oxygen within bitumen. The moisture- and oxygen-induced changes of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of bitumen are also discussed. The aim is to summarize literature findings and conclusions and discuss the possibilities of establishing coupled moisture-oxygen models to be used for long-term pavement performance predictions.
Lili Ma; Aikaterini Varveri; Ruxin Jing; Sandra Erkens. Comprehensive review on the transport and reaction of oxygen and moisture towards coupled oxidative ageing and moisture damage of bitumen. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 283, 122632 .
AMA StyleLili Ma, Aikaterini Varveri, Ruxin Jing, Sandra Erkens. Comprehensive review on the transport and reaction of oxygen and moisture towards coupled oxidative ageing and moisture damage of bitumen. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 283 ():122632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLili Ma; Aikaterini Varveri; Ruxin Jing; Sandra Erkens. 2021. "Comprehensive review on the transport and reaction of oxygen and moisture towards coupled oxidative ageing and moisture damage of bitumen." Construction and Building Materials 283, no. : 122632.
Past research has shown that the ageing process of bitumen is not solely a function of the bitumen type itself, but rather, added effects have been identified attributed to the presence of fillers. Nevertheless, contradicting results exist between the various studies with respect to the implications of fillers on the ageing process of bitumen. The present study aims to develop a better understanding regarding the role of the fillers in the ageing process of bitumen. Bitumen-filler blends (mastics) were prepared, according to a single design protocol, and the resulting materials along with pure bitumen were subjected to accelerated laboratory ageing by means of the pressure ageing vessel. The ageing effect was studied by using dynamic shear tests and infrared spectroscopy measurements. The results revealed the ability of fillers to mitigate age-hardening of bitumen, despite the fact that formation of carbonyls in the bitumen matrix was observed. Oxygen diffusion and adsorption mechanisms were found to be responsible for the observed favourable effect of fillers on the ageing of bitumen, while the gradation, the mineralogical/elemental composition and, to some extent, the specific surface area of the fillers where established as the prevailing fillers’ properties regulating the oxidation mechanisms. The investigation of recovered binders from aged mastics did not lead to any further insight regarding the effect of fillers on the ageing of bitumen. Instead, features were revealed which manifest that the extraction and recovery of bitumen may not be a suitable approach to address the research question of this study.
Filippos Mastoras; Aikaterini Varveri; Maaike van Tooren; Sandra Erkens. Effect of mineral fillers on ageing of bituminous mastics. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 276, 122215 .
AMA StyleFilippos Mastoras, Aikaterini Varveri, Maaike van Tooren, Sandra Erkens. Effect of mineral fillers on ageing of bituminous mastics. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 276 ():122215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilippos Mastoras; Aikaterini Varveri; Maaike van Tooren; Sandra Erkens. 2021. "Effect of mineral fillers on ageing of bituminous mastics." Construction and Building Materials 276, no. : 122215.
Oxidative ageing in bituminous materials is considered one of the most important factors for distress types in road applications. This paper aims to offer insights into the validity of commonly held beliefs regarding the oxidation phases of ageing in bitumen, the fast- and the slow-rate phase, and explore the main oxidation products formed upon ageing. In order to evaluate possible differences between bitumen types, the penetration grade as well as the bitumen production process was varied. Thus, the ageing of three different binders was first studied by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The formation of oxygen-containing molecular structures on the bitumen surface during ageing was studied with Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results of FTIR reveal a gradual increase of sulfoxides upon ageing, while the EPR results show an increase of organic carbon-centred radicals. In parallel, TOF-SIMS results provide evidence for an increase of oxygenated compounds, such as SOx--, HOx-- and NOx--containing compounds. It appears also that paramagnetic metal species, such as vanadyl-porphyrins, are insusceptible during ageing. Overall, the findings of this study are in agreement with a mechanism comprising two rate-determining phases and support the formation of different oxygenated products. It is believed that the experimental approach used in this work may contribute further to an improved understanding of the ageing mechanisms in bitumen.
Georgios Pipintakos; H.Y. Vincent Ching; Hilde Soenen; Peter Sjövall; Uwe Muehlich; Sabine Van Doorslaer; Aikaterini Varveri; Wim Van Den Bergh; Xiaohu Lu. Experimental investigation of the oxidative ageing mechanisms in bitumen. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 260, 119702 .
AMA StyleGeorgios Pipintakos, H.Y. Vincent Ching, Hilde Soenen, Peter Sjövall, Uwe Muehlich, Sabine Van Doorslaer, Aikaterini Varveri, Wim Van Den Bergh, Xiaohu Lu. Experimental investigation of the oxidative ageing mechanisms in bitumen. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 260 ():119702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorgios Pipintakos; H.Y. Vincent Ching; Hilde Soenen; Peter Sjövall; Uwe Muehlich; Sabine Van Doorslaer; Aikaterini Varveri; Wim Van Den Bergh; Xiaohu Lu. 2020. "Experimental investigation of the oxidative ageing mechanisms in bitumen." Construction and Building Materials 260, no. : 119702.
Environmental protection is also pursued by promoting the saving of oil reserves and the proper management of waste through a circular economy. Following this objective, the present study encourages the use of recycled and by-product materials for the production of bituminous binders. The powdered rubber (R) from end-of-life tyres and the re-refined engine oil bottom (REOB), i.e. the by-product of refining mineral waste oils, were used to replace a certain amount of standard bitumen. The experimental program aims to characterize the interaction between R and REOB in order to use them as virgin bitumen extenders. The multiple variables of the production process that may affect the R-REOB blends and in turn the binders’ final properties were evaluated. The R-REOB mixes were prepared by varying the type of REOB, the R content and the mixing temperature. The rheological analysis was performed by means of dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests with the aim to define the variables that strongly influence the response of the R-REOB compound. As a result of this preliminary study, the second phase will focus on extended bitumens that will be prepared considering some of the studied extenders.
G. Tarsi; C. Sangiorgi; A. Varveri; C. Oliviero Rossi. Rubber-Oil Distillation Bottoms Blends as a New Recycling Solution for Bitumen Extension. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2020, 331 -341.
AMA StyleG. Tarsi, C. Sangiorgi, A. Varveri, C. Oliviero Rossi. Rubber-Oil Distillation Bottoms Blends as a New Recycling Solution for Bitumen Extension. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2020; ():331-341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Tarsi; C. Sangiorgi; A. Varveri; C. Oliviero Rossi. 2020. "Rubber-Oil Distillation Bottoms Blends as a New Recycling Solution for Bitumen Extension." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 331-341.
Ruxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. Study on the Asphalt Pavement Response in the Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2020, 871 -880.
AMA StyleRuxin Jing, Aikaterini Varveri, Xueyan Liu, Athanasios Scarpas, Sandra Erkens. Study on the Asphalt Pavement Response in the Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2020; ():871-880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. 2020. "Study on the Asphalt Pavement Response in the Accelerated Pavement Testing Facility." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 871-880.
Ageing has a significant impact on the chemical and mechanical properties of bituminous materials. In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests were utilised to investigate the effect of ageing on the chemical and rheological properties of bitumen. Bitumen films with thickness of 2 mm were exposed to laboratory ageing at various conditions. Specifically, different combinations of ageing time, temperature and pressure were applied on the bitumen samples. The FTIR results were used to quantify the changes in the chemical functional groups and to calculate the combined ageing index (summation of carbonyl and sulfoxide indices) of bitumen. In addition, the DSR test results were analysed to determine the evolution of the black diagrams, crossover frequency and crossover modulus with ageing. A linear relationship was found between the combined ageing index and the distance in the crossover map, providing thus a chemo-mechanics framework to describe bitumen ageing. The results were validated by using data of field aged samples.
Ruxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. Ageing effect on chemo-mechanics of bitumen. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2019, 22, 1044 -1059.
AMA StyleRuxin Jing, Aikaterini Varveri, Xueyan Liu, Athanasios Scarpas, Sandra Erkens. Ageing effect on chemo-mechanics of bitumen. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2019; 22 (5):1044-1059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. 2019. "Ageing effect on chemo-mechanics of bitumen." Road Materials and Pavement Design 22, no. 5: 1044-1059.
Shane Underwood; Silvia Caro; Aikaterini Varveri. Advancements in the characterisation and design of asphalt materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2019, 21, 955 -955.
AMA StyleShane Underwood, Silvia Caro, Aikaterini Varveri. Advancements in the characterisation and design of asphalt materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2019; 21 (8):955-955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShane Underwood; Silvia Caro; Aikaterini Varveri. 2019. "Advancements in the characterisation and design of asphalt materials." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 21, no. 8: 955-955.
Ruxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. Rheological, fatigue and relaxation properties of aged bitumen. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2019, 21, 1024 -1033.
AMA StyleRuxin Jing, Aikaterini Varveri, Xueyan Liu, Athanasios Scarpas, Sandra Erkens. Rheological, fatigue and relaxation properties of aged bitumen. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2019; 21 (8):1024-1033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. 2019. "Rheological, fatigue and relaxation properties of aged bitumen." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 21, no. 8: 1024-1033.
Oxidative aging takes place in bituminous materials during the construction and service life of asphalt pavements and has a significant effect on their performance. In this study, porous asphalt cores were obtained from field test sections each year from 2014 to 2017. The evolution of the properties of the field cores and the recovered bitumen with time was investigated. Cyclic indirect tensile tests were performed to determine changes in the mechanical behavior of porous asphalt due to aging. Additionally, bitumen was extracted and recovered from 13 mm slices along the depth of the cores. The rheological and chemical properties of the recovered bitumen, as well as that of original bitumen aged in standard short- and long-term aging protocols, were investigated by means of dynamic shear rheometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that the degree of aging is spatially dependent, resulting in a stiffness gradient within the asphalt layer. Moreover, the results demonstrate a weak relation between field aging and the standard laboratory aging protocols.
Ruxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. Laboratory and Field Aging Effect on Bitumen Chemistry and Rheology in Porous Asphalt Mixture. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2019, 2673, 365 -374.
AMA StyleRuxin Jing, Aikaterini Varveri, Xueyan Liu, Athanasios Scarpas, Sandra Erkens. Laboratory and Field Aging Effect on Bitumen Chemistry and Rheology in Porous Asphalt Mixture. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2019; 2673 (3):365-374.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. 2019. "Laboratory and Field Aging Effect on Bitumen Chemistry and Rheology in Porous Asphalt Mixture." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3: 365-374.
Asphalt mortar is a mixture of bitumen, filler, and sand. Mortar plays an important role in asphalt mixtures as it serves as the adhesive between the coarser aggregates. Due to the effect of bitumen ageing, the chemical and mechanical properties of asphalt mortar evolve with time. The mortar becomes more brittle and prone to cracking, thus leading to inferior pavement performance. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to quantify changes in the chemical functional groups related to ageing and to calculate the carbonyl and sulfoxide indices. In addition, frequency sweep tests and uniaxial tension tests were performed by means of dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests to determine evolution of the stiffness and strength due to ageing. Two different oven ageing protocols were used to evaluate the effect of fine mineral particles on bitumen ageing. The protocols differed with respect to the order of ageing and mixing of the constituents. The results showed that both the chemical and mechanical properties of mortars significantly changed with ageing. Specifically, the carbonyl index, stiffness, and strength of the mortar increased. Under the same ageing conditions, a higher ageing level was observed for mortars produced by first mixing and then ageing compared to the mortars produced by mixing aged bitumen with filler and sand. This could be due to the presence of sand and filler particles, which resulted in an increased length of diffusion paths and consequently a slower ageing process.
Ruxin Jing; Xueyan Liu; Aikaterini Varveri; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. The Effect of Ageing on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mortar. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2231 .
AMA StyleRuxin Jing, Xueyan Liu, Aikaterini Varveri, Athanasios Scarpas, Sandra Erkens. The Effect of Ageing on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mortar. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (11):2231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxin Jing; Xueyan Liu; Aikaterini Varveri; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. 2018. "The Effect of Ageing on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mortar." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11: 2231.
Ageing has a significant impact on the chemical and mechanical behavior of bituminous materials. In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests were utilized to investigate the effect of ageing on the chemical and mechanical properties of bitumen. Bitumen films with thickness of 2 mm were exposed to laboratory ageing at various conditions. Specifically, different combinations of ageing time, temperature and pressure were applied on the materials. The FTIR results were used to quantify the changes in the chemical functional groups and to calculate the combined ageing index (summation of carbonyl and sulfoxide indices) of bitumen. In addition, the DSR test results were analyzed to determine the evolution of the crossover frequency and crossover modulus with ageing. A linear relationship was found between the combined ageing index and the distance in the crossover map, providing thus a chemo-mechanics framework to describe bitumen ageing.
Ruxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. Ageing Effect on Chemo-Mechanics of Bitumen. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 2018, 71 -76.
AMA StyleRuxin Jing, Aikaterini Varveri, Xueyan Liu, Athanasios Scarpas, Sandra Erkens. Ageing Effect on Chemo-Mechanics of Bitumen. High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6. 2018; ():71-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxin Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; Xueyan Liu; Athanasios Scarpas; Sandra Erkens. 2018. "Ageing Effect on Chemo-Mechanics of Bitumen." High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6 , no. : 71-76.
This study evaluates the potential applications of designated variant ionic polymeric pavement subgrade binders. The polymer binders such as anionic and cationic variants were synthesized and confirmed by physico-chemical characterization techniques. These binders were then applied to two types of soils. The effectiveness of stabilization was evaluated based on the data from standard mechanical tests such as compressive strengths and toughness. In general, the results revealed that application of an ionic moduli binder can improve properties of the subgrade. The strengthening of the soil was attributed to charge neutralization and hydrogen bonding while better dispersions of binders resulted in enhanced toughness and strength. Scanning electron microscopy also confirmed the soil and polymer networks.
R. Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; X. Liu; A. Scarpas; S. Erkens. Ageing effect on the relaxation properties of bitumen. Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction 2018, 421 -424.
AMA StyleR. Jing, Aikaterini Varveri, X. Liu, A. Scarpas, S. Erkens. Ageing effect on the relaxation properties of bitumen. Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction. 2018; ():421-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Jing; Aikaterini Varveri; X. Liu; A. Scarpas; S. Erkens. 2018. "Ageing effect on the relaxation properties of bitumen." Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction , no. : 421-424.
Bitumen undergoes ageing, which leads to changes in its chemical and rheological properties, causing it to become harder and more brittle with time. This study aims to compare the effects of different laboratory ageing methods on the chemistry and rheology of three bitumen types: a Pen 40/60, a Pen 70/100, and a polymer-modified bitumen (PmB). Four ageing protocols were applied: ageing at room temperature, oven ageing, pressure ageing vessel (PAV), and rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) combined with PAV ageing. The effects of temperature, pressure, and ageing time were studied using dynamic shear tests and infrared spectroscopy. The results highlight the relationship between chemistry and rheology of bitumen. Bitumen hardening, which was revealed by an increase in complex modulus and a decrease in phase angle, was reflected in the growth of specific chemical functional groups. Among all materials, soft bitumen showed the greater tendency to oxidize. Different behavior was observed for PmB, which presented the highest resistance against oxidation among the studied bitumens, even though the reaction with oxygen caused the deterioration of the added polymer modifiers.
Giulia Tarsi; Aikaterini Varveri; Claudio Lantieri; Athanasios Scarpas; Cesare Sangiorgi. Effects of Different Aging Methods on Chemical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2018, 30, 04018009 .
AMA StyleGiulia Tarsi, Aikaterini Varveri, Claudio Lantieri, Athanasios Scarpas, Cesare Sangiorgi. Effects of Different Aging Methods on Chemical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2018; 30 (3):04018009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Tarsi; Aikaterini Varveri; Claudio Lantieri; Athanasios Scarpas; Cesare Sangiorgi. 2018. "Effects of Different Aging Methods on Chemical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 3: 04018009.
Cliff Nicholls; Matthew Wayman; Konrad Mollenhauer; Ciaran McNally; Amir Tabaković; Amanda Gibney; Aikaterini Varveri; Sean Cassidy; Rea Shahmohammadi; Kevin Gilbert. Effect of Using of Reclaimed Asphalt and/or Lower Temperature Asphalt on the Availability of the Road Network. Materials and Infrastructures 2 2016, 59 -73.
AMA StyleCliff Nicholls, Matthew Wayman, Konrad Mollenhauer, Ciaran McNally, Amir Tabaković, Amanda Gibney, Aikaterini Varveri, Sean Cassidy, Rea Shahmohammadi, Kevin Gilbert. Effect of Using of Reclaimed Asphalt and/or Lower Temperature Asphalt on the Availability of the Road Network. Materials and Infrastructures 2. 2016; ():59-73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCliff Nicholls; Matthew Wayman; Konrad Mollenhauer; Ciaran McNally; Amir Tabaković; Amanda Gibney; Aikaterini Varveri; Sean Cassidy; Rea Shahmohammadi; Kevin Gilbert. 2016. "Effect of Using of Reclaimed Asphalt and/or Lower Temperature Asphalt on the Availability of the Road Network." Materials and Infrastructures 2 , no. : 59-73.
Porous asphalt concrete (PAC) course is best known for its noise reduction and improved wet skid resistance characteristics. Nevertheless, the use of PAC is associated with reduced lifetimes and high maintenance costs, mainly owing to various distress mechanisms such as raveling. Therefore, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the stress states associated at the micromechanical level, that is, at the mastic–aggregate interfacial zone and the mastic itself. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop micromechanical finite element (FE) models that are composed of realistic asphalt mix meshes with different phases that are subjected to rolling wheel loads. A framework is presented to develop a three-dimensional FE model capable of simulating a rolling wide-base truck tire over an asphalt pavement surface. From results of FE simulations, the stress states at the mastic and mastic–aggregate interfacial layer were studied. For the analyzed surface of the PAC mix, it was observed that the mastic phase registered high stress states compared with the mastic–aggregate interfacial phase, suggesting that the sample may experience a cohesive failure in the long run. The developed methodology also provides a tool to analyze the influence of tire operating conditions such as tire inflation pressures and loads on the stress states of asphalt mixes. Finally, the micromechanical stress response of PAC mix was compared with that of other conventional asphalt mix designs, and it was found that the magnitude of stresses developed in the mastic of PAC are higher compared with the conventional asphalt mix designs.
K. Anupam; S. K. Srirangam; Aikaterini Varveri; C. Kasbergen; A. Scarpas. Microstructural Analysis of Porous Asphalt Concrete Mix Subjected to Rolling Truck Tire Loads. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2016, 2575, 113 -122.
AMA StyleK. Anupam, S. K. Srirangam, Aikaterini Varveri, C. Kasbergen, A. Scarpas. Microstructural Analysis of Porous Asphalt Concrete Mix Subjected to Rolling Truck Tire Loads. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2016; 2575 (1):113-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Anupam; S. K. Srirangam; Aikaterini Varveri; C. Kasbergen; A. Scarpas. 2016. "Microstructural Analysis of Porous Asphalt Concrete Mix Subjected to Rolling Truck Tire Loads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2575, no. 1: 113-122.
Moisture damage susceptibility was evaluated using a conditioning protocol, which comprises two conditioning types, namely bath immersion and pore pressure application. The protocol was used to quantify the effect of long- and short-term moisture damage processes on asphalt mixtures. In addition, computed tomography scanning and image analysis techniques were employed to characterise damage due to pore pressure. Compacted porous asphalt samples, with various aggregate and bitumen types, were conditioned by combinations of water immersion and cyclic pore pressures by means of the moisture-induced sensitivity tester, and subsequently tested using the indirect tensile test. The results indicated that strength degradation due to moisture is influenced by the conditioning regime and time, as well as by aggregate and binder types. Overall, asphalt mixtures with polymer-modified bitumen and sandstone aggregates exhibited the best performance against moisture. Nevertheless, the long- and short-term moisture damage mechanisms had a diverse effect on mixture degradation. Repeated pore pressures were found to have a significant effect on mixture tensile strength. Image analysis revealed the effect of pore pressures on air voids content and interconnectivity of asphalt mixtures, while visual observations suggested that repeated pore pressures induce damage by opening new flow paths and eroding fine sand and mastic particles.
Aikaterini Varveri; Stavros Avgerinopoulos; Athanasios Scarpas. Experimental evaluation of long- and short-term moisture damage characteristics of asphalt mixtures. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2015, 17, 1 -19.
AMA StyleAikaterini Varveri, Stavros Avgerinopoulos, Athanasios Scarpas. Experimental evaluation of long- and short-term moisture damage characteristics of asphalt mixtures. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2015; 17 (1):1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAikaterini Varveri; Stavros Avgerinopoulos; Athanasios Scarpas. 2015. "Experimental evaluation of long- and short-term moisture damage characteristics of asphalt mixtures." Road Materials and Pavement Design 17, no. 1: 1-19.
J Nicholls; M Wayman; K Mollenhauer; C McNally; A Tabaković; A Varveri; S Cassidy; R Shahmohammadie; R Taylor. Effects of using reclaimed asphalt and/or lower temperature asphalt on availability of road network. Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VI 2015, 577 -588.
AMA StyleJ Nicholls, M Wayman, K Mollenhauer, C McNally, A Tabaković, A Varveri, S Cassidy, R Shahmohammadie, R Taylor. Effects of using reclaimed asphalt and/or lower temperature asphalt on availability of road network. Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VI. 2015; ():577-588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ Nicholls; M Wayman; K Mollenhauer; C McNally; A Tabaković; A Varveri; S Cassidy; R Shahmohammadie; R Taylor. 2015. "Effects of using reclaimed asphalt and/or lower temperature asphalt on availability of road network." Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VI , no. : 577-588.
A. Varveri; J. Zhu; N. Kringos. Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures. Advances in Asphalt Materials 2015, 303 -344.
AMA StyleA. Varveri, J. Zhu, N. Kringos. Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures. Advances in Asphalt Materials. 2015; ():303-344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Varveri; J. Zhu; N. Kringos. 2015. "Moisture damage in asphaltic mixtures." Advances in Asphalt Materials , no. : 303-344.
Aikaterini Varveri; Stavros Avgerinopoulos; Cor Kasbergen; Andy Collop. Understanding the microstructure of bitumen: A CLSM and fluorescence approach to model bitumen ageing behavior. Asphalt Pavements 2014, 545 -554.
AMA StyleAikaterini Varveri, Stavros Avgerinopoulos, Cor Kasbergen, Andy Collop. Understanding the microstructure of bitumen: A CLSM and fluorescence approach to model bitumen ageing behavior. Asphalt Pavements. 2014; ():545-554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAikaterini Varveri; Stavros Avgerinopoulos; Cor Kasbergen; Andy Collop. 2014. "Understanding the microstructure of bitumen: A CLSM and fluorescence approach to model bitumen ageing behavior." Asphalt Pavements , no. : 545-554.