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Chichun Hu
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

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Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in Materials
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Utilization of waste corn stalks (CS) has seized extensive attention due to high annual output and hazardous impact of piling aside or direct combustion on environment. However, previously there has been a lot of emphasis on improvement of its energy efficiency as solid fuel while limited investigations are available which explore the possibility of applying corn stalks as performance enhancer in asphalt binder. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of employing hydrochar as modifiers in asphalt binder by a series of experimental tests. In this study, two hydrochar were produced from corn stalks by a novel process called hydrothermal carbonization at a different reaction temperature. The two hydrochar and their responding hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) were tested by chemical and rheological tests. Chemical analysis detected the interaction between hydrochar and binder factions, resulting in poor compatibility but satisfying anti-aging property. Even though hydrochar increased the viscosity of bitumen, implying worse workability, and caused poor storage stability, ameliorated performance of asphalt binder at high temperature by incorporating hydrochar was verified by various criteria such as higher performance grade (PG) failure temperature and lower non-recoverable creep compliance (J nr). Moreover, higher reaction temperature makes hydrochar’s particles smaller and more homogeneous, which results in slightly lower enhanced high temperature performance, more satisfying workability, better storage stability, and greater anti-aging effect of hydrochar-modified asphalt. Eventually, this study provided a promising win-win solution to environment problems concerning corn stalk treatment and shortage of asphalt binder. Further exploration of methods to improve HCMA’s storage stability, real-scale corroboration on trial section and life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement containing hydrochar modifiers will be followed in the future.

ACS Style

XiaoMing Wu; Chichun Hu. Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder. Materials 2021, 14, 1427 .

AMA Style

XiaoMing Wu, Chichun Hu. Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder. Materials. 2021; 14 (6):1427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

XiaoMing Wu; Chichun Hu. 2021. "Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder." Materials 14, no. 6: 1427.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2021 in Materials
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As a good asphalt modifier, natural asphalt has been the focus of more attention because of its low price and ability to improve the performance of modified asphalt. In this paper, the incorporation of a natural asphalt binder in the production of bituminous materials for pavement application in China was experimentally investigated to evaluate the feasibility of such a process and its potential benefits in terms of performance. For this purpose, an asphalt binder conventionally used in the south of China was blended with various percentages of a hard natural binder obtained from the region of Selenice in Albania. The content of Selenice natural bitumen (SNB) was 80.5%, having high molecular weight and the advantages of good stability and compatibility with virgin asphalt. The physical, rheological, and mechanical properties, as well as the modification mechanism of the binder and corresponding asphalt mixture, were evaluated in the laboratory. It was observed that the hard binder improved the response of the binder blend at high and intermediate temperature; this reflected a better stability, improved moisture susceptibility, and enhanced rutting resistance of the mixture. Fluorescence microscopy showed that after dissolving, the size of the SNB modifier became smaller and its distribution was uneven, presenting three forms, granular, agglomerated, and flocculent properties. Chemical test results showed that the modification mechanism of SNB was mainly related to the enhancement of hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces caused by sulfoxide and carbonyl along with the stress concentration caused by silica particles. Molecular composition revealed that the proportion of middle molecules has reduced while the proportion of large molecules has increased. It is considered that SNB is a promising low-priced natural modifier with excellent rutting resistance properties. Future research will be focused on the economic analysis, pavement life cycle assessment of SNB modified asphalt, and its application in perpetual pavements.

ACS Style

Chichun Hu; Yucan Mai; Augusto Cannone Falchetto; Edith Tartari. Experimental Investigation on the Use of Selenice Natural Bitumen as an Additive for Pavement Materials. Materials 2021, 14, 1023 .

AMA Style

Chichun Hu, Yucan Mai, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Edith Tartari. Experimental Investigation on the Use of Selenice Natural Bitumen as an Additive for Pavement Materials. Materials. 2021; 14 (4):1023.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chichun Hu; Yucan Mai; Augusto Cannone Falchetto; Edith Tartari. 2021. "Experimental Investigation on the Use of Selenice Natural Bitumen as an Additive for Pavement Materials." Materials 14, no. 4: 1023.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2019 in Applied Sciences
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With the rapid development of China’s e-commerce and logistics industry, a large number of waste express bags (WEBs) have been produced, which are difficult to recycle. The existing methods of waste express bag disposal often cause severe environmental pollution. It was discovered in this paper that the use of WEBs to modify bitumen could be an environmentally friendly way to recycle WEBs. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using WEBs to modify bitumen and promote the performance of WEB-modified bitumen. In order to verify this assumption, a series of basic or rheological experiments were conducted on different dosages of WEB-modified bitumen. The test results and phenomenon showed that the WEBs could be used to modify the binder homogeneously by using a high-speed shearing machine. The basic experiments showed that the WEBs could decrease the penetration and ductility while increasing the softening point and the rotational viscosity. Additionally, the rheological experimental data indicated that the high temperature performance was improved while the low temperature performance stayed the same. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results demonstrated that modification of the WEB was a physical modification without chemical reaction and the main component of the modifier was polyethylene. The fluorescence microscope (FM) data revealed the micro-structures of different dosages of WEB-modified bitumen. In conclusion, WEB can be a feasible binder modifier.

ACS Style

Yuming Lin; Chichun Hu; Sanjeev Adhikari; Chuanhai Wu; Miao Yu. Evaluation of Waste Express Bag as a Novel Bitumen Modifier. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1242 .

AMA Style

Yuming Lin, Chichun Hu, Sanjeev Adhikari, Chuanhai Wu, Miao Yu. Evaluation of Waste Express Bag as a Novel Bitumen Modifier. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (6):1242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuming Lin; Chichun Hu; Sanjeev Adhikari; Chuanhai Wu; Miao Yu. 2019. "Evaluation of Waste Express Bag as a Novel Bitumen Modifier." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1242.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Bitumen emulsions have been widely used for preventive maintenance of pavements in spite of the existing concerns regarding their inadequate mechanical strength and low early strength. Thus, the conventional preventive maintenance techniques using bitumen emulsions are not sufficiently durable in many cases. This study aims to investigate the performance of waterborne epoxy resin modified bitumen emulsions (WEB) as a pavement preventive maintenance material. Florescence tests were performed to characterize the morphology of the bitumen emulsions containing different percentages of waterborne epoxy resin. Pull-off tests were adopted to evaluate the adhesion strength evolution of the modified emulsions with time. Wet track abrasion tests were conducted to optimize the aggregate size for WEB coating layer. Finally, custom-designed rubbing tests were conducted to simulate tyre wearing on pavement surface, and the skid resistances of the WEB coating layer under different wearing conditions were measured and compared with those of a conventional sand fog sealing layer. The laboratory testing results revealed that waterborne epoxy distributed evenly within the bitumen matrix and significantly improved the skid resistance and durability of the pavements maintained with bitumen emulsion coating layer. The optimum dosage of waterborne epoxy and optimum aggregate size range for the WEB coating layer were also identified, which were 50% by weight of bitumen emulsion and 0.45–0.9 mm, respectively.

ACS Style

Chichun Hu; Jianying Zhao; Zhen Leng; Manfred N. Partl; Rui Li. Laboratory evaluation of waterborne epoxy bitumen emulsion for pavement preventative maintenance application. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 197, 220 -227.

AMA Style

Chichun Hu, Jianying Zhao, Zhen Leng, Manfred N. Partl, Rui Li. Laboratory evaluation of waterborne epoxy bitumen emulsion for pavement preventative maintenance application. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 197 ():220-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chichun Hu; Jianying Zhao; Zhen Leng; Manfred N. Partl; Rui Li. 2018. "Laboratory evaluation of waterborne epoxy bitumen emulsion for pavement preventative maintenance application." Construction and Building Materials 197, no. : 220-227.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2017 in Applied Sciences
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In order to perform three-dimensional digital sieving based on X-ray computed tomography images, the definition of digital sieve size (DSS) was proposed, which was defined as the minimum length of the minimum bounding squares of all possible orthographic projections of an aggregate. The corresponding program was developed to reconstruct aggregate structure and to obtain DSS. Laboratory experiments consisting of epoxy-filled aggregate specimens were conducted to investigate the difference between mechanical sieve analysis and the digital sieving technique. It was suggested that concave surface of aggregate was the possible reason for the disparity between DSS and mechanical sieve size. A comparison between DSS and equivalent diameter was also performed. Moreover, the digital sieving technique was adopted to evaluate the gradation of stone mastic asphalt mixtures. The results showed that the closest proximity of the laboratory gradation curve was achieved by calibrated DSS, among gradation curves based on calibrated DSS, un-calibrated DSS and equivalent diameter.

ACS Style

Chichun Hu; Jiexian Ma; M. Emin Kutay. Three Dimensional Digital Sieving of Asphalt Mixture Based on X-ray Computed Tomography. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 734 .

AMA Style

Chichun Hu, Jiexian Ma, M. Emin Kutay. Three Dimensional Digital Sieving of Asphalt Mixture Based on X-ray Computed Tomography. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (7):734.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chichun Hu; Jiexian Ma; M. Emin Kutay. 2017. "Three Dimensional Digital Sieving of Asphalt Mixture Based on X-ray Computed Tomography." Applied Sciences 7, no. 7: 734.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2016 in International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology
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In order to compute the optimal dowel length in cement concrete pavement, semi-infinite beam on elastic foundation was deduced and modified for the analysis of dowel bars. The dowel deflection, bending moment and shearing were analyzed for dowel bars under the traffic loading, dowel length based on the second inflexion distance was computed and a relationship between dowel length and dowel diameter was established. The theoretical analysis found that the dowel length in Chinese specification is conservative. A finite element model was also established to simulate the dowel load system. Based on the result of maximum value and variation tendency of mises stress for different dowel diameters and dowel lengths, it is feasible to shorten dowel length specified in JTG D40-2002 by 50%. However, considering the construction tolerances in the making and sawing of joints in new pavement construction, which might add 50–150 mm to the required overall dowel length, it’s more appropriate to reduce the dowel length by 20% in practice.

ACS Style

Chichun Hu; Jiexian Ma; Yuan Yu; Yi Luo. Optimal design on dowel length for cement concrete pavement. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 2016, 9, 414 -423.

AMA Style

Chichun Hu, Jiexian Ma, Yuan Yu, Yi Luo. Optimal design on dowel length for cement concrete pavement. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology. 2016; 9 (6):414-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chichun Hu; Jiexian Ma; Yuan Yu; Yi Luo. 2016. "Optimal design on dowel length for cement concrete pavement." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 9, no. 6: 414-423.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2014 in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
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Well-crystallized pure perovskite bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) powders have been synthesized at the temperature as low as 140 °C by a facile hydrothermal method assisted by ethylene glycol. Their structural, ferromagnetic and photocatalytic properties were investigated. It was found that the ethylene glycol played a key role in the formation of pure BiFeO3 at low-temperature. The BiFeO3 powders present a nearly spherical microstructure with an average diameter of approximately 10 μm, and which exhibit superstructures consisting of large amounts of nanoparticles with the average size of 8–20 nm. An obvious ferromagnetic response is observed for the as-prepared pure BiFeO3 powders, with a saturation magnetization M s of 2.5 μ/g and a coercive field H c of 13.1 Oe at room temperature. Moreover, the BiFeO3 powders exhibit both enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B and favorable recycling capability.

ACS Style

Zhiwu Chen; Wuliang Jin; Zhenya Lu; Chichun Hu. Ferromagnetic and photocatalytic properties of pure BiFeO3 powders synthesized by ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2014, 26, 1077 -1086.

AMA Style

Zhiwu Chen, Wuliang Jin, Zhenya Lu, Chichun Hu. Ferromagnetic and photocatalytic properties of pure BiFeO3 powders synthesized by ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2014; 26 (2):1077-1086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhiwu Chen; Wuliang Jin; Zhenya Lu; Chichun Hu. 2014. "Ferromagnetic and photocatalytic properties of pure BiFeO3 powders synthesized by ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal method." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 26, no. 2: 1077-1086.