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Xi Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research & Education Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in Energies
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The energy embodied in construction services consumed by industrial sectors used to increase capacities has led to massive energy-related carbon emissions (ERCE). From the perspective of consumer responsibility, ERCE embodied in construction services is driven by technological changes and the increases in final demand of various sectors, including final consumption, fixed assets investment, and net export. However, little attention has been paid to decomposing sectoral responsibilities from this perspective. To fill this research gap, we propose a dynamic hybrid input–output model combined with structural decomposition analysis (DHI/O-SDA model). We introduce DHI/O modeling into the estimation of ERCE embodied in construction services from the perspective of consumer responsibility and introduce SDA into DHI/O models to improve the resolution of the estimate. Taking China as a case study, we verified the DHI/O-SDA model and present the bilateral relationships among sectoral responsibilities for ERCE embodied in construction services. A major finding is that the “Other Tertiary Industry” sector is most responsible for ERCE embodied in construction services and strongly influences other sectors. Therefore, controlling the final demand increase of the service industry will be the most effective policy to reduce the ERCE embodied in construction services.

ACS Style

Xi Zhang; Zheng Li; Linwei Ma; ChinHao Chong; Weidou Ni. Analyzing Carbon Emissions Embodied in Construction Services: A Dynamic Hybrid Input–Output Model with Structural Decomposition Analysis. Energies 2019, 12, 1456 .

AMA Style

Xi Zhang, Zheng Li, Linwei Ma, ChinHao Chong, Weidou Ni. Analyzing Carbon Emissions Embodied in Construction Services: A Dynamic Hybrid Input–Output Model with Structural Decomposition Analysis. Energies. 2019; 12 (8):1456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xi Zhang; Zheng Li; Linwei Ma; ChinHao Chong; Weidou Ni. 2019. "Analyzing Carbon Emissions Embodied in Construction Services: A Dynamic Hybrid Input–Output Model with Structural Decomposition Analysis." Energies 12, no. 8: 1456.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2019 in Energies
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The energy embodied in construction services (EECS) to increase industrial production capacity, contributes to total primary energy consumption (TPEC) in developing countries like China. Forecasting EECS is important for creating energy policies, but has not received enough attention. There are some defects in the main two methods of EECS forecasting: the static hybrid input-output (HI/O) model and the dynamic HI/O model. The former cannot identify the quantity of construction services, whereas the latter is unstable for EECS forecasting. To tackle these problems, we propose a new model, which is a combination of the static and dynamic hybrid input-output model (CSDHI/O model), for EECS forecasting. Taking China as a case study, we forecast the EECS and TPEC of China until 2020 and analyze the sensitivities of four influencing factors. The results show that the EECS of China will reach 1.79 billion tons of coal equivalent in 2020. The improvement of fabrication level is identified as the most important factor for conserving both TPEC and EECS. A sudden drop in gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and decreasing the investment in the service industry can also restrict EECS growth.

ACS Style

Xi Zhang; Zheng Li; Linwei Ma; ChinHao Chong; Weidou Ni. Forecasting the Energy Embodied in Construction Services Based on a Combination of Static and Dynamic Hybrid Input-Output Models. Energies 2019, 12, 300 .

AMA Style

Xi Zhang, Zheng Li, Linwei Ma, ChinHao Chong, Weidou Ni. Forecasting the Energy Embodied in Construction Services Based on a Combination of Static and Dynamic Hybrid Input-Output Models. Energies. 2019; 12 (2):300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xi Zhang; Zheng Li; Linwei Ma; ChinHao Chong; Weidou Ni. 2019. "Forecasting the Energy Embodied in Construction Services Based on a Combination of Static and Dynamic Hybrid Input-Output Models." Energies 12, no. 2: 300.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2018 in Sustainability
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This manuscript develops a logarithmic mean Divisia index I (LMDI) decomposition method based on energy and CO2 allocation Sankey diagrams to analyze the contributions of various influencing factors to the growth of energy-related CO2 emissions on a national level. Compared with previous methods, we can further consider the influences of energy supply efficiency. Two key parameters, the primary energy quantity converted factor (KPEQ) and the primary carbon dioxide emission factor (KC), were introduced to calculate the equilibrium data for the whole process of energy unitization and related CO2 emissions. The data were used to map energy and CO2 allocation Sankey diagrams. Based on these parameters, we built an LMDI method with a higher technical resolution and applied it to decompose the growth of energy-related CO2 emissions in China from 2004 to 2014. The results indicate that GDP growth per capita is the main factor driving the growth of CO2 emissions while the reduction of energy intensity, the improvement of energy supply efficiency, and the introduction of non-fossil fuels in heat and electricity generation slowed the growth of CO2 emissions.

ACS Style

Linwei Ma; ChinHao Chong; Xi Zhang; Pei Liu; Weiqi Li; Zheng Li; Weidou Ni. LMDI Decomposition of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Based on Energy and CO2 Allocation Sankey Diagrams: The Method and an Application to China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 344 .

AMA Style

Linwei Ma, ChinHao Chong, Xi Zhang, Pei Liu, Weiqi Li, Zheng Li, Weidou Ni. LMDI Decomposition of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Based on Energy and CO2 Allocation Sankey Diagrams: The Method and an Application to China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linwei Ma; ChinHao Chong; Xi Zhang; Pei Liu; Weiqi Li; Zheng Li; Weidou Ni. 2018. "LMDI Decomposition of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Based on Energy and CO2 Allocation Sankey Diagrams: The Method and an Application to China." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 344.