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The aim was to identify different dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns in 5- to 14-year-old children with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity using cluster analysis based on their adherence to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition dietary guidelines and levels of PA, and to determine their associations with age, sex, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk markers. In 549 children, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups with similar adherence to dietary recommendations and level of PA. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1, with the lowest level of vigorous PA and adherence to dietary recommendations; Cluster 2, with the lowest levels of moderate and vigorous PA and the highest adherence to dietary recommendations; and Cluster 3, with the highest level of PA, especially vigorous PA and a medium level adherence to dietary recommendations. Cluster 3 had lower total body fat and higher lean body mass percentages than Cluster 2. Cluster 2 had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than Cluster 1. The results from our study suggest that it is important to consider adherence to PA recommendations together with adherence to dietary guidelines to understand patterns of obesogenic habits in pediatric populations with high prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Mercedes Gil-Campos; Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós; Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Juan José Bedoya-Carpente; Anton Kalén; Luis A. Moreno; Gloria Bueno; Ángel Gil; Concepción M. Aguilera; Rosaura Leis. Association of Diet, Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2954 .
AMA StyleMercedes Gil-Campos, Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós, Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Juan José Bedoya-Carpente, Anton Kalén, Luis A. Moreno, Gloria Bueno, Ángel Gil, Concepción M. Aguilera, Rosaura Leis. Association of Diet, Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (9):2954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercedes Gil-Campos; Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós; Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Juan José Bedoya-Carpente; Anton Kalén; Luis A. Moreno; Gloria Bueno; Ángel Gil; Concepción M. Aguilera; Rosaura Leis. 2021. "Association of Diet, Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children." Nutrients 13, no. 9: 2954.
The World Health Organization has recommended performing at least 60 min a day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reducing sedentarism in children and adolescents to offer significant health benefits and mitigate health risks. Physical fitness and sports practice seem to improve oxidative stress (OS) status during childhood. However, to our knowledge, there are no data regarding the influence of objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentarism on OS status in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of moderate and vigorous PA and sedentarism on OS and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a selected Spanish population of 216 children and adolescents from the GENOBOX study. PA (light, moderate, and vigorous) and sedentarism (i.e., sedentary time (ST)) were measured by accelerometry. A Physical Activity-Sedentarism Score (PASS) was developed integrating moderate and vigorous PA and ST levels. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and isoprostane F2α (F2-IsoPs), as markers of OS, were determined by ELISA; and TAC was estimated by colorimetry using an antioxidant kit. A higher PASS was associated with lower plasma TAC and urinary 8-OHdG and F2-IsoPs, showing a better redox profile. Reduced OS markers (8-OHdG and F2-IsoPs) in children with higher PASS may diminish the need of maintaining high concentrations of antioxidants in plasma during rest to achieve redox homeostasis.
Francisco Llorente-Cantarero; Francisco Aguilar-Gómez; Rosaura Leis; Gloria Bueno; Azahara Rupérez; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Rocío Vázquez-Cobela; María Mesa; Luis Moreno; Ángel Gil; Concepción Aguilera; Mercedes Gil-Campos. Relationship between Physical Activity, Oxidative Stress, and Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Spanish Children from the GENOBOX Study. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 320 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Llorente-Cantarero, Francisco Aguilar-Gómez, Rosaura Leis, Gloria Bueno, Azahara Rupérez, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, María Mesa, Luis Moreno, Ángel Gil, Concepción Aguilera, Mercedes Gil-Campos. Relationship between Physical Activity, Oxidative Stress, and Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Spanish Children from the GENOBOX Study. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (2):320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Llorente-Cantarero; Francisco Aguilar-Gómez; Rosaura Leis; Gloria Bueno; Azahara Rupérez; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Rocío Vázquez-Cobela; María Mesa; Luis Moreno; Ángel Gil; Concepción Aguilera; Mercedes Gil-Campos. 2021. "Relationship between Physical Activity, Oxidative Stress, and Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Spanish Children from the GENOBOX Study." Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 320.
Longitudinal changes of physical activity (PA) from childhood into adolescence have not been accurately described yet for the Spanish population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of PA, assessed by accelerometry and anthropometric measures in a cohort of 213 children from the prepubertal to pubertal period, focusing on those with valid data from both time points (n = 75). Sedentary time (ST) increased about 50%, while all PA intensities declined from the pre-pubertal to pubertal period. Light PA (LPA) was the major contributor, decreasing by about 30%. Boys were more active than girls in both periods, but they showed a higher decline in PA, especially moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The proportion who reached the recommendation of 60 min of MVPA decreased by 33.3% in boys and 4.6% in girls. Children with obesity or overweight had lower MVPA than those with normal-weight in the pre-pubertal period, but no differences were found in the pubertal period. This study shows a decrease of PA and an increase of sedentarism in the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in boys. Regardless of body weight, adolescents tend to be less active. Therefore, prevention programs should be implemented to achieve optimal PA and reduce sedentarism during infancy considering the differences found by sex.
Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero; Francisco Javier Aguilar-Gómez; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Azahara Iris Rupérez; Rocío Vázquez-Cobela; Katherine Flores-Rojas; Concepción M. Aguilera; Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil; Mercedes Gil-Campos; Gloria Bueno-Lozano; Rosaura Leis. Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7227 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Francisco Javier Aguilar-Gómez, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Azahara Iris Rupérez, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Katherine Flores-Rojas, Concepción M. Aguilera, Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno-Lozano, Rosaura Leis. Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero; Francisco Javier Aguilar-Gómez; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Azahara Iris Rupérez; Rocío Vázquez-Cobela; Katherine Flores-Rojas; Concepción M. Aguilera; Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil; Mercedes Gil-Campos; Gloria Bueno-Lozano; Rosaura Leis. 2020. "Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7227.
Despite the existence of global recommendations for physical activity and lifestyle to avoid childhood obesity, there are no specific recommendations for school-age children. The aim of this meta-analysis was to measure the effects of current interventions with a physical activity component on body mass index (BMI) Z-score and on the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time, measured by accelerometry, and focused on children with obesity. Randomized controlled trial studies (RCTs) based on physical activity interventions focused on children with obesity (6 to 12 years old) from January 1991 to August 2018 were included. The post-intervention mean and standard deviation of the BMI Z-score and MVPA engaged time were extracted to calculate the results using random effects models. Of a total of 229 studies considered potentially eligible, only 10 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. There were improvements in the BMI Z-score for physical activity intervention groups, compared with non-intervention children in addition to a significant increase in time engaged in MVPA. In conclusion, interventions with a physical activity component in school-children with obesity seem to be effective at reducing BMI and producing an increase in time spent engaged in physical activity. Therefore, interventions based on physical activity should be considered one of the main strategies in treating childhood obesity.
Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro; Mercedes Gil-Campos; Hugo Gonzalez-Gonzalez; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero. Evaluation of Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions Focused on School Children with Obesity Using Accelerometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6031 .
AMA StyleJose Manuel Jurado-Castro, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Hugo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero. Evaluation of Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions Focused on School Children with Obesity Using Accelerometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6031.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose Manuel Jurado-Castro; Mercedes Gil-Campos; Hugo Gonzalez-Gonzalez; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero. 2020. "Evaluation of Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions Focused on School Children with Obesity Using Accelerometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6031.
The ingestion of beetroot juice (BJ) has been associated with improvements in physical performance in endurance sports, however the literature on resistance training (RT) is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of BJ compared to a placebo (PLA) on muscular endurance and movement concentric velocity during RT. Twelve healthy men performed an incremental RT test (back squat and bench press) with three sets, at 60%, 70%, and 80% of their repetition maximum (1-RM). Movement velocity variables, total number of repetitions performed until concentric failure, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived effort post-training were measured. A higher number of repetitions were recorded with BJ compared to those with PLA (13.8 ± 14.4; p < 0.01; effect size (ES) = 0.6). Differences were found at 60% 1-RM (9 ± 10; p < 0.05; ES = 0.61) and 70% 1-RM (3.1 ± 4.8; p < 0.05; ES = 0.49), however, no differences were found at 80% 1-RM (1.7 ± 1; p = 0.12; ES = 0.41). A greater number of repetitions was performed in back squat (13.4 ± 13; p < 0.01; ES = 0.77), but no differences were observed in bench press (0.4 ± 5.1; p = 0.785; ES = 0.03). No differences were found for the rest of the variables (p > 0.05). Acute supplementation of BJ improved muscular endurance performance in RT.
Antonio Ranchal-Sanchez; Victor Manuel Diaz-Bernier; Candelaria Alonso De La Florida-Villagran; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero; Julian Campos-Perez; Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro. Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1912 .
AMA StyleAntonio Ranchal-Sanchez, Victor Manuel Diaz-Bernier, Candelaria Alonso De La Florida-Villagran, Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero, Julian Campos-Perez, Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro. Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (7):1912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Ranchal-Sanchez; Victor Manuel Diaz-Bernier; Candelaria Alonso De La Florida-Villagran; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero; Julian Campos-Perez; Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro. 2020. "Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover." Nutrients 12, no. 7: 1912.
Polygenetic risk scores (pGRSs) consisting of adult body mass index (BMI) genetic variants have been widely associated with obesity in children populations. The implication of such obesity pGRSs in the development of cardio-metabolic alterations during childhood as well as their utility for the clinical prediction of pubertal obesity outcomes has been barely investigated otherwise. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of an adult BMI predisposing pGRS for the prediction and pharmacological management of obesity in Spanish children, further investigating its implication in the appearance of cardio-metabolic alterations. For that purpose, we counted on genetics data from three well-characterized children populations (composed of 574, 96 and 124 individuals), following both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, expanding childhood and puberty. As a result, we demonstrated that the pGRS is strongly associated with childhood BMI Z-Score (B = 1.56, SE = 0.27 and p-value = 1.90 × 10−8), and that could be used as a good predictor of obesity longitudinal trajectories during puberty. On the other hand, we showed that the pGRS is not associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities in children and that certain environmental factors interact with the genetic predisposition to the disease. Finally, according to the results derived from a weight-reduction metformin intervention in children with obesity, we discarded the utility of the pGRS as a pharmacogenetics marker of metformin response.
Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Esther María González Gil; Azahara I. Rupérez; Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero; Belén Pastor-Villaescusa; Jesús Alcalá-Fdez; Luis A. Moreno; Ángel Gil; Mercedes Gil-Campos; Gloria Bueno; Rosaura Leis; Concepción M. Aguilera. Evaluation of the Predictive Ability, Environmental Regulation and Pharmacogenetics Utility of a BMI-Predisposing Genetic Risk Score during Childhood and Puberty. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleAugusto Anguita-Ruiz, Esther María González Gil, Azahara I. Rupérez, Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Jesús Alcalá-Fdez, Luis A. Moreno, Ángel Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno, Rosaura Leis, Concepción M. Aguilera. Evaluation of the Predictive Ability, Environmental Regulation and Pharmacogenetics Utility of a BMI-Predisposing Genetic Risk Score during Childhood and Puberty. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugusto Anguita-Ruiz; Esther María González Gil; Azahara I. Rupérez; Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero; Belén Pastor-Villaescusa; Jesús Alcalá-Fdez; Luis A. Moreno; Ángel Gil; Mercedes Gil-Campos; Gloria Bueno; Rosaura Leis; Concepción M. Aguilera. 2020. "Evaluation of the Predictive Ability, Environmental Regulation and Pharmacogenetics Utility of a BMI-Predisposing Genetic Risk Score during Childhood and Puberty." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6: 1.
Sedentary habits during childhood are associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this work was to cluster lifestyle behaviors and metabolic biomarkers to establish different patterns in children. Their physical and sedentary activities were evaluated by accelerometry, and questionnaires that included lifestyle behaviors, such as adherence to a Mediterranean diet, anthropometry and blood biochemical markers. Cluster analysis was performed to establish different groups based on physical activity levels. A total of 489 children were finally selected. Cluster 1 included children with a mostly sedentary state, whereas Cluster 3 included the most active children and Cluster 2 included children that did not fit into either the sedentary or the highly active groups. In Cluster 3, 56% of children were in a sports club, and a lower percentage used electronic devices in their rooms compared to the other groups. Cluster 1 children exhibited higher insulin, HOMA-IR and triacylglycerides with respect to the other groups. No differences were found regarding adherence to a Mediterranean diet. The choice to practice an extracurricular sport could be an influencing factor to increase exercise and ensure an active lifestyle in children. Reducing or limiting screen time mainly in children’s rooms could contribute to an active lifestyle.
Rosaura Leis; Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Azahara Iris Rupérez; Juan Jose Bedoya-Carpente; Rocío Vázquez-Cobela; Concepción María Aguilera; Gloria Bueno; Mercedes Gil-Campos. Cluster Analysis of Physical Activity Patterns, and Relationship with Sedentary Behavior and Healthy Lifestyles in Prepubertal Children: Genobox Cohort. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1288 .
AMA StyleRosaura Leis, Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro, Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Azahara Iris Rupérez, Juan Jose Bedoya-Carpente, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Concepción María Aguilera, Gloria Bueno, Mercedes Gil-Campos. Cluster Analysis of Physical Activity Patterns, and Relationship with Sedentary Behavior and Healthy Lifestyles in Prepubertal Children: Genobox Cohort. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (5):1288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosaura Leis; Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Azahara Iris Rupérez; Juan Jose Bedoya-Carpente; Rocío Vázquez-Cobela; Concepción María Aguilera; Gloria Bueno; Mercedes Gil-Campos. 2020. "Cluster Analysis of Physical Activity Patterns, and Relationship with Sedentary Behavior and Healthy Lifestyles in Prepubertal Children: Genobox Cohort." Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1288.
Background and objectives: There is a lack of studies investigating associations of physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method with body composition and physical fitness in young children. Thus, we aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of PAL and AEE with body composition indices and physical fitness components in Swedish preschool children. Materials and methods: PAL was calculated as total energy expenditure measured using DLW divided by the predicted basal metabolic rate in 40 children aged 5.5 (standard deviation 0.2) years. AEE was calculated as total energy expenditure minus basal metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food, and divided by fat-free mass. Body composition was assessed using the 3-component model by combining measurements based on isotope dilution and air-displacement plethysmography. Physical fitness (muscular strength, motor fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness) was evaluated using the PREFIT test battery. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. Results: PAL and AEE were negatively associated with body mass index, percent body fat, and fat mass index (PAL: standardized β −0.35, −0.41, and −0.45, all p < 0.036; AEE: standardized β −0.44, −0.44, and −0.47, all p < 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, PAL and AEE were positively associated with the standing long jump test (PAL: standardized β 0.37, p = 0.017; AEE: standardized β 0.38, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant associations found regarding PAL or AEE with fat-free mass index or any other physical fitness test. Conclusions: Greater PAL and AEE at the age 5.5 were significantly associated with body fatness and improved lower-body muscular strength. Therefore, increasing physical activity, and thus energy expenditure, at young ages may be beneficial for preventing overweight/obesity. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.
Marja H. Leppänen; Pontus Henriksson; Hanna Henriksson; Christine Delisle Nyström; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero; Marie Löf. Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers. Medicina 2018, 55, 2 .
AMA StyleMarja H. Leppänen, Pontus Henriksson, Hanna Henriksson, Christine Delisle Nyström, Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero, Marie Löf. Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers. Medicina. 2018; 55 (1):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarja H. Leppänen; Pontus Henriksson; Hanna Henriksson; Christine Delisle Nyström; Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero; Marie Löf. 2018. "Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers." Medicina 55, no. 1: 2.