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Fengzhong Sun
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

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Journal article
Published: 24 November 2020 in Energies
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The measures to reduce the impact of evaporation loss in a natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower (NDWCT) have important implications for water conservation and emissions reduction. A mathematical model of evaporation loss in the NDWCT was established by using a modified Merkel method. The NDWCTs in the 300 MW and 600 MW power plant were taken as the research objects. Comparing experimental values with calculated values, the relative error was less than 3%. Then, the effect of air parameters on evaporation loss of NDWCT was analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of dry bulb temperature, the evaporation heat dissipation and the evaporation loss decreased, while the rate of evaporation loss caused by unit temperature difference increased. The ambient temperature increased by 1 °C and the evaporation loss was reduced by nearly 26.65 t/h. When the relative air humidity increased, the evaporation heat dissipation and evaporation loss decreased, and the rate of evaporation loss caused by unit temperature difference decreased. When relative air humidity increased by 1%, the outlet water temperature rose by about 0.08 °C, and the evaporation loss decreased by about 5.63 t/h.

ACS Style

Wei Yuan; Fengzhong Sun; Ruqing Liu; Xuehong Chen; Ying Li. The Effect of Air Parameters on the Evaporation Loss in a Natural Draft Counter-Flow Wet Cooling Tower. Energies 2020, 13, 6174 .

AMA Style

Wei Yuan, Fengzhong Sun, Ruqing Liu, Xuehong Chen, Ying Li. The Effect of Air Parameters on the Evaporation Loss in a Natural Draft Counter-Flow Wet Cooling Tower. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Yuan; Fengzhong Sun; Ruqing Liu; Xuehong Chen; Ying Li. 2020. "The Effect of Air Parameters on the Evaporation Loss in a Natural Draft Counter-Flow Wet Cooling Tower." Energies 13, no. 23: 6174.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Energies
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The central heating technology with thermal storage technology is an important means to realize thermoelectric decoupling, meet heating demand, reduce primary energy consumption, and protect the ecological environment. For this paper, the numerical simulation method was used to study the temperature variation of large-capacity hot water storage tank (HWST) in an actual combined heat and power system. The influence of various factors, including the length diameter ratio, water supply temperature, and water supply flow, as well as the orifice diameter and number of the water distributor, on the flow uniformity and performance of the HWST was investigated. The results show that the heat storage efficiency and flow uniformity of the HWST can be improved by properly increasing the water supply flow, the orifice diameter, and number of the water distributor. Increasing the length diameter ratio can improve the flow uniformity, but it will reduce the heat storage efficiency of the HWST. Increasing the water supply temperature can increase heat storage efficiency of the HWST and accelerate the stratification of cold and hot water in the tank. Besides, the comprehensive analysis of the non-dimensional exergy loss calculation results, velocity field, and temperature field show that there is a certain coupling relationship between the non-dimensional exergy loss and flow uniformity at the initial stage of heat storage. In practical application, the influence of these factors on flow uniformity, heat storage efficiency, and non-dimensional exergy loss should be comprehensively considered in order to achieve the best heat storage and release performance of the HWST. This paper provides some engineering guidance for the application of large-capacity heat storage tanks in the combined heat and power (CHP) system.

ACS Style

Ying Li; Fengzhong Sun; Qiannan Zhang; Xuehong Chen; Wei Yuan. Numerical Simulation Study on Structure Optimization and Performance Improvement of Hot Water Storage Tank in CHP System. Energies 2020, 13, 4734 .

AMA Style

Ying Li, Fengzhong Sun, Qiannan Zhang, Xuehong Chen, Wei Yuan. Numerical Simulation Study on Structure Optimization and Performance Improvement of Hot Water Storage Tank in CHP System. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4734.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ying Li; Fengzhong Sun; Qiannan Zhang; Xuehong Chen; Wei Yuan. 2020. "Numerical Simulation Study on Structure Optimization and Performance Improvement of Hot Water Storage Tank in CHP System." Energies 13, no. 18: 4734.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2020 in Energies
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The frozen phenomenon is unfavorable for the direct air-cooled condensers (DACCs) in a very cold area. The effect of crosswind on frozen phenomena in DACCs at the representative 2 × 350 MW thermal power units was investigated numerically. Results showed that when the crosswind velocity was 4 m·s−1, the number of frozen air-cooled units reached a maximum of six. The increase of vortex range in the air-cooled unit was one of the important reasons to restrain the formation of frozen phenomena at a crosswind velocity from 4 m·s−1 to 12 m·s−1. The frozen phenomena in the DACC disappeared when the crosswind velocity was 12 m·s−1. As the crosswind velocity continued to increase to 28 m·s−1, the frozen region mainly appeared at the position of column 1 row 4, where the airflow rate was the maximum and the inlet air temperature was the minimum among all air-cooled units. This phenomenon occurred because there existed a relatively high-pressure zone near the inlet of each frozen air-cooled unit. In addition, although the frozen area increased from one-third of the air-cooled unit surface to half with the crosswind velocity from 20 m·s−1 to 28 m·s−1, the flow characteristics and the size of vortices in the air-cooled unit were similar in the above two crosswind conditions. Therefore, the key influencing factor became the airflow rate and the inlet air temperature of the air-cooled units under strong crosswind conditions. This study has important guiding significance for the antifreezing design and operation of DACCs.

ACS Style

Wei Yuan; Fengzhong Sun; Yuanbin Zhao; Xuehong Chen; Ying Li; Xiaolei Lyu. Numerical Study on the Influence Mechanism of Crosswind on Frozen Phenomena in a Direct Air-Cooled System. Energies 2020, 13, 3831 .

AMA Style

Wei Yuan, Fengzhong Sun, Yuanbin Zhao, Xuehong Chen, Ying Li, Xiaolei Lyu. Numerical Study on the Influence Mechanism of Crosswind on Frozen Phenomena in a Direct Air-Cooled System. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):3831.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Yuan; Fengzhong Sun; Yuanbin Zhao; Xuehong Chen; Ying Li; Xiaolei Lyu. 2020. "Numerical Study on the Influence Mechanism of Crosswind on Frozen Phenomena in a Direct Air-Cooled System." Energies 13, no. 15: 3831.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Fuel
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The blockage of air preheater caused by ammonium bisulfate (ABS) associated with SCR denitration is serious, closely related to the adhesion of ABS and ash particles on the wall of the air preheater. This paper established an experimental platform to investigate the adhesion rate of ABS and ash particles on the mental wall, and the influences of the temperature, the particle size and the mass ratio of ABS to ash on adhesion rate were considered. To analyze the coupling mechanism of ABS and ash particles, the tests on micro characterization, pH/conductivity and BET were undertaken of the adhesive. The results show that liquid ABS is the root cause of ash particles sticking to the wall, and different condensation modes of ABS form different ash deposit layers. The strength of direct adhesion of ABS to the wall is greater than that of ABS and ash particle mixture, but the adhesion rate of the latter is significantly higher than the former. We found that the existence of ABS enhances agglomeration between particles and transforms the original morphology of ash particles. In addition, there exist physical adsorption and chemical reaction between ABS and ash particles, which change the adhesion rate of the mixture on the wall. The increase of temperature can promote the degree of physical adsorption and chemical reaction. Therefore, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of the adhesion mechanism of ash particles and ABS on the metal wall, providing guidance for the subsequent effective prevention and reduction of blockages in air preheaters.

ACS Style

Lu Yan; Fengzhong Sun; Peng Zheng. Research on adhesion mechanism of ash particles and ammonium bisulfate on the metal wall in coal-fired boilers. Fuel 2020, 277, 118021 .

AMA Style

Lu Yan, Fengzhong Sun, Peng Zheng. Research on adhesion mechanism of ash particles and ammonium bisulfate on the metal wall in coal-fired boilers. Fuel. 2020; 277 ():118021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lu Yan; Fengzhong Sun; Peng Zheng. 2020. "Research on adhesion mechanism of ash particles and ammonium bisulfate on the metal wall in coal-fired boilers." Fuel 277, no. : 118021.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2020 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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This study introduces the field measurement on a single air inlet induced draft cooling tower (SIDCT) under crosswind conditions. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed and validated to collaborate with the field measurement. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of environmental crosswind (both direction and velocity) on the thermal characteristics of SIDCT, such as air/water ratio, range, approach, Merkel number, heat transfer coefficient, etc. Measurement results demonstrate that as crosswind velocity rises, the ventilation and cooling performance of SIDCT are continuously enhanced under the crosswind directions of α1 and α2, while significantly decreased under α3. As air flows into SIDCT along the depth direction, the air temperature above drift eliminators decreases firstly and then increases, which follows a reverse trend to the distribution pattern of air velocity. With the increasing crosswind velocity, the water temperature drop increases in the rain zone under α1 and decreases in the fill zone under α3, while the cooling capacity decreases in the fill zone and increases in the rain zone, regardless of the crosswind direction. The fitted correlations are derived for predicting the performance parameters with respect to crosswind velocity and direction.

ACS Style

Xuehong Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Xin Li; Huadong Song; Peng Zheng; Xiaolei Lyu; Lu Yan. Field measurement on the three-dimensional thermal characteristics of a single air inlet induced draft cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering 2020, 172, 115167 .

AMA Style

Xuehong Chen, Fengzhong Sun, Xin Li, Huadong Song, Peng Zheng, Xiaolei Lyu, Lu Yan. Field measurement on the three-dimensional thermal characteristics of a single air inlet induced draft cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020; 172 ():115167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehong Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Xin Li; Huadong Song; Peng Zheng; Xiaolei Lyu; Lu Yan. 2020. "Field measurement on the three-dimensional thermal characteristics of a single air inlet induced draft cooling tower." Applied Thermal Engineering 172, no. : 115167.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2020 in Energies
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Recovering flue gas waste heat is beneficial to improving the unit efficiency in power plants. To obtain the change rules of performance parameters of a flue gas waste heat cascade recovery system (FWCRS) under variable working conditions, an experiment bench was designed and built. The variation laws of the inlet temperature and exhaust flue gas temperature of a low temperature economizer (LTE), the inlet and outlet air temperature of an air preheater (AP), the heat exchange quantities of the AP, LTE, and front-located air heater and an additional economizer (AE), as well as the waste heat recovery efficiency, the system exergy efficiency, and the energy grade replacement coefficient were obtained as the flue gas flow, flue gas temperature, bypass flue gas ratio, air temperature, and circulating water flow in AE changed. Using an orthogonal test, the flue gas temperature, bypass flue gas ratio and air temperature were proved to be the significant factors affecting the performance parameters of FWCRS, and the bypass flue gas ratio was suggested as an adjusting parameter of FWCRS under variable working conditions.

ACS Style

Jiayou Liu; Xiaoyun Gong; Wenhua Zhang; Fengzhong Sun; Qingbiao Wang. Experimental Study on a Flue Gas Waste Heat Cascade Recovery System under Variable Working Conditions. Energies 2020, 13, 324 .

AMA Style

Jiayou Liu, Xiaoyun Gong, Wenhua Zhang, Fengzhong Sun, Qingbiao Wang. Experimental Study on a Flue Gas Waste Heat Cascade Recovery System under Variable Working Conditions. Energies. 2020; 13 (2):324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiayou Liu; Xiaoyun Gong; Wenhua Zhang; Fengzhong Sun; Qingbiao Wang. 2020. "Experimental Study on a Flue Gas Waste Heat Cascade Recovery System under Variable Working Conditions." Energies 13, no. 2: 324.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Fuel
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Comparative field experiments of typical low-temperature fouling layers are carried out in pulverized coal furnace (PCF) and circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB). The reduction of heat transfer characteristics of test pipe is determined by the transformation of fouling layer, caused by the quantity of condensed acid solution exceeding the adsorption capacity of deposited ash particles. Based on the heat transfer performance of fouling layer covering the test pipe, as well as the appearance characteristics and degree of adhesion to the heating surface, three typical fouling layers are collected, i.e. dry loose ash deposits (85 °C), adhering ash deposits (65 °C) and viscous ash deposits (45 °C). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to analyze the formation mechanisms of three typical fouling layers. The characteristic fouling layer is determined by the reaction degree of condensed acid solution and ash particles deposited on the heating surface. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of unsaturated acid-ash action fouling layer, supersaturated acid-ash action fouling layer and mixed acid-ash action fouling layer are proposed, providing useful guidance for the safe and efficient operation of heat exchange equipment in coal-fired boilers.

ACS Style

Wei Wei; Shen Cheng; Fengzhong Sun. Research on formation mechanism of typical low-temperature fouling layers in coal-fired boilers. Fuel 2019, 261, 116215 .

AMA Style

Wei Wei, Shen Cheng, Fengzhong Sun. Research on formation mechanism of typical low-temperature fouling layers in coal-fired boilers. Fuel. 2019; 261 ():116215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Wei; Shen Cheng; Fengzhong Sun. 2019. "Research on formation mechanism of typical low-temperature fouling layers in coal-fired boilers." Fuel 261, no. : 116215.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2019 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The chip mufflers are widely installed around the natural draft wet cooling towers (NDWCTs) to lessen the noise, which significantly influence the tower inflow air field. To study the impact and mechanism of the chip muffler on the tower performance, a three dimensional numerical model for a wet cooling tower with different layouts of chip muffler is established. The ventilation rate G and the average exit water temperature ta2 of tower are computed to analyze the tower performance. Results indicate that the chip muffler around half the tower weakens the tower cooling efficiency. The specific effect of the chip muffler on the performance is as follows. With the increase of the distance between the chip muffler units B and the distance between the chip muffler and cooling tower L, the G increases while the ta2 decreases. On the contrary, with the increase of the installation angle of the chip muffler θ, the G decreases while the ta2 increases. Thus, the chip muffler with a θ of 0°, a B of 150 mm, and a L of 5 m can lead to a optimum tower performance. This paper can lay the foundation for the optimization of the chip muffler research.

ACS Style

Xin Li; Fengzhong Sun; Xuehong Chen; Chuanfei Liu. Impact mechanism of the chip muffler layout patterns on the cooling performance of wet cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering 2019, 161, 114058 .

AMA Style

Xin Li, Fengzhong Sun, Xuehong Chen, Chuanfei Liu. Impact mechanism of the chip muffler layout patterns on the cooling performance of wet cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019; 161 ():114058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Li; Fengzhong Sun; Xuehong Chen; Chuanfei Liu. 2019. "Impact mechanism of the chip muffler layout patterns on the cooling performance of wet cooling towers." Applied Thermal Engineering 161, no. : 114058.

Research article
Published: 12 March 2019 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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To predict the slurry temperature in wet flue gas desulfurization system, a theoretical model was put forward and the calculation method was set up, the correlation between the parameters of inlet flue gas and the slurry temperature was first found. Based on the predicted slurry temperature, a 1-D coupled model of droplets motion, heat and mass transfer and pressureloss of liquid-gas two phases was established, and the numerical solutions were acquired by Runge-Kutta method, meanwhile, field tests were made to validate its reliability. Additionally, the distribution characteristics of droplet velocity, temperature and relative humidity of flue gas, and pressure loss over the height of spraying zone were discussed. The effect of drop diameter and other factors on the performance of spraying process were analyzed. The results show that the slurry temperature and pressure loss agree well with the operation values with errors of less than 5% and 7%. Outlet flue gas is near saturation state under discussed range of parameters. The drop diameter is the main factor that affects the performance of wet flue gas desulfurization system.

ACS Style

Baokui Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Ming Gao; Yuetao Shi. A 1-D model of spraying performance for wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber based on predicted slurry temperature. Applied Thermal Engineering 2019, 155, 259 -266.

AMA Style

Baokui Chen, Fengzhong Sun, Ming Gao, Yuetao Shi. A 1-D model of spraying performance for wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber based on predicted slurry temperature. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019; 155 ():259-266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baokui Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Ming Gao; Yuetao Shi. 2019. "A 1-D model of spraying performance for wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber based on predicted slurry temperature." Applied Thermal Engineering 155, no. : 259-266.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2019 in Energies
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Controlling the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of coal–fired boilers at a reasonable value is beneficial to ensuring unit efficiency and preventing acid corrosion and fouling of tail heating surfaces in power plants. To obtain the operation regulation of coupled high–low energy flue gas waste heat recovery system (CWHRS) under a given EGT, experimental equipment was designed and built. Experiments were carried out to maintain the exhaust gas temperature under different flue gas flow, flue gas temperature and air temperature conditions. As the flue gas flows, the flue gas temperatures and air temperatures increased, and the bypass flue gas flow proportions or the water flows of the additional economizer were increased to maintain the EGT at about 85 °C. An improved low temperature economizer (LTE) and front located air heater (FAH) system were put forward. As the flow of the crossover pipe increased, the EGT and the inlet water temperature of the LTE increased. As the flow of the circulating loop increased, the EGT and the inlet water temperature of the LTE decreased. Operation regulations of LTE–FAH system under four cases were given. The operation regulations of CWHRS and LTE–FAH system can provide references for power plant operation.

ACS Style

Jiayou Liu; Fengzhong Sun. Experimental Study on Operation Regulation of a Coupled High–Low Energy Flue Gas Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Exhaust Gas Temperature Control. Energies 2019, 12, 706 .

AMA Style

Jiayou Liu, Fengzhong Sun. Experimental Study on Operation Regulation of a Coupled High–Low Energy Flue Gas Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Exhaust Gas Temperature Control. Energies. 2019; 12 (4):706.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiayou Liu; Fengzhong Sun. 2019. "Experimental Study on Operation Regulation of a Coupled High–Low Energy Flue Gas Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Exhaust Gas Temperature Control." Energies 12, no. 4: 706.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2019 in Energies
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Coupled high-low energy grade flus gas waste heat recovery systems (CWHRS) have been applied in power plants to improve unit efficiency. In this study, to evaluate the rationality of waste heat recovery, the energy-grade balance coefficient (EBC) of the CWHRS was derived using the theory of heat balance, exergy balance and energy grade balance. The inlet flue gas temperature (IFT) of the low-temperature economizer was defined as the node temperature of the CWHRS. The optimal node temperature (ONT) was optimal when the absolute value of the EBC was the smallest. The exergy efficiency and EBC of the system installed on a supercritical 600 MW unit were calculated and the result shows that the ONT of the system was about 115 °C, the ONT decreased from about 135 °C to about 113 °C when the IFT increased from 335 °C to 380 °C and the ONT decreased from about 144 °C to about 113 °C when the inlet air temperature increased from −10 °C to 35 °C. The node temperature is recommended as an adjusting parameter of CWHRS to ensure the effect of waste heat recovery.

ACS Style

Jiayou Liu; Fengzhong Sun. Node Temperature of the Coupled High-Low Energy Grade Flus Gas Waste Heat Recovery System. Energies 2019, 12, 248 .

AMA Style

Jiayou Liu, Fengzhong Sun. Node Temperature of the Coupled High-Low Energy Grade Flus Gas Waste Heat Recovery System. Energies. 2019; 12 (2):248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiayou Liu; Fengzhong Sun. 2019. "Node Temperature of the Coupled High-Low Energy Grade Flus Gas Waste Heat Recovery System." Energies 12, no. 2: 248.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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The heat transfer deterioration that occurs in the inner rain zone weakens the thermal performance of natural draft wet cooling towers (NDWCTs). Existing NDWCT retrofit methods including the air deflectors and the cross wall have limited effects on this deterioration. In this paper, we propose a new retrofit method in which air ducts are installed in the rain zone and air deflectors are installed around the air inlet to improve the total tower thermal performance. To clarify the effect and mechanism of our retrofit method, a hot test for a NDWCT model is performed under various crosswind velocities, and a 3D numerical model for a NDWCT with air deflectors and air ducts is established and validated. Using the proposed method, the thermal performance of a NDWCT is substantially improved with less crosswind sensitivity. It is found that the flow diversion efficiency of the air deflectors weakens the adverse impact of the ambient crosswind on air inflow of the tower, and the additional ambient air introduced through the air ducts enhances the heat transfer in the central rain zone. Compared with the single effect of the air deflectors or the cross wall, the combined effect of the air ducts and air deflectors is more efficient in improving the thermal performance of NDWCTs.

ACS Style

Xuehong Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Youliang Chen; Ming Gao. New retrofit method to improve the thermal performance of natural draft wet cooling towers based on the reconstruction of the aerodynamic field. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2018, 132, 671 -680.

AMA Style

Xuehong Chen, Fengzhong Sun, Youliang Chen, Ming Gao. New retrofit method to improve the thermal performance of natural draft wet cooling towers based on the reconstruction of the aerodynamic field. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2018; 132 ():671-680.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehong Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Youliang Chen; Ming Gao. 2018. "New retrofit method to improve the thermal performance of natural draft wet cooling towers based on the reconstruction of the aerodynamic field." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 132, no. : 671-680.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2018 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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A novel method for improving the cooling performance of natural draft wet cooling towers (NDWCTs) by installing air ducts in the rain zone was proposed for the first time. To study the effect of air ducts on NDWCTs and the associated mechanism, a 3D numerical model was established. The accuracy and credibility of the NDWCT model were validated. Based on the numerical model, the air temperature uniformity coefficient Cu,θ and the airflow rate G of the tower were computed to evaluate the effect of air ducts on tower aerodynamic field. The tower outlet water temperature t2 was assessed to clarify the effect of air ducts on tower cooling performance. This study found that air ducts improved both the aerodynamic field and the cooling performance of the NDWCT and that the improvement is quite dependent on the crosswind velocity. The optimal effect of air ducts achieved under windless conditions. To determine the effect mechanism of the air ducts, the distributions of air velocity, air-water ratio, air temperature, and water temperature on some representative sections of the tower were analyzed under both windless and crosswind conditions.

ACS Style

Xuehong Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Youliang Chen; Ming Gao. Novel method for improving the cooling performance of natural draft wet cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 147, 562 -570.

AMA Style

Xuehong Chen, Fengzhong Sun, Youliang Chen, Ming Gao. Novel method for improving the cooling performance of natural draft wet cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 147 ():562-570.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehong Chen; Fengzhong Sun; Youliang Chen; Ming Gao. 2018. "Novel method for improving the cooling performance of natural draft wet cooling towers." Applied Thermal Engineering 147, no. : 562-570.

Review article
Published: 17 September 2018 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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To overall control the wall temperature of rotary quad-sectional air preheater and ensure the safety of boiler units, it is important to research its three-dimensional temperature field. Computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) is used to simulate the heat transfer performance of a 300 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The temperature of rotor heating surface is defined as user-defined scalar (UDS) to solve scalar equation. Numerical results which are validated by experimental data present the essential parameters such as three-dimensional temperature, heat flux and heat transfer distribution of both working fluid and heating surface. The temperature difference between working fluid and heating surface, heat transfer quantity per unit volume are also obtained. Numerical results show that the different materials and types of heating surface will cause the differences in heat transfer performance between cold end and hot end. The temperature of working fluid are different between cold end and hot end, resulting in volume flow changing to make the scouring velocity different. That is the structural reason for the distinctions in heat transfer performance. It is concluded that low-temperature corrosion mainly occurs in the heating surface at the inlet of hot end in flue gas channel, where the metal temperature need to be kept above acid dew point so as to retard the low-temperature corrosion.

ACS Style

Qiannan Zhang; Fengzhong Sun; Changxian Chen. Research on the three-dimensional wall temperature distribution and low-temperature corrosion of quad-sectional air preheater in larger power plant boilers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2018, 128, 739 -747.

AMA Style

Qiannan Zhang, Fengzhong Sun, Changxian Chen. Research on the three-dimensional wall temperature distribution and low-temperature corrosion of quad-sectional air preheater in larger power plant boilers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2018; 128 ():739-747.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiannan Zhang; Fengzhong Sun; Changxian Chen. 2018. "Research on the three-dimensional wall temperature distribution and low-temperature corrosion of quad-sectional air preheater in larger power plant boilers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 128, no. : 739-747.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2018 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The 1-D model of thermodynamic iterative calculation is put forward for the prediction of acid condensation considering the complexity of flue gas. The radius of fine ash particles is dominant for condensation rate around fine ash particles at ADP; flue gas components for ADP, critical radius, and condensation rates, especially acid vapor content of flue gas. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to analyze the ash samples collected during the field experiment of a 300 MW sub-critical coal fired boiler unit, i.e. fly ash deposits (>130°C), dry loose ash deposits (85°C) and viscous ash deposits (65°C). The results show that S distribution is connected with the distributions of superfine particles and fine particles, especially superfine particles, which are dissolved in viscous ash samples. According to the experimental results and acid condensation analyses, the presence of fine ash particles (dash

ACS Style

Wei Wei; Fengzhong Sun; Lei Ma. Effect of fine ash particles on formation mechanism of fouling covering heat exchangers in coal-fired power plants. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 142, 269 -277.

AMA Style

Wei Wei, Fengzhong Sun, Lei Ma. Effect of fine ash particles on formation mechanism of fouling covering heat exchangers in coal-fired power plants. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 142 ():269-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Wei; Fengzhong Sun; Lei Ma. 2018. "Effect of fine ash particles on formation mechanism of fouling covering heat exchangers in coal-fired power plants." Applied Thermal Engineering 142, no. : 269-277.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2017 in Energies
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A thermal-state model experimental study was performed in lab to investigate the thermal performance of a wet cooling tower with different kinds of filling layout patterns under windless and 0.4 m/s crosswind conditions. In this paper, the contrast analysis was focused on comparing a uniform layout pattern and one kind of optimal non-uniform layout pattern when the environmental crosswind speed is 0 m/s and 0.4 m/s. The experimental results proved that under windless conditions, the heat transfer coefficient and total heat rejection of circulating water for the optimal non-uniform layout pattern can enhance by approximately 40% and 28%, respectively, compared with the uniform layout pattern. It was also discovered that the optimal non-uniform pattern can dramatically relieve the influence of crosswind on the thermal performance of the tower when the crosswind speed is equal to 0.4 m/s. For the uniform layout pattern, the heat transfer coefficient under 0.4 m/s crosswind conditions decreased by 9.5% compared with the windless conditions, while that value lowered only by 2.0% for the optimal non-uniform layout pattern. It has been demonstrated that the optimal non-uniform layout pattern has the better thermal performance under 0.4 m/s crosswind condition.

ACS Style

Ming Gao; Chang Guo; Chaoqun Ma; Yuetao Shi; Fengzhong Sun. Thermal Performance for Wet Cooling Tower with Different Layout Patterns of Fillings under Typical Crosswind Conditions. Energies 2017, 10, 65 .

AMA Style

Ming Gao, Chang Guo, Chaoqun Ma, Yuetao Shi, Fengzhong Sun. Thermal Performance for Wet Cooling Tower with Different Layout Patterns of Fillings under Typical Crosswind Conditions. Energies. 2017; 10 (1):65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming Gao; Chang Guo; Chaoqun Ma; Yuetao Shi; Fengzhong Sun. 2017. "Thermal Performance for Wet Cooling Tower with Different Layout Patterns of Fillings under Typical Crosswind Conditions." Energies 10, no. 1: 65.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2010 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The thermal performance of a natural-draft wet cooling tower model with inlet airflow guiding channels under crosswinds conditions was monitored and experimented. Three patterns of the air guiding channels with different setting angles (including 60°, 70° and 80°) were tested under various crosswinds velocities. The results show that the air flow rate and the cooling efficiency increase remarkably after the inlet air is directed. On the basis of testing data, some thermal performance parameters including the Lewis factor, the heat and mass transfer coefficient were also calculated and analysed. The results indicate that the Lewis factor ranges from 0.95 to 1.15, which is in accordance with the data of other literatures. Besides, it is found that the optimum setting angle for the air guiding channels is 70°, and it does not change with the channel quantity which ranges from 18 to 88. However, it should be noticed that although the guiding channels with 70° setting angle lead to better cooling performance, they may cause more circulating water consumption.

ACS Style

Kai Wang; Feng-Zhong Sun; Yuan-Bin Zhao; Ming Gao; Lei Ruan. Experimental research of the guiding channels effect on the thermal performance of wet cooling towers subjected to crosswinds – Air guiding effect on cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering 2010, 30, 533 -538.

AMA Style

Kai Wang, Feng-Zhong Sun, Yuan-Bin Zhao, Ming Gao, Lei Ruan. Experimental research of the guiding channels effect on the thermal performance of wet cooling towers subjected to crosswinds – Air guiding effect on cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2010; 30 (5):533-538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kai Wang; Feng-Zhong Sun; Yuan-Bin Zhao; Ming Gao; Lei Ruan. 2010. "Experimental research of the guiding channels effect on the thermal performance of wet cooling towers subjected to crosswinds – Air guiding effect on cooling tower." Applied Thermal Engineering 30, no. 5: 533-538.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2007 in Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment
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The experiment in terms of heat transfer performance of natural draft counter-flow wet cooling Tower (NDCWCT) is done for cases with cross-wind conditions. The variation of circulating-water temperature difference (Δt) and cooling coefficient of efficiency (η) with cross-wind velocity, circulating water inlet temperature and flow rate, are shown under cross-wind conditions, compared with cases without wind. According to experimental results, it is found that Δtand η are influenced by the cross-wind, Δt and η can decrease mostly by 9.2% and 9.6%, respectively. When the critical Fr l number is less than 0.153, Δtand η decrease with increasing cross-wind velocity, however, when it is greater than 0.153, Δt and η increase with increasing cross-wind velocity.

ACS Style

Ming Gao; F. Z. H. Sun; Y. T. Shi; Kai Wang; Y. B. Zhao. Research on the Effect of Cross-wind to Temperature Difference and Efficiency of Natural Draft Counter flow Wet Cooling Tower. Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment 2007, 513 -517.

AMA Style

Ming Gao, F. Z. H. Sun, Y. T. Shi, Kai Wang, Y. B. Zhao. Research on the Effect of Cross-wind to Temperature Difference and Efficiency of Natural Draft Counter flow Wet Cooling Tower. Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment. 2007; ():513-517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming Gao; F. Z. H. Sun; Y. T. Shi; Kai Wang; Y. B. Zhao. 2007. "Research on the Effect of Cross-wind to Temperature Difference and Efficiency of Natural Draft Counter flow Wet Cooling Tower." Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment , no. : 513-517.