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Zengxin Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulics Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

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Prof. Zhang has published over one hundred research papers, including Journal of Hydrology, Scienct of the Total Environment, Remote Sensing et al.

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Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Forests
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Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Chinese fir) is one of the main timber species in Southern China, which has a wide planting range that accounts for 25% of the overall afforested area. Moreover, it plays a critical role in soil and water conservation; however, its suitability is subject to climate change. For this study, the appropriate distribution area of C. lanceolata was analyzed using the MaxEnt model based on CMIP6 data, spanning 2041–2060. The results revealed that (1) the minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), and the mean diurnal range (bio2) were the most important environmental variables that affected the distribution of C. lanceolata; (2) the currently suitable areas of C. lanceolata were primarily distributed along the southern coastal areas of China, of which 55% were moderately so, while only 18% were highly suitable; (3) the projected suitable area of C. lanceolata would likely expand based on the BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, and MRI-ESM2-0 under different SSPs spanning 2041–2060. The increased area estimated for the future ranged from 0.18 to 0.29 million km2, where the total suitable area of C. lanceolata attained a maximum value of 2.50 million km2 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario, with a lowest value of 2.39 million km2 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario; (4) in combination with land use and farmland protection policies of China, it is estimated that more than 60% of suitable land area could be utilized for C. lanceolata planting from 2041–2060 under different SSP scenarios. Although climate change is having an increasing influence on species distribution, the deleterious impacts of anthropogenic activities cannot be ignored. In the future, further attention should be paid to the investigation of species distribution under the combined impacts of climate change and human activities.

ACS Style

Yichen Zhou; Zengxin Zhang; Bin Zhu; Xuefei Cheng; Liu Yang; Mingkun Gao; Rui Kong. MaxEnt Modeling Based on CMIP6 Models to Project Potential Suitable Zones for Cunninghamia lanceolata in China. Forests 2021, 12, 752 .

AMA Style

Yichen Zhou, Zengxin Zhang, Bin Zhu, Xuefei Cheng, Liu Yang, Mingkun Gao, Rui Kong. MaxEnt Modeling Based on CMIP6 Models to Project Potential Suitable Zones for Cunninghamia lanceolata in China. Forests. 2021; 12 (6):752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yichen Zhou; Zengxin Zhang; Bin Zhu; Xuefei Cheng; Liu Yang; Mingkun Gao; Rui Kong. 2021. "MaxEnt Modeling Based on CMIP6 Models to Project Potential Suitable Zones for Cunninghamia lanceolata in China." Forests 12, no. 6: 752.

Original paper
Published: 31 March 2021 in Theoretical and Applied Climatology
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Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important link between carbon and water cycles, which is critical for the forests under future global climatic changes. WUENDVI was calculated by accumulated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) and could reflect the impacts of climatic changes and human activities on WUE. The three forestry regions of China are the northeast, southwest, and southeast areas. Among them, the northeast forest region is a natural forest region with forest stock accounting for more than 1/4 of China, and the southwest mountainous forest region is another natural forest region in China, with forest stock accounting for more than 1/3 of China, while the southeast forest area is mainly plantations. In 2018, the forest areas over three forestry regions of China were around 1,725,988 km2. This paper evaluated the changes in forest WUE and their relationships with climatic change and human activities over three forestry regions of China during 1961–2019. The main findings of this study were summarized as follows: (1) the spatial changes of WUE were gentle in the artificial forest region but fluctuant sharply in the natural forest regions. In the southwest forest region, the WUE increased with elevation, while it showed the opposite trends in the artificial forest region. Overall, the annual mean forest WUE increased in almost all regions of the study areas during 1961-2019; (2) in the northeast and southeast forest regions, the WUE presented a negative relationship with the temperature. In the southwest forest region, the WUE was positively correlated with the temperature and its increase rate slowed down significantly when the temperature increases by more than 1 °C. The WUE was negatively correlated with precipitation in the three regions and was more sensitive to the decrease of precipitation. The sensitivity of WUE to precipitation reduction was highest in the artificial forest region and lowest in the northeast forest region; (3) the forest WUE and WUENDVI were lowest in the artificial forest region but highest in the northeast forest region, while the net increase in forests area during 1980–2018 was largest in the artificial forest region (155,975 km2) but lowest in the northeast forest region (78,766 km2). In general, human activities had the greatest impact on the forest WUE in the northeast forest region. Human activities and climatic change had quite complex and interactive effects on forest WUE. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the joint influences of climate change and human activities on WUE.

ACS Style

Jiaxi Tian; Zengxin Zhang; Rui Kong; Bin Zhu; Fengying Zhang; Shanshan Jiang; Xi Chen. Changes in water use efficiency and their relations to climate change and human activities in three forestry regions of China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2021, 144, 1297 -1310.

AMA Style

Jiaxi Tian, Zengxin Zhang, Rui Kong, Bin Zhu, Fengying Zhang, Shanshan Jiang, Xi Chen. Changes in water use efficiency and their relations to climate change and human activities in three forestry regions of China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2021; 144 (3-4):1297-1310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaxi Tian; Zengxin Zhang; Rui Kong; Bin Zhu; Fengying Zhang; Shanshan Jiang; Xi Chen. 2021. "Changes in water use efficiency and their relations to climate change and human activities in three forestry regions of China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 144, no. 3-4: 1297-1310.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2020 in Water
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Although the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) has come to an end, the evaluation of TRMM satellite precipitation is still of great significance for the improvement of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). In this paper, the hydrological utility of TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 RTV7/V7 precipitation products was evaluated using the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model in the upper Yangtze River basin. The main results show that (1) TMPA 3B42V7 had a reliable performance in precipitation estimation compared with the gauged precipitation on both spatial and temporal scales over the upper Yangtze River basin. Although TMPA 3B42V7 slightly underestimated precipitation, TMPA 3B42RTV7 significantly overestimated precipitation at daily and monthly time scales; (2) the simulated runoff by the VIC hydrological model showed a high correlation with the gauged runoff and lower bias at daily and monthly time scales. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSCE) value was as high as 0.85, the relative bias (RB) was −6.36% and the correlation coefficient (CC) was 0.93 at the daily scale; (3) the accuracy of the 3B42RTV7-driven runoff simulation had been greatly improved by using the hydrological calibration parameters obtained from 3B42RTV7 compared with that of gauged precipitation. A lower RB (14.38% vs. 66.58%) and a higher CC (0.87 vs. 0.85) and NSCE (0.71 vs. −0.92) can be found at daily time scales when we use satellite data instead of gauged precipitation data to calibrate the VIC model. However, the performance of the 3B42V7-driven runoff simulation did not improve in the same operation accordingly. The cause might be that the 3B42V7 satellite products have been adjusted by gauged precipitation. This study suggests that it might be better to calibrate the parameters using satellite data in hydrological simulations, especially for unadjusted satellite data. This study is not only helpful for understanding the assessment of multi-satellite precipitation products in large-scale and complex areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but also can provide a reference for the hydrological utility of the satellite precipitation products in other river basins of the world.

ACS Style

Bin Zhu; Yuhan Huang; Zengxin Zhang; Rui Kong; Jiaxi Tian; Yichen Zhou; Sheng Chen; Zheng Duan. Evaluation of TMPA Satellite Precipitation in Driving VIC Hydrological Model over the Upper Yangtze River Basin. Water 2020, 12, 3230 .

AMA Style

Bin Zhu, Yuhan Huang, Zengxin Zhang, Rui Kong, Jiaxi Tian, Yichen Zhou, Sheng Chen, Zheng Duan. Evaluation of TMPA Satellite Precipitation in Driving VIC Hydrological Model over the Upper Yangtze River Basin. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bin Zhu; Yuhan Huang; Zengxin Zhang; Rui Kong; Jiaxi Tian; Yichen Zhou; Sheng Chen; Zheng Duan. 2020. "Evaluation of TMPA Satellite Precipitation in Driving VIC Hydrological Model over the Upper Yangtze River Basin." Water 12, no. 11: 3230.

Article
Published: 25 July 2020 in Journal of Mountain Science
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Understanding of the vegetation dynamics is essential for addressing the potential threats of terrestrial ecosystem. In recent years, the vegetation coverage of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has increased significantly, yet the spatio-temporal variations and potential driving meteorological factors of carbon use efficiency (CUE) under the context of global warming are still not clear. In this study, MODIS-based public-domain data during 2000–2015 was used to analyze these aspects in the YRB, a large river basin with powerful ecological functions in China. Spatio-temporal variations of CUE in different sub-basins and land cover types were investigated and the correlations with potential driving meteorological factors were examined. Results revealed that CUE in the YRB had strong spatiotemporal variability and varied remarkably in different land cover types. For the whole YRB, the average CUE of vegetated land was 0.519, while the long-term change trend of CUE was obscure. Along the rising altitude, CUE generally showed an increasing trend until the altitude of 3900 m and then followed by a decreasing trend. CUE of grasslands was generally higher than that of croplands, and then forest lands. The inter-annual variation of CUE in the YRB is likely to be driven by precipitation as a strong positive partial correlation between the inter-annual variability of CUE and precipitation was observed in most of sub-basins and land cover types in the YRB. The influence of temperature and relative humidity is also outstanding in certain regions and land cover types. Our findings are useful from the view point of carbon cycle and reasonable land cover management under the context of global warming.

ACS Style

Xu-Chun Ye; Fu-Hong Liu; Zeng-Xin Zhang; Chong-Yu Xu; Jia Liu. Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation carbon use efficiency and potential driving meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Basin. Journal of Mountain Science 2020, 17, 1959 -1973.

AMA Style

Xu-Chun Ye, Fu-Hong Liu, Zeng-Xin Zhang, Chong-Yu Xu, Jia Liu. Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation carbon use efficiency and potential driving meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Basin. Journal of Mountain Science. 2020; 17 (8):1959-1973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu-Chun Ye; Fu-Hong Liu; Zeng-Xin Zhang; Chong-Yu Xu; Jia Liu. 2020. "Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation carbon use efficiency and potential driving meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Basin." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 8: 1959-1973.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Sustainability
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The shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) were designed to project future socioeconomic developments as they might unfold in the absence of explicit additional policies and measures to limit climate forcing or to enhance adaptive capacity. Based on the sixth national population census and the third economic census data of China in 2010, this paper projects the population and economic conditions of the Yangtze River basin from 2010 to 2100 under the SSPs. The results showed that: (1) the population growth rate in most areas of the Yangtze River basin will decrease from 2021 to 2100. The population of the eastern Sichuan Province will decrease obviously, while it will increase obviously in Shanghai during this period. The population of the Yangtze River basin will decline from 2010 to 2100 under the SSPs except for SSP3; (2) The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in most regions will increase by more than CNY 30 billion (Chinese Yuan) compared with 2010 and the total GDP will continue to rise after 2020; (3) The population of the three major urban agglomerations will decrease from 2020 to 2100. However, the GDP of the three major urban agglomerations will increase year by year, among which the YRDUA (Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration) has obvious economic advantages. The GDP growth rate will maintain above 6% in 2020 under different SSPs, and then the growth rate will slow down or stall, even with negative growth in SSP1 and SSP4; (4) The GDP Per of the Yangtze River basin shows growth under different SSPs and it will maintain a growth rate of 6–9% until 2020. While the average annual growth rate of the SSP5 will be about 2.56% at the end of the 21st century, and it will remain at about 1% under other scenarios. This paper provides a scientific basis for the study of future population and socioeconomic changes and climate predictions for quantifying disaster risks.

ACS Style

Min Zhu; Zengxin Zhang; Bin Zhu; Rui Kong; Fengying Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Tong Jiang. Population and Economic Projections in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4202 .

AMA Style

Min Zhu, Zengxin Zhang, Bin Zhu, Rui Kong, Fengying Zhang, Jiaxi Tian, Tong Jiang. Population and Economic Projections in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Zhu; Zengxin Zhang; Bin Zhu; Rui Kong; Fengying Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Tong Jiang. 2020. "Population and Economic Projections in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4202.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2019 in Water
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Extreme hydrometeorological events have far-reaching impacts on our daily life and may occur more frequently with rising global temperatures. The probability of the concurrence of these extreme events in the upper reaches of the river network is of particular importance for the lower reaches, which is referred to as the encounter probability of extreme events, and may have even stronger socio-economic impacts. In this study, the Rao River basin in China is selected as an example to explore the encounter probability and risk of future flood and drought based on the encounter probability model. The reference period was 1971–2000, and the future prediction periods were 2020–2049 and 2070–2099. The calibrated and validated statistical downscaling model (SDSM) was used to generate future daily precipitation and daily mean temperature. The calibrated and validated Xin’anjiang model was used to predict future daily mean streamflow in the basin. In addition, the encounter probability model was established using the joint distribution of occurrence dates and magnitudes of daily mean streamflow to investigate the encounter probabilities of flood and drought under future climate change. Results show that, for flood occurrence dates, the encounter probability during the flood season would decrease in the two future periods while the dates would generally be earlier. For flood magnitudes, the encounter probability of the two tributaries’ floods and the probability of flood at each tributary would decrease (e.g., the encounter probability with the same-frequency of 100-years would reduce by 53% to 95%), which indicates reduced risk of future major floods in the study area. For drought occurrence dates, the encounter probability during the non-flood season would decrease. For drought magnitudes, the encounter probability would decrease (e.g., the encounter probability with the same-frequency of 100-years would reduce by 18% to 33%), even though the probability of future drought at each tributary would increase. Such analyses provide important probabilistic information to help us prepare for the upcoming extreme events.

ACS Style

Mengyang Liu; Yixing Yin; Xieyao Ma; Zengxin Zhang; Guojie Wang; Shenmin Wang; Wang. Encounter Probability and Risk of Flood and Drought under Future Climate Change in the Two Tributaries of the Rao River Basin, China. Water 2019, 12, 104 .

AMA Style

Mengyang Liu, Yixing Yin, Xieyao Ma, Zengxin Zhang, Guojie Wang, Shenmin Wang, Wang. Encounter Probability and Risk of Flood and Drought under Future Climate Change in the Two Tributaries of the Rao River Basin, China. Water. 2019; 12 (1):104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengyang Liu; Yixing Yin; Xieyao Ma; Zengxin Zhang; Guojie Wang; Shenmin Wang; Wang. 2019. "Encounter Probability and Risk of Flood and Drought under Future Climate Change in the Two Tributaries of the Rao River Basin, China." Water 12, no. 1: 104.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Forest carbon stocks has an important role in the global carbon budget. Based on the satellite-observed and LPJ model simulated aboveground biomass carbon (ABC) data, the spatial and temporal changes of subtropical forest carbon storage in the Yangtze River basin and its relations to the climate variation and human activities were analyzed by using the methods of cumulative curve analysis and climate sensitivity analysis during 1993–2012. The results revealed that: (1) In general, the forest ABC increased obviously in the Yangtze River basin during the past 20 years, and the ABC rose from 2563.91 Tg C in 1993 to 2893.17 Tg C in 2012, with a growth rate of 12.84%. The higher ABC distribution was mainly concentrated in the Jialing River basin and Hanjiang River basin and the significantly increasing trends could be found in most area of the Yangtze River basin; (2) The forest ABC was sensitive to the changes of temperature and precipitation. When the temperature increases by 1 °C, the ABC in the Yangtze River basin will increase by 3.32%, while it will decrease by −6.12% when the precipitation increases by 10%; (3) The forest ABC growth rate had accelerated from 3.15% in 1993–2000 to 8.01% in 2001–2012. The cumulative curve of the forest ABC was generally higher than the temperature or the precipitation after 2000. The total areas induced by climate variation and human activities accounted for 30.5% and 52.59% with an increases in ABC by 67.52 Tg C and 188.74 Tg C from 1993 to 2012, respectively. The implementation of major forestry projects might be the main reason for the rapid increase of forest ABC in the Yangtze River basin. This study suggested human activities such as ecological projects might contribute to the accelerated greening trend and highlighted the pivotal role of subtropical forest ABC in the carbon budget in China.

ACS Style

Rui Kong; Zengxin Zhang; Fengying Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Juan Chang; Shanshan Jiang; Bin Zhu; Xi Chen. Increasing carbon storage in subtropical forests over the Yangtze River basin and its relations to the major ecological projects. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 709, 136163 .

AMA Style

Rui Kong, Zengxin Zhang, Fengying Zhang, Jiaxi Tian, Juan Chang, Shanshan Jiang, Bin Zhu, Xi Chen. Increasing carbon storage in subtropical forests over the Yangtze River basin and its relations to the major ecological projects. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 709 ():136163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Kong; Zengxin Zhang; Fengying Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Juan Chang; Shanshan Jiang; Bin Zhu; Xi Chen. 2019. "Increasing carbon storage in subtropical forests over the Yangtze River basin and its relations to the major ecological projects." Science of The Total Environment 709, no. : 136163.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2019 in Water
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The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the GPM IMERG v5 and the TRMM 3B42 v7, with the reference of 224 rain gauge stations over the Yangtze River basin in China from April 2014 to December 2017. The results showed that: (1) The changing pattern of IMERG v5 was similar to the 3B42 v7, and higher correlations can be found between the satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) and observed precipitation for the monthly and annual time scale; (2) the IMERG v5 tended to overestimate the distribution range of the main rain band while the 3B42 v7 underestimated the precipitation in Sichuan basin, and the largest differences were found for the precipitation less than 1 mm/d for two SPPs; (3) both of the IMERG v5 and 3B42 v7 overestimated the precipitation in the lower elevation areas (

ACS Style

Yifan Wu; Zengxin Zhang; Yuhan Huang; Qiu Jin; Xi Chen; Juan Chang. Evaluation of the GPM IMERG v5 and TRMM 3B42 v7 Precipitation Products in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Water 2019, 11, 1459 .

AMA Style

Yifan Wu, Zengxin Zhang, Yuhan Huang, Qiu Jin, Xi Chen, Juan Chang. Evaluation of the GPM IMERG v5 and TRMM 3B42 v7 Precipitation Products in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yifan Wu; Zengxin Zhang; Yuhan Huang; Qiu Jin; Xi Chen; Juan Chang. 2019. "Evaluation of the GPM IMERG v5 and TRMM 3B42 v7 Precipitation Products in the Yangtze River Basin, China." Water 11, no. 7: 1459.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is a basis of material and energy flows in terrestrial ecosystems, and it is also an important component in the research on carbon cycle and carbon budget. This paper evaluated the spatial distribution pattern and temporal change trends for forest NPP simulated by the LPJ (Lund-Potsdam-Jena) model and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in the Yangtze River basin from 1982 to 2013. The results revealed that: (1) the spatial distribution of the forest NPP and NDVI in the Yangtze River basin has gradually decreased from the southeast coast to the northwest. The forest NPP and NDVI in the mid-lower Yangtze were higher than that of the upper Yangtze; (2) the forest NPP and NDVI in most areas of the Yangtze River basin were positively correlated with the temperature and precipitation. Moreover, the correlations among the temperature with the forest NPP and NDVI were stronger than that of correlations among precipitation with forest NPP and NDVI. Moreover, the extreme drought event in the year of 2004–2005 led the NPP to decrease in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin; (3) human activity such as major ecological projects would have a certain impact on the NPP and NDVI. The increase in forest areas from 2000 to 2010 was larger than that from 1990 to 2000. Moreover, the increasing rate for the NDVI was higher than that of NPP, especially after the year 2000, which indicates that the major ecological projects might have great impacts on the vegetation dynamics. Moreover, more attention should be paid on the joint impacts of human activity and climate change on terrestrial NPP and NDVI.

ACS Style

Fengying Zhang; Zengxin Zhang; Rui Kong; Juan Chang; Jiaxi Tian; Bin Zhu; Shanshan Jiang; Xi Chen; Chong-Yu Xu. Changes in Forest Net Primary Productivity in the Yangtze River Basin and Its Relationship with Climate Change and Human Activities. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1451 .

AMA Style

Fengying Zhang, Zengxin Zhang, Rui Kong, Juan Chang, Jiaxi Tian, Bin Zhu, Shanshan Jiang, Xi Chen, Chong-Yu Xu. Changes in Forest Net Primary Productivity in the Yangtze River Basin and Its Relationship with Climate Change and Human Activities. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (12):1451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fengying Zhang; Zengxin Zhang; Rui Kong; Juan Chang; Jiaxi Tian; Bin Zhu; Shanshan Jiang; Xi Chen; Chong-Yu Xu. 2019. "Changes in Forest Net Primary Productivity in the Yangtze River Basin and Its Relationship with Climate Change and Human Activities." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12: 1451.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) is one of the most popular global high resolution satellite-based precipitation products with a goal of measuring precipitation over the oceans and tropics. However, in recent years, the TRMM mission has come to an end. Its successor, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission was launched to measure the earth's precipitation structure, with an aim to improve upon the TRMM project. Both of the precipitation products have their own strengths and weaknesses in resolution, accuracy, and availability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrologic utilization of the TRMM and GPM products in a humid basin of China. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) 3B42V7 generally outperforms 3B42V6 in terms of hydrologic performance. Meanwhile, 3B42RTV7 significantly outperforms 3B42RTV6, and showed close performance with the bias-adjusted TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products. (2) The GPM showed better agreement with gauge observation than the TMPA products with lower RB and higher correlation coefficient (CC) values at different time scales. (3) The VIC hydrological model generally outperformed the XAJ hydrological model with lower RB, higher Nash–Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) and CC values; though the 3B42RTV6 and 3B42RTV7 showed higher CC values in simulating the streamflow hydrograph by using the VIC and XAJ hydrological models. It can be found that the conceptual hydrological model was enough for the hydrologic evaluation of TRMM and GPM IMERG satellite-based precipitation in a humid basin of China. This study provides a reference for the comparison of multiple models on watershed scale.

ACS Style

Zengxin Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Yuhan Huang; Xi Chen; Sheng Chen; Zheng Duan. Hydrologic Evaluation of TRMM and GPM IMERG Satellite-based Precipitation in a Humid Basin of China. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 431 .

AMA Style

Zengxin Zhang, Jiaxi Tian, Yuhan Huang, Xi Chen, Sheng Chen, Zheng Duan. Hydrologic Evaluation of TRMM and GPM IMERG Satellite-based Precipitation in a Humid Basin of China. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (4):431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zengxin Zhang; Jiaxi Tian; Yuhan Huang; Xi Chen; Sheng Chen; Zheng Duan. 2019. "Hydrologic Evaluation of TRMM and GPM IMERG Satellite-based Precipitation in a Humid Basin of China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4: 431.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2019 in Water
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Low flow is a seasonal phenomenon which is a critical requirement for utilization of water resources under rapidly changing environmental conditions. The operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has had a great influence on downstream low flow in the Yangtze River. In this paper, the characteristics of low flow in the main Yangtze River were analyzed during the dry season before and after the TGD operation during the period of 1956–2016. The results show that: (1) the operation of the TGD has changed the spatial and temporal distribution of streamflow in the middle and lower Yangtze River and the annual mean low flow has increased significantly since the TGD operation. (2) The operation of the TGD could advance the date of the start of dry season in the lower Yangtze River basin. The start dates of the dry season in the Yichang, Hankou and Datong stations were advanced by 14 days, 10 days and 9 days, respectively. (3) The minimum streamflow in the lower Yangtze River has increased notably since the TGD operation. The minimum streamflow was raised by 42.91%, 13.76% and 6.06% at the Yichang, Hankou and Datong stations, respectively. The increasing number of dams in the world might have the potential effects on downstream low flow. More attention should be paid to investigating the influence of dam construction on low flow in rivers all over the world.

ACS Style

Jiaxi Tian; Juan Chang; Zengxin Zhang; Yanjun Wang; Yifan Wu; Tong Jiang. Influence of Three Gorges Dam on Downstream Low Flow. Water 2019, 11, 65 .

AMA Style

Jiaxi Tian, Juan Chang, Zengxin Zhang, Yanjun Wang, Yifan Wu, Tong Jiang. Influence of Three Gorges Dam on Downstream Low Flow. Water. 2019; 11 (1):65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaxi Tian; Juan Chang; Zengxin Zhang; Yanjun Wang; Yifan Wu; Tong Jiang. 2019. "Influence of Three Gorges Dam on Downstream Low Flow." Water 11, no. 1: 65.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Water
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The grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions rely heavily on the use of rain, thus, improving rain use efficiency (RUE) is essential for securing sustainable development of grassland ecosystems in these areas with limited rainfall. In this study, the spatial and temporal variabilities of RUE for grassland ecosystems over Northwestern China during 1982–2013 were analyzed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation data. Results showed that: (1) Although grassland area has decreased gradually over the past 30 years, the NDVI in most areas showed that the vegetation was gradually restored; (2) The trends of RUE increased in the east of Northwestern China and decreased in the west of Northwestern China. However, the trends of RUE for the high-coverage grasslands (vs. low-coverage grassland) increased (decreased) significantly over the past 30 years. (3) The RUE for the grasslands was positively correlated with air temperature, while it was negatively correlated with the change of annual mean precipitation in northwestern China. Moreover, the obvious RUE increasing trends were found in the vegetation restoration areas, while the RUE decreasing trends appeared in the vegetation degradation areas. This study will be helpful for understanding the impacts of climate change on securing the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.

ACS Style

Juan Chang; Jiaxi Tian; Zengxin Zhang; Xi Chen; Yizhao Chen; Sheng Chen; Zheng Duan. Changes of Grassland Rain Use Efficiency and NDVI in Northwestern China from 1982 to 2013 and Its Response to Climate Change. Water 2018, 10, 1689 .

AMA Style

Juan Chang, Jiaxi Tian, Zengxin Zhang, Xi Chen, Yizhao Chen, Sheng Chen, Zheng Duan. Changes of Grassland Rain Use Efficiency and NDVI in Northwestern China from 1982 to 2013 and Its Response to Climate Change. Water. 2018; 10 (11):1689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Chang; Jiaxi Tian; Zengxin Zhang; Xi Chen; Yizhao Chen; Sheng Chen; Zheng Duan. 2018. "Changes of Grassland Rain Use Efficiency and NDVI in Northwestern China from 1982 to 2013 and Its Response to Climate Change." Water 10, no. 11: 1689.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Lakes and vegetation are important factors of the Earth's hydrological cycle and can be called an “indicator” of climate change. In this study, long-term changes of lakes' area and vegetation coverage in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and their relations to the climate change were analyzed by using Mann-Kendall method during the past 30 years. Results showed that: 1) the lakes' area of the QTP increased significantly during the past 30 years as a whole, and the increasing rates have been dramatically sped up since the year of 2000. Among them, the area of Ayakekumu Lake has the fastest growing rate of 51.35%, which increased from 618 km2 in the 1980s to 983 km2 in the 2010s; 2) overall, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) increased in the QTP during the past 30 years. Above 79% of the area in the QTP showed increasing trend of NDVI before the year of 2000; 3) the air temperature increased significantly, the precipitation increased slightly, and the pan evaporation decreased significantly during the past 30 years. The lake area and vegetation coverage changes might be related to the climate change. The shifts in the temporal climate trend occurred around the year 2000 had led the lake area and vegetation coverage increasing. This study is of importance in further understanding the environmental changes under global warming over the QTP.

ACS Style

Zengxin Zhang; Juan Chang; Chong-Yu Xu; Yang Zhou; Yanhong Wu; Xi Chen; Shanshan Jiang; Zheng Duan. The response of lake area and vegetation cover variations to climate change over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the past 30 years. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 635, 443 -451.

AMA Style

Zengxin Zhang, Juan Chang, Chong-Yu Xu, Yang Zhou, Yanhong Wu, Xi Chen, Shanshan Jiang, Zheng Duan. The response of lake area and vegetation cover variations to climate change over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the past 30 years. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 635 ():443-451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zengxin Zhang; Juan Chang; Chong-Yu Xu; Yang Zhou; Yanhong Wu; Xi Chen; Shanshan Jiang; Zheng Duan. 2018. "The response of lake area and vegetation cover variations to climate change over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the past 30 years." Science of The Total Environment 635, no. : 443-451.

Proceedings article
Published: 13 September 2007 in Optical Engineering + Applications
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In this paper, we explored the trends of the summer whole layer moisture budget and precipitation during 1961 to 2005 and possible correlations between them using linear regression method in the Yangtze River basin, China. The results indicate that: 1) the summer moisture budget and precipitation are in significant increasing trend with p95% confidence level on the upper Yangtze basin; 2) The annual moisture budget show significant decreasing trend in the Yangtze basin and this decreasing trend is not significant at >95% confidence level with p95% confidence level; 3) This research sheds light on the changing features of summer precipitation and possible correlation with discharge and moisture budget in the Yangtze River basin since that flood hazards mostly occurred to the summer, which will be of great scientific merits in further understanding the changes of the summer precipitation, related impacts on discharge change and possible causes. The research results will be helpful for flood control and fluvial management in the Yangtze River basin under the changing climate.© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

ACS Style

Zengxin Zhang; Lanjun Zou; Xin-Zhong Liang; Tong Jiang; Jinchi Zhang. On the study of water vapor transport in the Yangtze River Basin under global warming background. Optical Engineering + Applications 2007, 6679, 66791 -66791.

AMA Style

Zengxin Zhang, Lanjun Zou, Xin-Zhong Liang, Tong Jiang, Jinchi Zhang. On the study of water vapor transport in the Yangtze River Basin under global warming background. Optical Engineering + Applications. 2007; 6679 ():66791-66791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zengxin Zhang; Lanjun Zou; Xin-Zhong Liang; Tong Jiang; Jinchi Zhang. 2007. "On the study of water vapor transport in the Yangtze River Basin under global warming background." Optical Engineering + Applications 6679, no. : 66791-66791.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2007 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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The total precipitation of the highest 1 day, 3 day, 5 day and 7 day precipitation amount (R1D, R3D, R5D and R7D) in the Yangtze River basin was analyzed with the help of linear trend analysis and continuous wavelet transform method. The research results indicated that: 1) Spatial distribution of R1D is similar in comparison with that of R3D, R5D and R7D. The Jialingjiang and Hanjiang river basins are dominated by decreasing trend, which is significant at >95% confidence level in Jialingjiang River basin and insignificant at >95% confidence level in Hanjiang River basin. The southern part of the Yangtze River basin and the western part of the upper Yangtze River basin are dominated by significant increasing trend of R1D extreme precipitation at >95% confidence level. 2) As for the R3D, R5D and R7D, the western part of the upper Yangtze River basin is dominated by significant increasing trend at >95% confidence level. The eastern part of the upper Yangtze River basin is dominated by decreasing trend, but is insignificant at >95% confidence level. The middle and lower Yangtze River basin is dominated by increasing trend, but insignificant at >95% confidence level. 3) The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are intensified over time. Precipitation anomalies indicated that the southeastern part, southern part and southwestern part of the Yangtze River basin are dominated by positive extreme precipitation anomalies between 1993–2002 and 1961–1992. The research results of this text indicate that the occurrence probability of flash flood is higher in the western part of the upper Yangtze River basin and the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, esp. in the southwestern and southeastern parts of the Yangtze River basin.

ACS Style

Zengxin Zhang; Qiang Zhang; Tong Jiang. Changing features of extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin during 1961–2002. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007, 17, 33 -42.

AMA Style

Zengxin Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Tong Jiang. Changing features of extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin during 1961–2002. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2007; 17 (1):33-42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zengxin Zhang; Qiang Zhang; Tong Jiang. 2007. "Changing features of extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River basin during 1961–2002." Journal of Geographical Sciences 17, no. 1: 33-42.