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Mr. Noman Shabbir
Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics

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0 Renewable Energy
0 ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
0 energy forecasting
0 machine learning
0 Big Data Analysis

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Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Physical Communication
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Sensors and sensor networks are the future of fully automated industry solutions. With more capability and complex machinery, the requirements for sensing in larger factories are critical, considering the data amount, latency, and the number of sensors in operation. Given the excellent time-critical operation, bandwidth and the number of devices connected, the 5G indoor femtocells could prove an excellent option for building industrial sensor grids. For more flexibility in control and reliability, operating the 5G indoor femtocell network in license-free frequency bands could be an alternative to commercial 5G services. The 5G networks incorporate a very dense network of indoor femtocells. The Femtocells also enhance data rates, indoor performance, and coverage area both in residential and industrial environments. Therefore, keeping in view the above-stated actualities, this paper addresses different indoor scenarios for radio wave propagation and simulates several path loss models to calculate the likely and most suitable propagation model for indoor signaling. Multiple models for frequencies in the unlicensed band below 6 GHz and above 6 GHz (licensed) 5G femtocells are discussed in the paper considering the constraints of material types, attenuation due to obstacles, various floors, carrier frequency, and distance from the transmitter. The comparative analysis indicates that the ITU model and Keenan-Motley model give the highest path loss in residential and industrial environments, respectively, while the log-distance model has the lowest path loss in both environments for below 6 GHz frequencies in the unlicensed spectrum. For the above 6 GHz licensed bands, the Alpha Beta Gamma (ABG) model and Path Loss Exponent (CIF) model are observed to have the minimum path loss difference.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Lauri Kütt; Muhammad M. Alam; Priit Roosipuu; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad B. Qureshi; Ali R. Ansari; Raheel Nawaz. Vision towards 5G: Comparison of radio propagation models for licensed and unlicensed indoor femtocell sensor networks. Physical Communication 2021, 47, 101371 .

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Lauri Kütt, Muhammad M. Alam, Priit Roosipuu, Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad B. Qureshi, Ali R. Ansari, Raheel Nawaz. Vision towards 5G: Comparison of radio propagation models for licensed and unlicensed indoor femtocell sensor networks. Physical Communication. 2021; 47 ():101371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Lauri Kütt; Muhammad M. Alam; Priit Roosipuu; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad B. Qureshi; Ali R. Ansari; Raheel Nawaz. 2021. "Vision towards 5G: Comparison of radio propagation models for licensed and unlicensed indoor femtocell sensor networks." Physical Communication 47, no. : 101371.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in Energies
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In modern power systems, since most loads are inductive by nature, there is an ongoing power quality issue and researchers’ interest in improving the power factor is widespread, as inductive loads have a low power factor that depletes the system’s capacity and has an adverse effect on the voltage level. The measurement and acute analysis of voltage- and current-level waveforms is essential to tackle power quality issues. This article presents a detailed case study and analysis of real-time data measured from a frequency converter, which is used to operate the motor of a ventilation system. The output of the frequency converter is a highly distorted current wave. A hybrid Fourier transform (FT)- and wavelet transform-based solution has been proposed here to diagnose and identify the causes of motor failure in the ventilation system. The traditional FT did not give a detailed analysis of this type of signal, which is highly contaminated by noise. Therefore, first, the signal is preprocessed for data denoising using the wavelet transform. Second, the Fourier analysis is performed on the filtered signal for frequency analysis and segregation of fundamental frequency components, higher-order harmonics, and suppressed noise. The spectrum analysis reveals that the noise is generated due to the rapidly switching circuits in the frequency converter and this unfiltered signal at the output of the frequency converter causes motor failure.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Lauri Kütt; Bilal Asad; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Iqbal; Kamran Daniel. Spectrum Analysis for Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Ventilation Motor: A Case Study. Energies 2021, 14, 2001 .

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Lauri Kütt, Bilal Asad, Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad Iqbal, Kamran Daniel. Spectrum Analysis for Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Ventilation Motor: A Case Study. Energies. 2021; 14 (7):2001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Lauri Kütt; Bilal Asad; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Iqbal; Kamran Daniel. 2021. "Spectrum Analysis for Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Ventilation Motor: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 7: 2001.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Sensors
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Deployment of efficient and cost-effective parking lots is a known bottleneck for the electric vehicles (EVs) sector. A comprehensive solution incorporating the requirements of all key stakeholders is required. Taking up the challenge, we propose a real-time EV smart parking lot model to attain the following objectives: (a) maximize the smart parking lot revenue by accommodating maximum number of EVs and (b) minimize the cost of power consumption by participating in a demand response (DR) program offered by the utility since it is a tool to answer and handle the electric power usage requirements for charging the EV in the smart parking lot. With a view to achieving these objectives, a linear programming-based binary/cyclic (0/1) optimization technique is developed for the EV charge scheduling process. It is difficult to solve the problems of binary optimization in real-time given that the complexity of the problem increases with the increase in number of EV. We deploy a simplified convex relaxation technique integrated with the linear programming solution to overcome this problem. The algorithm achieves: minimum power consumption cost of the EV smart parking lot; efficient utilization of available power; maximization of the number of the EV to be charged; and minimum impact on the EV battery lifecycle. DR participation provide benefits by offering time-based and incentive-based hourly intelligent charging schedules for the EV. A thorough comparison is drawn with existing variable charging rate-based techniques in order to demonstrate the comparative validity of our proposed technique. The simulation results show that even under no DR event, the proposed scheme results in 2.9% decrease in overall power consumption cost for a 500 EV scenario when compared to variable charging rate method. Moreover, in similar conditions, such as no DR event and for 500 EV arrived per day, there is a 2.8% increase in number of EV charged per day, 3.2% improvement in the average state-of-charge (SoC) of the EV, 12.47% reduction in the average time intervals required to achieve final SoC.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Bilal Qureshi; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Noman Shabbir; Muhammad Usman Shahid Khan; Afnan Aloraini; Raheel Nawaz. A Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Intelligent Charge Scheduling Method for Commercial Smart Parking Lots Using a Simplified Convex Relaxation Technique. Sensors 2020, 20, 4842 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad Bilal Qureshi, Sahibzada Muhammad Ali, Noman Shabbir, Muhammad Usman Shahid Khan, Afnan Aloraini, Raheel Nawaz. A Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Intelligent Charge Scheduling Method for Commercial Smart Parking Lots Using a Simplified Convex Relaxation Technique. Sensors. 2020; 20 (17):4842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Bilal Qureshi; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Noman Shabbir; Muhammad Usman Shahid Khan; Afnan Aloraini; Raheel Nawaz. 2020. "A Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Intelligent Charge Scheduling Method for Commercial Smart Parking Lots Using a Simplified Convex Relaxation Technique." Sensors 20, no. 17: 4842.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2020 in Renewable Energy
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Pakistan is facing an increasing energy crisis with every passing year due to a growing population and increased industrial zones. Moreover, the energy cost is very high as it is mostly generated from conventional energy sources. Conversely, Pakistan has excellent potential for solar power generation as it lies near the equator. Due to the recent decrease in solar Photovoltaic (PV) costs, Pakistan is moving towards these solutions for both on-grid and off-grid systems. Therefore, this article focuses on the solar irradiance behavior and computation of the PV panel’s optimum angle for maximum energy harvesting in Pakistan. Moreover, the domestic economic analysis of rooftop solar PV systems is conducted based on investment cost, payback period, electricity bills reduction, and optimal metering scheme selection. Furthermore, the impact of domestic PV systems on the power grid is evaluated based on a reduction in the electrical load. This study has the potential to encourage consumers to gain monetary benefits from the investments in domestic PV systems by selling excess energy to the local distribution company. All simulations are performed in sol-metric sun-eye software. These simulations results are more versatile and meaningful under the ground conditions and actualities of Pakistan.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad H. Zafar; Muhammad N. Iqbal; Lauri Kütt. Economic analysis and impact on national grid by domestic photovoltaic system installations in Pakistan. Renewable Energy 2020, 153, 509 -521.

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad H. Zafar, Muhammad N. Iqbal, Lauri Kütt. Economic analysis and impact on national grid by domestic photovoltaic system installations in Pakistan. Renewable Energy. 2020; 153 ():509-521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad H. Zafar; Muhammad N. Iqbal; Lauri Kütt. 2020. "Economic analysis and impact on national grid by domestic photovoltaic system installations in Pakistan." Renewable Energy 153, no. : 509-521.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2019 in 2019 Big Data, Knowledge and Control Systems Engineering (BdKCSE)
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Wind energy forecasting is a very challenging task as it involves many variable factors from wind speed, weather season, location and many other factors. Its accurate prediction can be quite helpful in maintaining the balance between demand and supply, and issues related to the reliability of a power system. In this article, the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based forecasting algorithm is used for the three day-ahead predictions of energy generation from wind sources in Estonia. Then a comparison is made between the predicted energy generation of Estonian energy regulatory authority's algorithm and this RNN based algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm has lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value and it gives better forecasting.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Lauri Kutt; Muhammad Jawad; Roya Amadiahanger; Muhammad N. Iqbal; Argo Rosin. Wind Energy Forecasting Using Recurrent Neural Networks. 2019 Big Data, Knowledge and Control Systems Engineering (BdKCSE) 2019, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Lauri Kutt, Muhammad Jawad, Roya Amadiahanger, Muhammad N. Iqbal, Argo Rosin. Wind Energy Forecasting Using Recurrent Neural Networks. 2019 Big Data, Knowledge and Control Systems Engineering (BdKCSE). 2019; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Lauri Kutt; Muhammad Jawad; Roya Amadiahanger; Muhammad N. Iqbal; Argo Rosin. 2019. "Wind Energy Forecasting Using Recurrent Neural Networks." 2019 Big Data, Knowledge and Control Systems Engineering (BdKCSE) , no. : 1-5.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2019 in 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)
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Wind power is very different from other sources due to its volatile and stochastic nature. The forecasting of wind energy generation is a very important aspect for the reliability and challenges regarding balancing the supply and demand in power systems. In this paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM) based regression algorithm is used for one day ahead prediction of wind energy production in Estonia. The proposed algorithm is then compared with the results of the prediction algorithm used by the Estonian energy regulatory organization. The results indicate that our proposed algorithms give better forecasting and the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Roya AhmadiAhangar; Lauri Kutt; Muhamamd N. Iqbal; Argo Rosin. Forecasting Short Term Wind Energy Generation using Machine Learning. 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) 2019, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Roya AhmadiAhangar, Lauri Kutt, Muhamamd N. Iqbal, Argo Rosin. Forecasting Short Term Wind Energy Generation using Machine Learning. 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON). 2019; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Roya AhmadiAhangar; Lauri Kutt; Muhamamd N. Iqbal; Argo Rosin. 2019. "Forecasting Short Term Wind Energy Generation using Machine Learning." 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) , no. : 1-4.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2019 in 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)
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this paper analyses the effects of different microgrid configuration on energy efficiency. Four main possible topologies of connecting PV panels and battery energy storage systems are discussed in details. After performing a description and analysis of each configuration simulations were carried out in MATLAB Simulink to calculate the energy efficiency of the energy storage system. Simulation results are compared with practical experiments in the lab.

ACS Style

Kristjan Peterson; Roya Ahmadiahangar; Noman Shabbir; Toomas Vinnal. Analysis of Microgrid Configuration Effects on Energy Efficiency. 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Kristjan Peterson, Roya Ahmadiahangar, Noman Shabbir, Toomas Vinnal. Analysis of Microgrid Configuration Effects on Energy Efficiency. 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristjan Peterson; Roya Ahmadiahangar; Noman Shabbir; Toomas Vinnal. 2019. "Analysis of Microgrid Configuration Effects on Energy Efficiency." 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2019 in 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM)
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Global warming and high fuel prices are pushing governments and people in the direction of energy-efficient appliances. Lighting ingests almost 20% of the total electricity consumption in the residential and commercial sector. Replacing the old technology lamps with the new energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) lamps can reduce power consumption substantially. However, these nonlinear LED lamps contain circuits that can disturb the power quality by injecting current harmonics. It may affect the distribution grid power quality due to the penetration of a large number of LED lamps. This paper presents the power quality measurement data of different LED lamps available in the Estonian market. A comparison of current harmonics of thermally stable and unstable lamps are presented. The combined effect on the power quality due to the high penetration of LED lamp in the residential buildings is also presented in the paper.

ACS Style

M Naveed Iqbal; Marek Jarkovoi; Lauri Kutt; Noman Shabbir. Impact of LED Thermal Stability to Household Lighting Harmonic Load Current Modeling. 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

M Naveed Iqbal, Marek Jarkovoi, Lauri Kutt, Noman Shabbir. Impact of LED Thermal Stability to Household Lighting Harmonic Load Current Modeling. 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Naveed Iqbal; Marek Jarkovoi; Lauri Kutt; Noman Shabbir. 2019. "Impact of LED Thermal Stability to Household Lighting Harmonic Load Current Modeling." 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2019 in 2019 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET)
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Discussion on the impacts of real inertia of the wind turbine which is prevailing naturally and artificially controlled because the inertia of wind turbine is not consistent due to wind speed, the speed of the turbine and the torque of the turbine. Nowadays, the preservation of natural resources are becoming more important to replace the conservation energy sources due to global warming and environment changing etc. Therefore, so many techniques are taken to control the wind turbine output according to the variable wind speed. In this research work, IG wind turbine and DFIG wind turbine are used to accumulate the frequency deviation and wind turbine rotor speed using a PI controller for an only DFIG turbine named speed controller. There is also a comparison between the fixed speed wind turbine and the variable wind turbine to control the inertial impact of the variable speed of the turbine rotor at the variable wind speed.

ACS Style

Ali Hassan; Ateeq Ur Rehman; Noman Shabbir; Syed Rizwan Hassan; Muhammad Tariq Sadiq; Jehangir Arshad. Impact of Inertial Response for the Variable Speed Wind Turbine. 2019 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Ali Hassan, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Noman Shabbir, Syed Rizwan Hassan, Muhammad Tariq Sadiq, Jehangir Arshad. Impact of Inertial Response for the Variable Speed Wind Turbine. 2019 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Hassan; Ateeq Ur Rehman; Noman Shabbir; Syed Rizwan Hassan; Muhammad Tariq Sadiq; Jehangir Arshad. 2019. "Impact of Inertial Response for the Variable Speed Wind Turbine." 2019 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 May 2018 in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)
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Conventionally, the power systems are operating separately as AC or DC grids. Both systems have their advantages and disadvantages; however, if the AC loads need to be connected with the DC grid or DC loads with the AC grid, then DC-AC and AC-DC converters are required that results in conversion losses and an increase in the overall cost. Therefore, a comprehensive solution is the hybrid AC-DC grid in which DC loads relate to the DC grid and AC loads relate to the AC grid and one bi-directional converter joins both AC and DC grids and provides need-based power sharing between them. In future, it will be beneficial to operate big organizations, such as data centers, industry, and telecom exchanges under hybrid AC-DC grids because of the ever-increasing DC load demand and to avoid multiple AC-DC-AC conversion losses. Moreover, in recent times the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is increasing rapidly and now workplaces are required to have their own EV fast charging docking stations that adds an extra DC load demand for the organizations. Therefore, by keeping the facts in view, we proposed a hybrid AC-DC nano-grid based distributed power generation and power consumption is proposed as a suitable solution to reduce multiple conversion losses within the organizations. The AC and DC load of the Lahore's central telecom exchange is modeled for the simulations. For hybrid AC-DC nano-grid, a droop controller based bi-directional converter is designed for need-based power sharing between AC and DC nano-grids. The proposed hybrid AC-DC nano grid eliminates the excessive voltage conversion problem of telecom exchanges; provide fuel cell and battery bank-based emergency backup solution along with DC fast charging system for the EVs.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Qureshi; Ahsan Nadeem; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Noman Shabbir; Muhammad Nadeem Rafiq. Bi-Directional Nano Grid Design for Organizations with Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging at Workplace. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT) 2018, 0357 -0361.

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad Qureshi, Ahsan Nadeem, Sahibzada Muhammad Ali, Noman Shabbir, Muhammad Nadeem Rafiq. Bi-Directional Nano Grid Design for Organizations with Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging at Workplace. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT). 2018; ():0357-0361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Qureshi; Ahsan Nadeem; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Noman Shabbir; Muhammad Nadeem Rafiq. 2018. "Bi-Directional Nano Grid Design for Organizations with Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging at Workplace." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT) , no. : 0357-0361.

Book chapter
Published: 04 October 2017 in Wireless Sensor Networks - Insights and Innovations
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are achieving importance with the passage of time. Out of massive usage of wireless sensor networks, few applications demand quick data transfer including minimum possible interruption. Several applications give importance to throughput and they have not much to do with delay. It all rest on the applications desires that which parameter is more favourite. The knowledge of network structure and routing protocol is very important and it should be appropriate for the requirement of the usage. In the end a performance analysis of different routing protocols is made using a WLAN and a ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Syed Rizwan Hassan. Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Wireless Sensor Networks - Insights and Innovations 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Syed Rizwan Hassan. Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Wireless Sensor Networks - Insights and Innovations. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Syed Rizwan Hassan. 2017. "Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)." Wireless Sensor Networks - Insights and Innovations , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Communications
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ACS Style

Arslan Haider; Ateeq Ur Rehman; Noman Shabbir; Syed Rizwan Hassan; Irfan Haider. A Three Stage Load Sharing Routing Algorithm to Increase Lifetime of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. Journal of Communications 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Arslan Haider, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Noman Shabbir, Syed Rizwan Hassan, Irfan Haider. A Three Stage Load Sharing Routing Algorithm to Increase Lifetime of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. Journal of Communications. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arslan Haider; Ateeq Ur Rehman; Noman Shabbir; Syed Rizwan Hassan; Irfan Haider. 2017. "A Three Stage Load Sharing Routing Algorithm to Increase Lifetime of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks." Journal of Communications , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2015 in 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)
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This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing System (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). The analysis is been made against different network parameters like network load, end to end delay and throughput in a small scale Wireless Local Area (WLAN) based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) scenarios to identify the best performing protocol. Simulation results indicate that OLSR gives minimum network load while AODV gives best throughput and in terms of delay, OLSR is more efficient.

ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Roheel Nawaz; Muhammad N. Iqbal; Juniad Zafar. Routing protocols for small scale WLAN based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST) 2015, 412 -415.

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Roheel Nawaz, Muhammad N. Iqbal, Juniad Zafar. Routing protocols for small scale WLAN based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST). 2015; ():412-415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Roheel Nawaz; Muhammad N. Iqbal; Juniad Zafar. 2015. "Routing protocols for small scale WLAN based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)." 2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST) , no. : 412-415.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2011 in International Journal of Next-Generation Networks
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ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Muhammad T Sadiq; Hasnain Kashif; Rizwan Ullah. Comparison of Radio Propagation Models for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network. International Journal of Next-Generation Networks 2011, 3, 27 -41.

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Muhammad T Sadiq, Hasnain Kashif, Rizwan Ullah. Comparison of Radio Propagation Models for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network. International Journal of Next-Generation Networks. 2011; 3 (3):27-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Muhammad T Sadiq; Hasnain Kashif; Rizwan Ullah. 2011. "Comparison of Radio Propagation Models for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network." International Journal of Next-Generation Networks 3, no. 3: 27-41.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2021
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ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; M Jawad; Abdul Qayyum; H M Shakeeb Ilyas. Design & Analysis of a Low Cost GPS Based Surveillance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, M Jawad, Abdul Qayyum, H M Shakeeb Ilyas. Design & Analysis of a Low Cost GPS Based Surveillance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; M Jawad; Abdul Qayyum; H M Shakeeb Ilyas. 2021. "Design & Analysis of a Low Cost GPS Based Surveillance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2021
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ACS Style

Noman Shabbir; Hasnain Kashif. Matlab Toolbox for Link Budget Analysis for Wireless Networks. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Noman Shabbir, Hasnain Kashif. Matlab Toolbox for Link Budget Analysis for Wireless Networks. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noman Shabbir; Hasnain Kashif. 2021. "Matlab Toolbox for Link Budget Analysis for Wireless Networks." , no. : 1.