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Prof. Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García
Jaen University

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0 Tourism
0 competitiveness
0 Tourism Economy
0 Tourism and Development

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Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in Journal of Destination Marketing & Management
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Consolidated tourism destinations face certain challenges derived from aspects such as new client demands, growing competition, the problems of overtourism and tourism-phobia, and the modernization of infrastructures. The creation of taxes and/or public fees that affect tourism activities is one potential option for public managers facing these difficulties. The objective of this study is to determine tourists’ willingness to pay in order to increase the income of public managers to create these types of policies. The study was carried out in Andalusia, a region of southern Spain with high rates of tourism, which received some 32.4 million tourists in 2019. A survey was conducted on 1068 tourists at the main tourism arrival points of this region. First, factors influencing the willingness and amount to be paid by each tourist were identified; for this, distinct statistical techniques were used (binary logistic regression and decision trees). Second, the sensitivity of tourism demand was analyzed with regard to the establishment of these types of taxes and public fees, concluding that tourism demand is inelastic in the face of a moderate increase in prices resulting from the creation of taxes and/or public fees.

ACS Style

José Luis Durán-Román; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Tourists' willingness to pay to improve sustainability and experience at destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2021, 19, 100540 .

AMA Style

José Luis Durán-Román, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Tourists' willingness to pay to improve sustainability and experience at destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2021; 19 ():100540.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Durán-Román; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. 2021. "Tourists' willingness to pay to improve sustainability and experience at destination." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 19, no. : 100540.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The maturity of the tourism destinations, along with the sector’s growing competitiveness and evolving tourist habits, demands the implementation of a series of strategies to increase the sustainability of these destinations while improving the tourism experience. Therefore, the imposition of taxes and/or fees on distinct tourism activities has become a viable option for the financing of these policies. The objective of this study is to determine the amounts of taxes and/or public fees that tourists appear to be more willing to pay in order to improve the sustainability and experience of the mature tourism destination. It also attempts to identify the factors that determine tourists’ willingness to pay. The study was carried out in Andalusia, a prominently touristic region of southern Spain, which received 32.4 million tourists in 2019. To do so, a survey was conducted on 1068 tourists at the main tourism arrival points of this region. First, the results identify the dimensions of taxes and/or public fees that tourists are more willing to pay, linked to environmental factors and tourism services. Second, the following factors were found to influence the tourists’ willingness to pay these taxes: the purpose of the trip, income, budget and place of origin.

ACS Style

José Durán-Román; Pablo Cárdenas-García; Juan Pulido-Fernández. Tourist Tax to Improve Sustainability and the Experience in Mass Tourism Destinations: The Case of Andalusia (Spain). Sustainability 2020, 13, 42 .

AMA Style

José Durán-Román, Pablo Cárdenas-García, Juan Pulido-Fernández. Tourist Tax to Improve Sustainability and the Experience in Mass Tourism Destinations: The Case of Andalusia (Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Durán-Román; Pablo Cárdenas-García; Juan Pulido-Fernández. 2020. "Tourist Tax to Improve Sustainability and the Experience in Mass Tourism Destinations: The Case of Andalusia (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 42.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Reserach
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Los poderes públicos han desempeñado un papel clave en la competitividad turística, al recaer sobre este agente la obligación de proporcionar distintas infraestructuras y garantizar distintos servicios tanto al turista como al propio destino turístico. Las administraciones públicas de los territorios en los que el turismo tiene un peso importante para la economía española han puesto de manifiesto determinados problemas de financiación. Ante lo cual, la implantación de instrumentos fiscales específicos que graven dicha actividad y que recaigan sobre los agentes participantes en el sector, pueden contribuir a obtener la financiación necesaria para abordar distintas políticas públicas.

ACS Style

José Luis Durán Román; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. DELIMITACIÓN DE INGRESOS PÚBLICOS APLICABLES EN LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS ESPAÑOLES. Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Reserach 2020, 47, 179 -199.

AMA Style

José Luis Durán Román, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. DELIMITACIÓN DE INGRESOS PÚBLICOS APLICABLES EN LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS ESPAÑOLES. Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Reserach. 2020; 47 (47):179-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Durán Román; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. 2020. "DELIMITACIÓN DE INGRESOS PÚBLICOS APLICABLES EN LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS ESPAÑOLES." Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Reserach 47, no. 47: 179-199.

Review
Published: 15 July 2020 in Revista de Economía Mundial
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Los poderes públicos han desempeñado un papel clave en la competitividad turística, al recaer sobre este agente la obligación de proporcionar determinadas infraestructuras y servicios. Ello ha provocado incurrir en determinados costes adicionales, ante lo cual, la implantación de instrumentos fiscales puede contribuir a obtener la financiación necesaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los tributos de carácter turístico implantados en los cincuenta principales destinos turísticos mundiales. Para ello, se han consultado distintas fuentes oficiales, nacionales e internacionales. Se han identificado tributos de carácter turístico en 49 de los 50 principales destinos turísticos; configurándose, por tanto, como un instrumento eficaz para obtener la financiación necesaria.

ACS Style

José Luis Durán Román; Pablo Juan Cárdenas García; Juan Ignacio Pulido Fernández. Taxation of Tourism Activities: A Review of the Top 50 Tourism Destinations. Revista de Economía Mundial 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

José Luis Durán Román, Pablo Juan Cárdenas García, Juan Ignacio Pulido Fernández. Taxation of Tourism Activities: A Review of the Top 50 Tourism Destinations. Revista de Economía Mundial. 2020; (55):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Durán Román; Pablo Juan Cárdenas García; Juan Ignacio Pulido Fernández. 2020. "Taxation of Tourism Activities: A Review of the Top 50 Tourism Destinations." Revista de Economía Mundial , no. 55: 1.

Research article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Journal of Travel Research
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After having demonstrated the relationship between tourism and economic growth, tourism-led economic growth (TLGH), and economic-driven tourism growth (EDTG), the scientific literature was concerned with studying the relationship between tourism and economic development, limiting itself to analyzing a possible unidirectional relationship between tourism, economic growth, and economic development. In this context, the aim of this article is to determine if the relationship between tourism and economic development is bidirectional given that, although tourism can be a tool for economic development, it is also true that a higher level of economic development influences tourism growth. Using a sample of 143 countries, and applying confirmatory factor analysis together with a structural equations model, the bidirectional relationship is confirmed. Therefore, although tourism growth and economic development face different challenges, if public policies work in a coordinated manner, they may contribute significantly to improving economic development in countries that are configured as tourist destinations.

ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. Analyzing the Bidirectional Relationship between Tourism Growth and Economic Development. Journal of Travel Research 2020, 60, 583 -602.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. Analyzing the Bidirectional Relationship between Tourism Growth and Economic Development. Journal of Travel Research. 2020; 60 (3):583-602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. 2020. "Analyzing the Bidirectional Relationship between Tourism Growth and Economic Development." Journal of Travel Research 60, no. 3: 583-602.

Articles
Published: 25 November 2019 in Anatolia
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse, on the basis of information gathered from 3,048 questionnaires, the factors which determine the daily expenditure in the destination of tourists in 14 emerging urban-cultural destinations in Andalusia (Spain), using an OLS regression model. The results confirm that tourist expenditure is explained by a set of factors related to the socio-economic profile of the tourist, the characteristics of the trip, the activities of the tourist in the destination and the degree of satisfaction with the destination. Knowledge of these aspects allows tourism policy to be oriented towards maximizing the revenue generated by the tourist in the urban-cultural destinations analysed, which are in the first stages of their life cycle.

ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Beatriz Rodríguez-Díaz; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. Key factors of tourism expenditure in emerging urban-cultural destinations. Anatolia 2019, 31, 31 -49.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Beatriz Rodríguez-Díaz, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. Key factors of tourism expenditure in emerging urban-cultural destinations. Anatolia. 2019; 31 (1):31-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Beatriz Rodríguez-Díaz; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. 2019. "Key factors of tourism expenditure in emerging urban-cultural destinations." Anatolia 31, no. 1: 31-49.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Thirty years after the Brundtland Report the debate on sustainable tourism is current. Sustainability is considered a key element for touristic competitiveness. There has been an effort to show how sustainability contributes to tourism growth. An improvement in sustainability contributes, partially, to the growth of tourism. Stakeholders should work towards environmental sustainability.

ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Antonio Espinosa-Pulido. Does environmental sustainability contribute to tourism growth? An analysis at the country level. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 213, 309 -319.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Antonio Espinosa-Pulido. Does environmental sustainability contribute to tourism growth? An analysis at the country level. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 213 ():309-319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Antonio Espinosa-Pulido. 2018. "Does environmental sustainability contribute to tourism growth? An analysis at the country level." Journal of Cleaner Production 213, no. : 309-319.

Original articles
Published: 28 December 2017 in Current Issues in Tourism
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Tourism may serve as tool of economic development (ED). The aim of this article is to determine, through the analysis of determining factors identified in previous studies, which are the most important variables in channelling tourism growth into ED. Using a multivariate linear regression model, the main push and brake factors have been identified, for both developed and developing countries. It has been concluded that countries should maintain low initial provisions for CO2 emissions, hospital beds, unemployment, energy without CO2 emissions, and working population. It is also necessary to reduce conflict-related deaths. These results may be crucial in the decision-making processes implemented by policymakers and destination managers, given that they provide extremely useful information for the planning of their actions.

ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Tourism as an economic development tool. Key factors. Current Issues in Tourism 2017, 22, 2082 -2108.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Tourism as an economic development tool. Key factors. Current Issues in Tourism. 2017; 22 (17):2082-2108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. 2017. "Tourism as an economic development tool. Key factors." Current Issues in Tourism 22, no. 17: 2082-2108.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2017 in Tourism Review
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine, through a microeconomic analysis, the extent to which trip characteristics influence tourism expenditure in 14 emerging urban-cultural cities in Andalusia (Spain). Design/methodology/approach This analysis was carried out using an ordinary least squares method, which measures influence on tourism expenditure based on the trip characteristics of tourists visiting emerging urban-cultural cities. For this, the authors used 3,030 surveys conducted on tourists who, in 2013, visited 14 emerging urban-cultural cities in Andalusia (Spain). Findings It was confirmed that certain trip characteristics – type of accommodation, length of stay, trip planning and internet use – determine tourism expenditure in these destinations. The findings provide stakeholders in these destinations with information for the implementation of policies aiming to increase revenue in destinations where tourism development levels are still in their infancy and where, therefore, there are many unexploited opportunities. Originality/value First, this study identifies those trip characteristics which influence tourist expenditure in emerging urban tourist destinations. These destinations, to date, had not been previously analysed in expenditure segmentation studies. Second, aside from the factors traditionally analysed in scientific literature, other trip-specific variables were considered; these relate to the means by which tourists familiarise themselves with their destination and the way in which they plan their trip (use of the internet), as the rise of new technologies has radically changed tourism.

ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. Explaining tourism expenditure based on trip characteristics in emerging urban-cultural destinations. Tourism Review 2017, 72, 68 -86.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. Explaining tourism expenditure based on trip characteristics in emerging urban-cultural destinations. Tourism Review. 2017; 72 (1):68-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. 2017. "Explaining tourism expenditure based on trip characteristics in emerging urban-cultural destinations." Tourism Review 72, no. 1: 68-86.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2016 in Aula Abierta
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Resumen El mercado laboral demanda profesionales que posean habilidades más allá de los contenidos de los propios planes de estudios: las denominadas competencias clave o transversales, lo que implica que los agentes que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumnado tienen que desarrollar metodologías docentes que permitan una adecuada adquisición de dichas competencias. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si el estudio de caso favorece más el desarrollo de competencias transversales que otras metodologías tradicionales. Esta metodología se ha aplicado en las asignaturas de Economía Aplicada impartidas en el Grado de Turismo de la Universidad de Jaén. Así, mediante el uso de técnicas estadísticas inferenciales aplicadas a una muestra de alumnos dividida en 2 grupos (grupo de control: aquellos que han seguido métodos de docencia tradicionales; grupo experimental: aquellos que han utilizado el estudio de caso como metodología docente), los resultados obtenidos apoyan que existen diferencias significativas, en cuanto a la adquisición de las competencias claves o transversales, dependiendo de la metodología docente utilizada. Por tanto, la experiencia descrita aporta evidencias de que la metodología del estudio de caso podría mejorar la adquisición de competencias transversales del alumnado que cursa el Grado de Turismo en la Universidad de Jaén.

ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. Skills acquisition in Tourism Degree through case-based learning. Aula Abierta 2016, 44, 15 .

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. Skills acquisition in Tourism Degree through case-based learning. Aula Abierta. 2016; 44 (1):15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. 2016. "Skills acquisition in Tourism Degree through case-based learning." Aula Abierta 44, no. 1: 15.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2016 in Tourism Planning & Development
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ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; José Luis Durán Román. Socio-Economic Profile of Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-Cultural Destinations. Tourism Planning & Development 2016, 14, 318 -336.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, José Luis Durán Román. Socio-Economic Profile of Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-Cultural Destinations. Tourism Planning & Development. 2016; 14 (3):318-336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; José Luis Durán Román. 2016. "Socio-Economic Profile of Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-Cultural Destinations." Tourism Planning & Development 14, no. 3: 318-336.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2016 in EDULEARN16 Proceedings
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ACS Style

Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Luis Gómez Chova; Agustín López Martínez; Ignacio Candel Torres. EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY AS A CHALLENGE FOR TOURISM STUDIES IN SPAIN. A CASE STUDY. EDULEARN16 Proceedings 2016, 1, 4963 -4972.

AMA Style

Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Luis Gómez Chova, Agustín López Martínez, Ignacio Candel Torres. EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY AS A CHALLENGE FOR TOURISM STUDIES IN SPAIN. A CASE STUDY. EDULEARN16 Proceedings. 2016; 1 ():4963-4972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Luis Gómez Chova; Agustín López Martínez; Ignacio Candel Torres. 2016. "EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY AS A CHALLENGE FOR TOURISM STUDIES IN SPAIN. A CASE STUDY." EDULEARN16 Proceedings 1, no. : 4963-4972.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Aula Abierta
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ResumenEl mercado laboral demanda profesionales que posean habilidades más allá de los contenidos de los propios planes de estudios: las denominadas competencias clave o transversales, lo que implica que los agentes que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumnado tienen que desarrollar metodologías docentes que permitan una adecuada adquisición de dichas competencias. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si el estudio de caso favorece más el desarrollo de competencias transversales que otras metodologías tradicionales. Esta metodología se ha aplicado en las asignaturas de Economía Aplicada impartidas en el Grado de Turismo de la Universidad de Jaén. Así, mediante el uso de técnicas estadísticas inferenciales aplicadas a una muestra de alumnos dividida en 2 grupos (grupo de control: aquellos que han seguido métodos de docencia tradicionales; grupo experimental: aquellos que han utilizado el estudio de caso como metodología docente), los resultados obtenidos apoyan que existen diferencias significativas, en cuanto a la adquisición de las competencias claves o transversales, dependiendo de la metodología docente utilizada. Por tanto, la experiencia descrita aporta evidencias de que la metodología del estudio de caso podría mejorar la adquisición de competencias transversales del alumnado que cursa el Grado de Turismo en la Universidad de Jaén.AbstractThe labor market requires professionals with skills that go beyond the contents of the curriculum itself, the so-called key or cross curricular skills. This implies that those involved in the teaching-learning process of students must develop teaching methodologies that enable the appropriate acquisition of those skills. This paper aims to analyze whether the case study favors the development of generic skills more than traditional methodologies. This methodology has been applied to courses of Applied Economics taught in the Tourism Degree at the University of Jaen. Thus, by using inferential statistics applied to a sample of students divided into two groups (control group: those who were taught using traditional teaching methods; experimental group: those who have used case studies as their teaching methodology). The results obtained support that there are significant differences regarding the acquisition of key or cross curricular skills depending on the teaching methodology used. Therefore, the experience described here provides evidence that case study methodology could improve the acquisition of cross curricular skills by students taking the Tourism Degree at the University of Jaen

ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Isabel Carrillo Hidalgo. Adquisición de competencias en el Grado de Turismo mediante el aprendizaje basado en estudios de caso. Aula Abierta 2016, 44, 15 -22.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Isabel Carrillo Hidalgo. Adquisición de competencias en el Grado de Turismo mediante el aprendizaje basado en estudios de caso. Aula Abierta. 2016; 44 (1):15-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Isabel Carrillo Hidalgo. 2016. "Adquisición de competencias en el Grado de Turismo mediante el aprendizaje basado en estudios de caso." Aula Abierta 44, no. 1: 15-22.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2015 in Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing
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ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; María De La Cruz Pulido-Fernández. The Influence of Tourist Satisfaction on Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban Cultural Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2015, 33, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, María De La Cruz Pulido-Fernández. The Influence of Tourist Satisfaction on Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban Cultural Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 2015; 33 (4):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; María De La Cruz Pulido-Fernández. 2015. "The Influence of Tourist Satisfaction on Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban Cultural Destinations." Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 33, no. 4: 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Czech Journal of Tourism
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In 2013, it had been ten years since the World Heritage designation of Úbeda and Baeza. After this time period, there should have been a change in the image of this tourism destination, which should have been translated, according to the literature, into an increase in tourism, and, consequently, into a greater impact of this activity on the economy of both cities. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the designation of Úbeda and Baeza as World Heritage Cities has led to an increase in the economic impact generated by tourism in these destinations. To do this, the evolution of the main tourism variables of these cities over the last decade has been analysed, concluding that, indeed, there has been an increase in the direct economic impact generated by tourism in these cities, which is mainly explained by an increase in average daily expenditure.

ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Ana Belen Mudarra Fernandez. Direct economic impact of tourism on World Heritage Cities: An approach to measurement in emerging destinations. Czech Journal of Tourism 2015, 3, 91 -106.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Ana Belen Mudarra Fernandez. Direct economic impact of tourism on World Heritage Cities: An approach to measurement in emerging destinations. Czech Journal of Tourism. 2015; 3 (2):91-106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Ana Belen Mudarra Fernandez. 2015. "Direct economic impact of tourism on World Heritage Cities: An approach to measurement in emerging destinations." Czech Journal of Tourism 3, no. 2: 91-106.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2015 in International Journal of Tourism Research
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ACS Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. Trip Cultural Activities and Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-cultural Destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research 2015, 18, 286 -296.

AMA Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. Trip Cultural Activities and Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-cultural Destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2015; 18 (4):286-296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo. 2015. "Trip Cultural Activities and Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban-cultural Destinations." International Journal of Tourism Research 18, no. 4: 286-296.

Research article
Published: 01 August 2014 in Tourism Economics
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Currently, there are opposing views concerning the capacity of economic growth resulting from the expansion of tourism activity to influence an increase in the level of a country's economic development. In recent years a school of thought has been consolidating that there is no automatic relationship between the two, but that certain circumstances must occur in the structural foundations of a country for such a link to be made. The investment climate plays a decisive role in the economic development of a society. The aim of this paper is to identify, through a country-level empirical analysis, which specific factors related to the investment climate promote or hinder the transformation of tourism growth into an improvement of the living conditions of the population. The end result is that, in those countries with lower levels of development, the lack of an appropriate investment climate complicates this relationship (unlike in developed countries). Thus, continuing to invest in tourism in these countries without first solving the issues affecting the investment climate will lead to a failure of such investment.

ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Does the Investment Climate Determine the Transformation of Tourism Growth into Economic Development? Tourism Economics 2014, 20, 669 -694.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Does the Investment Climate Determine the Transformation of Tourism Growth into Economic Development? Tourism Economics. 2014; 20 (4):669-694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. 2014. "Does the Investment Climate Determine the Transformation of Tourism Growth into Economic Development?" Tourism Economics 20, no. 4: 669-694.

Economies of tourism destinations
Published: 07 March 2014 in Tourism Geographies
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Currently, there are two opposing research lines regarding the capacity of tourism to influence the level of economic development. In this context, this research study, after analysing the validity of each one of these two lines, advocates for an intermediate situation based on the premise that there is no automatic relationship between these two dimensions, but instead, a country must meet certain characteristics in order for this link to occur. In this sense, once proven the importance of population characteristics in the level of socioeconomic progress by scientific literature, applying an econometric model, using a sample of 144 countries – divided between more developed countries and less developed countries –, it has showed that the reduction of the emigrant population – especially high-qualified people – and the existence of low unemployment rates have contributed to the transformation of tourism growth into economic development. In addition, it has also demonstrated that countries with regressive population pyramids have greater difficulties for tourism growth improve their socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, international agencies and institutions that seek to use tourism as an effective tool for alleviate poverty should consider these factors before making significant investments that ultimately do not produce the expected results

ACS Style

Marcelino Sanchez-Rivero; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. Population characteristics and the impact of tourism on economic development. Tourism Geographies 2014, 16, 615 -635.

AMA Style

Marcelino Sanchez-Rivero, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. Population characteristics and the impact of tourism on economic development. Tourism Geographies. 2014; 16 (4):615-635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcelino Sanchez-Rivero; Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García. 2014. "Population characteristics and the impact of tourism on economic development." Tourism Geographies 16, no. 4: 615-635.

Research article
Published: 18 December 2013 in Journal of Travel Research
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Having recognized the importance of tourism to economic growth, most international organizations have begun to argue that tourism growth can influence, as well, the economic and sociocultural development of society. However, recently, a new approach that criticizes the relationship between both dimensions has begun to be developed; suggesting that this is not an automatic relationship. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine whether the economic growth experienced in some countries as a result of the expansion of the tourism activity over the last two decades influences an increase in the level of economic development. To that end, a sample of 144 countries has been used, which verifies that this relationship occurs, especially in more developed countries, which calls into question the conception of tourism as a driving force of economic development for the least developed countries, and even in developing countries.

ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Marcelino Sanchez-Rivero; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Does Tourism Growth Influence Economic Development? Journal of Travel Research 2013, 54, 206 -221.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Marcelino Sanchez-Rivero, Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. Does Tourism Growth Influence Economic Development? Journal of Travel Research. 2013; 54 (2):206-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Marcelino Sanchez-Rivero; Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández. 2013. "Does Tourism Growth Influence Economic Development?" Journal of Travel Research 54, no. 2: 206-221.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2013 in Current Issues in Tourism
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ACS Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero. Tourism and economic development: analysis of geographic features and infrastructure provision. Current Issues in Tourism 2013, 18, 609 -632.

AMA Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero. Tourism and economic development: analysis of geographic features and infrastructure provision. Current Issues in Tourism. 2013; 18 (7):609-632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García; Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero. 2013. "Tourism and economic development: analysis of geographic features and infrastructure provision." Current Issues in Tourism 18, no. 7: 609-632.