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Dairy is a key investment sector for the Government of Malawi. On 1 October 2016, the Malawi Revenue Authority announced that milk, which until then had been exempted from value added tax (VAT), was going to be taxed at the standard rate of 16.5 percent. The measure has been met with strong opposition and thus, was short lived (eliminated in May 2017). The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the effect that such a tax would have on its incidence, on the different stages of the supply chain, and ultimately on its economic and social sustainability. The paper investigates these implications by developing a multimarket model applied to the Malawian dairy supply chain. The results indicate that 24.3 percent of the VAT revenues would be borne by consumers and the remaining 75.7 percent would be borne by the domestic dairy industry (i.e., processors and smallholder farmers). This was due mainly to the value of the price elasticity of consumers’ demand for pasteurised milk. The results highlight the vulnerability of inclusive value chains to economic policies that may affect consumers’ demand.
Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Luiza Toma; Faical Akaichi. An Analysis of the Tax Incidence of VAT to Milk in Malawi. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8003 .
AMA StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha, Luiza Toma, Faical Akaichi. An Analysis of the Tax Incidence of VAT to Milk in Malawi. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha; Luiza Toma; Faical Akaichi. 2020. "An Analysis of the Tax Incidence of VAT to Milk in Malawi." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8003.
Faical Akaichi; Joan Costa-Font; Richard Frank. Uninsured by Choice? A choice experiment on long term care insurance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2020, 173, 422 -434.
AMA StyleFaical Akaichi, Joan Costa-Font, Richard Frank. Uninsured by Choice? A choice experiment on long term care insurance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 2020; 173 ():422-434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaical Akaichi; Joan Costa-Font; Richard Frank. 2020. "Uninsured by Choice? A choice experiment on long term care insurance." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 173, no. : 422-434.
Intensive animal production practices lead to animal suffering worldwide. This study examined whether farmers cope with the negative impact of farming practices on their animals by ascribing them less capacity to suffer compared with other species. Most people like eating meat but find animal suffering emotionally disturbing. Human omnivores employ a variety of strategies to navigate this “meat paradox,” and one of these is to reduce their perception of animals’ capacity to suffer. Psychological defenses associated with meat-eating have been widely researched, but this study provides the first investigation into how these are employed amongst those involved in meat production and focusses on intensive pig producers as an example. Seventy-six pig farmers reported their belief in pigs’ capacity to experience pain, hunger, fear, and boredom in a paper-based survey employing visual analogue scales. Their responses were compared with their perceptions of livestock that they did not farm (cows) and two companion animal species (dogs and cats). These results were compared with people who had similar experience of working with pigs (15 specialized pig veterinarians) and those who had no experience of pigs (23 agricultural students, 22 animal science students, and 58 citizens unrelated to agriculture). The results of the 194 responses provide evidence to suggest that the pig farmers did not ascribe their animals a diminished capacity to suffer. Rather, pig farmers expressed an enhanced belief in pigs’ capacity to experience hunger. All comparison groups expressed widespread belief in each species’ capacity to suffer. Nevertheless, dogs were the species judged to be most capable of suffering, and animal science students gave the highest suffering scores overall. Farmers are directly responsible for the welfare of their animals, and further investigation into the psychological and behavioral strategies of farmers may provide insight into non-financial reasons behind the generally slow progress in improving animal welfare.
Rachel S. E. Peden; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Steve Loughnan; Faical Akaichi; Simon Turner. Belief in Pigs’ Capacity to Suffer: An Assessment of Pig Farmers, Veterinarians, Students, and Citizens. Anthrozoös 2020, 33, 21 -36.
AMA StyleRachel S. E. Peden, Irene Camerlink, Laura A. Boyle, Steve Loughnan, Faical Akaichi, Simon Turner. Belief in Pigs’ Capacity to Suffer: An Assessment of Pig Farmers, Veterinarians, Students, and Citizens. Anthrozoös. 2020; 33 (1):21-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachel S. E. Peden; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Steve Loughnan; Faical Akaichi; Simon Turner. 2020. "Belief in Pigs’ Capacity to Suffer: An Assessment of Pig Farmers, Veterinarians, Students, and Citizens." Anthrozoös 33, no. 1: 21-36.
Badria Hamed Al Ruqishi; Tarig Gibreel; Faical Akaichi; Lokman Zaibet; Slim Zekri. Contractual agriculture: better partnerships between small farmers and the business sector in the sultanate of Oman. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 2020, 10, 321 -335.
AMA StyleBadria Hamed Al Ruqishi, Tarig Gibreel, Faical Akaichi, Lokman Zaibet, Slim Zekri. Contractual agriculture: better partnerships between small farmers and the business sector in the sultanate of Oman. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. 2020; 10 (1):321-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadria Hamed Al Ruqishi; Tarig Gibreel; Faical Akaichi; Lokman Zaibet; Slim Zekri. 2020. "Contractual agriculture: better partnerships between small farmers and the business sector in the sultanate of Oman." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 10, no. 1: 321-335.
This study investigates the substitution and complementary effects for beef mince attributes drawing on data from large choice experiments conducted in the UK and Spain. In both countries, consumers were found to be willing to pay a price premium for the individual use of the labels “Low Fat” (UK: €3.41, Spain: €1.94), “Moderate Fat” (UK: €2.23, Spain: €1.57), “Local” (UK: €1.54, Spain: €1.61), “National” (UK: €1.33, Spain: €1.37), “Organic” (UK: €1.02, Spain: €1.09) and “Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)” (UK: €2.05, Spain: €0.96). The results showed that consumers in both countries do not treat desirable food attributes as unrelated. In particular, consumers in Spain are willing to pay a price premium for the use of the labels “Local”, “Organic” and “Low GHG” on beef mince that is also labelled as having low or moderate fat content. By contrast, consumers in the UK were found to discount the coexistence of the labels “Low Fat” and “Organic”, “Low Fat” and “Low GHG” and “Moderate Fat” and “Low GHG”. The results, however, suggest that in the UK the demand for beef mince with moderate (low) fat content can be increased if it is also labelled as “Organic” or “Low GHG” (“Local”).
Faical Akaichi; Cesar Revoredo Giha; Klaus Glenk; Jose Maria Gil. How Consumers in the UK and Spain Value the Coexistence of the Claims Low Fat, Local, Organic and Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Nutrients 2020, 12, 120 .
AMA StyleFaical Akaichi, Cesar Revoredo Giha, Klaus Glenk, Jose Maria Gil. How Consumers in the UK and Spain Value the Coexistence of the Claims Low Fat, Local, Organic and Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (1):120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaical Akaichi; Cesar Revoredo Giha; Klaus Glenk; Jose Maria Gil. 2020. "How Consumers in the UK and Spain Value the Coexistence of the Claims Low Fat, Local, Organic and Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Nutrients 12, no. 1: 120.
The analysis of changes in prices is not only important because they directly affect households’ affordability and, therefore, their food security but also because they may trigger changes in the composition of their food and drink choices. Thus, an increase in prices may force a household with limited resources to choose a bundle of goods with lower prices that substitute their original choices and are probably of lower quality. This paper considers the situation of each UK country and the implications that trading down in quality within a food and drink category has on nutrition. Two motivations to pursue these analyses are to explore the sort of substitutions that households do within a category due to an increase in prices and, in the UK leaving the European Union (Brexit) context, the impact that an increase in food prices may have on nutrition. After computing estimates for trading down for each country for the period 2007–2014, we regress the annual rate of change by nutrient with respect to the annual trading in quality for six food qualities that are major contributors of fat, sugar and salt to the diet. The results indicate that trading down in quality occurs in most of the studied categories and countries, and when households trade down, they move to products with worse nutritional quality. This points out the need to keep improving the quality of products through reformulation, ensure that consumers are well informed of nutritional quality of products and monitor the effect of changes in prices.
Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Faical Akaichi; Neil Chalmers. Trading on Food Quality due to Changes in Prices: Are There Any Nutritional Effects? Nutrients 2019, 12, 23 .
AMA StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha, Faical Akaichi, Neil Chalmers. Trading on Food Quality due to Changes in Prices: Are There Any Nutritional Effects? Nutrients. 2019; 12 (1):23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha; Faical Akaichi; Neil Chalmers. 2019. "Trading on Food Quality due to Changes in Prices: Are There Any Nutritional Effects?" Nutrients 12, no. 1: 23.
When deciding whether to invest in an improvement to animal welfare, farmers must trade-off the relative costs and benefits. Despite the existence of effective solutions to many animal welfare issues, farmers' willingness to pay for them is largely unknown. This study modelled pig farmers' decisions to improve animal welfare using a discrete choice experiment focused on alleviating aggression between growing/finishing pigs at regrouping. Eighty-two UK and Irish pig farm owners and managers were asked to choose between hypothetical aggression control strategies described in terms of four attributes; installation cost, on-going cost, impact on skin lesions from aggression and impact on growth rate. If they did not like any of the strategies they could opt to keep their current farm practice. Systematic variations in product attributes allowed farmers' preferences and willingness to pay to be estimated and latent class modelling accounted for heterogeneity in responses. The overall willingness to pay to reduce lesions was low at £0.06 per pig place (installation cost) and £0.01 per pig produced (running cost) for each 1% reduction in lesions. Results revealed three independent classes of farmers. Farmers in Class 1 were unlikely to regroup unfamiliar growing/finishing pigs, and thus were unwilling to adopt measures to reduce aggression at regrouping. Farmers in Classes 2 and 3 were willing to adopt measures providing certain pre-conditions were met. Farmers in Class 2 were motivated mainly by business goals, whilst farmers in Class 3 were motivated by both business and animal welfare goals, and were willing to pay the most to reduce aggression; £0.11 per pig place and £0.03 per pig produced for each 1% reduction in lesions. Farmers should not be considered a homogeneous group regarding the adoption of animal welfare innovations. Instead, campaigns should be targeted at subgroups according to their independent preferences and willingness to pay.
Rachel S. E. Peden; Faical Akaichi; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Simon Turner. Pig farmers' willingness to pay for management strategies to reduce aggression between pigs. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0224924 .
AMA StyleRachel S. E. Peden, Faical Akaichi, Irene Camerlink, Laura A. Boyle, Simon Turner. Pig farmers' willingness to pay for management strategies to reduce aggression between pigs. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (11):e0224924.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachel S. E. Peden; Faical Akaichi; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Simon Turner. 2019. "Pig farmers' willingness to pay for management strategies to reduce aggression between pigs." PLOS ONE 14, no. 11: e0224924.
Klaus Glenk; Jürgen Meyerhoff; Faical Akaichi; Julia Martin-Ortega. Revisiting cost vector effects in discrete choice experiments. Resource and Energy Economics 2019, 57, 135 -155.
AMA StyleKlaus Glenk, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Faical Akaichi, Julia Martin-Ortega. Revisiting cost vector effects in discrete choice experiments. Resource and Energy Economics. 2019; 57 ():135-155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlaus Glenk; Jürgen Meyerhoff; Faical Akaichi; Julia Martin-Ortega. 2019. "Revisiting cost vector effects in discrete choice experiments." Resource and Energy Economics 57, no. : 135-155.
Warwick Wainwright; Klaus Glenk; Faical Akaichi; Dominic Moran. Conservation contracts for supplying Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) conservation services in Romania. Livestock Science 2019, 224, 1 -9.
AMA StyleWarwick Wainwright, Klaus Glenk, Faical Akaichi, Dominic Moran. Conservation contracts for supplying Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) conservation services in Romania. Livestock Science. 2019; 224 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWarwick Wainwright; Klaus Glenk; Faical Akaichi; Dominic Moran. 2019. "Conservation contracts for supplying Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) conservation services in Romania." Livestock Science 224, no. : 1-9.
This study assesses the comparability of discrete choice experiment (DCE), ranking conjoint analysis (RCA) and multiprofile best–worst scaling (BWS) in a nonhypothetical context in terms of estimated partworths, willingness to pay (WTP), response consistency and external validity. Overall, the results suggest that: (i) the conjoint analysis formats that were used in this study provide similar estimated WTP, but different estimated partworths and computed external validity; (ii) the inclusion of the full ranking information in the estimation of the parameters of interest affects the estimated partworths, but not the estimated WTP; and (iii) it is more appropriate to use multiprofile BWS over DCE and RCA because it has better predictive power of consumers’ preferences and provides estimated WTP comparable to those obtained in the others conjoint analysis formats. The BWS’ cognitive process could be considered clearness for participants implying significant increment of its predictive power.
Ahmed Yangui; Faical Akaichi; Montserrat Costa‐Font; Jose GIL. Comparing results of ranking conjoint analyses, best–worst scaling and discrete choice experiments in a nonhypothetical context. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2019, 63, 221 -246.
AMA StyleAhmed Yangui, Faical Akaichi, Montserrat Costa‐Font, Jose GIL. Comparing results of ranking conjoint analyses, best–worst scaling and discrete choice experiments in a nonhypothetical context. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2019; 63 (2):221-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Yangui; Faical Akaichi; Montserrat Costa‐Font; Jose GIL. 2019. "Comparing results of ranking conjoint analyses, best–worst scaling and discrete choice experiments in a nonhypothetical context." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 63, no. 2: 221-246.
Several animal welfare issues persist in practice despite extensive research which has been linked to the unwillingness of stakeholders to make changes. For example, most farmers do not perceive pig aggression to be a problem that requires action despite the fact that stress and injuries are common, and that several solutions exist. Frequent exposure to animal suffering could affect farmer responses to distressed animals. This study investigated for the first time whether this occurs, using pig aggression as a focus. Using video clips, 90 pig farmers judged the severity of aggression, level of pig exhaustion and the strength of their own emotional response. Their judgments were compared to objective measures of severity (pigs’ skin lesions and blood lactate), and against control groups with similar pig experience (10 pig veterinarians) and without experience (26 agricultural students; 24 animal science students). Famers did not show desensitization to aggression. However, all groups underestimated the outcome of aggression when they did not see the fight occurring as compared to witnessing a fight in progress. We suggest that farmers be provided with evidence of the economic and welfare impact of aggression as indicated by lesions and that they be advised to score lesions on affected animals.
Rachel S. E. Peden; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Faical Akaichi; Simon P. Turner. Farmer Perceptions of Pig Aggression Compared to Animal-Based Measures of Fight Outcome. Animals 2019, 9, 22 .
AMA StyleRachel S. E. Peden, Irene Camerlink, Laura A. Boyle, Faical Akaichi, Simon P. Turner. Farmer Perceptions of Pig Aggression Compared to Animal-Based Measures of Fight Outcome. Animals. 2019; 9 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachel S. E. Peden; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Faical Akaichi; Simon P. Turner. 2019. "Farmer Perceptions of Pig Aggression Compared to Animal-Based Measures of Fight Outcome." Animals 9, no. 1: 22.
Aggression between pigs remains an important animal welfare issue despite several solutions existing. Uptake of livestock welfare research relies on various stakeholders being willing to recommend or adopt changes to farm structure or management (e.g., veterinarians, researchers, farmers). This survey provides insight into the attitudes and practices of 122 UK and Irish pig farmers regarding aggression between growing pigs. Our aim was to understand why mitigation strategies are not adequately implemented. The majority of farmers mixed pigs at least once during production and had tried at least one mitigation strategy in the past. Farmers expressed limited willingness to implement strategies in the future, and a structural equation model revealed that this was directly influenced by their beliefs about the outcome of controlling aggression, and their perception of their ability to implement the necessary changes. Willingness was indirectly influenced by their perceptions of aggression as a problem and views of relevant stakeholder groups. Veterinarians had the greatest impact on farmer behavior. We recommend that researchers test research findings in practice, calculate cost-benefits of implementation, and transfer knowledge through various sources. This study showed that structural equation modeling is a valuable tool to understand farmer behavior regarding specific and entrenched animal welfare issues.
Rachel S. E. Peden; Faical Akaichi; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Simon P. Turner. Factors Influencing Farmer Willingness to Reduce Aggression between Pigs. Animals 2018, 9, 6 .
AMA StyleRachel S. E. Peden, Faical Akaichi, Irene Camerlink, Laura A. Boyle, Simon P. Turner. Factors Influencing Farmer Willingness to Reduce Aggression between Pigs. Animals. 2018; 9 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachel S. E. Peden; Faical Akaichi; Irene Camerlink; Laura A. Boyle; Simon P. Turner. 2018. "Factors Influencing Farmer Willingness to Reduce Aggression between Pigs." Animals 9, no. 1: 6.
The future of organic agriculture will, to a large extent, depend on consumer demand. As a result, the last three decades have witnessed a considerable increase in the number of papers that have attempted to identify the determinants of organic food consumption and whether organic foods are competing with other ethical food products such as local foods, animal-friendly foods, healthier foods and free-from foods (e.g., dairy free, gluten free, nut free). This study went a step further and assessed the use of animal welfare and nutritional information to increase the demand for and the competitive power of organic foods using a non-hypothetical experimental auction. Overall, the results showed that the demand for organic animal products could be improved not only by selling better its superiority in terms of sustainability but also by promoting its advantages in terms of other attributes that are known to be highly valued by consumers such as animal welfare and nutritional content. Therefore, producers and marketers of organic animal products should be fully aware of the potential of their products and ready to exploit all their advantages if they want to improve their competitive power as well as their demand.
Faical Akaichi; Klaus Glenk; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Could animal welfare claims and nutritional information boost the demand for organic meat? Evidence from non-hypothetical experimental auctions. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 207, 961 -970.
AMA StyleFaical Akaichi, Klaus Glenk, Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Could animal welfare claims and nutritional information boost the demand for organic meat? Evidence from non-hypothetical experimental auctions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 207 ():961-970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaical Akaichi; Klaus Glenk; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. 2018. "Could animal welfare claims and nutritional information boost the demand for organic meat? Evidence from non-hypothetical experimental auctions." Journal of Cleaner Production 207, no. : 961-970.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the overall effect of promotions on consumers’ food purchases in Scotland and to consider the implications of the findings for food and health policy. Design/methodology/approach This is achieved by analysing a representative scanner panel data set for the period 2006-2013. The methodology consists of exploring the impact of promotions on food expenditure and allocation within households’ food purchases, using expenditure regressions and estimations of the linear version the Almost Ideal Demand System. Findings The results indicate that whilst promotions have differentiated effects by category, they have similar results by SIMD. The effect of the promotions on the total expenditure is positive for all the quintiles. However, the effect of promotions on each food category is complex because of the cross-effects between categories. As regards the effect of prices, the results provide a picture that seems to indicate that typical economic measures such as specific taxes applied to substances which, e.g., encourage obesity, might have limited impact on the diet given the inelasticity of the demand to changes in prices. Originality/value A contribution of this paper has been to focus on the effect of promotions on all the food products consumed by Scottish households, instead of analysing promotional influences on a single or reduced number of products within a category.
Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Faical Akaichi; Philip Leat. Retailers’ promotions. British Food Journal 2018, 120, 1028 -1045.
AMA StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha, Faical Akaichi, Philip Leat. Retailers’ promotions. British Food Journal. 2018; 120 (5):1028-1045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha; Faical Akaichi; Philip Leat. 2018. "Retailers’ promotions." British Food Journal 120, no. 5: 1028-1045.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with food consumption have become particularly pertinent issues given recent warnings that the planet recently has experienced its hottest year. One way proposed to reduce those emissions is through a carbon consumption taxes. This study uses consumption, nutrient and GHG emission data to estimate the impact of two ad-valorem taxes: one applied by food category and another by the carbon emission of the products. The results suggest that the carbon consumption tax scenarios would reduce GHG emissions by a greater quantity relative to the ad-valorem tax scenario; however, the intake of important nutrients will also decrease in these scenarios. Therefore, creating an environmentally sustainable and nutritious diet through taxation is challenging and requires compromise between the nutrition and environmental sustainability.
Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Neil Chalmers; Faical Akaichi. Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK. Sustainability 2018, 10, 134 .
AMA StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha, Neil Chalmers, Faical Akaichi. Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesar Revoredo-Giha; Neil Chalmers; Faical Akaichi. 2018. "Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 134.
Several studies on ethical and social food attributes have shown that consumers, especially in developed countries, are willing to pay a price premium for fair trade foods products. However, there is a scant literature on how consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for fair trade products are affected by the presence of other ethical food attributes. To fill this gap, a choice experiment was conducted in Scotland, the Netherlands and France to assess consumers’ preferences and WTP for ethical attributes, i.e., fairtrade, organic, and lower carbon footprint, of bananas and to find out whether this ethical food attributes are competing in real markets. The results showed that in the three countries consumers are willing to pay a price premium for the three ethical food attributes. The results showed that in the current market situation these ethical foods are not generally competing against each other. Nonetheless, they are likely to become competing for consumer’s money at least when: (1) the price of organic foods is decreased significantly, (2) the price for fairtrade food products is set higher than consumers’ WTP, and (3) bananas labeled as having lower carbon footprint are made available in retail stores and sold at a price lower than consumers’ WTP.
Faical Akaichi; Steven de Grauw; Paul Darmon; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Does Fair Trade Compete with Carbon Footprint and Organic Attributes in the Eyes of Consumers? Results from a Pilot Study in Scotland, The Netherlands and France. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2016, 29, 969 -984.
AMA StyleFaical Akaichi, Steven de Grauw, Paul Darmon, Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Does Fair Trade Compete with Carbon Footprint and Organic Attributes in the Eyes of Consumers? Results from a Pilot Study in Scotland, The Netherlands and France. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 2016; 29 (6):969-984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaical Akaichi; Steven de Grauw; Paul Darmon; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. 2016. "Does Fair Trade Compete with Carbon Footprint and Organic Attributes in the Eyes of Consumers? Results from a Pilot Study in Scotland, The Netherlands and France." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 29, no. 6: 969-984.
Faical Akaichi; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Consumers demand for products with animal welfare attributes. British Food Journal 2016, 118, 1682 -1711.
AMA StyleFaical Akaichi, Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Consumers demand for products with animal welfare attributes. British Food Journal. 2016; 118 (7):1682-1711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaical Akaichi; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. 2016. "Consumers demand for products with animal welfare attributes." British Food Journal 118, no. 7: 1682-1711.
This study measures consumers’ willingness to pay for the attributes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during production, food miles and origin (local/non-local) of rice products and assesses the interaction effects (complementarities and substitutions) between these food attributes using a non-hypothetical experimental auction. Results typically show that consumers are willing to pay a price premium for rice that has lower GHG emissions, lower food miles and/or is local. Most importantly, consumers were found to trade off these three food attributes. The results also show that consumers do not perceive the attributes food miles and origin as perfect substitutes.
Faical Akaichi; Jr Rodolfo M. Nayga; Lawton Lanier Nalley. Are there trade-offs in valuation with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, origin and food miles attributes? European Review of Agricultural Economics 2016, 44, 3 -31.
AMA StyleFaical Akaichi, Jr Rodolfo M. Nayga, Lawton Lanier Nalley. Are there trade-offs in valuation with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, origin and food miles attributes? European Review of Agricultural Economics. 2016; 44 (1):3-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaical Akaichi; Jr Rodolfo M. Nayga; Lawton Lanier Nalley. 2016. "Are there trade-offs in valuation with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, origin and food miles attributes?" European Review of Agricultural Economics 44, no. 1: 3-31.
A choice experiment was carried out in Scotland to assess consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for four popular food attributes (i.e. animal welfare, organic, local and low fat attributes) and determine whether these attributes are independent, complement or substitutes. The results showed that the majority of consumers have positive preferences and are willing to pay a price premium for the four attributes. Furthermore, the results from the interactions between attributes showed that labelling organic pork as local could significantly increase its demand. The results also show that the co-existence of animal welfare and organic/local/low fat labels is likely to generate a discounting effect on consumers’ total premium for these bundles of food attributes (i.e. these attributes are perceived by consumers as overlapping). Organic and local attributes were found to be independent.
Faiçal Akaichi; Klaus Glenk; César Revoredo-Giha. Substitutes or Complements? Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Animal Welfare, Organic, Local and Low Fat Food Attributes. 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleFaiçal Akaichi, Klaus Glenk, César Revoredo-Giha. Substitutes or Complements? Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Animal Welfare, Organic, Local and Low Fat Food Attributes. . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiçal Akaichi; Klaus Glenk; César Revoredo-Giha. 2016. "Substitutes or Complements? Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Animal Welfare, Organic, Local and Low Fat Food Attributes." , no. : 1.
The effects of written information of key sensory characteristics of apple cultivars on hedonic ratings and willingness to pay (WTP) were measured in an experimental auction. Participants (n = 118, 95F, 23M, mean age 37y.) rated, in three subsequent rounds, pleasantness and WTP based on (1) appearance only (n = 25), (2) appearance, written information and tasting (n = 44), or (3) appearance, tasting and written information (n = 49). Four domestic cultivars were described as medium sour and crispy ('Amorosa'), sour and medium crispy ('Konsta'), medium sweet and medium crispy ('Lobo') and sweet and medium crispy ('Tobias'). The differences between the cultivars in pleasantness and WTP were minimal when the evaluation was based on appearance only. The effect of tasting after visual inspection was positive in three cultivars and negative in one ('Konsta'). Written information after tasting did not affect pleasantness or WTP. For one cultivar ('Tobias'), information given before tasting created expectations that were not fulfilled, thus tasting decreased hedonic ratings and WTP. Mean WTP was 2.36 euro/kg. When pleasantness increased by one point, WTP increased by 0.31-0.45 euro/kg. Regression models showed that pleasantness explained 38-55% of WTP. Respondents who reported consuming domestic apples more often than once a week had 0.52-0.74 euro/kg higher WTP than those who consumed them less frequently, suggesting that familiarity with the product increases WTP. Results indicate that both written information and tasting contribute to the ratings of pleasantness and WTP. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Postprint (published version
Laila Seppä; Terhi Latvala; Faical Akaichi; José M. Gil; Hely Tuorila. What are domestic apples worth? Hedonic responses and sensory information as drivers of willingness to pay. Food Quality and Preference 2015, 43, 97 -105.
AMA StyleLaila Seppä, Terhi Latvala, Faical Akaichi, José M. Gil, Hely Tuorila. What are domestic apples worth? Hedonic responses and sensory information as drivers of willingness to pay. Food Quality and Preference. 2015; 43 ():97-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaila Seppä; Terhi Latvala; Faical Akaichi; José M. Gil; Hely Tuorila. 2015. "What are domestic apples worth? Hedonic responses and sensory information as drivers of willingness to pay." Food Quality and Preference 43, no. : 97-105.