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Dietmar Göhlich
Chair of Methods for Product Development and Mechatronics, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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Electrification is a potential solution for transport decarbonization and already widely available for individual and public transport. However, the availability of electrified commercial vehicles like waste collection vehicles is still limited, despite their significant contribution to urban emissions. Moreover, there is a lack of clarity whether electric waste collection vehicles can persist in real world conditions and which system design is required. Therefore, we introduce a multi-agent-based simulation methodology to investigate the technical feasibility and evaluate environmental and economic sustainability of an electrified urban waste collection. We present a synthetic model for waste collection demand on a per-link basis, using open available data. The tour planning is solved by an open-source algorithm as a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). This generates plausible tours which handle the demand. The generated tours are simulated with an open-source transport simulation (MATSim) for both the diesel and the electric waste collection vehicles. To compare the life cycle costs, we analyze the data using total cost of ownership (TCO). Environmental impacts are evaluated based on a Well-to-Wheel approach. We present a comparison of the two propulsion types for the exemplary use case of Berlin. And we are able to generate a suitable planning to handle Berlin’s waste collection demand using battery electric vehicles only. The TCO calculation reveals that the electrification raises the total operator cost by 16–30%, depending on the scenario and the battery size with conservative assumptions. Furthermore, the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be reduced by 60–99%, depending on the carbon footprint of electric power generation.

ACS Style

Ricardo Ewert; Alexander Grahle; Kai Martins-Turner; Anne Magdalene Syré; Kai Nagel; Dietmar Göhlich. Electrification of Urban Waste Collection: Introducing a Simulation-Based Methodology for Technical Feasibility, Impact and Cost Analysis. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 122 .

AMA Style

Ricardo Ewert, Alexander Grahle, Kai Martins-Turner, Anne Magdalene Syré, Kai Nagel, Dietmar Göhlich. Electrification of Urban Waste Collection: Introducing a Simulation-Based Methodology for Technical Feasibility, Impact and Cost Analysis. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (3):122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricardo Ewert; Alexander Grahle; Kai Martins-Turner; Anne Magdalene Syré; Kai Nagel; Dietmar Göhlich. 2021. "Electrification of Urban Waste Collection: Introducing a Simulation-Based Methodology for Technical Feasibility, Impact and Cost Analysis." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3: 122.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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Electric moped scooter sharing services have recently experienced strong growth rates, particularly in Europe. Due to their compactness, environmental-friendliness and convenience, shared e-mopeds are suitable for helping to reduce the environmental impact of urban transport. However, its traffic-related, economic and environmental effects are merely represented in academic research. Therefore, this study investigates the ability of an e-moped sharing system to substitute passenger car trips, and the resulting economic and environmental effects. First, we model fleets of 2500, 10,000 and 50,000 shared e-mopeds in Berlin, based on a passenger car scenario generated by the multi-agent transport simulation framework MATSim. Afterwards, the total cost of ownership and a life cycle assessment are conducted. The results indicate that a substantial part of all passenger car trips in Berlin can be substituted. The larger the fleet, the more and longer trips are replaced. Simultaneously, the efficiency in terms of fleet utilization decreases. The scenario with 10,000 e-mopeds offers the lowest total distance-based costs for sharing operators, whereas a fleet consisting of 2500 vehicles exhibits the lowest environmental emissions per kilometer. Already with today’s grid mix, the use of shared e-mopeds results in a significant reduction in environmental impact compared to conventional and battery-electric passenger cars.

ACS Style

Chris Wortmann; Anne Syré; Alexander Grahle; Dietmar Göhlich. Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 96 .

AMA Style

Chris Wortmann, Anne Syré, Alexander Grahle, Dietmar Göhlich. Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (3):96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Wortmann; Anne Syré; Alexander Grahle; Dietmar Göhlich. 2021. "Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3: 96.

Preprint
Published: 09 June 2021
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Electric moped scooter sharing services have recently experienced strong growth rates, particularly in Europe. Due to their compactness, environmental-friendliness and convenience, shared e-mopeds are suitable modes of transport in urban mobility to help reduce the environmental impact. However, its traffic-related, economic and environmental effects are merely represented in academic research. We used passenger car traffic data in Berlin generated by the multi-agent transport simulation framework MATSim to develop a python-based simulation, resembling an e-moped sharing system. Based on the results, a total cost of ownership and a life cycle assessment for fleet sizes of 2,500, 10,000 and 50,000 vehicles were conducted. The results indicate that a substantial part of all passenger car trips in Berlin can be substituted. The larger the fleet, the more and longer trips are replaced. Simultaneously, the efficiency in terms of fleet utilization decreases. The scenario with 10,000 e-mopeds offers the lowest total distance-based costs for sharing operators, whereas a fleet consisting of 2,500 vehicles exhibits the lowest environmental emissions per kilometer driven over the expected lifespan of a shared e-moped. Based on the renewable energy potential for 2050 forecasted by the German Federal Environment Agency, a significant overall decline in environmental impacts can be achieved.

ACS Style

Chris Wortmann; Anne Magdalene Syré; Alexander Grahle; Dietmar Göhlich. Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Chris Wortmann, Anne Magdalene Syré, Alexander Grahle, Dietmar Göhlich. Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Wortmann; Anne Magdalene Syré; Alexander Grahle; Dietmar Göhlich. 2021. "Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Energies
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With continuous proliferation of private battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in urban regions, the demand for electrical energy and power is constantly increasing. Electrical grid infrastructure operators are facing the question of where and to what extent they need to expand their infrastructure in order to meet the additional demand. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop an activity-based mobility model that supports electrical grid operators in detecting and evaluating possible overloads within the electrical grid, deriving from the aforementioned electrification. We apply our model, which fully relies on open data, to the urban area of Berlin. In addition to a household travel survey, statistics on the population density, the degree of motorisation, and the household income in fine spatial resolution are key data sources for generation of the model. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BEV charging energy demand is highly heterogeneous. The demand per capita is higher in peripheral areas of the city, while the demand per m2 area is higher in the inner city. For reference areas, we analysed the temporal distribution of the BEV charging power demand, by assuming that the vehicles are solely charged at their residential district. We show that the households’ power demand peak in the evening coincide with the BEV power demand peak while the total power demand can increase up to 77.9%.

ACS Style

Florian Straub; Simon Streppel; Dietmar Göhlich. Methodology for Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Power Demand of Private Electric Vehicles for an Entire Urban Region Using Open Data. Energies 2021, 14, 2081 .

AMA Style

Florian Straub, Simon Streppel, Dietmar Göhlich. Methodology for Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Power Demand of Private Electric Vehicles for an Entire Urban Region Using Open Data. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2081.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Florian Straub; Simon Streppel; Dietmar Göhlich. 2021. "Methodology for Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Power Demand of Private Electric Vehicles for an Entire Urban Region Using Open Data." Energies 14, no. 8: 2081.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper presents a new methodology to derive and analyze strategies for a fully decarbonized urban transport system which combines conceptual vehicle design, a large-scale agent-based transport simulation, operational cost analysis, and life cycle assessment for a complete urban region. The holistic approach evaluates technical feasibility, system cost, energy demand, transportation time, and sustainability-related impacts of various decarbonization strategies. In contrast to previous work, the consequences of a transformation to fully decarbonized transport system scenarios are quantified across all traffic segments, considering procurement, operation, and disposal. The methodology can be applied to arbitrary regions and transport systems. Here, the metropolitan region of Berlin is chosen as a demonstration case. The first results are shown for a complete conversion of all traffic segments from conventional propulsion technology to battery electric vehicles. The transition of private individual traffic is analyzed regarding technical feasibility, energy demand and environmental impact. Commercial goods, municipal traffic and public transport are analyzed with respect to system cost and environmental impacts. We can show a feasible transition path for all cases with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions. Based on current technologies and today’s cost structures our simulation shows a moderate increase in total systems cost of 13–18%.

ACS Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Kai Nagel; Anne Syré; Alexander Grahle; Kai Martins-Turner; Ricardo Ewert; Ricardo Miranda Jahn; Dominic Jefferies. Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic. Sustainability 2021, 13, 839 .

AMA Style

Dietmar Göhlich, Kai Nagel, Anne Syré, Alexander Grahle, Kai Martins-Turner, Ricardo Ewert, Ricardo Miranda Jahn, Dominic Jefferies. Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Kai Nagel; Anne Syré; Alexander Grahle; Kai Martins-Turner; Ricardo Ewert; Ricardo Miranda Jahn; Dominic Jefferies. 2021. "Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 839.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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In battery electric buses (e-buses), the substantial energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can cause significant reductions of the available travel range. Additionally, HVAC systems are often operated at higher levels than what required for the thermal comfort of the passengers. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to experimentally investigate the influence of the HVAC system on the energy consumption and thermal comfort in a 12m e-bus. An appropriate thermal comfort model is identified and the required climatic input parameters are selected and measured with self-developed sensor stations. The energy consumption of the e-bus, the state of charge (SoC) of the battery and the available travel range are measured by an embedded data logger. Climatic measurements are then performed with heating on and off on a Berlin bus line in winter conditions. The results show that the energy consumption of the e-bus is increased by a factor of 1.9 with heating on, while both the SoC and travel range are reduced accordingly. Comparing the thermal comfort with heating on and off, a decrease from “comfortable” to “slightly uncomfortable but acceptable” is observed.

ACS Style

Francesco Cigarini; Tu-Anh Fay; Nikolay Artemenko; Dietmar Göhlich. Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption in a Battery Electric Bus. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 7 .

AMA Style

Francesco Cigarini, Tu-Anh Fay, Nikolay Artemenko, Dietmar Göhlich. Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption in a Battery Electric Bus. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (1):7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Cigarini; Tu-Anh Fay; Nikolay Artemenko; Dietmar Göhlich. 2021. "Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption in a Battery Electric Bus." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1: 7.

Preprint
Published: 06 December 2020
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This paper presents a new methodology to derive and analyze strategies for a fully decarbonized urban transport system which combines conceptual vehicle design, a large-scale agent-based transport simulation, operational cost analysis, and life cycle assessment for a complete urban region. The holistic approach evaluates technical feasibility, system cost, energy demand, transportation time and sustainability-related impacts of various decarbonization strategies. In contrast to previous work, the consequences of a transformation to fully decarbonized transport system scenarios are quantified across all traffic segments, considering procurement, operation and disposal. The methodology can be applied to arbitrary regions and transport systems. Here, the metropolitan region of Berlin is chosen as a demonstration case. First results are shown for a complete conversion of all traffic segments from conventional propulsion technology to battery electric vehicles. The transition of private individual traffic is analyzed regarding technical feasibility, energy demand and environmental impact. Commercial goods, municipal traffic and public transport are analyzed with respect to system cost and environmental impacts. We can show a feasible transition path for all cases with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions. Based on current technologies and today’s cost structures our simulation shows a moderate increase in total systems cost of 13-18%.

ACS Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Kai Nagel; Anne Magdalene Syré; Alexander Grahle; Kai Martins-Turner; Ricardo Ewert; Ricardo Miranda Jahn; Dominic Jefferies. Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Dietmar Göhlich, Kai Nagel, Anne Magdalene Syré, Alexander Grahle, Kai Martins-Turner, Ricardo Ewert, Ricardo Miranda Jahn, Dominic Jefferies. Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Kai Nagel; Anne Magdalene Syré; Alexander Grahle; Kai Martins-Turner; Ricardo Ewert; Ricardo Miranda Jahn; Dominic Jefferies. 2020. "Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020
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In 2020, vehicle sales decreased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, several voices have demanded a vehicle subsidy similar to the “environmental subsidy” in Germany in 2009. The ecological efficiency of vehicle subsidies is controversially discussed. This paper establishes a prognosis of the long-term environmental impacts of various car subsidy concepts. The CO2 emissions of the German car fleet impacted by the purchase subsidies are determined. A balance model of the CO2 emissions of the whole car life cycle is developed. The implementation of different subsidy scenarios directly affects the forecasted composition of the vehicle population and, therefore, the resulting life-cycle assessment. All scenarios compensate the additional emissions required by the production pull-in within the considered period and, hence, reduce the accumulated CO2 emissions until 2030. In the time period 2019–2030 and for a total number of 0.72 million subsidized vehicles—compensating the decrease due to the COVID-19 pandemic—savings of between 1.31 and 7.56 million t CO2 eq. are generated compared to the scenario without a subsidy. The exclusive funding of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is most effective, with an ecological break-even in 2025.

ACS Style

Malte Scharf; Ludger Heide; Alexander Grahle; Anne Magdalene Syré; Dietmar Göhlich. Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany. 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Malte Scharf, Ludger Heide, Alexander Grahle, Anne Magdalene Syré, Dietmar Göhlich. Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany. . 2020; 12 (23):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malte Scharf; Ludger Heide; Alexander Grahle; Anne Magdalene Syré; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany." 12, no. 23: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Sustainability
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In 2020, vehicle sales decreased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, several voices have demanded a vehicle subsidy similar to the “environmental subsidy” in Germany in 2009. The ecological efficiency of vehicle subsidies is controversially discussed. This paper establishes a prognosis of the long-term environmental impacts of various car subsidy concepts. The CO2 emissions of the German car fleet impacted by the purchase subsidies are determined. A balance model of the CO2 emissions of the whole car life cycle is developed. The implementation of different subsidy scenarios directly affects the forecasted composition of the vehicle population and, therefore, the resulting life-cycle assessment. All scenarios compensate the additional emissions required by the production pull-in within the considered period and, hence, reduce the accumulated CO2 emissions until 2030. In the time period 2019–2030 and for a total number of 0.72 million subsidized vehicles—compensating the decrease due to the COVID-19 pandemic—savings of between 1.31 and 7.56 million t CO2 eq. are generated compared to the scenario without a subsidy. The exclusive funding of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is most effective, with an ecological break-even in 2025.

ACS Style

Malte Scharf; Ludger Heide; Alexander Grahle; Anne Syré; Dietmar Göhlich. Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany. Sustainability 2020, 12, 37 .

AMA Style

Malte Scharf, Ludger Heide, Alexander Grahle, Anne Syré, Dietmar Göhlich. Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malte Scharf; Ludger Heide; Alexander Grahle; Anne Syré; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts for Stimulating Car Sales in Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 37.

Chapter
Published: 27 November 2020 in Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen
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Mechanische Systeme in Form von Maschinen und Geräten nutzen i. A. die Wandlung elektrischer, thermischer, chemischer oder mechanischer Energie in die jeweils benötigte Energieform. Dabei muss die Steuerung und Regelung des Energieflusses sowie des Gesamtprozesses aufgrund der zunehmenden Komplexität technischer Systeme eine hohe Flexibilität aufweisen. Dies erfordert, dass die messtechnische Erfassung von Prozess‐ und Störgrößen möglichst vollständig durch Sensoren gesichert ist sowie eine intelligente Informationsverarbeitung erfolgt. Demgemäß ist eine Festverdrahtung analoger Baugruppen nur noch selten anzutreffen. Meist werden Digitalrechner eingesetzt, wodurch die gesamte Informationstechnik zur Anwendung gelangt. Die Wissensbasis des Fachgebiets Mechatronik umfasst daher gegenwärtig folgende Gebiete: Informationsverarbeitung, Maschinenbau und Feinwerktechnik sowie Elektrotechnik und Elektronik (vgl. Abb. 37.1). Ziel ist es dabei, durch Verknüpfung und integrativen Einsatz dieser Wissensgebiete eine ganzheitliche und übergreifende Denkweise zu erreichen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass – produktgetrieben – zukünftig weitere Disziplinen, z. B. Mikrosystemtechnik und Werkstoffwissenschaft, in die Wissensbasis und Methodik der Mechatronik mit einbezogen werden.

ACS Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Heinz Lehr; Jan Hummel. Mechatronische und regelungstechnische Systeme. Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen 2020, 795 -804.

AMA Style

Dietmar Göhlich, Heinz Lehr, Jan Hummel. Mechatronische und regelungstechnische Systeme. Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen. 2020; ():795-804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Heinz Lehr; Jan Hummel. 2020. "Mechatronische und regelungstechnische Systeme." Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen , no. : 795-804.

Chapter
Published: 27 November 2020 in Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen
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Ausgangspunkt der Entwicklung mechatronischer und geregelter Systeme ist die Erfassung der physikalischen (realen) Struktur eines Systems sowie die analytische Beschreibung seines statischen und dynamischen Verhaltens anhand eines geeigneten mathematischen Modells. Bei genauer Kenntnis der Funktion einzelner Komponenten eines Systems sowie des Prozesses kann die Modellbildung auf rein theoretischer Basis erfolgen. Häufig ist es jedoch notwendig, experimentelle Daten zur Modellbildung mit einzubeziehen. Dies kann z. B. bei Komponenten und Subsystemen erforderlich sein, deren Verhalten sich nicht analytisch beschreiben lässt. Bei der experimentellen Modellbildung (Identifikation) werden Kennwerte oder Übertragungsfunktionen ermittelt, mit dem Ziel einfache Parameterbeschreibungen von Eingangs-Ausgangs-Abhängigkeiten des Gesamtsystems oder von Teilsystemen zu erhalten [1, 2]. Die Beschreibung des Gesamtprozesses geschieht auf der Basis von Block- und Flussdiagrammen [3]. Kritisches Verhalten lässt sich durch Computersimulation betrachten.

ACS Style

Rainer Scheuring; Dietmar Göhlich; Michael Bongards; Helmut Reinhardt. Modellierung. Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen 2020, 763 -778.

AMA Style

Rainer Scheuring, Dietmar Göhlich, Michael Bongards, Helmut Reinhardt. Modellierung. Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen. 2020; ():763-778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rainer Scheuring; Dietmar Göhlich; Michael Bongards; Helmut Reinhardt. 2020. "Modellierung." Dubbel Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau 2: Anwendungen , no. : 763-778.

Preprint
Published: 10 November 2020
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This paper establishes a prognosis of the long term environmental impact of various car subsidy concepts. The CO2 emissions of the German car fleet impacted by the purchase subsidies are determined. A balance model of the CO2 emissions of the whole car life cycle is developed. Consideration of production-, use- and End-of-Life processes are taken into account. The implementation of different subsidy scenarios directly affects the forecasted composition of the vehicle population and therefore the resulting life cycle assessment. All scenarios compensate the additional emissions required by the production pull-in within the considered period and hence reduce the accumulated CO2 emissions until 2030. The exclusive funding of BEVs is most effective with a break-even in 2025.

ACS Style

Malte Scharf; Ludger Heide; Alexander Grahle; Anne Syré; Dietmar Göhlich. Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts to Stimulate Car Sales in Germany. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Malte Scharf, Ludger Heide, Alexander Grahle, Anne Syré, Dietmar Göhlich. Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts to Stimulate Car Sales in Germany. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malte Scharf; Ludger Heide; Alexander Grahle; Anne Syré; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "Environmental Impact of Subsidy Concepts to Stimulate Car Sales in Germany." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2020 in Sustainability
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The transport sector in Germany causes one-quarter of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. One potential solution to reduce these emissions is the use of battery electric vehicles. Although a number of life cycle assessments have been conducted for these vehicles, the influence of a transport system-wide transition has not been addressed sufficiently. Therefore, we developed a method which combines life cycle assessment with an agent-based transport simulation and synthetic electric-, diesel- and gasoline-powered vehicle models. We use a transport simulation to obtain the number of vehicles, their lifetime mileage and road-specific consumption. Subsequently, we analyze the product systems’ vehicle production, use phase and end-of-life. The results are scaled depending on the covered distance, the vehicle weight and the consumption for the whole life cycle. The results indicate that the sole transition of drive trains is insufficient to significantly lower the greenhouse gas emissions. However, sensitivity analyses demonstrate that there is a considerable potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with higher shares of renewable energies, a different vehicle distribution and a higher lifetime mileage. The method facilitates the assessment of the ecological impacts of complete car-based transportation in urban agglomerations and is able to analyze different transport sectors.

ACS Style

Anne Syré; Florian Heining; Dietmar Göhlich. Method for a Multi-Vehicle, Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin’s Motorized Individual Transport. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7302 .

AMA Style

Anne Syré, Florian Heining, Dietmar Göhlich. Method for a Multi-Vehicle, Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin’s Motorized Individual Transport. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Syré; Florian Heining; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "Method for a Multi-Vehicle, Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin’s Motorized Individual Transport." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7302.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2020 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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Bus operators around the world are facing the transformation of their fleets from fossil-fuelled to electric buses. Two technologies prevail: Depot charging and opportunity charging at terminal stops. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is an important metric for the decision between the two technologies; however, most TCO studies for electric bus systems rely on generalised route data and simplifying assumptions that may not reflect local conditions. In particular, the need to reschedule vehicle operations to satisfy electric buses’ range and charging time constraints is commonly disregarded. We present a simulation tool based on discrete-event simulation to determine the vehicle, charging infrastructure, energy and staff demand required to electrify real-world bus networks. These results are then passed to a TCO model. A greedy scheduling algorithm is developed to plan vehicle schedules suitable for electric buses. Scheduling and simulation are coupled with a genetic algorithm to determine cost-optimised charging locations for opportunity charging. A case study is carried out in which we analyse the electrification of a metropolitan bus network consisting of 39 lines with 4748 passenger trips per day. The results generally favour opportunity charging over depot charging in terms of TCO; however, under some circumstances, the technologies are on par. This emphasises the need for a detailed analysis of the local bus network in order to make an informed procurement decision.

ACS Style

Dominic Jefferies; Dietmar Göhlich. A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2020, 11, 56 .

AMA Style

Dominic Jefferies, Dietmar Göhlich. A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2020; 11 (3):56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominic Jefferies; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 3: 56.

Preprint
Published: 29 July 2020
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Bus operators around the world are facing the transformation of their fleets from fossil-fuelled to electric buses. Two technologies prevail: Depot charging and opportunity charging at terminal stops. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is an important metric for the decision between the two technologies, however, most TCO studies for electric bus systems rely on generalised route data and simplifying assumptions that may not reflect local conditions. In particular, the need to re-schedule vehicle operations to satisfy electric buses’ range and charging time constraints is commonly disregarded. We present a simulation tool based on discrete-event simulation to determine the vehicle, charging infrastructure, energy and staff demand required to electrify real-world bus networks. These results are then passed to a TCO model. A greedy scheduling algorithm is developed to plan vehicle schedules suitable for electric buses. Scheduling and simulation are coupled with a genetic algorithm to determine cost-optimised charging locations for opportunity charging. A case study is carried out in which we analyse the electrification of a metropolitan bus network consisting of 39 lines with 4748 passenger trips per day. The results generally favour opportunity charging over depot charging in terms of TCO, however, under some circumstances, the technologies are on par. This emphasises the need for detailed analysis of the local bus network in order to make an informed procurement decision.

ACS Style

Dominic Jefferies; Dietmar Göhlich. A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Dominic Jefferies, Dietmar Göhlich. A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominic Jefferies; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 28 July 2020
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The transport sector in Germany causes one-quarter of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. One potential solution to reduce these emissions is the use of battery electric vehicles. Although a number of life cycle assessments have been conducted for these vehicles, the influence of a transport system wide transition has not been researched sufficiently. Therefore, we developed a method which combines life cycle assessment with an agent-based transport simulation and synthetic electric, diesel and gasoline powered vehicle models. We use the transport simulation to obtain the number of vehicles, their lifetime mileage and road-specific consumption. Subsequently we analyze the product systems’ vehicle production, use phase and End-of-Life. The results are scaled depending on the covered distance, the vehicle weight and the consumption for the whole life cycle. The results indicate that the sole transition of drive trains is insufficient to significantly lower the greenhouse gas emissions. However, sensitivity analyses demonstrate that there is a considerable potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with higher shares of renewable energies, a different vehicle distribution and a higher lifetime mileage. The method facilitates the assessment of the ecological impacts of the complete car based transportation in urban agglomerations and is able to analyze different transport sectors.

ACS Style

Anne Magdalene Syré; Florian Heining; Dietmar Göhlich. Method for a Multi-vehicle, Simulation-based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin's Motorized Individual Transport. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Anne Magdalene Syré, Florian Heining, Dietmar Göhlich. Method for a Multi-vehicle, Simulation-based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin's Motorized Individual Transport. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Magdalene Syré; Florian Heining; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "Method for a Multi-vehicle, Simulation-based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin's Motorized Individual Transport." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Control Engineering Practice
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This paper proposes a fast model predictive control allocation (MPCA) approach to minimize the tire slip power loss on contact patches for distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEV). In this strategy, two assumptions are set up from a practical focus: (1) the vehicle acceleration and yaw rate are measurable by global position system (GPS)/ inertial navigation system (INS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU), respectively; (2) the longitudinal velocity, road adhesion factor, and vehicle yaw rate are arranged to be “already known” by advanced estimators. For the strategy design, a CarSim-embedded driver model and a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based direct yaw moment controller, are respectively applied to calculate the desired longitudinal traction and yaw moment as a virtual input first. Then, a MPCA method is proposed to reasonably distribute the virtual input among four in-wheel motors in order to optimize the tire slip power loss and vehicle stability performance. To accurately characterize tire slip power loss in MPCA, a tire slip estimator is established for tire slip information acquirement. Moreover, addressing on the heavily computational challenge in MPCA, a modified continuation/generalized minimal residual (C/GMRES) algorithm is employed. Since the traditional C/GMRES algorithm cannot directly solve the inequality constraint problem, the barrier functions are applied for transforming the inequality constraints to equivalent cost. According to Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) conditions, the existence and uniqueness for solution of the modified C/GMRES algorithm are strictly proved. Subsequently, a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker​ (KKT) condition based approach is developed to fast gain the optimally initial solution in C/GMRES algorithm for extending application. Finally, numerical simulation validations are implemented and demonstrate that the proposed MPCA can ensure the compatibility between the tire slip power loss reduction and vehicle stability in a computationally efficient way.

ACS Style

Ningyuan Guo; Xudong Zhang; Yuan Zou; Basilio Lenzo; Tao Zhang; Dietmar Göhlich. A fast model predictive control allocation of distributed drive electric vehicles for tire slip energy saving with stability constraints. Control Engineering Practice 2020, 102, 104554 .

AMA Style

Ningyuan Guo, Xudong Zhang, Yuan Zou, Basilio Lenzo, Tao Zhang, Dietmar Göhlich. A fast model predictive control allocation of distributed drive electric vehicles for tire slip energy saving with stability constraints. Control Engineering Practice. 2020; 102 ():104554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ningyuan Guo; Xudong Zhang; Yuan Zou; Basilio Lenzo; Tao Zhang; Dietmar Göhlich. 2020. "A fast model predictive control allocation of distributed drive electric vehicles for tire slip energy saving with stability constraints." Control Engineering Practice 102, no. : 104554.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in Wind Energy Science
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We have developed a tow test setup for the reproducible measurement of the dynamic properties of different types of tethered membrane wings. The test procedure is based on repeatable automated maneuvers with the entire kite system under realistic conditions. By measuring line forces and line angles, we determine the aerodynamic coefficients and lift-to-drag ratio as functions of the length ratio between power and steering lines. This nondimensional parameter characterizes the angle of attack of the wing and is varied automatically by the control unit on the towed test bench. During each towing run, several test cycles are executed such that mean values can be determined and errors can be minimized. We can conclude from this study that an objective measurement of specific dynamic properties of highly flexible membrane wings is feasible. The presented tow test method is suitable for quantitatively assessing and comparing different wing designs. The method represents an essential milestone for the development and characterization of tethered membrane wings as well as for the validation and improvement of simulation models. On the basis of this work, more complex maneuvers and a full degree of automation can be implemented in subsequent work. It can also be used for aerodynamic parameter identification.

ACS Style

Jan Hummel; Dietmar Göhlich; Roland Schmehl. Automatic measurement and characterization of the dynamic properties of tethered membrane wings. Wind Energy Science 2019, 4, 41 -55.

AMA Style

Jan Hummel, Dietmar Göhlich, Roland Schmehl. Automatic measurement and characterization of the dynamic properties of tethered membrane wings. Wind Energy Science. 2019; 4 (1):41-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Hummel; Dietmar Göhlich; Roland Schmehl. 2019. "Automatic measurement and characterization of the dynamic properties of tethered membrane wings." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 1: 41-55.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2019 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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For the purpose of utilizing electric bus fleets in metropolitan areas and with regard to providing active energy management at depots, a profound understanding of the transactions between the market entities involved in the charging process is given. The paper examines sophisticated charging strategies with energy procurements in joint market operation. Here, operation procedures and characteristics of a depot including the physical layout and utilization of appropriate charging infrastructure are investigated. A comprehensive model framework for a virtual power plant (VPP) is formulated and developed to integrate electric bus fleets in the power plant portfolio, enabling the provision of power system services. The proposed methodology is verified in numerical analysis by providing optimized dispatch schedules in day-ahead and intraday market operations.

ACS Style

Andreas F. Raab; Enrico Lauth; Kai Strunz; Dietmar Göhlich. Implementation Schemes for Electric Bus Fleets at Depots with Optimized Energy Procurements in Virtual Power Plant Operations. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019, 10, 5 .

AMA Style

Andreas F. Raab, Enrico Lauth, Kai Strunz, Dietmar Göhlich. Implementation Schemes for Electric Bus Fleets at Depots with Optimized Energy Procurements in Virtual Power Plant Operations. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2019; 10 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas F. Raab; Enrico Lauth; Kai Strunz; Dietmar Göhlich. 2019. "Implementation Schemes for Electric Bus Fleets at Depots with Optimized Energy Procurements in Virtual Power Plant Operations." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1: 5.

Chapter
Published: 02 October 2018 in Dubbel Handbook of Mechanical Engineering
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Mechanische Systeme in Form von Maschinen und Geräten nutzen i. A. die Wandlung elektrischer, thermischer, chemischer oder mechanischer Energie in die jeweils benötigte Energieform. Dabei muss die Steuerung und Regelung des Energieflusses sowie des Gesamtprozesses aufgrund der zunehmenden Komplexität technischer Systeme eine hohe Flexibilität aufweisen. Dies erfordert, dass die messtechnische Erfassung von Prozess‐ und Störgrößen möglichst vollständig durch Sensoren gesichert ist sowie eine intelligente Informationsverarbeitung erfolgt. Demgemäß ist eine Festverdrahtung analoger Baugruppen nur noch selten anzutreffen. Meist werden Digitalrechner eingesetzt, wodurch die gesamte Informationstechnik zur Anwendung gelangt. Die Wissensbasis des Fachgebiets Mechatronik umfasst daher gegenwärtig folgende Gebiete: Informationsverarbeitung, Maschinenbau und Feinwerktechnik sowie Elektrotechnik und Elektronik (vgl. Bild 1). Ziel ist es dabei, durch Verknüpfung und integrativen Einsatz dieser Wissensgebiete eine ganzheitliche und übergreifende Denkweise zu erreichen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass – produktgetrieben – zukünftig weitere Disziplinen, z. B. Mikrosystemtechnik und Werkstoffwissenschaft, in die Wissensbasis und Methodik der Mechatronik mit einbezogen werden.

ACS Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Heinz Lehr; Jan Hummel. Mechatronische und regelungstechnische Systeme. Dubbel Handbook of Mechanical Engineering 2018, 1985 -1991.

AMA Style

Dietmar Göhlich, Heinz Lehr, Jan Hummel. Mechatronische und regelungstechnische Systeme. Dubbel Handbook of Mechanical Engineering. 2018; ():1985-1991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dietmar Göhlich; Heinz Lehr; Jan Hummel. 2018. "Mechatronische und regelungstechnische Systeme." Dubbel Handbook of Mechanical Engineering , no. : 1985-1991.