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The widespread environmental contamination of chlorpyrifos (CP) has raised human health concerns and necessitated cost-effective methods for its remediation. The current study evaluated the degradation behavior of CP in compost and biochar amended and unamended (original and sterilized) soils in an incubation trial. Two levels of CP (100 and 200 mg kg-1), compost and biochar (0.50%) were applied, and soil was collected at different time intervals. At the higher CP level (200 mg kg-1), CP a showed lower degradation rate (ƙ = 0.0102 mg kg-1 d-1) compared with a low CP level (ƙ = 0.0173 mg kg-1 d-1). The half-lives of CP were 40 and 68 days for CP at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 in original soil, respectively, and increased to 94 and 141 days in sterilized soils. CP degradation was accelerated in compost amended soils, while suppressed in biochar amended soils. Lower half lives of 20 and 37 days were observed with compost application at CP 100 and 200 mg kg-1 doses, respectively. The activities of soil enzymes were considerably affected by the CP contamination and significantly recovered in compost and biochar amended soils. In conclusion, the application of organic amendments especially compost is an important strategy for the remediation of CP contaminated soil.
Humera Aziz; Xiukang Wang; Ghulam Murtaza; Ambreen Ashar; Sarfraz Hussain; Muhammad Abid; Behzad Murtaza; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9695 .
AMA StyleHumera Aziz, Xiukang Wang, Ghulam Murtaza, Ambreen Ashar, Sarfraz Hussain, Muhammad Abid, Behzad Murtaza, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Sajid Fiaz, Shafaqat Ali. Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHumera Aziz; Xiukang Wang; Ghulam Murtaza; Ambreen Ashar; Sarfraz Hussain; Muhammad Abid; Behzad Murtaza; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9695.
Sunflower occupies the fourth position among oilseed crops the around the world. Eceriferum (CER) is an important gene family that plays critical role in very-long-chain fatty acids elongation and biosynthesis of epicuticular waxes under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of sunflower CER genes during drought stress condition. Thus, comparative analysis was undertaken for sunflower CER genes with Arabidopsis genome to determine phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal mapping, gene structures, gene ontology and conserved motifs. Furthermore, we subjected the sunflower cultivars under drought stress and used qRT-PCR analysis to explore the expression pattern of CER genes during drought conditions. We identified thirty-seven unevenly distributed CER genes in the sunflower genome. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that CER genes were grouped into seven clades in Arabidopsis, Helianthus annuus, and Gossypium hirsutum. Expression analysis showed that genes CER10 and CER60 were upregulated in sunflower during drought conditions, indicating that these genes are activated during drought stress. The results obtained will serve to characterize the CER gene family in sunflower and exploit the role of these genes in wax biosynthesis under limited water conditions.
Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad; Xiukang Wang; Sajid Fiaz; Mahmood- Ur- Rahman; Muhammad Azhar Nadeem; Sher Aslam Khan; Sunny Ahmar; Farrukh Azeem; Tayyaba Shaheen; Freddy Mora-Poblete. Comprehensive genomics and expression analysis of eceriferum (CER) genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHafiz Muhammad Ahmad, Xiukang Wang, Sajid Fiaz, Mahmood- Ur- Rahman, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Sher Aslam Khan, Sunny Ahmar, Farrukh Azeem, Tayyaba Shaheen, Freddy Mora-Poblete. Comprehensive genomics and expression analysis of eceriferum (CER) genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Muhammad Ahmad; Xiukang Wang; Sajid Fiaz; Mahmood- Ur- Rahman; Muhammad Azhar Nadeem; Sher Aslam Khan; Sunny Ahmar; Farrukh Azeem; Tayyaba Shaheen; Freddy Mora-Poblete. 2021. "Comprehensive genomics and expression analysis of eceriferum (CER) genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.
Basmati rice is increasingly recognized and consumed in different parts of the world due to its different tastes and nutritional properties. This research focused on determining the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) content in locally grown basmati rice in Pakistan and assessing the risks of these values to human health. Root, shoot and grain samples of basmati rice were taken, along with soil samples from the five regions studied. Metal mean concentrations (mg/kg) in grains fluctuated from 2.70 to 9.80 for Cd, 4.80 to 9.85 for Zn, 1.16 to 1.46 for Cu, 1.84 to 10.86 for Co, 2.05 to 13.07 for Fe, 5.03 to 11.11 for Mn and 3.24 to 13.28 for Ni, respectively. All metal values were within permissible limits except for Cd. The enrichment factor for Cd was highest among all sites. Cobalt and zinc had the highest bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The highest enrichment factor was noticed for Cd and the lowest for Cu. The health risk index at all examined sites was less than one. Consistent examination is recommended to limit health hazards instigated by the use of rice polluted with a greater concentration of Cd.
Farah Tariq; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Zafar Khan; Kafeel Ahmad; Ifra Saleem Malik; Mudasra Munir; Shehzadi Mahpara; Naunain Mehmood; Tasneem Ahmad; Hafsa Memona; Ilker Ugulu; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8513 .
AMA StyleFarah Tariq, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Saleem, Zafar Khan, Kafeel Ahmad, Ifra Saleem Malik, Mudasra Munir, Shehzadi Mahpara, Naunain Mehmood, Tasneem Ahmad, Hafsa Memona, Ilker Ugulu, Sajid Fiaz, Shafaqat Ali. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8513.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarah Tariq; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Zafar Khan; Kafeel Ahmad; Ifra Saleem Malik; Mudasra Munir; Shehzadi Mahpara; Naunain Mehmood; Tasneem Ahmad; Hafsa Memona; Ilker Ugulu; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8513.
Pakistan faces challenges in both food and energy security. Indeed, extensive literature suggests that food and energy security are interdependent. While acknowledging that food security is still a primary concern for Pakistan, energy security is also a major issue. It is crucial to develop sustainable energy sources for energy production. Among sustainable sources, biomass is a promising source that can be effectively used for environmentally friendly energy production. This article addresses the energy issues and potential solutions using crop residues, non-edible energy crops, and animal and municipal solid wastes in Pakistan. The current research challenges, relevant industries, opportunities, and the future share of energy production derived from renewable and sustainable sources are emphasized with a focus on the potential of biomass energy. This article shows that Pakistan has considerable potential to develop bioenergy crops on marginal lands without compromising food security, with considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits. Pakistan has vast biomass resources, including crop residues, animal waste, municipal solid waste, and forest residues, which collectively produce 230 billion tons of biomass annually. There are about 72 million bovines (cows and buffaloes), 81 million tons per year of crop biomass, and about 785 million birds in poultry farms across the country. Land that is currently non-productive could be used for energy crops, and this has the potential to produce 2500–3000 MW of energy. The utilization of waste cooking oil and fats is the most economically feasible option for obtaining biodiesel due to its easy and almost free availability in Pakistan. Systematic management is needed to collect this huge quantity of waste cooking oil and efficiently convert it to biodiesel. Similarly, molasses may be a promising source for bioethanol production. Furthermore, this study suggests that Pakistan’s energy policies need to be amended to ensure that the energy supply meets the demand. In the future, massive energy projects on biomass-based bioenergy need to be implemented in Pakistan. To achieve its bioenergy potential, Pakistan needs to develop incentive-based bioenergy technologies. Moreover, this objective can only be achieved in the country by initiating R&D projects to promote advanced biomass conversion technologies, such as biogas plants and combustion systems.
Athar Mahmood; Xiukang Wang; Ahmad Shahzad; Sajid Fiaz; Habib Ali; Maria Naqve; Muhammad Javaid; Sahar Mumtaz; Mehwish Naseer; Renji Dong. Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8438 .
AMA StyleAthar Mahmood, Xiukang Wang, Ahmad Shahzad, Sajid Fiaz, Habib Ali, Maria Naqve, Muhammad Javaid, Sahar Mumtaz, Mehwish Naseer, Renji Dong. Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8438.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAthar Mahmood; Xiukang Wang; Ahmad Shahzad; Sajid Fiaz; Habib Ali; Maria Naqve; Muhammad Javaid; Sahar Mumtaz; Mehwish Naseer; Renji Dong. 2021. "Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8438.
The supply of nutrients and proximate matter is insufficient to fulfil the dietary needs of the quickly expanding human population. Green leafy vegetables can prove economical sources of minerals, vitamins and fibers to overcome nutritional deficiencies. Five leafy vegetables (Brassica juncea, Spinacia oleracea, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Chenopodium album and Lactuca sativa) were collected from a horticulture garden and vegetable market for the evaluation of their proximate matter and nutritional composition. Their contents of proximate (moisture, ash, fats, fibers, carbohydrates and protein), minerals (Ca2+, K+ and P+) and anti-nutrients were examined using standard protocols. The contents of fats (0.43 mg g−1f.w.) in S. oleracea; fibers (0.8 mg g−1f.w.) in S. olerace; carbohydrates (0.89 mg g−1f.w.); in B. juncea, proteins (0.91 mg g−1f.w.) in L. sativa; and vitamin A (1.18 mg g−1f.w.) in C. album from the horticulture garden were high enough to meet the daily dietary requirements of adults. Tannins were higher in species collected from the market, which is toxic for human health. It is concluded that vegetables of horticulture garden grown in suitable environmental conditions possess better nutritional composition as compared to vegetables purchased from markets. However, a large-scale research is needed for the analysis of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, anti-nutrients and heavy metals in leafy vegetables. Further research on ethnomedicinal attributes of leafy vegetables is recommended.
Mobeen; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Abida Parveen; Sahar Mumtaz; Amara Hassan; Muhammad Adnan; Sajid Fiaz; Sajjad Ali; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Yasin. Proximate Composition and Nutritive Value of Some Leafy Vegetables from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8444 .
AMA StyleMobeen, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Saleem, Abida Parveen, Sahar Mumtaz, Amara Hassan, Muhammad Adnan, Sajid Fiaz, Sajjad Ali, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Yasin. Proximate Composition and Nutritive Value of Some Leafy Vegetables from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMobeen; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Abida Parveen; Sahar Mumtaz; Amara Hassan; Muhammad Adnan; Sajid Fiaz; Sajjad Ali; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Yasin. 2021. "Proximate Composition and Nutritive Value of Some Leafy Vegetables from Faisalabad, Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8444.
Application of nanotechnology is crucial for a sustainable increase in food production to cope with the increasing food demand of the burgeoning population. Wheat production has to increase significantly for food security in Pakistan with the help of nanotechnology. In biological systems, utilization of nanoparticles has been increased due to their growth-promoting effects on germination, photosynthetic attributes, nutrient use efficiency and metabolic activities. An experiment was conducted with the objective to establish a relationship between growth parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity in response to silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). Application of Ag (20 mg/L) and Au NPs (10 mg/L) significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Consequently, growth parameters: fresh and dry biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll (a, b) and total chlorophyll contents, also increased significantly. These results suggest that application of Ag and Au NPs has the potential to promote wheat growth through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.
Abdul Manaf; Xiukang Wang; Fatima Tariq; Hafiz Jhanzab; Yamin Bibi; Ahmad Sher; Abdul Razzaq; Sajid Fiaz; Sikander Tanveer; Abdul Qayyum. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Correlated with Growth Parameters of Wheat Sprayed with Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Suspensions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1494 .
AMA StyleAbdul Manaf, Xiukang Wang, Fatima Tariq, Hafiz Jhanzab, Yamin Bibi, Ahmad Sher, Abdul Razzaq, Sajid Fiaz, Sikander Tanveer, Abdul Qayyum. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Correlated with Growth Parameters of Wheat Sprayed with Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Suspensions. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1494.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Manaf; Xiukang Wang; Fatima Tariq; Hafiz Jhanzab; Yamin Bibi; Ahmad Sher; Abdul Razzaq; Sajid Fiaz; Sikander Tanveer; Abdul Qayyum. 2021. "Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Correlated with Growth Parameters of Wheat Sprayed with Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Suspensions." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1494.
This study was done to analyze the cryoprotective influence of ovalbumin (OVA) with kappa-carrageenan (KC) in grass carp myofibrillar proteins during frozen storage. Ca2+-ATPase activity of MP was significantly reduced due to protein denaturation and showed a direct association with decreased sulphydryl (SH) contents and tertiary structural properties. Besides that, an increase in carbonyl, surface hydrophobicity, and dityrosine contents was observed. The addition of OVA-KC significantly restricted the decline in Ca2+-ATPase and SH groups, which were further confirmed by the retarded increase in carbonyls. Furthermore, the addition of OVA-KC increased the stability of α-helix contents. Moreover, MP treated with 6% OVA-KC also improved intermolecular interaction forces linked with gelling and water holding properties of MP. Therefore, it can be concluded that OVA-KC could be used as an effective cryoprotectant in fish and related products for preservation and commercialization.
Noman Walayat; Xiukang Wang; Asad Nawaz; Zhongli Zhang; Abdullah Abdullah; Ibrahim Khalifa; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Bilal Sajid Mushtaq; Mirian Pateiro; José M. Lorenzo; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. Ovalbumin and Kappa-Carrageenan Mixture Suppresses the Oxidative and Structural Changes in the Myofibrillar Proteins of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Frozen Storage. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1186 .
AMA StyleNoman Walayat, Xiukang Wang, Asad Nawaz, Zhongli Zhang, Abdullah Abdullah, Ibrahim Khalifa, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Bilal Sajid Mushtaq, Mirian Pateiro, José M. Lorenzo, Sajid Fiaz, Shafaqat Ali. Ovalbumin and Kappa-Carrageenan Mixture Suppresses the Oxidative and Structural Changes in the Myofibrillar Proteins of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Frozen Storage. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoman Walayat; Xiukang Wang; Asad Nawaz; Zhongli Zhang; Abdullah Abdullah; Ibrahim Khalifa; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Bilal Sajid Mushtaq; Mirian Pateiro; José M. Lorenzo; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Ovalbumin and Kappa-Carrageenan Mixture Suppresses the Oxidative and Structural Changes in the Myofibrillar Proteins of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Frozen Storage." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1186.
Abiotic stresses (AbS), such as drought, salinity, and thermal stresses, could highly affect the growth and development of plants. For decades, researchers have attempted to unravel the mechanisms of AbS for enhancing the corresponding tolerance of plants, especially for crop production in agriculture. In the present communication, we summarized the significant factors (atmosphere, soil and water) of AbS, their regulations, and integrated omics in the most important cereal crops in the world, especially rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize. It has been suggested that using systems biology and advanced sequencing approaches in genomics could help solve the AbS response in cereals. An emphasis was given to holistic approaches such as, bioinformatics and functional omics, gene mining and agronomic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and transcription factors (TFs) family with respect to AbS. In addition, the development of omics studies has improved to address the identification of AbS responsive genes and it enables the interaction between signaling pathways, molecular insights, novel traits and their significance in cereal crops. This review compares AbS mechanisms to omics and bioinformatics resources to provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms. Moreover, further studies are needed to obtain the information from the integrated omics databases to understand the AbS mechanisms for the development of large spectrum AbS-tolerant crop production.
Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics. Plants 2021, 10, 1472 .
AMA StyleRajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Lakkakula Satish, Shunmugiah Pandian, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunny Ahmar, Xiukang Wang, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Manikandan Ramesh. An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. 2021. "An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics." Plants 10, no. 7: 1472.
Because it is a staple food, sustainable production of wheat is crucial for global food security. Arid and semi-arid regions are worst affected by climate change, which has resulted in poor productivity of different crops, including wheat. To this end, this study aimed to investigate the effect of foliage-applied thiourea on the growth, yield, and nutritional-quality-related traits of bread wheat. The treatments consisted of thiourea levels (control, 500, and 1000 mg L−1) factorally combined with two diverse wheat cultivars (Gandam-1 and Galaxy-2013) at different growth stages (tillering, booting, and heading) and was repeated over two years. The analysis of the data shows that thiourea treatments and the cultivars significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth, nutritional quality traits, and morphological traits, and the interaction of the two factors was also significant. Improvement in productivity and nutritional quality was observed from the application of thiourea in both cultivars. Galaxy-2013 performed best at 1000 mg L−1 thiourea application for both productivity- and nutritional-quality-related traits at the heading stage. In conclusion, exogenous application of thiourea improves the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat on sandy loam soils in semi-arid regions; however, for wider recommendations, more trials may be conducted across various agro-ecological regions.
Ahmad Sher; Xiukang Wang; Abdul Sattar; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Nasrullah; Yamin Bibi; Abdul Manaf; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. Exogenous Application of Thiourea for Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy 2021, 11, 1432 .
AMA StyleAhmad Sher, Xiukang Wang, Abdul Sattar, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Nasrullah, Yamin Bibi, Abdul Manaf, Sajid Fiaz, Abdul Qayyum. Exogenous Application of Thiourea for Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Sher; Xiukang Wang; Abdul Sattar; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Nasrullah; Yamin Bibi; Abdul Manaf; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. 2021. "Exogenous Application of Thiourea for Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1432.
The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of different doses (100, 300, and 500 mJ) of low power He–Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation on seed germination and thermodynamics attributes and activities of potential germinating enzymes in relation with changes in seed metabolites. He–Ne laser seed irradiation increased the amylase (Amy), protease (Pro) and glucosidase (Gluco) activities, with a significant improvement in seed thermodynamics and seed germination attributes. A fast increase was found in free fatty acids (FFA), free amino acids (FAA), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), total soluble sugars (TSS) and reducing sugars (RS) in laser treated seeds in parallel with fast decline in seed oil contents and total soluble proteins (TSP). Significant positive correlations were recorded in laser-induced enhanced seed energy levels, germination, activities of germination enzymes with levels of FAA, FFA, Chl, TSS and RS, but a negative correlation with the levels of TSP and oil. In conclusion, the seed treatment with 100 and 300 mJ He–Ne laser was more effective to improve the seed germination potential associated with an improvement in seed energy levels due to increased activities of germination enzymes due to the speedy breakdown of seed reserves to simple metabolites as building blocks.
Rashida Perveen; Xiukang Wang; Yasir Jamil; Qasim Ali; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zakaria; Muhammad Afzaal; Rehan Kasana; Muhammad Saleem; Sajid Fiaz. Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He–Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1411 .
AMA StyleRashida Perveen, Xiukang Wang, Yasir Jamil, Qasim Ali, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Zakaria, Muhammad Afzaal, Rehan Kasana, Muhammad Saleem, Sajid Fiaz. Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He–Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashida Perveen; Xiukang Wang; Yasir Jamil; Qasim Ali; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zakaria; Muhammad Afzaal; Rehan Kasana; Muhammad Saleem; Sajid Fiaz. 2021. "Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He–Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1411.
Use of Plantago ovata Forsk leaf (also known as blond plantain or isabgol) extract is a novel approach for ameliorating water stress in various agronomic crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). To examine the potential roles of P. ovata extract (0, 20 and 40%) in increasing seed germination, plant growth, photosynthetic measurements, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response, ions uptake and the relationship between studied parameters, we investigated the impacts of its short-term seed priming on Z. mays L. elite cultivar “Cimmyt-Pak” under a control environment and a water deficit stress environment (induced by PEG). It was evident that water deficit stress conditions induced a negative impact on plant growth, stomatal properties and ion uptake in different organs of Z. mays. The decrease in growth-related attributes might be due to overproduction of oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also overcome by the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which increased under the water stress environment. However, seed priming with P. ovata extract positively increased germination rate and growth profile, and protected photosynthetic apparatus and stomatal properties by decreasing oxidative stress indicators and increasing activities of antioxidant compounds. Our results also depicted that the optimum concentration of P. ovata extract for Z. mays seedlings under water stress conditions was 20%, while a further increase in P. ovata extract (40%) induced a non-significant negative impact on growth and biomass of Z. mays seedling. In addition, the effect was more promising on Z. mays seedlings when grown under controlled conditions. Here, we concluded that the understanding of the role of seed priming with P. ovata extract in the increment of growth-related attributes, photosynthetic apparatus (Pn, Gs, Ts and Ci) and nutrient uptake (Ca2+, Fe2+, P and Mg2+) introduces new possibilities for their effective use in water deficit stress environments and shows a promising foundation for Z. mays tolerance against water deficit stress conditions.
Muhammad Nawaz; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Khan; Javaria Afzal; Sajid Fiaz; Sajjad Ali; Hasnain Ishaq; Aamir Khan; Nagina Rehman; Shadab Shaukat; Shafaqat Ali. Deciphering Plantago ovata Forsk Leaf Extract Mediated Distinct Germination, Growth and Physio-Biochemical Improvements under Water Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) at Early Growth Stage. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1404 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Nawaz, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Khan, Javaria Afzal, Sajid Fiaz, Sajjad Ali, Hasnain Ishaq, Aamir Khan, Nagina Rehman, Shadab Shaukat, Shafaqat Ali. Deciphering Plantago ovata Forsk Leaf Extract Mediated Distinct Germination, Growth and Physio-Biochemical Improvements under Water Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) at Early Growth Stage. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Nawaz; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Khan; Javaria Afzal; Sajid Fiaz; Sajjad Ali; Hasnain Ishaq; Aamir Khan; Nagina Rehman; Shadab Shaukat; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Deciphering Plantago ovata Forsk Leaf Extract Mediated Distinct Germination, Growth and Physio-Biochemical Improvements under Water Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) at Early Growth Stage." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1404.
As an antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) protects plants from salinity-induced oxidative bursts. This study was conducted twice to determine the effect of α-Toc as a foliar spray (at 0 (no spray), 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1) to improve the yield and biochemical constituents of fresh green capsules of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under salt stress (0 and 100 mM). Salt stress significantly reduced K+ and Ca2+ ion concentration and yield, whereas it increased H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+, glycine betaine (GB), total free proline, total phenolics, and the activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and protease in both okra varieties (Noori and Sabzpari). Foliar application of α-Toc significantly improved the yield in tested okra varieties by increasing the activity of antioxidants (CAT, GPX, SOD, and ascorbic acid), accumulation of GB, and total free proline in fruit tissues under saline and non-saline conditions. Moreover, α-Toc application as a foliar spray alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress by reducing Na+ concentration, MDA, and H2O2 levels and improving the uptake of K+ and Ca2+. Among the tested okra varieties, Noori performed better than Sabzpari across all physio-biochemical attributes. Of all the foliar-applied α-Toc levels, 200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1 were more effective in the amelioration of salinity-induced adverse effects in okra. Thus, we concluded that higher levels of α-Toc (200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1) combat salinity stress more effectively by boosting the antioxidant potential of okra plants.
Maria Naqve; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Shahbaz; Sajid Fiaz; Wardah Naqvi; Mehwish Naseer; Athar Mahmood; Habib Ali. Foliar Spray of Alpha-Tocopherol Modulates Antioxidant Potential of Okra Fruit under Salt Stress. Plants 2021, 10, 1382 .
AMA StyleMaria Naqve, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Shahbaz, Sajid Fiaz, Wardah Naqvi, Mehwish Naseer, Athar Mahmood, Habib Ali. Foliar Spray of Alpha-Tocopherol Modulates Antioxidant Potential of Okra Fruit under Salt Stress. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Naqve; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Shahbaz; Sajid Fiaz; Wardah Naqvi; Mehwish Naseer; Athar Mahmood; Habib Ali. 2021. "Foliar Spray of Alpha-Tocopherol Modulates Antioxidant Potential of Okra Fruit under Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 7: 1382.
The WRKY genes are one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) and play a crucial role in certain processes in plants including stress signaling, regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with stress responses, and other regulatory networks. This study aims to investigate the WRKY gene family in the C3 model plant, Oryza sativa L., using a genome-wide in silico expression analysis. Firstly, 104 WRKY TF family members were identified, and then their molecular properties and expression signatures were analyzed systematically. In silico spatio-temporal and hormonal expression profiling revealed the roles of OsWRKY genes and their dynamism in diverse developmental tissues and hormones, respectively. Comparative mapping between OsWRKY genes and their synteny with C4 panicoid genomes showed the evolutionary insights of the WRKY TF family. Interactions of OsWRKY coding gene sequences represented the complexity of abiotic stress (AbS) and their molecular cross-talks. The expression signature of 26 novel candidate genes in response to stresses exhibited the putative involvement of individual and combined AbS (CAbS) responses. These novel findings unravel the in-depth insights into OsWRKY TF genes and delineate the plant developmental metabolisms and their functional regulations in individual and CAbS conditions.
Rajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Sivakumar Adarshan; Muthukannan Lakshmi; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1301 .
AMA StyleRajendran Jeyasri, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Lakkakula Satish, Sivakumar Adarshan, Muthukannan Lakshmi, Shunmugiah Pandian, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunny Ahmar, Xiukang Wang, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Manikandan Ramesh. The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajendran Jeyasri; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Lakkakula Satish; Sivakumar Adarshan; Muthukannan Lakshmi; Shunmugiah Pandian; Jen-Tsung Chen; Sunny Ahmar; Xiukang Wang; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Manikandan Ramesh. 2021. "The Role of OsWRKY Genes in Rice When Faced with Single and Multiple Abiotic Stresses." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1301.
Pepper is one of the most important vegetables and spices in the world. Principal pungency is contributed by secondary metabolites called capsaicinoids, mainly synthesized in the placenta of pepper fruit. Various factors, including drought, limit pepper production. Flowering is one of the most sensitive stages affected by drought stress. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on different pepper genotypes at the flowering and pod formation stages. Hot pepper (Pusajuala and Ghotki) and Bell pepper (Green Wonder and PPE-311) genotypes were subjected to drought (35% field capacity) at two different stages (flowering (DF) and pod formation (DP) stage). In comparison, control plants were maintained at 65% field capacity. The data regarding flowering survival rates, antioxidant protein activity, and proline content, were collected. Results indicated that parameters like flower survival percentage, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight had significant differences among the genotypes in both treatments. A high proline level was observed in Green Wonder at the pod formation stage compared to other genotypes. Capsaicin contents of hot pepper genotypes were affected at the pod formation stage. Antioxidants like GPX were highly active (190 units) in Ghotki at pod formation. Bell pepper genotypes had a high APX activity, highly observed (100 units) in PPE-311 at pod formation, and significantly differ from hot pepper genotypes. In the catalase case, all the genotypes had the highest values in DP compared to control and DF, but Pusajuala (91 units) and Green Wonder (83 units) performed best compared to other genotypes. Overall, the results indicate that drought stress decreased reproductive growth parameters and pungency of pepper fruit as most of the plant energy was consumed in defense molecules (antioxidants). Therefore, water availability at the flowering and pod formation stage is critical to ensure good yield and pepper quality.
Tahir Mahmood; Rashid Rana; Sunny Ahmar; Saima Saeed; Asma Gulzar; Muhammad Khan; Fahad Wattoo; Xiukang Wang; Ferdinando Branca; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Gabrielle Mafra; Xionming Du. Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage. Plants 2021, 10, 1286 .
AMA StyleTahir Mahmood, Rashid Rana, Sunny Ahmar, Saima Saeed, Asma Gulzar, Muhammad Khan, Fahad Wattoo, Xiukang Wang, Ferdinando Branca, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Gabrielle Mafra, Xionming Du. Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahir Mahmood; Rashid Rana; Sunny Ahmar; Saima Saeed; Asma Gulzar; Muhammad Khan; Fahad Wattoo; Xiukang Wang; Ferdinando Branca; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Gabrielle Mafra; Xionming Du. 2021. "Effect of Drought Stress on Capsaicin and Antioxidant Contents in Pepper Genotypes at Reproductive Stage." Plants 10, no. 7: 1286.
The deficiency of nitrogen (N) in soil restricts agricultural productivity and its overdosage pollutes the atmosphere. Nitrogen is a vital component of protein, chlorophyll and various physiological processes. When it is applied at a recommended dose, it may be lost through fixation, leaching, volatilization and denitrification, etc. Therefore, there is a dire need to harmonize the supply of nitrogen according to crop and soil requirements. Under this situation, precision nitrogen management is one of the best options. GreenSeekerTM is an integrated optical sensor with a variable application rate and mapping system that measures crops’ nitrogen requirements. To ascertain the abovementioned facts, a research study was conducted at the National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, to examine the response of fodder oat to nitrogen management (N0 = control, N1 = 80 kg ha−1 basal dose, N2 = 40 + 40 kg ha−1 split doses, N3 = 40 kg ha−1 with one-time management with GreenSeekerTM and N4 = 20 kg ha−1 with two-time management with GreenSeekerTM) and seed rate (S1 = 80, S2 = 100, S3 = 120 and S4 = 140 kg ha−1). Data were recorded on the agronomic and physiological aspects of the crop and economic analysis was performed for GreenSeekerTM-based N application against the conventional recommended dose of nitrogen application. Mean values showed that greater number of tillers plant−1 (6), fresh weight (16572 kg) and photosynthetic rate (11.64 mmol m−2 s−1) were noted in the treatment N4 (20 kg ha−1 and two-time management with GreenSeekerTM). Greater plant height (70.8 cm) and leaf area (64.14 cm2) were recorded in treatment N2 (40 + 40 kg ha−1 split doses) as compared to the control. The effects of nitrogen on fodder oat were forecasted through NDVI. The results suggested that nitrogen treatment N4 (18 kg ha−1) managed by GreenSeeker in the PARC Oat cultivar produced the maximum NDVI value (0.68) at the booting stage among all treatments. The correlation of NDVI at the tillering and booting stages with green fodder yield was positive (R2 = 0.80). Therefore, the tillering and booting stages can be good depictive stages at early and later growth stages of fodder oat under the agro-climatic conditions of Islamabad, Pakistan. Based on the results, it is recommended to apply an initial dose of 20 kg ha−1 nitrogen along with two-time management with GreenSeekerTM for obtaining more green fodder yield in fodder oat. In Crux, with N1, a total of 80 kg ha−1 nitrogen was applied to achieve an estimated net profitability of USD 582.13. With N4, a total 58 kg ha−1 nitrogen was used to achieve a net profitability of USD 836.16; therefore, this treatment was found to be environmentally safe as compared to N1 (80 kg ha−1).
Junaid Shah; Xiukang Wang; Sami Khan; Sajjad Khan; Zulfiqar Gurmani; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. Optical-Sensor-Based Nitrogen Management in Oat for Yield Enhancement. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6955 .
AMA StyleJunaid Shah, Xiukang Wang, Sami Khan, Sajjad Khan, Zulfiqar Gurmani, Sajid Fiaz, Abdul Qayyum. Optical-Sensor-Based Nitrogen Management in Oat for Yield Enhancement. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunaid Shah; Xiukang Wang; Sami Khan; Sajjad Khan; Zulfiqar Gurmani; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. 2021. "Optical-Sensor-Based Nitrogen Management in Oat for Yield Enhancement." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6955.
Advances in genome editing technologies have tremendous potential to address the limitations of classical resistance breeding. CRISPR-Cas9 based gene editing has been applied successfully in plants to tolerate virus infections. In this study, we successfully tested CRISPR-Cas9 system to counteract cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by whitefly transmitted cotton leaf curl viruses (CLCuVs). We also analyzed the ability of CLCuV to escape the Cas9 endonuclease activity. Targeting overlapping genes of most prevalent CLCuVs with three gRNAs resulted in virus interference, as validated by low virus titer. Furthermore, multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 construct simultaneously targeting six genes of CLCuV, was found more effective to interfere with virus proliferation compared to targeting single region individually. Additionally, transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing multiple gRNAs simultaneously showed enhanced tolerance against CLCuV infection when compared to wild-type plants. T7 Endonuclease-I (T7EI) assay, showing indels in the CLCuV genome, confirmed the occurrence of double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA at target sequence induced by Cas9 endonuclease. We observed that targeting CLCuV genome at multiple sites simultaneously resulted in better interference, also with inefficient recovery of altered virus molecules. Next, we tested multiplex construct in cotton to interfere CLCuV infection. We found significant decrease in virus accumulation in cotton leaves co-infiltrated with multiplex cassette and virus compared to cotton leaves infiltrated with virus only. The results demonstrate future use of CRISPR-Cas9 system for engineering virus resistance in crops. Moreover, our results also advocate that resistance to mixed virus infections can be engineered using multiplex genome editing.
Muhammad Salman Mubarik; Xiukang Wang; Sultan Habibullah Khan; Aftab Ahmad; Zulqurnain Khan; Muhammad Waqas Amjid; Muhammad Khuram Razzaq; Zulfiqar Ali; Muhammad Tehseen Azhar. Engineering broad-spectrum resistance to cotton leaf curl disease by CRISPR-Cas9 based multiplex editing in plants. GM Crops & Food 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMuhammad Salman Mubarik, Xiukang Wang, Sultan Habibullah Khan, Aftab Ahmad, Zulqurnain Khan, Muhammad Waqas Amjid, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Tehseen Azhar. Engineering broad-spectrum resistance to cotton leaf curl disease by CRISPR-Cas9 based multiplex editing in plants. GM Crops & Food. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Salman Mubarik; Xiukang Wang; Sultan Habibullah Khan; Aftab Ahmad; Zulqurnain Khan; Muhammad Waqas Amjid; Muhammad Khuram Razzaq; Zulfiqar Ali; Muhammad Tehseen Azhar. 2021. "Engineering broad-spectrum resistance to cotton leaf curl disease by CRISPR-Cas9 based multiplex editing in plants." GM Crops & Food , no. : 1-12.
Weeds pose a great threat to crop production subsequently distressing the equilibrium of agro-ecological systems globally. Instead of relying on chemical weed control, there is a dire need to explore alternative eco-friendly agricultural practices for weed suppression and sustainable wheat production. Mulching being eco-friendly could potentially serve the purpose towards weed suppression organically. To check the usefulness of mulching, two-year studies were conducted under field conditions in Haripur, Pakistan, during 2014 and 2015 to elucidate the response of various mulching materials for weed control in wheat. Six mulch material treatments were used along with Buctril super (used as check) at the rate of 1.235 L ha−1 to control the most problematic weed species of wheat in Pakistan. Experiments were designed under randomized complete block design with four repeats. The analysis of data revealed a significant decrease in weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry plant biomass at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Buctril super at 1.235 L ha−1 and mulch of black plastic were used followed by sugarcane bagasse and dry leaves of mulberry, as compared with control (untreated). Higher density of weed, relative weed density, fresh and dry plant biomass were observed in test weed species of wheat where lentil was applied with wheat and dry leaves of mulberry were incorporated. Net economic benefits in the form of benefit cost ratio (2.55) were higher where grass clippings were applied followed by sugarcane bagasse (2.43), mulberry leaves (2.49), while the lowest net economic benefits (1.72) were obtained when lentil (grown as live mulch crop) with wheat was intercropped. It was concluded from the study that sugarcane bagasse and grass clippings could be a source to control weeds in the wheat with a minimum cost of production at Haripur, Pakistan, and similar agro-climatic environment.
Sami Khan; Xiukang Wang; Tariq Mehmood; Sohail Latıf; Saftain Khan; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Mulching for Weed Suppression in Wheat under Rain-Fed Conditions of Haripur, Pakistan. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1131 .
AMA StyleSami Khan, Xiukang Wang, Tariq Mehmood, Sohail Latıf, Saftain Khan, Sajid Fiaz, Abdul Qayyum. Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Mulching for Weed Suppression in Wheat under Rain-Fed Conditions of Haripur, Pakistan. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSami Khan; Xiukang Wang; Tariq Mehmood; Sohail Latıf; Saftain Khan; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. 2021. "Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Mulching for Weed Suppression in Wheat under Rain-Fed Conditions of Haripur, Pakistan." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1131.
Zinc (Zn) is critical for the activity of many enzymes including involved photosynthetic CO2 fixation and indirectly involved in the production of growth hormones and internode elongation in crop plants. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effectiveness of the Zn blended, Zn coated and bio-activated Zn coated urea on the growth, physiological, yield, and quality of wheat. Three types of urea were prepared including bio-activated Zn coated, Zn coated and Zn blended urea. The bio-activated Zn coated urea was prepared by inoculating the powdered organic material with Zn solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus sp. AZ6) and then this material was mixed with ZnO. This bioactive Zn was coated on urea at the rate to formulate 1.5% bio-activated Zn coated urea. Moreover, Zn blended urea was prepared by mixing powder ZnO with urea while Zn coated urea with 1.5% Zn was prepared by mixing ZnO and urea under proper moisture conditions to ensure proper coating. In results, growth parameters were significantly increased with the application of bio-activated Zn coated urea as compared to other urea formulations and the control. The same treatment caused the maximum increase in quality parameters like oil contents (55%), protein (30%), and N concentration (30%) as compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of 1.5% bio-activated Zn coated urea was highly effective in enhancing the growth, physiological, yield, and quality parameters of wheat.
Qudsia Nazir; Xiukang Wang; Azhar Hussain; Allah Ditta; Ayesha Aimen; Ifra Saleem; Muhammad Naveed; Tariq Aziz; Adnan Mustafa; Nalun Panpluem. Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4797 .
AMA StyleQudsia Nazir, Xiukang Wang, Azhar Hussain, Allah Ditta, Ayesha Aimen, Ifra Saleem, Muhammad Naveed, Tariq Aziz, Adnan Mustafa, Nalun Panpluem. Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):4797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQudsia Nazir; Xiukang Wang; Azhar Hussain; Allah Ditta; Ayesha Aimen; Ifra Saleem; Muhammad Naveed; Tariq Aziz; Adnan Mustafa; Nalun Panpluem. 2021. "Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4797.
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution is a major abiotic stress, which reduces plant growth and affects food quality by entering the food chain, and ultimately poses hazards to human health. Currently, the use of slag in PTE-contaminated soils has been reported to reduce PTEs and toxicity in plants. This review highlights the role of slag used as a fertilizer for better crop production and sustainable agricultural development. The application of slag increased the growth, yield, and quality of crops under PTE toxicity. The mechanisms followed by slag are the immobilization of PTEs in the soil, enhancement of soil pH, changes in the redox state of PTEs, and positive changes in soil physicochemical and biological properties under PTE toxicity. Nevertheless, these processes are influenced by the plant species, growth conditions, imposition length of stress, and type of slag used. The current review provides an insight into improving plant tolerance to PTE toxicity by slag-based fertilizer application and highlights the theoretical basis for applying slag in PTE-contaminated environments worldwide.
Sajid Mehmood; Xiukang Wang; Waqas Ahmed; Muhammad Imtiaz; Allah Ditta; Muhammad Rizwan; Sana Irshad; Saqib Bashir; Qudsia Saeed; Adnan Mustafa; Weidong Li. Removal Mechanisms of Slag against Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants for Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Critical Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5255 .
AMA StyleSajid Mehmood, Xiukang Wang, Waqas Ahmed, Muhammad Imtiaz, Allah Ditta, Muhammad Rizwan, Sana Irshad, Saqib Bashir, Qudsia Saeed, Adnan Mustafa, Weidong Li. Removal Mechanisms of Slag against Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants for Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Critical Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Mehmood; Xiukang Wang; Waqas Ahmed; Muhammad Imtiaz; Allah Ditta; Muhammad Rizwan; Sana Irshad; Saqib Bashir; Qudsia Saeed; Adnan Mustafa; Weidong Li. 2021. "Removal Mechanisms of Slag against Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants for Sustainable Agriculture Development: A Critical Review." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5255.
Untreated wastewater used for irrigating crops is the major source of toxic heavy metals and other pollutants in soils. These heavy metals affect plant growth and deteriorate the quality of edible parts of growing plants. Phytohormone (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can reduce the toxicity of metals by stabilizing them in soil. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the IAA and EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains for improving growth, physiology, and antioxidant activity of Brassica juncea (L.) under Cd-stress. Results showed that Cd-stress significantly decreased the growth and physiological parameters of mustard plants. Inoculation with Cd-tolerant, IAA and EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains, however, significantly retrieved the inhibitory effects of Cd-stress on mustard growth, and physiology by up regulating antioxidant enzyme activities. Higher Cd accumulation and proline content was observed in the roots and shoot tissues upon Cd-stress in mustard plants while reduced proline and Cd accumulation was recorded upon rhizobacterial strains inoculation. Maximum decrease in proline contents (12.4%) and Cd concentration in root (26.9%) and shoot (29%) in comparison to control plants was observed due to inoculation with Bacillus safensis strain FN13. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased due to Cd-stress; however, the inoculation with Cd-tolerant, IAA-producing rhizobacterial strains showed a non-significant impact in the case of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) in Brassica juncea (L.) plants under Cd-stress. Overall, Bacillus safensis strain FN13 was the most effective strain in improving the Brassica juncea (L.) growth and physiology under Cd-stress. It can be concluded, as the strain FN13 is a potential phytostabilizing biofertilizer for heavy metal contaminated soils, that it can be recommended to induce Cd-stress tolerance in crop plants.
Farheen Nazli; Xiukang Wang; Maqshoof Ahmad; Azhar Hussain; Bushra; Abubakar Dar; Muhammad Nasim; Moazzam Jamil; Nalun Panpluem; Adnan Mustafa. Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.). Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4160 .
AMA StyleFarheen Nazli, Xiukang Wang, Maqshoof Ahmad, Azhar Hussain, Bushra, Abubakar Dar, Muhammad Nasim, Moazzam Jamil, Nalun Panpluem, Adnan Mustafa. Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.). Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarheen Nazli; Xiukang Wang; Maqshoof Ahmad; Azhar Hussain; Bushra; Abubakar Dar; Muhammad Nasim; Moazzam Jamil; Nalun Panpluem; Adnan Mustafa. 2021. "Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4160.