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Muhammad Safdar Sial
Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 15 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in a country’s economic growth and sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between innovation and the performance of SMEs. An external environmental factor acts as a moderating variable between the exogenous and endogenous variables. Data were collected from 350 textile SMEs operating in Pakistan using a cross-sectional study design through self-administered questionnaires. Of these, only 335 surveys were valid for further analysis. The structural equational modeling technique was used for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses that innovation and the external environment affect an SME’s performance. The results indicate a significant association between innovation and SME performance, and the external environment has a moderating impact on innovation and SME performance. This paper offers valuable recommendations to senior managers and owners of SMEs to consider the innovation and external environment as crucial factors when assessing their SME’s performance. This study contributes towards the body of knowledge on this subject and can help practitioners and researchers explore the effects of innovation and the external environment on the performance of SMEs.

ACS Style

Qinghua Fu; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad; Ubaldo Comite; Phung Anh Thu; József Popp. The Inter-Relationship between Innovation Capability and SME Performance: The Moderating Role of the External Environment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9132 .

AMA Style

Qinghua Fu, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad, Ubaldo Comite, Phung Anh Thu, József Popp. The Inter-Relationship between Innovation Capability and SME Performance: The Moderating Role of the External Environment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinghua Fu; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad; Ubaldo Comite; Phung Anh Thu; József Popp. 2021. "The Inter-Relationship between Innovation Capability and SME Performance: The Moderating Role of the External Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9132.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2021 in Processes
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The global focus on the use of renewable energy resources was mainly reignited by the signing of the Kyoto Protocol Agreement in 1997. Since then, the world has seen a great deal of progress in terms of the production and consumption of renewable energy. This in turn is rapidly powering economic growth and social development around the globe. Contrary to popular belief, the use of renewable energy is not limited to developed countries only. The developing countries are also rapidly endorsing renewable energy as a vital engine of economic growth and societal development. In this regard, even though renewable energy production and consumption are in their infancy in BRICS, these countries are taking concrete steps towards the development of renewable energy resources. The results of previous studies have indicated that with an increase in the GDP of a country its carbon footprint also tends to increase; the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries are no exception in this regard. One of the main challenges in research related to measuring the contribution of renewable energy towards economic growth is the use of a singular model or techniques that may not be appropriate for the generalization of the results. This study intends to overcome this challenge by application of multiple econometric-based models which include the “Cross Dependency” test, the unit root test, and “CIPS” (cross-sectional augmented IPS). Besides these the second generation, stochastic models based upon econometrics, such as the DOLS test (dynamic ordinary least square) and the FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square) are also applied for verification of the contribution of renewable energy towards the economic growth of the BRICS countries. The novelty of the study mainly stems from fact that these models are seldom applied in tandem and especially in the BRICS countries. The results of the study indicate that the existence of the bi-directional relationship between the use of renewable energy and economic growth is mainly indicated by the increase in GDP, thus lending support to the feedback hypothesis. Moreover, the conservation hypothesis was proven by the existence of a unidirectional causality relationship between the use of renewable energy and CO2 emissions. Alongside these, the study also included sensitivity analysis to gauge the impact of the growth of GDP on the CO2 emissions of BRICS countries, and regression analysis was performed to create an EKC curve which was used to gauge not only the sensitivity but also to help in highlighting the impact of using renewable energy in controlling and reducing CO2 emissions, thus proving the EKC theory. Thus, it can be deduced that increase in CO2 emissions is of major concern for the BRICS countries, which has led them to increase the production of renewable energy. Based upon the findings of the present study it is recommended that policymakers should encourage the use of renewable energy by offering incentives in financial terms, such as interest-free or low-interest loans, subsidies and feed-in tariffs.

ACS Style

Qinghua Fu; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Muhammad Sial; Ubaldo Comite; Pengfei Zheng; Sarminah Samad; Judit Oláh. Impact of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions—Evidence from BRICS Countries. Processes 2021, 9, 1281 .

AMA Style

Qinghua Fu, Susana Álvarez-Otero, Muhammad Sial, Ubaldo Comite, Pengfei Zheng, Sarminah Samad, Judit Oláh. Impact of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions—Evidence from BRICS Countries. Processes. 2021; 9 (8):1281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinghua Fu; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Muhammad Sial; Ubaldo Comite; Pengfei Zheng; Sarminah Samad; Judit Oláh. 2021. "Impact of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions—Evidence from BRICS Countries." Processes 9, no. 8: 1281.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The current business environment characterized by high uncertainty, volatility, and stiff situation of competitiveness that is evident in almost every sector has increased the importance of workplace innovation for contemporary businesses. In this regard, a considerable attention in realizing employees of an organization as a source of innovation is not evident from the existing literature. In this aspect, the current study is an attempt to foster workplace innovation through employees in the SME sector of an emerging economy. In doing so, the authors propose that corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of an SME, along with workplace autonomy, are helpful in creating an environment at the workplace that fosters innovative employee behavior (IEB). Furthermore, the current study also extends the boundary condition of the theory of self-determination by arguing that this theory provides a comprehensive framework to explain employees’ motivation for workplace innovation. The data of the current survey was obtained from the SME sector situated in two large cities of a developing country through a self-administered questionnaire which was then analyzed through structural-equation-modeling (SEM) using the AMOS software. The results confirmed that CSR directly relates to IEB and workplace autonomy mediates this relationship. The study also discusses the implications of this survey for theory and practice.

ACS Style

Beili Li; Xu Fan; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Muhammad Sial; Ubaldo Comite; Jacob Cherian; László Vasa. CSR and Workplace Autonomy as Enablers of Workplace Innovation in SMEs through Employees: Extending the Boundary Conditions of Self-Determination Theory. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6104 .

AMA Style

Beili Li, Xu Fan, Susana Álvarez-Otero, Muhammad Sial, Ubaldo Comite, Jacob Cherian, László Vasa. CSR and Workplace Autonomy as Enablers of Workplace Innovation in SMEs through Employees: Extending the Boundary Conditions of Self-Determination Theory. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beili Li; Xu Fan; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Muhammad Sial; Ubaldo Comite; Jacob Cherian; László Vasa. 2021. "CSR and Workplace Autonomy as Enablers of Workplace Innovation in SMEs through Employees: Extending the Boundary Conditions of Self-Determination Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6104.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The purpose of our study is to investigate the impact of women and independent directors on corporate social responsibility and financial performance. We use the fixed effect regression model as a baseline methodology. The data set includes information from 2010 to 2019 regarding Chinese non-financial companies, from which we use yearly information. The RSK rating is used for the assessment of corporate social responsibility reporting, ranging from 0 to 100, and other data are taken from the China stock market and accounting research (CSMAR) database. We use a two-stage least square (TSLS) regression model to control the possible problem of endogeneity. The empirical results show that gender diversity in boards significantly and positively affects CSR reporting. We do not find an effect due to non-executive directors on CSR reporting. The presence of non-executive directors on a board is mostly trivial in the case of China, as they do not have much influence with regard to decision making, especially related to CSR reporting. The control variables, such as board size, board member meeting frequency and leverage, are also found to have a significant effect on CSR reporting. Therefore, our results add a new aspect to the emerging literature on CSR reporting, especially in China. Furthermore, our results are robust with regard to the alternative variables under consideration. Our study has important implications. Our research enriches the existing literature on CSR and highlights the importance of female and independent directors having an impact on decisions related to the increased reporting of CSR activities. Our study contributes to the existing literature by presenting a pioneering investigation of the effect of female and independent directors on CSR reporting, as well as shedding light on the relationship in the context of an emerging economy.

ACS Style

Chenxi Wang; Xincai Deng; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Muhammad Sial; Ubaldo Comite; Jacob Cherian; Judit Oláh. Impact of Women and Independent Directors on Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6053 .

AMA Style

Chenxi Wang, Xincai Deng, Susana Álvarez-Otero, Muhammad Sial, Ubaldo Comite, Jacob Cherian, Judit Oláh. Impact of Women and Independent Directors on Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6053.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenxi Wang; Xincai Deng; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Muhammad Sial; Ubaldo Comite; Jacob Cherian; Judit Oláh. 2021. "Impact of Women and Independent Directors on Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6053.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Organizational sustainability is the reality which is considered essential for the success of all kind of organizations. Researchers and academicians struggle to conceptualize this phenomenon while practitioners endeavor to achieve it on the ground. Much has been done in resource-affluent countries of the world, whereas in the least developed countries, social sustainability is now becoming a new normal. The purpose of this research was to understand the social perspective of organizational sustainability and the roles of electronic performance appraisal and transformational leadership in shaping it. Data were collected from the healthcare sector through the administration of close-ended questionnaires to a randomly selected sample; 320 out of 400 questionnaires with an acceptable degree of accuracy were selected for statistical treatment. Inferential statistics were applied using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results confirmed the existence of definite contributions of the electronic performance appraisal system and transformational leadership towards organizational sustainability. However, our findings surprisingly ruled out the moderating role of transformational leadership on the cause and effect relationship between electronic performance appraisal and organizational social sustainability. In the face of a scarcity of related literature in the given context and due to the partial novelty of the model, the findings of this study add significantly to the existing bank of literature in the field. It will also be handy for the guidance of practitioners who are engaged in sustainability management.

ACS Style

Zia Ullah; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Mohammed Sulaiman; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Khaoula Omhand. Achieving Organizational Social Sustainability through Electronic Performance Appraisal Systems: The Moderating Influence of Transformational Leadership. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5611 .

AMA Style

Zia Ullah, Susana Álvarez-Otero, Mohammed Sulaiman, Muhammad Sial, Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Khaoula Omhand. Achieving Organizational Social Sustainability through Electronic Performance Appraisal Systems: The Moderating Influence of Transformational Leadership. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5611.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ullah; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Mohammed Sulaiman; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Khaoula Omhand. 2021. "Achieving Organizational Social Sustainability through Electronic Performance Appraisal Systems: The Moderating Influence of Transformational Leadership." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5611.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The contemporary literature has largely addressed corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, whereas its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored. In addition, contemporary researchers have also ignored the importance of employee pro-environmental behavior to reduce the environmental footprint of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). With this background, the present study attempts to decrease the environmental footprint of the SME sector of China by implementing CSR at the micro-level through the involvement of employees because employees spend a significant amount of their time at workplaces, and hence their environment-related behavior may significantly contribute to improve the natural environment. In this regard, here we examined the impact of the micro-foundation of CSR on SMEs’ environmental performance with mediating effect of employees’ pro-environmental behavior. The data were collected from the different organizations in China. Our sample constitutes a supervisor–subordinate dyad from which we collected 562 filled questionnaires (281 from each). We used the structural equation modeling technique using AMOS software for data analysis, the results show that CSR, directly and indirectly, through employee’s pro-environmental behavior affects the environmental performance of SMEs, and employee pro-environmental behavior partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the present study are helpful for policymakers of the SME sector of China to address widespread environmental issues caused by their business operations.

ACS Style

Hua Yu; Muhammad Shabbir; Naveed Ahmad; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Heesup Han; Miklas Scholz; Muhammad Sial. A Contemporary Issue of Micro-Foundation of CSR, Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Environmental Performance toward Energy Saving, Carbon Emission Reduction, and Recycling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5380 .

AMA Style

Hua Yu, Muhammad Shabbir, Naveed Ahmad, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Heesup Han, Miklas Scholz, Muhammad Sial. A Contemporary Issue of Micro-Foundation of CSR, Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Environmental Performance toward Energy Saving, Carbon Emission Reduction, and Recycling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hua Yu; Muhammad Shabbir; Naveed Ahmad; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Heesup Han; Miklas Scholz; Muhammad Sial. 2021. "A Contemporary Issue of Micro-Foundation of CSR, Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Environmental Performance toward Energy Saving, Carbon Emission Reduction, and Recycling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5380.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Previous studies have largely explored corporate social responsibility (CSR) for organization-centric outcomes to achieve organizational performance, organizational commitment, or organizational citizenship behavior. However, the importance of CSR to achieve customer-centric outcomes is underexplored to date. Contemporary researchers have recently turned their attention toward CSR from the viewpoint of customer-centric outcomes. Therefore, the present study attempts to test the influence of CSR communication on social media and customer loyalty in the banking sector of a developing economy in times of crisis. This study also investigates the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) with this relationship. The data of the present study were collected from different banking customers using a self-administered questionnaire. The empirical findings of this study validated that the CSR communication of a bank on social media increases customer loyalty, and E-WOM partially mediates this relationship. This study will be helpful for the banking sector to understand the importance of CSR communication to increase customer loyalty, which is very important for every bank in times of crisis.

ACS Style

Dianxi Zhang; Asif Mahmood; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Naveed Ahmad; Heesup Han; Muhammad Sial. Exploring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Communication through Social Media on Banking Customer E-WOM and Loyalty in Times of Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4739 .

AMA Style

Dianxi Zhang, Asif Mahmood, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Naveed Ahmad, Heesup Han, Muhammad Sial. Exploring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Communication through Social Media on Banking Customer E-WOM and Loyalty in Times of Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dianxi Zhang; Asif Mahmood; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Naveed Ahmad; Heesup Han; Muhammad Sial. 2021. "Exploring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Communication through Social Media on Banking Customer E-WOM and Loyalty in Times of Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4739.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an ever-evolving concept in the field of business management. Even in 2021, its boundaries are evolving and researchers are linking the concept of CSR to different variables to achieve different outcomes. However, the concept of CSR in the healthcare sector is not well-explored in prior literature. The current study is an application of social identity theory to induce electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) from consumers for a specific brand, through its CSR engagement on social media (CSRS) and consumer-company identification (CCI) in the healthcare sector of an emerging economy. The data of the current survey were collected from different patients of four large hospitals in a large city through a self-administered questionnaire (paper-pencil technique). To validate different hypotheses of the current study, the authors employed the structural-equation-modeling (SEM) technique using AMOS software. The output of SEM analysis confirmed that CSRS positively influences eWOM, and CCI mediates this relationship. The findings of the current study will be helpful for policymakers in the healthcare industry to improve their understanding of CSRS and CCI, inducing eWOM through the lens of social identity theory.

ACS Style

Rui Ma; Jacob Cherian; Wen-Hsien Tsai; Muhammad Sial; Li Hou; Susana Álvarez-Otero. The Relationship of Corporate Social Responsibility on Digital Platforms, Electronic Word-of-Mouth, and Consumer-Company Identification: An Application of Social Identity Theory. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4700 .

AMA Style

Rui Ma, Jacob Cherian, Wen-Hsien Tsai, Muhammad Sial, Li Hou, Susana Álvarez-Otero. The Relationship of Corporate Social Responsibility on Digital Platforms, Electronic Word-of-Mouth, and Consumer-Company Identification: An Application of Social Identity Theory. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Ma; Jacob Cherian; Wen-Hsien Tsai; Muhammad Sial; Li Hou; Susana Álvarez-Otero. 2021. "The Relationship of Corporate Social Responsibility on Digital Platforms, Electronic Word-of-Mouth, and Consumer-Company Identification: An Application of Social Identity Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4700.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
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Modern businesses in the present digital age are facing different challenges for survival and growth due to the stiff competitive environment that prevails almost in every sector. Technology, especially digital technology, has changed the way of doing business around the globe. Marketers need to develop new strategies by incorporating the element of digital technology to overrun their competitors, as conventional competitive strategies will not produce extraordinaryresults. The rise of social media, in this regard, is a game-changer in the context of marketing as it provides a strategic touchpoint to the marketers to involve the customers with a brand. Prior research has largely ignored the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of a brand and positive customer experiences. Hence the present study aims to test the relationship of customer-related CSR activities on social media on behavioral consequences of customers, such as their purchase likelihood and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM). The data were collected from the banking customers of a developing economy and were analyzed through structural equation modeling in AMOS software. The results revealed that customer-related CSR activitieson social mediainfluence customer behavioral outcomes like E-WOM and purchase intentions. The result also revealed that brand attitude mediates the relationship between customer-related CSR, E-WOM, and purchase intentions. The findings of the present study can help policymakers to understand the importance of CSRpractices from the perspective of marketing, which is largely ignored by contemporary CSR researchers.

ACS Style

Guping Cheng; Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Sial; Grzegorz Mentel; Peng Wan; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Usama Saleem. The Relationship between CSR Communication on Social Media, Purchase Intention, and E-WOM in the Banking Sector of an Emerging Economy. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2021, 16, 1025 -1041.

AMA Style

Guping Cheng, Jacob Cherian, Muhammad Sial, Grzegorz Mentel, Peng Wan, Susana Álvarez-Otero, Usama Saleem. The Relationship between CSR Communication on Social Media, Purchase Intention, and E-WOM in the Banking Sector of an Emerging Economy. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2021; 16 (4):1025-1041.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guping Cheng; Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Sial; Grzegorz Mentel; Peng Wan; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Usama Saleem. 2021. "The Relationship between CSR Communication on Social Media, Purchase Intention, and E-WOM in the Banking Sector of an Emerging Economy." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 4: 1025-1041.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The present study aims to determine the impact of green innovation (GI) on the overall performance of an organization while keeping the variable of environmental management (EM) as a moderator. We used a dataset consisting of four data years, from 2014 to 2017, of A-share companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE). The concept of green innovation refers to the use of advancements in technology that enable savings in energy, along with the recycling of waste material. When advanced technology is utilized in the production process, the products are referred to as green products and the whole process of adopting such technologies and product design is referred to as “Corporate Environmental Management”. Such innovations improve the overall financial performance of companies as it enables them to improve their social image by reducing their carbon footprint and ensures their long-term sustainability. The main issue is the limited focus and attention given to the topic, from the perspective of companies. This research focuses on the impact of green innovation and the importance of environmental management for the sustainability of companies. Our findings suggest that the relationship between green innovation and the performance of the company is positive and verifies the existence of moderating effects of environmental management on the relationship between green innovation and firm performance. Implications are given to academia and practitioners.

ACS Style

Pham Huong; Jacob Cherian; Nguyen Hien; Muhammad Sial; Sarminah Samad; Bui Tuan. Environmental Management, Green Innovation, and Social–Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 89 .

AMA Style

Pham Huong, Jacob Cherian, Nguyen Hien, Muhammad Sial, Sarminah Samad, Bui Tuan. Environmental Management, Green Innovation, and Social–Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (1):89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pham Huong; Jacob Cherian; Nguyen Hien; Muhammad Sial; Sarminah Samad; Bui Tuan. 2021. "Environmental Management, Green Innovation, and Social–Open Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1: 89.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Energy
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In the present work, a novel combined system based on the biomass-based solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine system combined with the organic flash cycle is regarded for power generation aim. The main objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of the proposed system from the economic and environmental viewpoints. The optimum performance of all optimization scenarios is found by applying the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm and using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Regarding the obtained results, for fuel cost of 6$/GJ and electricity price of 0.10$/kWh, the total net present value at the end of plant lifetime is 9.8×105$ and the payback period is 4.25 years, which means that the plant is feasible for construction from the economic perspective. Also, the simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid system can yield to the energy and exergy efficiencies of 49.37% and 42.50%, respectively. Also, the net output electrical power and is obtained 425.39kW. Moreover, the final optimum solution selected by the decision-making method is obtained by ηII=47.12%, LTE=23.24t/MWh, and cp,tot=5.50$/GJ.

ACS Style

Cai Cheng; Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Umer Zaman; Hosein Niroumandi. Performance assessment of a novel biomass-based solid oxide fuel cell power generation cycle; Economic analysis and optimization. Energy 2021, 224, 120134 .

AMA Style

Cai Cheng, Jacob Cherian, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Umer Zaman, Hosein Niroumandi. Performance assessment of a novel biomass-based solid oxide fuel cell power generation cycle; Economic analysis and optimization. Energy. 2021; 224 ():120134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cai Cheng; Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Umer Zaman; Hosein Niroumandi. 2021. "Performance assessment of a novel biomass-based solid oxide fuel cell power generation cycle; Economic analysis and optimization." Energy 224, no. : 120134.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Prior studies in the contemporary literature have largely ignored the important role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in shaping employees’ views of self and nature. Although researchers have recently started to pay considerable attention to explore the link between CSR and environmental sustainability, determining how CSR can be effective in shaping the proenvironmental behavior of employees that is missing in the existing literature. The objective of the present research study is to test the impact of microlevel CSR activities to induce environmental performance of an organization with a mediating effect of employees’ pro-environmental behaviors. This study argues that CSR activities of an organization motivate the workers to rethink the relationship between self and nature; hence, they are encouraged to participate in activities that are helpful in terms of preserving the environment, such as participating in pro-environmental activities at the workplace. The proposed model of the study was tested in the banking sector of Pakistan and analyzed by using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in AMOS software. The results revealed that microlevel CSR activities, using employee proenvironmental behaviors as a mediator, directly and indirectly influence environmental performance of a bank. The results of the present study are helpful for policymakers of different banking institutions to understand how they can reduce the environmental footprint of their bank by using a well-planned CSR program that can induce transcendent emotions in employees to create a sustainable environment.

ACS Style

Linghui Kong; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; Mariana Sehleanu; Zhihui Li; Malik Zia-Ud-Din; Daniel Badulescu. CSR as a potential motivator to shape employees’ view towards nature for a sustainable workplace environment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1499 .

AMA Style

Linghui Kong, Muhammad Sial, Naveed Ahmad, Mariana Sehleanu, Zhihui Li, Malik Zia-Ud-Din, Daniel Badulescu. CSR as a potential motivator to shape employees’ view towards nature for a sustainable workplace environment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linghui Kong; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; Mariana Sehleanu; Zhihui Li; Malik Zia-Ud-Din; Daniel Badulescu. 2021. "CSR as a potential motivator to shape employees’ view towards nature for a sustainable workplace environment." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1499.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in The Extractive Industries and Society
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This paper examines the nexus between institutional investors’ site visits and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) using legitimacy theory. Drawing on 13,867 observations selected from the stock exchange market of China during the period 2010–2018, this paper provides strong empirical evidence in support of how institutional investors’ site visits are positively associated with CSR. We find that site visits, as an informative and monitoring tool, can help managers to engage in socially-responsible activities for the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of stakeholders. Furthermore, the association between site visits by institutional investors and CSR is stronger in environments where enforcement of legislation is weak and weaker religious atmospheres. The results increase our comprehension of CSR determinants and shed light on institutional investors’ governance role in improving extractive industries’ CSR performance.

ACS Style

Xiangyu Chen; Peng Wan; Muhammad Safdar Sial. Institutional investors’ site visits and corporate social responsibility: Implications for the extractive industries✰. The Extractive Industries and Society 2020, 8, 374 -382.

AMA Style

Xiangyu Chen, Peng Wan, Muhammad Safdar Sial. Institutional investors’ site visits and corporate social responsibility: Implications for the extractive industries✰. The Extractive Industries and Society. 2020; 8 (1):374-382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiangyu Chen; Peng Wan; Muhammad Safdar Sial. 2020. "Institutional investors’ site visits and corporate social responsibility: Implications for the extractive industries✰." The Extractive Industries and Society 8, no. 1: 374-382.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Water scarcity is rising as a global issue, because the planet earth is facing a global water crisis, which is considered something that can destroy environmental sustainability of our planet. The fact is that humanity’s demand is depleting natural resources faster than nature can replenish itself; if human habits and unsustainable use of water resources do not change, water scarcity will inevitably intensify and become a major cause of conflict among different nations of the world. The water scarcity issue is a crucial issue but unfortunately it has not received due attention in past. Pakistan, which once was a water abundant country, now facing a situation of water scarcity. Pakistan has a poor irrigation system which results 60% loss of its water; Pakistan uses more water for crop production than other countries. Likewise, the country harvests water from rainfall, rivers, snow, and glaciers. The country is facing a serious water crisis that is caused by different factors, such as changing climatic conditions, rising population, poor irrigation system, poor political will, and rapid urbanization. The water crisis of Pakistan is expected to worsen in coming years. This is a drastic situation which calls for emergency measures. With this background, the present study provides a detailed view of the water situation in the country with challenges to water management. The study also suggests some recommendations for policymakers to improve the water crisis situation in the future.

ACS Style

Dianxi Zhang; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; José António Filipe; Phung Thu; Malik Zia-Ud-Din; António Caleiro. Water Scarcity and Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: A Management Perspective for Future. Sustainability 2020, 13, 144 .

AMA Style

Dianxi Zhang, Muhammad Sial, Naveed Ahmad, José António Filipe, Phung Thu, Malik Zia-Ud-Din, António Caleiro. Water Scarcity and Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: A Management Perspective for Future. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dianxi Zhang; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; José António Filipe; Phung Thu; Malik Zia-Ud-Din; António Caleiro. 2020. "Water Scarcity and Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: A Management Perspective for Future." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 144.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The homogenization of the banking segment has made it difficult for banking institutions to practice the quality of services that are needed in order to retain consumers. Thus, these days, finding ways to increase consumer loyalty—especially green loyalty—has become a challenge for the banking industry around the planet. Research has long acknowledged that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a strategic concern that could help organizations to increase consumer loyalty. However, the impact of CSR practices on green consumer loyalty is rarely addressed in the extant literature. Hence, the present research investigated the impact of CSR on green consumer loyalty with the mediating effect of co-creation in the banking industry of Pakistan. The study also introduced green banking initiatives as a moderator between the mediated relation of CSR and green consumer loyalty, with the intention that such a moderator would strengthen this indirect relationship. The structural equation modeling technique was used for the data analysis. The results confirm that CSR enhances consumer loyalty, and that co-creation partially mediates this relationship. Furthermore, green banking initiatives further strengthen this relation. The results of the current survey could help banking institutions learn how they can develop core strategic considerations based on the integration of CSR co-creation and green banking initiatives.

ACS Style

Huidong Sun; Mustafa Rabbani; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Sial; Cheng Guping; Malik Zia-Ud-Din; Qinghua Fu. CSR, Co-Creation and Green Consumer Loyalty: Are Green Banking Initiatives Important? A Moderated Mediation Approach from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10688 .

AMA Style

Huidong Sun, Mustafa Rabbani, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Sial, Cheng Guping, Malik Zia-Ud-Din, Qinghua Fu. CSR, Co-Creation and Green Consumer Loyalty: Are Green Banking Initiatives Important? A Moderated Mediation Approach from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huidong Sun; Mustafa Rabbani; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Sial; Cheng Guping; Malik Zia-Ud-Din; Qinghua Fu. 2020. "CSR, Co-Creation and Green Consumer Loyalty: Are Green Banking Initiatives Important? A Moderated Mediation Approach from an Emerging Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10688.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2020 in Sustainability
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The workforce of growing globalization has led to a large number of expatriate employees working overseas for short term employment. An expatriate assignment is strongly correlated with a variety of difficulties that affect expatriates’ adjustment abroad. Therefore, the aim of this article is: (1) to determine the challenges encountered by Chinese expatriates in Pakistan and (2) to determine the role of cross-cultural training for a successful international assignment. The paper adopts a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews; the interviews were conducted with 22 males and eight females, forming a total of 30 Chinese employees with the average age of 34.5 years, working in different Chinese organizations in Pakistan in 2018. The findings of this study revealed that the most significant challenges faced by Chinese expatriates in Pakistan were cultural differences and language barriers in both work and non-work factors, whereas, those Chinese expatriates who were trained through formal and informal learning techniques could facilitate their cross-cultural adjustment.

ACS Style

Muhammad Noman; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Talles Vianna Brugni; Jinsoo Hwang; Muhammad Yaseen Bhutto; Thai Hong Thuy Khanh. Determining the Challenges Encountered by Chinese Expatriates in Pakistan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1327 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Talles Vianna Brugni, Jinsoo Hwang, Muhammad Yaseen Bhutto, Thai Hong Thuy Khanh. Determining the Challenges Encountered by Chinese Expatriates in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Noman; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Talles Vianna Brugni; Jinsoo Hwang; Muhammad Yaseen Bhutto; Thai Hong Thuy Khanh. 2020. "Determining the Challenges Encountered by Chinese Expatriates in Pakistan." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1327.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Sustainability
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We have performed a focalized investigation to explore how corporate social responsibility (CSR) moderates the relationship between corporate governance and firms’ financial performance. We applied a panel regression to examine this relationship from a sample of 3400 Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) listed firms, based on yearly observations from 2009 to 2018. Our results show that the presence of female directors on the board is associated with improved firms’ performance and that corporate social responsibility (CSR) moderates this relation, thus indicating that sharing strategic decision-making with female board members revealed a better relationship between CSR and firms’ financial performance. Our findings showed that foreign institutional investors positively influenced firms’ financial performance and that CSR moderates the relation between foreign institutional shareholders and the firm’s financial performance. Supported by corporate governance theories, such as resource dependence and stakeholder theory, our results help to better understand the nexus among corporate governance, firms’ performance and corporate social responsibility. These findings are advantageous to government departments in emerging countries in terms of encouraging marketing practitioners and participants to implement CSR practices and change the attitude associated with CSR implications. This study highlighted the problems of the foreign institutional investors’ scheme, which was the main contribution to the financial market reform of China after 2003. These findings offer significant implications to corporate affairs executives and managers, practitioners, academicians, state officials, and policy-makers, and might provide China with the opportunity to extend its market liberalization to the global markets. This research also contributes to the existing literature, which investigates how CSR moderates the relationship between corporate governance and firms’ financial performance in the Chinese market context.

ACS Style

Rizwan Ali; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Talles Vianna Brugni; Jinsoo Hwang; Nguyen Vinh Khuong; Thai Hong Thuy Khanh. Does CSR Moderate the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Chinese Firm’s Financial Performance? Evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Firms. Sustainability 2019, 12, 149 .

AMA Style

Rizwan Ali, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Talles Vianna Brugni, Jinsoo Hwang, Nguyen Vinh Khuong, Thai Hong Thuy Khanh. Does CSR Moderate the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Chinese Firm’s Financial Performance? Evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Firms. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizwan Ali; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Talles Vianna Brugni; Jinsoo Hwang; Nguyen Vinh Khuong; Thai Hong Thuy Khanh. 2019. "Does CSR Moderate the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Chinese Firm’s Financial Performance? Evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Firms." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 149.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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: Burnout, which is an emerging challenge in health systems, is very common among primary health care (PHC) workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of burnout among PHC workers, and its predictive factors, in a region in the west of Iran.In this cross-sectional study, all the health network staff (n = 539) were enrolled. The data collection instrument was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which consists of 22 items and the three subscales of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA). High scores in EE and DP and low scores in PA are indicative of high burnout. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of high burnout. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The findings showed that 90.5% of the staff had high DP, 55.3% had high EE, and 98.9% had low PA scores. Also, 52.9% (277 people) of the staff suffered from high burnout. Single people (OR = 3.33), less experienced employees (OR = 9.09), people aged over 35 years (OR = 2.35), physicians (OR = 1.72), and staff with permanent employment (OR = 5.0) were more likely to suffer high levels of burnout. We conclude that burnout is a common problem in PHC workers. Less experienced, younger, single employees and physicians were more at risk of suffering from high burnout. Preventive measures, such as strengthening social skills, communication competencies, and coping strategies, and reduction of risk factors such as job stress, are suggested for reducing employees’ risk of burnout.

ACS Style

Ehsan Zarei; Fariba Ahmadi; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Jinsoo Hwang; Phung Anh Thu; Sardar Muhammad Usman. Prevalence of Burnout among Primary Health Care Staff and Its Predictors: A Study in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2249 .

AMA Style

Ehsan Zarei, Fariba Ahmadi, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Jinsoo Hwang, Phung Anh Thu, Sardar Muhammad Usman. Prevalence of Burnout among Primary Health Care Staff and Its Predictors: A Study in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (12):2249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ehsan Zarei; Fariba Ahmadi; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Jinsoo Hwang; Phung Anh Thu; Sardar Muhammad Usman. 2019. "Prevalence of Burnout among Primary Health Care Staff and Its Predictors: A Study in Iran." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2249.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Patient satisfaction can identify specific areas of improvement in public sector hospitals. However, the Pakistani healthcare system, and quality of service delivery is rarely assessed through the perspective of patient satisfaction. Our study demonstrated the performance of public healthcare systems in Pakistan by interacting with physical services (tangible and environmental), doctor–patient communication, and pharmacy and laboratory services based on patient satisfaction. Primary data were collected from the patients by using a random sampling method. Patients who participated in the study were visitors of public hospitals’ outpatient departments. A total of 554 questionnaires were circulated, and 445 were received. The confirmatory factor and multiple regression analyses were employed to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that laboratory, as well pharmacy services, had positive significant effects (p = 0.000) on patient satisfaction, while doctor–patient communication (p = 0.189) and physical facilities (p = 0.85) had an insignificant relationship with patient satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that a significant communication gap exists in the doctor–patient setting, and that Pakistan’s healthcare system is deprived of physical facilities. Consequently, such services need further improvements.

ACS Style

Abid Hussain; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Sardar Muhammad Usman; Jinsoo Hwang; Yushi Jiang; Awaisra Shafiq. What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 994 .

AMA Style

Abid Hussain, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Sardar Muhammad Usman, Jinsoo Hwang, Yushi Jiang, Awaisra Shafiq. What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (6):994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abid Hussain; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Sardar Muhammad Usman; Jinsoo Hwang; Yushi Jiang; Awaisra Shafiq. 2019. "What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 994.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2019 in Sustainability
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The present study analyzed the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting on the financial performance of Indian companies. It used secondary data from 50 manufacturing companies over the period of fiscal years 2011 to 2017. The results suggested that there exists a significant relationship between the performance of Indian companies and their CSR. The CSR not only improves the firm’s social value and reputation but also improves profitability and performance. According to the results, return on assets is significantly determined by corporate governance, customers, products, number of employees, and board size. The customer has a negative impact on return on assets (ROA). The relationship between return on equity and independent variables is the same as the relationship between ROA and independent variables. Corporate governance and product positively impact ROE, but the relationship between customers, number of employees, and board size are negative. Corporate governance and product positively impact return on capital employed (ROCE), but the relationship between customer and the number of employees is negative. Education has positive impact on profit after tax (PAT) and profit before tax (PBT), but the PAT relationship between environments is negative. Corporate governance and product positively impact PBT. In general, we concluded that in India, socially responsible corporations perform better and vice versa.

ACS Style

Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Umar; Phung Anh Thu; Thao Nguyen-Trang; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Nguyen Vinh Khuong. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect the Financial Performance of the Manufacturing Sector? Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1182 .

AMA Style

Jacob Cherian, Muhammad Umar, Phung Anh Thu, Thao Nguyen-Trang, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Nguyen Vinh Khuong. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect the Financial Performance of the Manufacturing Sector? Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Umar; Phung Anh Thu; Thao Nguyen-Trang; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Nguyen Vinh Khuong. 2019. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect the Financial Performance of the Manufacturing Sector? Evidence from an Emerging Economy." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1182.