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This paper presents a comparison between the acoustic scenario at the Rio de Janeiro city center, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Undergoing one of the most important pandemics of the recent history, the social isolation led to a new acoustic scenario for Rio de Janeiro. The study was realized at the city center, an area of historical, economic and cultural relevance. The comparison consisted of analyzing measured data and noise maps produced for the city center area. The maps were created according to measured and collected data of the respective time periods. The acoustic scenario prior to the pandemic time was reconstructed based on previous measurements and data collection, while the pandemic one was built with data survey during the highest social isolation index on July 2020. The comparative analysis showed a considerable noise reduction, between 10 and 15 dB, for areas where the traffic noise was not intense and where the human activities were predominant on the streets. However, there was no substantial noise decrease for the areas around the major avenues. This occurred due to the traffic intensity drop to 50% during the pandemic, which meant a noise reduction between 3 and 5 dB.
Nayara Gevú; Bianca Carvalho; Guilherme C. Fagerlande; Maria Lygia Niemeyer; Marina Medeiros Cortês; Julio Cesar Boscher Torres. Rio de Janeiro noise mapping during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Noise Mapping 2021, 8, 162 -171.
AMA StyleNayara Gevú, Bianca Carvalho, Guilherme C. Fagerlande, Maria Lygia Niemeyer, Marina Medeiros Cortês, Julio Cesar Boscher Torres. Rio de Janeiro noise mapping during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Noise Mapping. 2021; 8 (1):162-171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNayara Gevú; Bianca Carvalho; Guilherme C. Fagerlande; Maria Lygia Niemeyer; Marina Medeiros Cortês; Julio Cesar Boscher Torres. 2021. "Rio de Janeiro noise mapping during the COVID-19 pandemic period." Noise Mapping 8, no. 1: 162-171.
Widespread adoption of green vehicles in urban logistics may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming, and oil dependency. However, the current adoption of green vehicles in the last mile logistics is relatively low despite many actions taken by public authorities to overcome the negative externalities of distributing goods in cities. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on studies investigating the adoption of green vehicles in urban freight transportation, paying specific attention to e-commerce. To shed light on the adoption of green vehicles in city logistics, the paper conducts a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. The 159 articles reviewed were classified into the following: (a) Optimization and scheduling (67 papers); (b) policy (55 papers); (c) sustainability (37 papers). Among the 159 articles, a further selection of 17 papers dealing with e-commerce, i.e., studies that highlight the most relevant aspects related to the integration of green vehicles in e-commerce urban logistics, was performed. Our findings indicate that green vehicles are competitive in urban deliveries characterized by frequent stop-and-go movements and low consolidation levels while incentives are still necessary for their adoption. The use of autonomous vehicles results the most promising and challenging solution for last-mile logistics.
Sergio Patella; Gianluca Grazieschi; Valerio Gatta; Edoardo Marcucci; Stefano Carrese. The Adoption of Green Vehicles in Last Mile Logistics: A Systematic Review. Sustainability 2020, 13, 6 .
AMA StyleSergio Patella, Gianluca Grazieschi, Valerio Gatta, Edoardo Marcucci, Stefano Carrese. The Adoption of Green Vehicles in Last Mile Logistics: A Systematic Review. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Patella; Gianluca Grazieschi; Valerio Gatta; Edoardo Marcucci; Stefano Carrese. 2020. "The Adoption of Green Vehicles in Last Mile Logistics: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 6.
This study presents the result of a traffic simulation analysis based on Floating Car Data and a noise emission assessment to show the impact of mobility restriction for COVID-19 containment on urban vehicular traffic and road noise pollution on the road network of Rome, Italy. The adoption of strong and severe measures to contain the spreading of Coronavirus during March-April 2020 generated a significant reduction in private vehicle trips in the city of Rome (-64.6% during the lockdown). Traffic volumes, obtained through a simulation approach, were used as input parameters for a noise emission assessment conducted using the CNOSSOS-EU method, and an overall noise emissions reduction on the entire road network was found, even if its extent varied between road types.
Francesco Aletta; Stefano Brinchi; Stefano Carrese; Andrea Gemma; Claudia Guattari; Livia Mannini; Sergio Maria Patella. Analysing urban traffic volumes and mapping noise emissions in Rome (Italy) in the context of containment measures for the COVID-19 disease. Noise Mapping 2020, 7, 114 -122.
AMA StyleFrancesco Aletta, Stefano Brinchi, Stefano Carrese, Andrea Gemma, Claudia Guattari, Livia Mannini, Sergio Maria Patella. Analysing urban traffic volumes and mapping noise emissions in Rome (Italy) in the context of containment measures for the COVID-19 disease. Noise Mapping. 2020; 7 (1):114-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Aletta; Stefano Brinchi; Stefano Carrese; Andrea Gemma; Claudia Guattari; Livia Mannini; Sergio Maria Patella. 2020. "Analysing urban traffic volumes and mapping noise emissions in Rome (Italy) in the context of containment measures for the COVID-19 disease." Noise Mapping 7, no. 1: 114-122.
The research presented in this paper proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for solving the transit network design problem in large urban areas. The solving procedure is divided in two main phases: in the first step, a heuristic route generation algorithm provides a preliminary set of feasible and comparable routes, according to three different design criteria; in the second step, the optimal network configuration is found by applying a PSO-based procedure. This study presents a comparison between the results of the PSO approach and the results of a procedure based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Both methods were tested on a real-size network in Rome, in order to compare their efficiency and effectiveness in optimal transit network calculation. The results show that the PSO approach promises more efficiency and effectiveness than GAs in producing optimal solutions.
Ernesto Cipriani; Gaetano Fusco; Sergio Maria Patella; Marco Petrelli. A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Solution of the Transit Network Design Problem. Smart Cities 2020, 3, 541 -555.
AMA StyleErnesto Cipriani, Gaetano Fusco, Sergio Maria Patella, Marco Petrelli. A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Solution of the Transit Network Design Problem. Smart Cities. 2020; 3 (2):541-555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnesto Cipriani; Gaetano Fusco; Sergio Maria Patella; Marco Petrelli. 2020. "A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Solution of the Transit Network Design Problem." Smart Cities 3, no. 2: 541-555.
The research presented in this paper is focused on the definition of a new methodology for evaluating how illuminated crosswalks influence drivers’ behavior when approaching the zebra in nighttime conditions. The proposed methodology is based on in situ speed measurements, and cars’ speed was detected in an urban road segment of the city of Rome with a Telelaser instrument. Vehicles speed profiles are measured in the same road segment both in LED-illuminated conditions and in non-illuminated conditions. Results have shown a promising impact of the LED lighting system on pedestrian safety. In fact, cars’ mean speed decreases by 19.3% at the crosswalk section in illuminated conditions. Moreover, a positive effect on safety, in terms of mean speed reduction (−16.4%), was found even in the absence of pedestrians.
Sergio Maria Patella; Simone Sportiello; Stefano Carrese; Francesco Bella; Francesco Asdrubali. The Effect of a LED Lighting Crosswalk on Pedestrian Safety: Some Experimental Results. Safety 2020, 6, 20 .
AMA StyleSergio Maria Patella, Simone Sportiello, Stefano Carrese, Francesco Bella, Francesco Asdrubali. The Effect of a LED Lighting Crosswalk on Pedestrian Safety: Some Experimental Results. Safety. 2020; 6 (2):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Maria Patella; Simone Sportiello; Stefano Carrese; Francesco Bella; Francesco Asdrubali. 2020. "The Effect of a LED Lighting Crosswalk on Pedestrian Safety: Some Experimental Results." Safety 6, no. 2: 20.
This paper presents a model to evaluate the life cycle greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq), of a generic fleet composition as a function of the traffic simulation results. First we evaluated the complete life cycle of each category of the vehicles currently circulating; next, by defining a general linear equation, the traffic environmental performances of a real road network (city of Rome) were evaluated using a traffic simulation approach. Finally, the proposed methodology was applied to evaluate the GHG emission of a 100% penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and various electric and conventional vehicles composition scenarios. In terms of life cycle impacts, BEVs are the vehicles with the highest GHG emissions at the vehicle level (construction + maintenance + end-of-life processes) that are, on average, 20% higher than internal combustion engine vehicles, and 6.5% higher than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Nevertheless, a 100% BEVs penetration scenario generates a reduction of the environmental impact at the mobility system level of about 65%.
Sergio Maria Patella; Flavio Scrucca; Francesco Asdrubali; Stefano Carrese. Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4328 .
AMA StyleSergio Maria Patella, Flavio Scrucca, Francesco Asdrubali, Stefano Carrese. Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Maria Patella; Flavio Scrucca; Francesco Asdrubali; Stefano Carrese. 2019. "Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4328.
This paper presents the case study of a corporate relocation from Rome’s suburbs to the historic city centre. This case study focused on a “reverse” workplace relocation: as a product of car-based living, the metropolitan areas are characterized by decentralized jobs. The new location, where the employees will move, is located in a restricted traffic zone. A behavioural-based method was developed to forecast the future mode split of the employees of the firm being relocated. Next, the model’s estimates were compared with the results of a focus group interview. This approach is expected to provide reliable estimates of the mode choice, as it combined standard discrete choice modelling for a mid-term forecast and the results from a focus group interview for the short-term forecast. The results of the discrete choice model overestimated the choice of public transport, whereas from the focus group emerged that park & ride is expected to be the most chosen mode in the short-term. Finally, this case study suggested that a workplace relocation from the suburbs to the center could encourage the employees to lessen car-dependent habits.
S.M. Patella; S. Sportiello; M. Petrelli; Stefano Carrese. Workplace relocation from suburb to city center: A case study of Rome, Italy. Case Studies on Transport Policy 2019, 7, 357 -362.
AMA StyleS.M. Patella, S. Sportiello, M. Petrelli, Stefano Carrese. Workplace relocation from suburb to city center: A case study of Rome, Italy. Case Studies on Transport Policy. 2019; 7 (2):357-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.M. Patella; S. Sportiello; M. Petrelli; Stefano Carrese. 2019. "Workplace relocation from suburb to city center: A case study of Rome, Italy." Case Studies on Transport Policy 7, no. 2: 357-362.
Fully Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) can self-drive in all situations, offering the highest comfort to drivers, who can pursue several activities during their trips. Under this assumption, AVs will probably affect the perception of time and its value. The research presented in this paper is a first attempt to understand if the introduction of fully AVs may generate residential relocation from the city center to the suburbs due to a different time perception. Using Stated Preferences (SP) survey technique, discrete choice modelling, and traffic simulation, the effect of urban sprawl of AV-cities on the road network in terms of congestion was evaluated. The relocated demand, estimated thorough ad hoc calibrated behavioral models, was assigned to the road network of the city of Rome (Italy). Results show an increase in travel times (about 12%) for suburban residents commuting to work in city center due to the extra-demand relocated. Instead, intra-urban road congestion would benefit from lower traffic volumes (about −10% in travel times). Moreover, this work shows the positive impact of the ride-sharing schemes with AVs by simulating different penetration rates. These results, however, should be taken with caution, as the sample is very small, travel time and travel monetary costs are ignored, as are housing costs, and mode choice and residential location are not modelled simultaneously.
Stefano Carrese; Marialisa Nigro; Sergio Maria Patella; Eleonora Toniolo. A preliminary study of the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on residential location in Rome. Research in Transportation Economics 2019, 75, 55 -61.
AMA StyleStefano Carrese, Marialisa Nigro, Sergio Maria Patella, Eleonora Toniolo. A preliminary study of the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on residential location in Rome. Research in Transportation Economics. 2019; 75 ():55-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Carrese; Marialisa Nigro; Sergio Maria Patella; Eleonora Toniolo. 2019. "A preliminary study of the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on residential location in Rome." Research in Transportation Economics 75, no. : 55-61.
This paper presents the results of a noise emission study of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and their impact on the road network. By comparing the current situation with a future hypothetical scenario (100% AVs penetration), this study highlights the positive effect, in terms of noise pollution, of the adoption of AVs on a real road network (city of Rome). For this scope, a traffic simulation-based approach was used to investigate the effects of AVs on the network congestion. Results show that the full AVs penetration scenario leads to an improvement in the network performances in terms of travel time and average network speed. Moreover, the amount of Vehicle Kilometre Travelled (VKT) shows an 8% increase on longer extra-urban routes, due to the higher capacity impact of AVs on highways, with a consequent load reduction for intra-urban shortcutting routes. These results are also reflected in terms of noise emission. In fact, the central area would benefit from lower noise emission, whereas an increase in traffic volume and speed lead to worsened conditions for some specific highway links of the network. Overall, it was shown that a 100% AVs fleet would have a beneficial effect for the noise pollution, leading to a general reduction of noise emissions, which is more pronounced for intra-urban roads.
S. M. Patella; Francesco Aletta; L. Mannini. Assessing the impact of Autonomous Vehicles on urban noise pollution. Noise Mapping 2019, 6, 72 -82.
AMA StyleS. M. Patella, Francesco Aletta, L. Mannini. Assessing the impact of Autonomous Vehicles on urban noise pollution. Noise Mapping. 2019; 6 (1):72-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. M. Patella; Francesco Aletta; L. Mannini. 2019. "Assessing the impact of Autonomous Vehicles on urban noise pollution." Noise Mapping 6, no. 1: 72-82.
This paper aims at understanding and evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of a crowdshipping platform in urban areas. The investigation refers to the city of Rome and considers an environmental-friendly crowdshipping based on the use of the mass transit network of the city, where customers/crowdshippers pick-up/drop-off goods in automated parcel lockers located either inside the transit stations or in their surroundings. Crowdshippers are passengers that would use the transit network anyhow for other activities (e.g., home-to-work), thus avoiding additional trips. The study requires firstly, estimating the willingness to buy a crowdshipping service like the one proposed here, in order to quantify the potential demand. The estimation is realized adopting an extensive stated preference survey and discrete choice modeling. Then, several scenarios with different features of the service are proposed and evaluated up to 2025 in terms of both externalities (local and global pollutant emissions, noise emissions and accidents reductions) and revenues. The results are useful to understand and quantify the potential of this strategy for last mile B2C deliveries. Moreover, it provides local policy-makers and freight companies with a good knowledge base for the future development of a platform for public transport-based crowdshipping and for estimating the likely impact the system could have both from an economic and environmental point of view.
Valerio Gatta; Edoardo Marcucci; Marialisa Nigro; Sergio Maria Patella; Simone Serafini. Public Transport-Based Crowdshipping for Sustainable City Logistics: Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts. Sustainability 2018, 11, 145 .
AMA StyleValerio Gatta, Edoardo Marcucci, Marialisa Nigro, Sergio Maria Patella, Simone Serafini. Public Transport-Based Crowdshipping for Sustainable City Logistics: Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValerio Gatta; Edoardo Marcucci; Marialisa Nigro; Sergio Maria Patella; Simone Serafini. 2018. "Public Transport-Based Crowdshipping for Sustainable City Logistics: Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 145.
Ernesto Cipriani; Gaetano Fusco; Sergio Maria Patella; Marco Petrelli; Luca Quadrifoglio. Transit network design for small-medium size cities. Transportation Planning and Technology 2018, 42, 84 -97.
AMA StyleErnesto Cipriani, Gaetano Fusco, Sergio Maria Patella, Marco Petrelli, Luca Quadrifoglio. Transit network design for small-medium size cities. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2018; 42 (1):84-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnesto Cipriani; Gaetano Fusco; Sergio Maria Patella; Marco Petrelli; Luca Quadrifoglio. 2018. "Transit network design for small-medium size cities." Transportation Planning and Technology 42, no. 1: 84-97.