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Prof. Dr. Bo Yeon Lee
University of Suwon

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0 Cement
0 Hydration
0 NOx adsorption
0 Durability
0 cement based composites

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Conference paper
Published: 04 September 2020 in 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings
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InTEL : Interactive Toolkit for Engineering Learning Abstract Statics, a foundational engineering course, introduces a unique approach to problem solving, which is characterized by model-based reasoning. The major intended course outcome is for students to develop the ability to create and utilize free body diagrams as a mechanism for describing and constraining a problem. This ability to abstract and define an idealized problem from complex objects in the world or textual descriptions ratchets the engineer's ability to solve the problem. Sadly, however, students routinely leave this course having learned to "plug and chug" or jump to a mathematical equation without first defining the problem in a diagrammatic form that articulates the underlying principles. This can lead to serious problems in future courses as the fundamental approach to engineering problem solving has not been understood or embraced. As a foundational course, difficulties here can impact student academic confidence resulting in a diminished sense of self-efficacy that is particularly problematic when amplified by gender and under-represented (URM) minorities issues. And such faltering so early in the major can cause a student to leave engineering. While difficulties in the course arise for several reasons, our project seeks to address the problem of context. Our hypothesis is that women and minorities particularly, and students generally, are more likely to do well in statics when the problems are placed in the context of real world usefulness. An approach to teaching that effectively scaffolds students' efforts at model building and connects abstract principles/concepts to real world, every day applications will benefit all students while promoting diversity in engineering. Towards that end, we are developing InTEL (Interactive Toolkit for Engineering Education), a computer-based manipulable environment that supports teaching and learning in statics by mapping images from real-world environments to abstract diagrams for 2D and 3D equilibrium problems. With such digital technology, statics professors will be able to offer students important scaffolding for developing model-based reasoning by contextualizing abstract concepts and principles in lifelike models. Interacting with and manipulating these models will help students develop the kind of intuition that characterizes engineering reasoning and problem solving. Introduction Numerous national studies have pointed to the need to increase enrollment in engineering programs and to graduate a more diverse population of engineers, although the exact numbers and level of training remain controversial1. China, India, and other developing countries produce many more engineers than the United States 2, while many industrialized nations, including the United Kingdom, South Korea, Germany, and Japan, produce a higher percentage of science and engineering graduates than the U.S. 3. Currently one fourth of the U.S. science and engineering workforce is over 50 and one third of them were born outside the U.S.3, but visa restrictions and increased international competition are expected to reduce the number of international students studying and remaining to work in the United States engineering workforce after graduation 4. African American, Hispanic and other racial/ethnic minorities make up 6% of the S&E workforce, and women make up 25%. These percentages contrast sharply with the demographics of these groups in the current overall population and workforce; by 2020 over 40% of college-aged students will be racially/ethnically diverse3.

ACS Style

Calvin Ashmore; Bo Yeon Lee; Geoff Thomas; Daniel Upton; Sneha Harrell; Christine Valle; Wendy Newstetter; Janet Murray; Laurence Jacobs; Sue Rosser. Intel: Interactive Toolkit For Engineering Education. 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings 2020, 13.778.1 -13.778.12.

AMA Style

Calvin Ashmore, Bo Yeon Lee, Geoff Thomas, Daniel Upton, Sneha Harrell, Christine Valle, Wendy Newstetter, Janet Murray, Laurence Jacobs, Sue Rosser. Intel: Interactive Toolkit For Engineering Education. 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. 2020; ():13.778.1-13.778.12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Calvin Ashmore; Bo Yeon Lee; Geoff Thomas; Daniel Upton; Sneha Harrell; Christine Valle; Wendy Newstetter; Janet Murray; Laurence Jacobs; Sue Rosser. 2020. "Intel: Interactive Toolkit For Engineering Education." 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings , no. : 13.778.1-13.778.12.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The behavior of a slab-column joint subjected to blast loads was studied by numerical analysis using a general-purpose finite element analysis program, LS-DYNA. Under the explosive load, the joint region known as the stress disturbed zone was defined as a region with a scaled distance of 0.1 m/kg1/3 or less through comparison with ConWep’s empirical formula. Displacement and support rotation according to Trinitrotoluene (TNT) weight and scaled distance were investigated by dividing in and out of the joint region. In addition, fracture volume was newly proposed as an evaluation factor for blast-resistant performance, and it was confirmed that the degree of damage to a member due to blast loads was well represented by the fracture volume. Finally, a prediction equation for the blast-resistant performance of the slab-column joint was proposed, and the reliability and accuracy of the equation were verified through additional numerical analysis.

ACS Style

Kwang Mo Lim; Do Guen Yoo; Bo Yeon Lee; Joo Ha Lee. Prediction of Damage Level of Slab-Column Joints under Blast Load. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5837 .

AMA Style

Kwang Mo Lim, Do Guen Yoo, Bo Yeon Lee, Joo Ha Lee. Prediction of Damage Level of Slab-Column Joints under Blast Load. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):5837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwang Mo Lim; Do Guen Yoo; Bo Yeon Lee; Joo Ha Lee. 2020. "Prediction of Damage Level of Slab-Column Joints under Blast Load." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 5837.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2020 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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The accurate measurement of effective absorption capacity is crucial for highly absorptive materials when they are used within cement-based materials. In this study, a method for examining effective absorption capacity using isothermal calorimetry is reviewed and investigated in detail to accommodate different circumstances. Specifically, the effect of different pore structures and water-to-cement ratios in determining effective absorption capacity is experimentally examined using activated carbon fibre and powdered activated carbon. The results suggest that the method may be suitable for porous materials with micropores but not suitable for those with mesopores. Also, the results indicate that the effective absorption capacity value can change with the water-to-cement ratio used. These findings can be used to find the effective absorption capacity of highly absorptive materials more accurately using the isothermal calorimetry method.

ACS Style

Joo-Ha Lee; Do Guen Yoo; Bo Yeon Lee. Effective Absorption Capacity Examined by Isothermal Calorimetry: Effect of Pore Structure and Water-to-Cement Ratio. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Joo-Ha Lee, Do Guen Yoo, Bo Yeon Lee. Effective Absorption Capacity Examined by Isothermal Calorimetry: Effect of Pore Structure and Water-to-Cement Ratio. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joo-Ha Lee; Do Guen Yoo; Bo Yeon Lee. 2020. "Effective Absorption Capacity Examined by Isothermal Calorimetry: Effect of Pore Structure and Water-to-Cement Ratio." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Advances in Cement Research
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While it is well known that photocatalytic titanium dioxide nanoparticles effectively decompose atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx), the long-term effects of the photocatalytic oxidation on the cementitious substrate have not been well-explored. In this study, cement paste samples containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles were exposed to multiple cycles of nitrogen dioxide gas and UV, along with wetting and drying, to simulate the effects of field exposure. Photocatalytic efficiency was monitored at each cycle and surface of the samples was examined visually, chemically, and mechanically between the cycles. The results indicate that the NO2 oxidation efficiency decreased with cycling, possibly due to carbonation of the paste or loss of TiO2 particles. The pits found from the SEM images indicate there has been deterioration on the sample surfaces. Observations of surface deterioration imply possible acid attack, leaching, and/or loss of TiO2, suggesting that particularly the surfaces of cement-based materials can be negatively affected by photocatalysis.

ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Durability of photocatalytic cement subjected to nitrogen dioxide and wet–dry cycling. Advances in Cement Research 2020, 32, 139 -147.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Durability of photocatalytic cement subjected to nitrogen dioxide and wet–dry cycling. Advances in Cement Research. 2020; 32 (4):139-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2020. "Durability of photocatalytic cement subjected to nitrogen dioxide and wet–dry cycling." Advances in Cement Research 32, no. 4: 139-147.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Water
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Water supply facilities such as waterworks systems are facilities that supply residential and industrial water essential for humans to live and it is essential for these facilities to be prepared for earthquake hazards. In the present study, new hydraulic analysis procedures that can complement problems in existing model were proposed for performance quantification under seismic hazards. Detailed procedures for estimating the serviceability of water supply networks using pressure dependent demand (PDD) and pressure dependent leakage (PDL) techniques were proposed. The developed methodologies can simulate many pipe leakage and breakage situations more realistically. The methodologies were applied to representative pipe networks to investigate the models and new performance quantification indicators were additionally presented. The developed models are judged to be usable as a basic tool finding for guidelines because they can simultaneously quantify the amount of leakage calculated from the viewpoint of suppliers as well as the water availability of consumers when an earthquake hazard has occurred.

ACS Style

Do Guen Yoo; Joo Ha Lee; Bo Yeon Lee. Comparative Study of Hydraulic Simulation Techniques for Water Supply Networks under Earthquake Hazard. Water 2019, 11, 333 .

AMA Style

Do Guen Yoo, Joo Ha Lee, Bo Yeon Lee. Comparative Study of Hydraulic Simulation Techniques for Water Supply Networks under Earthquake Hazard. Water. 2019; 11 (2):333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Do Guen Yoo; Joo Ha Lee; Bo Yeon Lee. 2019. "Comparative Study of Hydraulic Simulation Techniques for Water Supply Networks under Earthquake Hazard." Water 11, no. 2: 333.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Cement and Concrete Research
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ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Effect of pore structure on salt crystallization damage of cement-based materials: Consideration of w/b and nanoparticle use. Cement and Concrete Research 2017, 98, 61 -70.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Effect of pore structure on salt crystallization damage of cement-based materials: Consideration of w/b and nanoparticle use. Cement and Concrete Research. 2017; 98 ():61-70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2017. "Effect of pore structure on salt crystallization damage of cement-based materials: Consideration of w/b and nanoparticle use." Cement and Concrete Research 98, no. : 61-70.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in ACI Materials Journal
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ACS Style

Amal R. Jayapalan; Bo Yeon Lee; Eva M. Land; Michael H. Bergin; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Photocatalytic Efficiency of Cement-Based Materials: Demonstration of Proposed Test Method. ACI Materials Journal 2015, 112, 1 .

AMA Style

Amal R. Jayapalan, Bo Yeon Lee, Eva M. Land, Michael H. Bergin, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Photocatalytic Efficiency of Cement-Based Materials: Demonstration of Proposed Test Method. ACI Materials Journal. 2015; 112 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal R. Jayapalan; Bo Yeon Lee; Eva M. Land; Michael H. Bergin; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2015. "Photocatalytic Efficiency of Cement-Based Materials: Demonstration of Proposed Test Method." ACI Materials Journal 112, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2014 in Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Durability of Photocatalytic Cement after Nitric Oxide-Wet-Dry Cycling. Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 2014, 14, 359 -368.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Durability of Photocatalytic Cement after Nitric Oxide-Wet-Dry Cycling. Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction. 2014; 14 (4):359-368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2014. "Durability of Photocatalytic Cement after Nitric Oxide-Wet-Dry Cycling." Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 14, no. 4: 359-368.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Cement and Concrete Research
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ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Amal R. Jayapalan; Michael H. Bergin; Kimberly Kurtis. Photocatalytic cement exposed to nitrogen oxides: Effect of oxidation and binding. Cement and Concrete Research 2014, 60, 30 -36.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Amal R. Jayapalan, Michael H. Bergin, Kimberly Kurtis. Photocatalytic cement exposed to nitrogen oxides: Effect of oxidation and binding. Cement and Concrete Research. 2014; 60 ():30-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Amal R. Jayapalan; Michael H. Bergin; Kimberly Kurtis. 2014. "Photocatalytic cement exposed to nitrogen oxides: Effect of oxidation and binding." Cement and Concrete Research 60, no. : 30-36.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2013 in Magazine of Concrete Research
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The effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on early age and long-term properties of cement-based materials is examined experimentally through isothermal calorimetry, chemical shrinkage, setting time, compressive strength and surface microhardness, where part of the cement is replaced with TiO2. Early age hydration is accelerated by TiO2 nanoparticles which also increase degrees of hydration of Portland cement, as evidenced by isothermal calorimetry and chemical shrinkage results. With increasing amounts of TiO2, setting time is reduced, despite decreasing cement content, due to TiO2 replacement, again showing accelerated hydration. Comparing TiO2–cement composites from two different TiO2 manufacturers, results suggest that size of nanoparticles and dispersability are critical in the rate of hydration, with smaller size agglomerates, but not necessarily smaller size particles, producing a greater effect. Compressive strength increases with higher TiO2 nanoparticle replacement at lower water-to-solids ratio (w/s = 0·40) and strength is not compromised by up to 10% TiO2 replacement at higher w/s = 0·60. However, microhardness of the composite decreases with higher TiO2 amount. Broadly, these results indicate that mineral addition as cement replacement can be optimised in terms of dosage and dispersability to achieve lower cement fractions without compromising strength, but that the potential for reductions in hardness should be considered. The effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on early age and long-term properties of cement-based materials is examined experimentally through isothermal calorimetry, chemical shrinkage, setting time, compressive strength and surface microhardness, where part of the cement is replaced with TiO2. Early age hydration is accelerated by TiO2 nanoparticles which also increase degrees of hydration of Portland cement, as evidenced by isothermal calorimetry and chemical shrinkage results. With increasing amounts of TiO2, setting time is reduced, despite decreasing cement content, due to TiO2 replacement, again showing accelerated hydration. Comparing TiO2–cement composites from two different TiO2 manufacturers, results suggest that size of nanoparticles and dispersability are critical in the rate of hydration, with smaller size agglomerates, but not necessarily smaller size particles, producing a greater effect. Compressive strength increases with higher TiO2 nanoparticle replacement at lower water-to-solids ratio (w/s = 0·40) and strength is not compromised by up to 10% TiO2 replacement at higher w/s = 0·60. However, microhardness of the composite decreases with higher TiO2 amount. Broadly, these results indicate that mineral addition as cement replacement can be optimised in terms of dosage and dispersability to achieve lower cement fractions without compromising strength, but that the potential for reductions in hardness should be considered.

ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Amal R. Jayapalan; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Effects of nano-TiO2on properties of cement-based materials. Magazine of Concrete Research 2013, 65, 1293 -1302.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Amal R. Jayapalan, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Effects of nano-TiO2on properties of cement-based materials. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2013; 65 (21):1293-1302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Amal R. Jayapalan; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2013. "Effects of nano-TiO2on properties of cement-based materials." Magazine of Concrete Research 65, no. 21: 1293-1302.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2013 in Cement and Concrete Composites
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ACS Style

Amal R. Jayapalan; Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly Kurtis. Can nanotechnology be ‘green’? Comparing efficacy of nano and microparticles in cementitious materials. Cement and Concrete Composites 2013, 36, 16 -24.

AMA Style

Amal R. Jayapalan, Bo Yeon Lee, Kimberly Kurtis. Can nanotechnology be ‘green’? Comparing efficacy of nano and microparticles in cementitious materials. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2013; 36 ():16-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal R. Jayapalan; Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly Kurtis. 2013. "Can nanotechnology be ‘green’? Comparing efficacy of nano and microparticles in cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Composites 36, no. : 16-24.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2011 in Journal of the American Ceramic Society
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The effect of chemically inert nanoparticles of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) on hydration rate of belite (β‐C2S) was studied using isothermal calorimetry. The TiO2 was added to β‐C2S paste at 0%, 5%, and 10% by mass. The results indicate that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles shorten the induction period and accelerate hydration beyond 3 days, showing rate peaks at 40 days of age. The cumulative heat data suggests that TiO2‐containing C2S pastes increase in degree of hydration at 90 days by 47% compared to neat C2S pastes. These results suggest that addition of inert nanoparticles could potentially promote earlier strength gain of C2S in cement, ameliorating a perceived deficiency in cement compositions which could contribute to sustainability in terms of lower CO2 emissions and lower energy use compared to traditional chemistries.

ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Proposed Acceleratory Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Belite Hydration: Preliminary Results. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2011, 95, 365 -368.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Proposed Acceleratory Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Belite Hydration: Preliminary Results. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2011; 95 (1):365-368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2011. "Proposed Acceleratory Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Belite Hydration: Preliminary Results." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 95, no. 1: 365-368.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2010 in Journal of the American Ceramic Society
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The effect of nanoanatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder on early‐age hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate (C3S) was investigated. Isothermal calorimetry was performed on C3S pastes with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of TiO2 addition by weight, and two mathematical models—the Avrami (or JMAK) model and the boundary nucleation model (BN model)—were fitted to the data. For all of the mixes, the addition of TiO2 increased the peak reaction rate, and increased the degree of hydration at 12 and 24 h. The rate of hydration of 10% and 15% TiO2 pastes were accelerated, while the 5% TiO2 paste was delayed, lengthening the induction period as compared with the control paste. The model fits demonstrate that the BN model captures the kinetics of the reaction better, particularly in the deceleration period, than the Avrami model. This is related to the ratio of rate parameters (kB/kG) of the BN model, that the increasing ratio gives a more unsymmetrical shape of a rate curve. The increase in kB/kG with TiO2 addition at 5%, 10%, and 15% suggests that hydration product is formed on or near the surfaces of TiO2 particles, as well as on the C3S surface. These results demonstrate that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles accelerates the early hydration by providing additional nucleation sites, forming the foundation for future optimization of photocatalytic and other nanoparticle‐containing cements.

ACS Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Early C3S Hydration. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2010, 93, 3399 -3405.

AMA Style

Bo Yeon Lee, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Early C3S Hydration. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2010; 93 (10):3399-3405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yeon Lee; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2010. "Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Early C3S Hydration." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 10: 3399-3405.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
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The performance and properties of cement-based materials can potentially be altered by the addition of nano-sized inclusions. In this study, the effect of chemically nonreactive anatase TiO2 nanoparticles on early-age hydration of cement was investigated. First, the effects of different percentage addition rates of TiO2 to portland cement on early-age behavior were examined through isothermal calorimetry and measurements of chemical shrinkage. On the basis of accelerations in hydration observed in TiO2 portland cements, additional experiments were performed with tricalcium silicate (C3S), the main strength-giving mineral component of portland cement, to determine whether the influence of TiO2 could be adequately described by a kinetic model that relies on boundary nucleation theory. Comparison of the experimental results and the modeling showed that (a) an increase in addition rates of TiO2 accelerates the rate of cement hydration and (b) the heterogeneous nucleation effect rather than the dilution effect was dominant. The result of the boundary nucleation model reinforces the concept of the heterogeneous nucleation effect and demonstrates that the surface area provided by nano-TiO2 particles increases the rate of hydration reaction. This research forms the foundation for future studies aimed at optimizing photocatalytic and other nanoparticle-containing cements.

ACS Style

Amal R. Jayapalan; Bo Yeon Lee; Sarah M. Fredrich; Kimberly E. Kurtis. Influence of Additions of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles on Early-Age Properties of Cement-Based Materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2010, 2141, 41 -46.

AMA Style

Amal R. Jayapalan, Bo Yeon Lee, Sarah M. Fredrich, Kimberly E. Kurtis. Influence of Additions of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles on Early-Age Properties of Cement-Based Materials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2010; 2141 (1):41-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal R. Jayapalan; Bo Yeon Lee; Sarah M. Fredrich; Kimberly E. Kurtis. 2010. "Influence of Additions of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles on Early-Age Properties of Cement-Based Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2141, no. 1: 41-46.