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Chenghua Shi
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Short communication
Published: 03 August 2021 in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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Most of the existing studies on seismic active earth pressure evaluation use a pseudo-static method to consider seismic actions and are carried out under two-dimensional conditions. However, the pseudo-static approach characterizes the earthquake acceleration as a constant, which is a simplified mode and neglects some crucial seismic inputs. Additionally, the collapse of retained soil masses has a three-dimensional (3D) feature in practice. In this study, a framework that combines the kinematic approach of limit analysis and a pseudo-dynamic approach was established to predict 3D seismic active earth pressures in cohesive backfills with cracks. The resultant active earth pressure was obtained from the work-energy balance equation and was expressed by a dimensionless coefficient. The proposed approach was validated by comparison with an extant study. The results indicate that considering 3D effects and soil cohesion can trigger a distinct decrease in the active earth pressure, whereas the consideration of cracks and seismic effects has the opposite effect.

ACS Style

Mingfeng Lei; Jin Li; Chenyang Zhao; Chenghua Shi; Weichao Yang; E. Deng. Pseudo-dynamic analysis of three-dimensional active earth pressures in cohesive backfills with cracks. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 2021, 150, 106917 .

AMA Style

Mingfeng Lei, Jin Li, Chenyang Zhao, Chenghua Shi, Weichao Yang, E. Deng. Pseudo-dynamic analysis of three-dimensional active earth pressures in cohesive backfills with cracks. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2021; 150 ():106917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mingfeng Lei; Jin Li; Chenyang Zhao; Chenghua Shi; Weichao Yang; E. Deng. 2021. "Pseudo-dynamic analysis of three-dimensional active earth pressures in cohesive backfills with cracks." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 150, no. : 106917.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2021 in Water
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At present, jet-grouted horizontal waterproof curtain reinforcement has become an essential method for deep foundation pit groundwater control. However, there is still a lack of an effective theoretical calculation method for horizontal waterproof curtain reinforcement, and there is little research on the seepage laws of foundation pits under different horizontal waterproof curtain conditions. Based on Darcy’s seepage theory, theoretical analysis models of deep foundation pit seepage were established considering the effect of a horizontal curtain in a highly permeable formation. Through the established models, the calculation method of the water inflow and the water pressure under the condition of a horizontal curtain was derived. Then through indoor tests, the reliability of the theoretical calculation method was verified. Furthermore, the established theoretical calculation method is used to analyze the influence of various factors on the water inflow and the water pressure, such as the ratio of hydraulic conductivity of the horizontal curtain to surrounding soil, thickness, and reinforcement position of the horizontal curtain. It is found that the hydraulic conductivity ratio has the most significant influence on the seepage characteristics of the foundation pit. Finally, the design method was applied to an example of the horizontal waterproof curtain of the foundation pit, which is located at Juyuanzhou Station in Fuzhou (China). The water inflow per unit area is 0.36 m3/d in the foundation pit, and this implies that the design method of the horizontal waterproof curtain applied for the excavation case is good and meets the requirements of design and safety.

ACS Style

Chenghua Shi; Xiaohe Sun; Shengli Liu; Chengyong Cao; Linghui Liu; Mingfeng Lei. Analysis of Seepage Characteristics of a Foundation Pit with Horizontal Waterproof Curtain in Highly Permeable Strata. Water 2021, 13, 1303 .

AMA Style

Chenghua Shi, Xiaohe Sun, Shengli Liu, Chengyong Cao, Linghui Liu, Mingfeng Lei. Analysis of Seepage Characteristics of a Foundation Pit with Horizontal Waterproof Curtain in Highly Permeable Strata. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenghua Shi; Xiaohe Sun; Shengli Liu; Chengyong Cao; Linghui Liu; Mingfeng Lei. 2021. "Analysis of Seepage Characteristics of a Foundation Pit with Horizontal Waterproof Curtain in Highly Permeable Strata." Water 13, no. 9: 1303.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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Shield tunnels with great longitudinal differential deformations will adversely affect the service performance and optional safety of the metro system. Previous studies on the longitudinal mechanical behavior of shield tunnel are mostly carried out within the framework of elastic or elastic–plastic theory. However, assuming the concrete as elastoplastic body cannot properly reflect its nonlinear mechanical characteristics such as strain softening, stiffness degradation, etc., while damage or crack inevitably occurs when shield tunnel suffers large deformations. Therefore, the nonlinear damage characteristics of concrete material are considered in this paper, a novel positive/negative decomposition of stress tensor in energy norm is introduced herein to consider the asymmetric tensile/compressive material behavior of concrete, and a bi–scalar damage constitutive model of concrete is developed in turn. Then, to investigate the damage and degradation mechanisms of shield tunnel with differential deformation, the 3D discontinuous contact model is employed to develop the elaborate tunnel–soil numerical model. Results show that when shield tunnel suffers differential deformation, tensile damage dominates while compressive damage is minor, additional shear force and bending moment are induced, the ovality of tunnel cross section and serviceability also vary along the longitudinal direction. The damage and degradation of concrete material will reduce the tunnel integral stiffness and attenuate its ability to resist longitudinal and circumferential deformation. Besides, the segmental rebar is hard to yield, while the longitudinal coupling bolts on the lower half of tunnel segments with large deformation are inclined to yield. It should be noted that, the segmental rings near the inflection point of longitudinal deformation profile are most severely damaged, and exhibit the largest convergence deformation and lowest serviceability, where special attentions should be paid.

ACS Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Zuxian Wang; Mingfeng Lei; Dan Zhao; Chengyong Cao. Damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel with longitudinal differential deformation based on elastoplastic damage model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2021, 113, 103952 .

AMA Style

Jianwen Liu, Chenghua Shi, Zuxian Wang, Mingfeng Lei, Dan Zhao, Chengyong Cao. Damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel with longitudinal differential deformation based on elastoplastic damage model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2021; 113 ():103952.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Zuxian Wang; Mingfeng Lei; Dan Zhao; Chengyong Cao. 2021. "Damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel with longitudinal differential deformation based on elastoplastic damage model." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 113, no. : 103952.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Engineering Failure Analysis
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Adjacent construction of soil excavations will adversely affect the service performance and optional safety of existing shield tunnels. Previous relevant studies on the excavation–induced responses of shield tunnel are mostly carried out within the framework of elastic or elastoplastic theory, despite the concrete inherent nonlinear damage mechanical characteristics such as strain softening, stiffness degradation, etc. Whereas damage or crack may inevitably occur when subjected to large deformations. Therefore, this paper presents a rational modelling procedure for the damage mechanism and serviceability of shield tunnel under unloading based on damage constitutive model of concrete, the nonlinear damage characteristics of concrete material are considered. First, a novel positive/negative decomposition strategy in energy norm is introduced herein to consider the asymmetric tensile/compressive material behavior of concrete, and a bi–scalar damage constitutive model is developed in turn. This damage constitutive model is then cast into the hybrid soil–tunnel numerical model that is constructed based on 3D nonlinear contact theory and the multiscale mixed modelling technology. Results show that when shield tunnel suffers unloading stress, tension damage dominates while compression damage is minor, additional shear force and bending moment are induced, the ovality of tunnel cross section and serviceability also vary along the tunnel longitudinal direction. The damage and degradation of concrete material will reduce the tunnel load–carrying capability and attenuate its ability to resist longitudinal heave and convergence deformation. Besides, the longitudinal coupling bolts on the tunnel upper part within the region between the two inflection points are prone to yield. It should be noted that, the segmental rings near the inflection point are most severely damaged, and exhibit the largest convergence deformation and lowest serviceability, where special attentions should be paid. It is demonstrated that the proposed modelling procedure is competent to capture the shield tunnel responses due to unloading.

ACS Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Mingfeng Lei; Zuxian Wang; Chengyong Cao; Yuexiang Lin. A study on damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel under unloading based on damage–plasticity model of concrete. Engineering Failure Analysis 2021, 123, 105261 .

AMA Style

Jianwen Liu, Chenghua Shi, Mingfeng Lei, Zuxian Wang, Chengyong Cao, Yuexiang Lin. A study on damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel under unloading based on damage–plasticity model of concrete. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2021; 123 ():105261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Mingfeng Lei; Zuxian Wang; Chengyong Cao; Yuexiang Lin. 2021. "A study on damage mechanism modelling of shield tunnel under unloading based on damage–plasticity model of concrete." Engineering Failure Analysis 123, no. : 105261.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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Structural health monitoring (SHM) combined with digital image technology has been widely applied to infrastructure operation management. However, the linear illumination of the tunnel and the various lining diseases limit the quality of lining-crack recognition. In this article, a novel tunnel-lining crack recognition system is established. The system involves three main procedures: image preprocessing and enhancement, feature extraction, and crack characterization. To meet tunnel environmental conditions, mature image enhancement and morphological algorithms are packaged into the system; meanwhile, this paper proposes differentiated noise filtering and an improved segmenting method combining adaptive partitioning, edge detection and threshold method to improve the recognition accuracy. A self-regulating calibration method that uses parallel projection is also applied to crack characterization, achieving real-time size calibration. The results of experiments to compare the effects of the proposed system and field application tests confirm the stability and reliability of the system. A further deviation factor analysis provides reasonable suggestions for system improvement.

ACS Style

Mingfeng Lei; Linghui Liu; Chenghua Shi; Yuan Tan; Yuexiang Lin; Weidong Wang. A novel tunnel-lining crack recognition system based on digital image technology. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2020, 108, 103724 .

AMA Style

Mingfeng Lei, Linghui Liu, Chenghua Shi, Yuan Tan, Yuexiang Lin, Weidong Wang. A novel tunnel-lining crack recognition system based on digital image technology. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2020; 108 ():103724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mingfeng Lei; Linghui Liu; Chenghua Shi; Yuan Tan; Yuexiang Lin; Weidong Wang. 2020. "A novel tunnel-lining crack recognition system based on digital image technology." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 108, no. : 103724.

Original article
Published: 31 October 2020 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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This paper presents a case study of groundwater control for a deep excavation into confined aquifers in Fuzhou, China. Field pumping tests were first carried out prior to the excavation to investigate the groundwater conditions at the site and as well as to evaluate the feasibility of previous designed dewatering systems (34 m diaphragm walls together with pumping wells). The results showed that under the condition of previous dewatering systems it would have been extremely difficult to safely lower the water level inside the excavation. A co-working scenario of partially penetrating curtains and horizontal waterproof curtain with jet grouting was then proposed to control groundwater inflows. Additional water-tightness assessment tests (WAT) were then performed that allowed to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method. From the feedbacks of WAT, this proposed scenario not only successfully lowered the water lever inside the excavation below the excavation bottom (maximum drawdown up to 14.9 m), but also it minimized the drawdown outside the excavation (less than 0.2 m). Furthermore, an approach was proposed to approximately estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the jet-grouting at the real site from the result of WAT. The hydraulic conductivity of jet-grouted soil is three orders of magnitude lower than that of the original sediments.

ACS Style

Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi; Linghui Liu; Jianwen Liu. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an alternative to control groundwater inflow during a deep excavation into confined aquifers. Environmental Earth Sciences 2020, 79, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Chengyong Cao, Chenghua Shi, Linghui Liu, Jianwen Liu. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an alternative to control groundwater inflow during a deep excavation into confined aquifers. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2020; 79 (22):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi; Linghui Liu; Jianwen Liu. 2020. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of an alternative to control groundwater inflow during a deep excavation into confined aquifers." Environmental Earth Sciences 79, no. 22: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Tridimensional cross tunnels usually manifest the vulnerable components of a high-speed railway caused by the sophistication of the structural pattern and the continuous shock from the train. The frequent defect of tunnel lining at the intersection would affect the safe operation of the two rails. As a result, attention has been paid to fatigue damage caused by the long-term dynamic load from a running train, in order to ensure the safety and serviceability of the cross tunnel lining. However, an influence zoning method with respect to tunnel crossing for the direct estimation of whether the lining structure is damaged due to the train load, and to what extent, is unavailable. In this paper, a systematic study that consists of numerical simulation and fatigue damage experiment is conducted to develop an approximate method to enable practicing engineers to evaluate reasonable design parameters. The initial static stress, which corresponds to the static tensile stress of secondary lining under the stratum load, and the maximum dynamic stress, which refers to the maximum dynamic tensile stress under the train load, are estimated according to the numerical simulation. A simplified damage evolution model and its parameters are identified on the basis of a systematic fatigue damage experiment. Finally, the influence zoning method is conducted on the basis of two criteria, namely (1) that initial stress level should not exceed 0.6, and (2) that load cycles should not exceed N = 2 × 106 times. Thus, the practicing parameters during the cross tunnel design, such as surrounding rock mass, cross angle, rock pillar thickness between two tunnels, and train speed can be utilized conveniently by using the proposed calculation charts, according to the identification of initial stress level and the magnitude of dynamic stresses caused by the train load.

ACS Style

Weichao Yang; E Deng; Chenghua Shi; Ning Liu; Ruizhen Fei; Huan Yue. Lining Fatigue Test and Influence Zoning of Tridimensional Cross-Tunnel under High-Speed Train Loads. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5694 .

AMA Style

Weichao Yang, E Deng, Chenghua Shi, Ning Liu, Ruizhen Fei, Huan Yue. Lining Fatigue Test and Influence Zoning of Tridimensional Cross-Tunnel under High-Speed Train Loads. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (16):5694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weichao Yang; E Deng; Chenghua Shi; Ning Liu; Ruizhen Fei; Huan Yue. 2020. "Lining Fatigue Test and Influence Zoning of Tridimensional Cross-Tunnel under High-Speed Train Loads." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16: 5694.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Applied Sciences
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This study aims to investigate the effect of the spatial variability of grouting-layer thickness on ground-surface settlement caused by shield tunneling and to provide a rational prediction method. The spatial characteristics of grouting layers were obtained based on statistical analysis. The random finite element method was used to study the effect of spatial variability of different parameters on ground-surface settlement. Simulation results indicate that the spatial variability of the grouting layer has a negative impact on ground settlement. The surface settlement will be underestimated without considering the spatial characteristics of the grouting layer. Thus, a reliable prediction approach of the maximum ground settlement was proposed to control the construction quality.

ACS Style

Zhongzheng Wang; Dalong Jin; Chenghua Shi. Spatial Variability of Grouting Layer of Shield Tunnel and Its Effect on Ground Settlement. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5002 .

AMA Style

Zhongzheng Wang, Dalong Jin, Chenghua Shi. Spatial Variability of Grouting Layer of Shield Tunnel and Its Effect on Ground Settlement. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (14):5002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhongzheng Wang; Dalong Jin; Chenghua Shi. 2020. "Spatial Variability of Grouting Layer of Shield Tunnel and Its Effect on Ground Settlement." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14: 5002.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The crossing area is a vulnerable component of the interchange high-speed railway tunnel because of the high-static stress level and the long-term dynamic train load in the operation period. Although attention has been paid to this problem, the response characteristics of high-speed railway tunnel lining at the cross position under the dynamic train load may still need further research as very little investigation is available on this issue at present. In this paper, the initial stress state and dynamic response characteristics of tunnel lining were studied using the three-dimensional finite element method. Furthermore, the damage evolutionary characteristics of the tunnel inverted arch under dynamic and initial static loads were researched using a set of self-developed indoor fatigue test devices. The size of the test box is 400 × 300 × 250 mm (length × width × height). Numerical simulation results indicate that the displacement and stress levels of tunnel lining are very high at the cross position. The stress increment of tunnel lining due to the dynamic train load is more likely to induce a break in the tunnel lining at this position. The indoor fatigue tests reveal that the change of structural strain increment amplitude and strain ratio is obvious when the dynamic load stress level is higher. It is better for dynamic stress levels not to exceed 0.6 times of structural tensile strength to avoid the tunnel lining being damaged in the long-time service period. The initial static load has an influence on the tunnel inverted arch, and the static stress level should be lower than 0.65 times of structural tensile strength to ensure the tunnel has long-time serviceability. This paper provides a reference for the future design of new cross tunnels and the operation safety evaluation and disease regulation of existing high-speed railway tunnels.

ACS Style

Ang Wang; Chenghua Shi; Chenyang Zhao; E Deng; Weichao Yang; Hong He. Response Characteristics of Cross Tunnel Lining under Dynamic Train Load. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4406 .

AMA Style

Ang Wang, Chenghua Shi, Chenyang Zhao, E Deng, Weichao Yang, Hong He. Response Characteristics of Cross Tunnel Lining under Dynamic Train Load. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):4406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ang Wang; Chenghua Shi; Chenyang Zhao; E Deng; Weichao Yang; Hong He. 2020. "Response Characteristics of Cross Tunnel Lining under Dynamic Train Load." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 4406.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2020 in Computers and Geotechnics
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Owing to the rapid growth of urban population and fast developments of urbanization, new pit excavations are inevitably conducted in close proximity to existing structures, which will cause additional displacement and internal force to piles in turn adversely impact the surrounding structures. Thus, it’s a major challenge to reasonably predict the pile response to new excavations. Previous analytical methods generally ultimate Euler–Bernoulli beam with Winkler found to consider the pile–soil interactions and treat the foundation as homogeneous and continuous, while the shearing effect of the pile, excavation–induced disturbance to the pile surrounding soil and the inherent properties of the natural multi–layered strata are neglected. This study develops an improved analytical solution to evaluate the effects of adjacent excavations on a pile. The pile–soil interaction is simulated using a Timoshenko beam resting on a Vlazov foundation and the explicit solutions are derived using the finite differential method, based on which the pile shear characteristics and inhomogeneity of multilayer soils are further considered. The proposed method is tested against a numerical analysis and a field case study, the maximum errors of the predicted and simulated pile deflections are 4.5% and 1.8% under different excavation depth, respectively, predictions given by the proposed method show good agreements with the numerical results and the field measurements. Further discussions are performed to investigate the applicability of the proposed method from three aspects, including foundation models, shear characteristics of piles and inhomogeneity of soils. The discussions indicate that the proposed method is robust and able to be applied to most engineering projects.

ACS Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Chengyong Cao; Mingfeng Lei; Zuxian Wang. Improved analytical method for pile response due to foundation pit excavation. Computers and Geotechnics 2020, 123, 103609 .

AMA Style

Jianwen Liu, Chenghua Shi, Chengyong Cao, Mingfeng Lei, Zuxian Wang. Improved analytical method for pile response due to foundation pit excavation. Computers and Geotechnics. 2020; 123 ():103609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Chengyong Cao; Mingfeng Lei; Zuxian Wang. 2020. "Improved analytical method for pile response due to foundation pit excavation." Computers and Geotechnics 123, no. : 103609.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Sudden variation of aerodynamic loads is a potential source of safety accidents of high-speed trains (HSTs). As a follow-up investigation on the aerodynamic response of a HST that enters a tunnel under crosswind environment, this paper focuses on the transient response of a HST’s safety indices based on the train–track coupling interaction model. Firstly, a wind–train–track coupling dynamic model is proposed by introducing transient aerodynamic loads into the vehicle–track system. Secondly, the temporal evolution of safety coefficients indicates that the train’s safety risk increases during tunnel entry with crosswind. Results show that the derailment coefficients and wheel load reduction rate during tunnel entry are not only larger than those in open air, but also those inside the tunnel are due to the sudden disappearance of wind excitation at the tunnel entrance. In addition, the characteristic wind curve, which is the wind velocity against the train speed, is presented for application based on the current specification of the safety criteria threshold. The investigation will be useful in assessing the safety risk of a running train subjected to other aerodynamic attacks, such as the coupling effect of an infrastructure scenario and crosswind in a windy area.

ACS Style

Weichao Yang; E Deng; Zhihui Zhu; Mingfeng Lei; Chenghua Shi; Hong He. Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains When Entering Tunnel Under Crosswind. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1445 .

AMA Style

Weichao Yang, E Deng, Zhihui Zhu, Mingfeng Lei, Chenghua Shi, Hong He. Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains When Entering Tunnel Under Crosswind. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (4):1445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weichao Yang; E Deng; Zhihui Zhu; Mingfeng Lei; Chenghua Shi; Hong He. 2020. "Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains When Entering Tunnel Under Crosswind." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4: 1445.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2020 in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology
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Adjacent excavations may adversely impact existing shield tunnels. Therefore, evaluating the induced responses of existing tunnels is critical. Previous analytical methods have generally treated shield tunnels as Euler–Bernoulli or Timoshenko beams resting on Winkler or Pasternak foundations to simulate tunnel–soil interactions. However, these methods do not consider excavation–induced disturbance to the surrounding soil and lack sufficient theoretical bases for determining subgrade parameters. This study proposes an improved analytical method that utilizes a Timoshenko beam to simulate a shield tunnel, and that considers the bending and shearing effects on a tunnel. The Vlazov foundation model is introduced to simulate tunnel–soil interactions and to further consider induced disturbance to the surrounding soil. The consistency between the measurements obtained from three case histories and the predictions verifies the proposed method. Then, the verified method is applied to a practical project. Results indicate that the predictions are generally consistent with the in situ measurements. Construction optimizations are also performed to meet the safety requirements and to expedite the construction progress. Finally, parametric analyses are conducted, and their results reveal that the factors, including excavation–tunnel relative distance, ground Young’s modulus and tunnel buried depth, exert considerable influences on the underlying shield tunnel.

ACS Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Mingfeng Lei; Chengyong Cao; Yuexiang Lin. Improved analytical method for evaluating the responses of a shield tunnel to adjacent excavations and its application. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 2020, 98, 103339 .

AMA Style

Jianwen Liu, Chenghua Shi, Mingfeng Lei, Chengyong Cao, Yuexiang Lin. Improved analytical method for evaluating the responses of a shield tunnel to adjacent excavations and its application. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2020; 98 ():103339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianwen Liu; Chenghua Shi; Mingfeng Lei; Chengyong Cao; Yuexiang Lin. 2020. "Improved analytical method for evaluating the responses of a shield tunnel to adjacent excavations and its application." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 98, no. : 103339.

Preprint
Published: 24 January 2020
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Sudden variation of aerodynamic loads is the potential source of safety accidents of high-speed train (HST). As a follow-up investigation on the aerodynamic response of a HST that enters a tunnel under crosswind environment, this paper focuses on the transient response of a HST’s safety indices based on the train–track coupling interaction model. Firstly, a wind–train–track coupling dynamic model is proposed by introducing transient aerodynamic loads into the vehicle–track system. Secondly, the temporal evolution of safety coefficients indicates that the train’s safety risk increases during tunnel entry with crosswind. Results show that the derailment coefficients and wheel load reduction rate during tunnel entry are not only larger than those in open air but also those inside the tunnel due to the sudden disappearance of wind excitation at the tunnel entrance. In addition, the characteristic wind curve, which is the wind velocity against the train speed, is presented for application based on the current specification of the safety criteria threshold. The investigation will be useful in assessing the safety risk of a running train subjected to other aerodynamic attacks, such as the coupling effect of infrastructure scenario and crosswind in windy area.

ACS Style

Weichao Yang; E Deng; Zhihui Zhu; Mingfeng Lei; Chenghua Shi; Hong He. Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains when Entering Tunnel under Crosswind. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Weichao Yang, E Deng, Zhihui Zhu, Mingfeng Lei, Chenghua Shi, Hong He. Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains when Entering Tunnel under Crosswind. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weichao Yang; E Deng; Zhihui Zhu; Mingfeng Lei; Chenghua Shi; Hong He. 2020. "Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains when Entering Tunnel under Crosswind." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2019 in Applied Sciences
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The new approach established in this paper can provide accuracy prediction of friction resistance for slurry pipe jacking with various soil conditions, which lays a good foundation for better future design and less construction costs.

ACS Style

Yichao Ye; Limin Peng; Yang Zhou; Weichao Yang; Chenghua Shi; Yuexiang Lin. Prediction of Friction Resistance for Slurry Pipe Jacking. Applied Sciences 2019, 10, 207 .

AMA Style

Yichao Ye, Limin Peng, Yang Zhou, Weichao Yang, Chenghua Shi, Yuexiang Lin. Prediction of Friction Resistance for Slurry Pipe Jacking. Applied Sciences. 2019; 10 (1):207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yichao Ye; Limin Peng; Yang Zhou; Weichao Yang; Chenghua Shi; Yuexiang Lin. 2019. "Prediction of Friction Resistance for Slurry Pipe Jacking." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1: 207.

Review article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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This paper performs an extensive literature survey and example investigation on the stabilisation of slurry wall trenches during the construction of diaphragm wall panel trenches, and the failure modes of slurry wall trench instability, the stability theoretical analysis models and methods, the slurry formation and its protection mechanism, the influence of related factors on slurry wall trench stabilisation, and other related problems are summarized and analyzed emphatically. And then, based on the limit equilibrium analysis method, the mechanical models of the overall stability and local stability of the trench wall are established, respectively, and the design method of slurry unit weight is derived to ensure the stability of the trench wall. Furthermore, an example application shows that the established slurry unit weight design method is reliable. At last, this paper also proposes the focus and direction for follow-up work, that is, to construct an accurate and effective theoretical analysis model of slurry wall trench instability considering the influence of multiple factors and the calculation method of the slurry cake and its mechanical or mathematical relationship with slurry quality.

ACS Style

Mingfeng Lei; Linghui Liu; Yuexiang Lin; Chenghua Shi; Weichao Yang; Chengyong Cao; Yao Liu. Research Progress on Stability of Slurry Wall Trench of Underground Diaphragm Wall and Design Method of Slurry Unit Weight. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, 2019, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Mingfeng Lei, Linghui Liu, Yuexiang Lin, Chenghua Shi, Weichao Yang, Chengyong Cao, Yao Liu. Research Progress on Stability of Slurry Wall Trench of Underground Diaphragm Wall and Design Method of Slurry Unit Weight. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2019; 2019 ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mingfeng Lei; Linghui Liu; Yuexiang Lin; Chenghua Shi; Weichao Yang; Chengyong Cao; Yao Liu. 2019. "Research Progress on Stability of Slurry Wall Trench of Underground Diaphragm Wall and Design Method of Slurry Unit Weight." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2019 in Applied Sciences
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The Haoji railway in China is the longest heavy haul railway in the world, including 235 tunnels located along the 1837 km railway. With the increasing axle load of the new line and the basal deterioration of the existing heavy haul railway in China, studying the fatigue performance of the newly designed tunnel structure is essential. To study the coupling effect of the surrounding rock pressure and 30 t axle load train, in this study, we combined three-dimensional numerical simulation and three-point bending fatigue tests to investigate the fatigue performance of the basal structures. The results of numerical simulation indicate that the center of the inverted arch secondary lining is the position vulnerable to fatigue in the lower tunnel structures; the surrounding rock pressure performance exerts a stronger influence on the stress state of the vulnerable position than the dynamic train loads. The S–N formula obtained from the experiment showed that the fatigue life of tunnel bottom structures decreases with increasing surrounding rock pressure and dynamic load. In typical grade V surrounding rock and 30 t axle loads, fatigue failure will not occur in the newly designed tunnel bottom structures within 100 years if bedrock defects are lacking and pressure of surrounding rock is not excessive.

ACS Style

Cong Liu; Limin Peng; Mingfeng Lei; Chenghua Shi; Ning Liu. Fatigue Performance of Tunnel Invert in Newly Designed Heavy Haul Railway Tunnel. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5514 .

AMA Style

Cong Liu, Limin Peng, Mingfeng Lei, Chenghua Shi, Ning Liu. Fatigue Performance of Tunnel Invert in Newly Designed Heavy Haul Railway Tunnel. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cong Liu; Limin Peng; Mingfeng Lei; Chenghua Shi; Ning Liu. 2019. "Fatigue Performance of Tunnel Invert in Newly Designed Heavy Haul Railway Tunnel." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5514.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2019 in Water
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The dewatering of deep foundation pits excavated in highly permeable geology usually requires waterproofing technologies to relieve groundwater flow. However, no effective prediction formula is yet available for determining water inflow in the presence of partial penetrating curtains. In this study, a dewatering project with partial penetrating curtains is analyzed via a finite difference method to show evident three-dimensional (3D) seepage characteristics. The standard curve and distortion functions are established under the assumption of an equivalent well by quantifying the blocking effects; thus, the empirical inflow prediction formulas for steady flow are further developed. Moreover, a dewatering design method based on the prediction formulas is proposed and applied to the field dewatering project in sand and gravel strata. Measured results show that dewatering efficiency is considerably enhanced by 3D flow, forming appropriate pressure distributions for dewatering construction. The uplift pressure below the pit bottom is controlled within a 25% safety margin to verify the reliability of the design method.

ACS Style

Linghui Liu; Mingfeng Lei; Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi. Dewatering Characteristics and Inflow Prediction of Deep Foundation Pits with Partial Penetrating Curtains in Sand and Gravel Strata. Water 2019, 11, 2182 .

AMA Style

Linghui Liu, Mingfeng Lei, Chengyong Cao, Chenghua Shi. Dewatering Characteristics and Inflow Prediction of Deep Foundation Pits with Partial Penetrating Curtains in Sand and Gravel Strata. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linghui Liu; Mingfeng Lei; Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi. 2019. "Dewatering Characteristics and Inflow Prediction of Deep Foundation Pits with Partial Penetrating Curtains in Sand and Gravel Strata." Water 11, no. 10: 2182.

Research article
Published: 30 September 2019 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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Dewatering using the dewatering systems composed of diaphragm walls and pumping wells is commonly adopted for deep excavations that are undertaken in deep aquifers. However, dewatering can sometimes induce environmental problems, especially when diaphragm walls cannot effectively cut off the aquifers. This paper mainly presents an innovative excavation technique combining dewatering excavation and underwater excavation without drainage, which is employed for a deep shaft excavation in ultrathick aquifers (up to 60–70 m thick aquifer) in Fuzhou, China. The shaft excavation with the depth of 41.6 m below the ground surface (BGS) is divided into two major phases, that is, (1) the first part of the excavation (the depth of 23.6 m BGS) is conducted by the way of conventional dewatering and braced excavation (Phase I) and (2) the second excavation with the depth of 23.6 m to 41.6 m BGS is carried out by the novel underwater excavation without drainage technique (Phase II). Field monitoring results show that the ratios of maximum ground surface settlement δvm to the excavation depth He in this case ranged from 0.03% to 0.1%. Most of the ratios of maximum lateral wall deflection δhm to excavation depth He are less than 0.1%. All these results are lesser than that predicted by empirical methods, which also confirmed the applicability of this innovative excavation. Thus, this innovative solution can be applicable to other deep excavations that are undertaken in ultrathick aquifers, especially for the excavation of coarse sediments with high permeability.

ACS Style

Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi; Linghui Liu; Jianwen Liu; Mingfeng Lei; Yuexiang Lin; Yichao Ye. Novel Excavation and Construction Method for a Deep Shaft Excavation in Ultrathick Aquifers. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, 2019, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Chengyong Cao, Chenghua Shi, Linghui Liu, Jianwen Liu, Mingfeng Lei, Yuexiang Lin, Yichao Ye. Novel Excavation and Construction Method for a Deep Shaft Excavation in Ultrathick Aquifers. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2019; 2019 ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi; Linghui Liu; Jianwen Liu; Mingfeng Lei; Yuexiang Lin; Yichao Ye. 2019. "Novel Excavation and Construction Method for a Deep Shaft Excavation in Ultrathick Aquifers." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019, no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2019 in Applied Sciences
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This paper presents a simplified methodology for the design of jet-grouted bottom sealing barriers (temporary water-tightness structures) for deep excavations that was undertaken in deep aquifers. The bottom sealing barriers are usually required to prevent uplift failure against the water head below. Additionally, jet-grouted bottom sealing barriers are never perfect due to the uncertainties of jet grouting columns at the site, so the design must carefully consider the analysis of seepage. For these reasons, the proposed calculation procedure focuses on two different failure mechanisms (i.e., “instability failure” and “seepage failure”) of massive bottom sealing barriers. Subsequently, the design parameters of the jet-grouted bottom sealing barriers (e.g., depth and thickness) for an excavation case were determined while using the proposed design procedure. The field pumping test results show that the water-tightness performance of bottom-sealing barriers performed at site is good, which ensures that the water level inside the excavation can reach the desired level and the groundwater drawdown outside can be minimized. The leakage flow rate of bottom-sealing barriers is lower than the designed maximum allowable seepage when the water level inside stabilizes at the final period of the pumping test.

ACS Style

Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi; Mingfeng Lei; Cao; Shi; Lei. A Simplified Approach to Design Jet-Grouted Bottom Sealing Barriers for Deep Excavations in Deep Aquifers. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2307 .

AMA Style

Chengyong Cao, Chenghua Shi, Mingfeng Lei, Cao, Shi, Lei. A Simplified Approach to Design Jet-Grouted Bottom Sealing Barriers for Deep Excavations in Deep Aquifers. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (11):2307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengyong Cao; Chenghua Shi; Mingfeng Lei; Cao; Shi; Lei. 2019. "A Simplified Approach to Design Jet-Grouted Bottom Sealing Barriers for Deep Excavations in Deep Aquifers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11: 2307.

Technical note
Published: 08 May 2013 in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
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ACS Style

Cheng-Hua Shi; Zu-De Ding; Mingfeng Lei; Li-Min Peng. Accumulated Deformation Behavior and Computational Model of Water-Rich Mudstone Under Cyclic Loading. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2013, 47, 1485 -1491.

AMA Style

Cheng-Hua Shi, Zu-De Ding, Mingfeng Lei, Li-Min Peng. Accumulated Deformation Behavior and Computational Model of Water-Rich Mudstone Under Cyclic Loading. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2013; 47 (4):1485-1491.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng-Hua Shi; Zu-De Ding; Mingfeng Lei; Li-Min Peng. 2013. "Accumulated Deformation Behavior and Computational Model of Water-Rich Mudstone Under Cyclic Loading." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 47, no. 4: 1485-1491.