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Xuexi Huo
Center for Western Rural Development, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

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Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Agriculture
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In the context of the Healthy China strategy and the targeted poverty alleviation policy, based on the survey data of 1710 apple planters in Shandong, Yunnan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces, we selected the Probit model and the mediating effect test model to analyze the impact of income inequality on the self-rated health of farmers in this paper. The main results are as follows: First, income inequality within villages and townships had a significant negative impact on self-rated health, with both showing inverted U-shaped relationships, while income inequality within counties had no significant impact on self-rated health. Second, income inequality can impact the health of farmers, in terms of tobacco and alcohol behaviors, social trust, and sense of relative deprivation, where the mediating effect ratio of these three factors combined accounted for 32.4% of the total effect. Furthermore, the effect of income inequality on health was heterogeneous among different income groups, where the negative impact of income inequality on the self-rated health of the high-income group was less than that of the low-income group, indicating that an increase in income inequality serves to aggravate the degree of health inequality. Therefore, the government should adopt differentiated policies to improve the health of farmers. In rural areas with high income inequality, the government should focus on increasing the income of low-income groups, guide them to develop a healthy lifestyle, improve their social trust, and reduce their sense of relative deprivation. In rural areas where incomes are generally low, the government should first guide qualified farmers to become rich, then encourage others to become rich later.

ACS Style

Wencong Cai; Yuanjie Deng; Qiangqiang Zhang; Haiyu Yang; Xuexi Huo. Does Income Inequality Impair Health? Evidence from Rural China. Agriculture 2021, 11, 203 .

AMA Style

Wencong Cai, Yuanjie Deng, Qiangqiang Zhang, Haiyu Yang, Xuexi Huo. Does Income Inequality Impair Health? Evidence from Rural China. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (3):203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wencong Cai; Yuanjie Deng; Qiangqiang Zhang; Haiyu Yang; Xuexi Huo. 2021. "Does Income Inequality Impair Health? Evidence from Rural China." Agriculture 11, no. 3: 203.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The farmers’ sustainable production behavior is viewed as the frontline measure that accomplishes sustainable development in agriculture. Finding ways to support farmers’ adoption of sustainable agriculture practices (SAP) has become an issue of concern for researchers and policymakers. The paper aimed to investigate the impact of the current subsidy policy and other key variables on the adoption behavior of the Mongolian wheat growers. The generalized structural equation modeling was employed along with the protection motivation theory framework. The results show that the farmers who perceive high severity and vulnerability of soil erosion are more likely to adopt the SAPs. Moreover, the perceived efficacy of the practices and the farmers’ perceived self competency contribute to the decision. The information and training are positively associated with adoption. We also reveal differences between the regions on adoption. Soil fertility has a significant negative impact. Finally, government subsidies are found to have no effect as these subsidies are not intended to promote sustainability. The study findings suggest that increasing farmers’ awareness of the harmful effects of growth-oriented production practices, giving related information, and providing training and resources for the use of SAPs that are appropriate to the specific region. The results have implications for developing a policy targeted to promote the adoption of SAPs.

ACS Style

Buyannemekh Puntsagdorj; Dulamragchaa Orosoo; Xuexi Huo; Xianli Xia. Farmer’s Perception, Agricultural Subsidies, and Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Case from Mongolia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1524 .

AMA Style

Buyannemekh Puntsagdorj, Dulamragchaa Orosoo, Xuexi Huo, Xianli Xia. Farmer’s Perception, Agricultural Subsidies, and Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Case from Mongolia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Buyannemekh Puntsagdorj; Dulamragchaa Orosoo; Xuexi Huo; Xianli Xia. 2021. "Farmer’s Perception, Agricultural Subsidies, and Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Case from Mongolia." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1524.

Research article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The concept of yield gap analysis can be used to meet the growing demands for agricultural products. Sustainable development goals (e.g. SDG1 and SDG2) to end poverty and hunger require sustainable increases in agricultural production in developing countries, particularly in South Asia and Africa. The aim of this paper is to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the potential and actual yields of major food crops and to determine the yield gaps at the provincial and national levels in Pakistan. The regional test yields of the registered cultivars were used to determine the potential grain yields and total potential grain production levels in each province of Pakistan. The yield gaps were then calculated by comparing the potential and actual yields of the selected major food crops. With a substantial exploitation rate of 0.38 in total grain production, a significant potential gap was found at the national level. The results revealed that the national potential of total grain production is 100,933 Mg, and the actual national grain production from 2015 to 2016 was 38,227 Mg, with a production gap of 62,706 Mg. The results further revealed that the maize crop had the highest potential gap on a national basis, followed by wheat and rice. Meanwhile, on provincial basis, the total production gaps of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan are 43,776 Mg, 9649.3 Mg, 6772.1 Mg and 2510.7 Mg, respectively. Moreover, based on climate, temperature, rainfall and topography, the yield gaps varied from crop to crop and from province to province. To increase grain yields and close the yield gaps of the major crops, the farmland infrastructure should be strengthened and resource allocations should be optimized. The findings of this study can provide conclusive data for national grain production, protection and food security.

ACS Style

Imran Khan; Hongdou Lei; Ahmad Khan; Ihsan Muhammad; Tehseen Javeed; Asif Khan; Xuexi Huo. Yield gap analysis of major food crops in Pakistan: prospects for food security. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 7994 -8011.

AMA Style

Imran Khan, Hongdou Lei, Ahmad Khan, Ihsan Muhammad, Tehseen Javeed, Asif Khan, Xuexi Huo. Yield gap analysis of major food crops in Pakistan: prospects for food security. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (7):7994-8011.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imran Khan; Hongdou Lei; Ahmad Khan; Ihsan Muhammad; Tehseen Javeed; Asif Khan; Xuexi Huo. 2020. "Yield gap analysis of major food crops in Pakistan: prospects for food security." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 7: 7994-8011.

Geography
Published: 07 October 2020 in PLOS ONE
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In the context of supply-side structural reform, revealing the characteristics of spatial–temporal dynamics and influencing factors of China’s apple production layout is of great significance to ensure apple supply and demand balance and timely adjustment of industrial policies and regional layout strategies. Based on national and provincial apple production data from 1978 to 2016, this study used the apple production concentration index to analyse the evolution characteristics of regional apple production patterns in China. A theoretical analysis framework was established and a spatial econometric model was used to quantitatively explore the influencing factors of China’s apple production layout. The results showed that, first, since the reform and opening-up policy, a general trend of fluctuating growth was found for apple production in China. The centre of apple production layout moved in the southwest direction, with the shift from the Bohai Bay region to the Loess Plateau region. Second, apple production had a significant spatial correlation, while the degree of spatial agglomeration gradually decreased. Third, these changes were significantly influenced by apple comparative income, infrastructure, policies, and climatic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to continue optimizing and adjusting the apple spatial layout to enhance the technological progress and economic effect of the apple industry and to ensure the stability and balance of regional supply and demand.

ACS Style

Qiangqiang Zhang; Fanji Shi; Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi; Liqun Shao; Xuexi Huo. An empirical study on spatial–temporal dynamics and influencing factors of apple production in China. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0240140 .

AMA Style

Qiangqiang Zhang, Fanji Shi, Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi, Liqun Shao, Xuexi Huo. An empirical study on spatial–temporal dynamics and influencing factors of apple production in China. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (10):e0240140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiangqiang Zhang; Fanji Shi; Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi; Liqun Shao; Xuexi Huo. 2020. "An empirical study on spatial–temporal dynamics and influencing factors of apple production in China." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10: e0240140.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Land
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In the Shaanxi province, small and scattered plots impede an increase in the efficiency of apple production. Developing a moderate operation scale is a proper tool to solve inefficiencies in apple production, as it enables improving the factor allocation efficiency, resulting in higher yields, higher profit, or lower production costs. However, the moderate operation scales, based on output, profit, and production costs, may be different. This paper aimed to evaluate the moderate operation scale of apples from three perspectives of increasing yields and profits and reducing unit production cost. The study was based on survey data collected from 661 randomly selected apple farmers in eight counties of the Shaanxi province, China. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by the input-output model, the net profit model, and unit production cost model. The findings show that: (1) The moderate operation scale oriented to increasing apple yields in the Shaanxi province should be 0.87–1.53 ha. (2) The moderate operation scale oriented to increasing the net profit of farmers in the Shaanxi province should be over 1.53 ha. (3) The moderate operation scale oriented to reducing the unit cost of apple production in the Shaanxi province should be 0.20–0.53 ha. The study provides evidence that policymakers should grasp the balance point and find the intersection of the operation scale based on output, profit, and unit production cost when guiding apple growers to carry out the moderate scale. We propose that 0.87–1.53 ha may be a suitable operation scale for apple production in the Shaanxi province at the current stage.

ACS Style

Congying Zhang; Qian Chang; Liqun Shao; Xuexi Huo. The Moderate Operation Scales of Apples Based on Output, Profit, and Unit Production Costs in the Shaanxi Province of China. Land 2020, 9, 25 .

AMA Style

Congying Zhang, Qian Chang, Liqun Shao, Xuexi Huo. The Moderate Operation Scales of Apples Based on Output, Profit, and Unit Production Costs in the Shaanxi Province of China. Land. 2020; 9 (1):25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Congying Zhang; Qian Chang; Liqun Shao; Xuexi Huo. 2020. "The Moderate Operation Scales of Apples Based on Output, Profit, and Unit Production Costs in the Shaanxi Province of China." Land 9, no. 1: 25.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2019 in Land Use Policy
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Pakistan is highly vulnerable to extreme climatic events, such as floods and droughts. This study determines the farmers’ risk perception, risk attitude, adaptation measures and various aspects of vulnerability to climate change (e.g. floods, droughts, heavy rainfalls, pests and disease) at farm level in rural Pakistan. The risk perception and attitude of farm households are crucial factors that influence farm productivity, investment and management decisions at this level. A well-designed questionnaire was used to interview 720 farm households from six districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A binary logit model was used to determine the main factors that affect the choice of adaptation strategies of the farm household. The findings revealed that crop diversification, changing crop varieties, altering the crop calendar, varying the fertilizer used, mulching and farm insurance were the main adaptation strategies followed by farm households. The results of the binary logit model revealed that age, education, farm size, household size, credit accessibility, annual income and the perception on the increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall had significant influence on the selection of the adaption strategies. The findings of this study can provide guidance, policy recommendations and reference for future researchers.

ACS Style

Imran Khan; Hongdou Lei; Irshad Ali Shah; Imad Ali; Inayat Khan; Ihsan Muhammad; Xuexi Huo; Tehseen Javed. Farm households’ risk perception, attitude and adaptation strategies in dealing with climate change: Promise and perils from rural Pakistan. Land Use Policy 2019, 91, 104395 .

AMA Style

Imran Khan, Hongdou Lei, Irshad Ali Shah, Imad Ali, Inayat Khan, Ihsan Muhammad, Xuexi Huo, Tehseen Javed. Farm households’ risk perception, attitude and adaptation strategies in dealing with climate change: Promise and perils from rural Pakistan. Land Use Policy. 2019; 91 ():104395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imran Khan; Hongdou Lei; Irshad Ali Shah; Imad Ali; Inayat Khan; Ihsan Muhammad; Xuexi Huo; Tehseen Javed. 2019. "Farm households’ risk perception, attitude and adaptation strategies in dealing with climate change: Promise and perils from rural Pakistan." Land Use Policy 91, no. : 104395.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2019 in Sustainability
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Agricultural productive services provide a new entry point to solve the “labor dilemma” and contributes to the sustainable development of the apple industry. In this study, we establish a random frontier model with the Translog production function to analyze the influence of productive services on the technical efficiency of apple production based on a microscopic survey data of 661 apple farmers. The results indicate that the purchasing proportions of productive services are obviously different among the different links of apple production, while those among different regions are not obvious. Overall, productive services have a positive effect on improving the technical efficiency of apple production, but productive services in different links have a different effect; specifically, productive services in the bagging link have a positive effect on the technical efficiency of apple production, productive services in the pest controlling link have a negative effect, and productive services in other links have no significant effect. We suggest that policymakers should promote the orderly development of agricultural productive services, focus on improving the popularity of productive services in bagging links, and improve the quality of productive services in the pest control link.

ACS Style

Congying Zhang; Qian Chang; Xuexi Huo. How Productive Services Affect Apple Production Technical Efficiency: Promote or Inhibit? Sustainability 2019, 11, 5411 .

AMA Style

Congying Zhang, Qian Chang, Xuexi Huo. How Productive Services Affect Apple Production Technical Efficiency: Promote or Inhibit? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Congying Zhang; Qian Chang; Xuexi Huo. 2019. "How Productive Services Affect Apple Production Technical Efficiency: Promote or Inhibit?" Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5411.

Research article
Published: 12 September 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The profound appreciation of urban expansion and land use change (LUC) considerably influences the ecosystem functions, services, and biodiversity along with the local and regional climate. Land use has undergone an awful transformation due to rapid urbanization and population growth, which in turn increased land surface temperature (LST) in district Peshawar, Pakistan. The current study tends to capture the influence of land use on LST and agricultural productivity by employing multi-temporal, multispectral satellite data and agricultural production data during the selected years, i.e., 1996, 2003, and 2016. The results demonstrated that barren land considerably decreased while the urban area increased over time in all three phases. Furthermore, significant LST difference was found in different land cover units; e.g., barren land and urban area have the maximum, while water bodies followed by vegetation retain minimum LST in all three phases, i.e., 1996, 2003, and 2016. Similarly, the results from agricultural production revealed that except for wheat crops, which decreased by 7.54% during 1999–2003, the production of all major food crops increased during the selected years. However, the production of sugar cane and barley experienced considerable reduction during the selected years, except for barley, which increased by 22.86% during 2003–2016. The finding of this study provides guidance, policy recommendations, and reference for future researchers.

ACS Style

Imran Khan; Tehseen Javed; Ahmad Khan; Hongdou Lei; Ihsan Muhammad; Imad Ali; Xuexi Huo; Tehseen Javed. Impact assessment of land use change on surface temperature and agricultural productivity in Peshawar-Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 33076 -33085.

AMA Style

Imran Khan, Tehseen Javed, Ahmad Khan, Hongdou Lei, Ihsan Muhammad, Imad Ali, Xuexi Huo, Tehseen Javed. Impact assessment of land use change on surface temperature and agricultural productivity in Peshawar-Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (32):33076-33085.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imran Khan; Tehseen Javed; Ahmad Khan; Hongdou Lei; Ihsan Muhammad; Imad Ali; Xuexi Huo; Tehseen Javed. 2019. "Impact assessment of land use change on surface temperature and agricultural productivity in Peshawar-Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 32: 33076-33085.

Conference paper
Published: 02 March 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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This research aims to develop new automatic and quicker spectral signature analysis tools to separate urban built-up area and determines urban area changes. Nowadays, researcher uses thematic index-derived bands for automatic urban data extraction. The extraction of urban built-up land can be automatically done with New Built-Up Index (NBUI) although it has a limitation on separating built-up land and water body. This study attempts to obtain the maximum accuracy of the extraction by merging several indices including Enhanced Built-Up and Bareness Index (EBBI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), New Water Index (NWI) and Normalized Different Pond Index (NDPI) and compared its accuracy with NBUI. The results showed that merging EBBI, SAVI, MNDWI and NDPI produces the highest accuracy of 98.21% by addition and subtraction. The combined application of EBBI, SAVI and NWI also gives a good effect for extracting urban built-up areas and has 94.64% mapping accuracy.

ACS Style

Myagmarsuren Ukhnaa; Xuexi Huo; Gokul Gaudel. Modification of urban built-up area extraction method based on the thematic index-derived bands. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 227, 062009 .

AMA Style

Myagmarsuren Ukhnaa, Xuexi Huo, Gokul Gaudel. Modification of urban built-up area extraction method based on the thematic index-derived bands. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 227 (6):062009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myagmarsuren Ukhnaa; Xuexi Huo; Gokul Gaudel. 2019. "Modification of urban built-up area extraction method based on the thematic index-derived bands." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 227, no. 6: 062009.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in 资源科学
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ACS Style

Xingguang Li; Jundi Liu; Xuexi Huo. Effects of farmland registration and confirmation on the choice of farmers’ livelihood strategy:Evidence from apple growers. 资源科学 2019, 41, 1923 -1934.

AMA Style

Xingguang Li, Jundi Liu, Xuexi Huo. Effects of farmland registration and confirmation on the choice of farmers’ livelihood strategy:Evidence from apple growers. 资源科学. 2019; 41 (10):1923-1934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingguang Li; Jundi Liu; Xuexi Huo. 2019. "Effects of farmland registration and confirmation on the choice of farmers’ livelihood strategy:Evidence from apple growers." 资源科学 41, no. 10: 1923-1934.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2017 in Sustainability
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Past studies showing that barriers to farmers’ adaptation behaviors are focused on their socio-economic factors and resource availability. Meanwhile, psychological and social considerations are sparingly mentioned, especially for the related studies in developing countries. This study investigates the impact of psychological factors and social appraisal on farmers’ behavioral intention to adopt adaptation measures for the aforementioned reason, due to climate change and not to anthropogenic climate change. Drawing on the protection motivation theory, a threat, coping, social appraisal, maladaptation and behavioral intention to adopt adaptation measures (TCSMBI) model was proposed to predict farmers’ adaptation. A structural equation model was then employed to analyze the relationships between variables in the TCSMBI model with 658 apple farmers in Shaanxi province, China. The empirical results showed that threat appraisal and coping appraisal have positive and significant impacts on behavioral intention to climate change. Moreover, threat appraisal reduces the occurrence of maladaptation, and social appraisal tends to have significantly positive impacts on threat appraisal and coping appraisal.

ACS Style

Xiaolong Feng; Mingyue Liu; Xuexi Huo; Wanglin Ma. What Motivates Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change? The Case of Apple Farmers of Shaanxi in China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 519 .

AMA Style

Xiaolong Feng, Mingyue Liu, Xuexi Huo, Wanglin Ma. What Motivates Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change? The Case of Apple Farmers of Shaanxi in China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (4):519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaolong Feng; Mingyue Liu; Xuexi Huo; Wanglin Ma. 2017. "What Motivates Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change? The Case of Apple Farmers of Shaanxi in China." Sustainability 9, no. 4: 519.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2017 in Sustainability
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Several grassland conservation programs aiming to relieve grazing pressure have been implemented in Inner Mongolia since 2000 to reverse grassland degradation and protect local and regional environments. Previous studies on the effects of these programs usually used small-scale data generated from field experiments and household surveys, inhibiting the discovery of large-scale effects due to spatial heterogeneity. For a typical study region in Xilingol League, we used fixed-effects models and a panel dataset at the county level from 1998 to 2013 to examine the effects of two programs, namely, the Beijing–Tianjin Wind/Sand Source Control Program and the Ecological Subsidy and Award System and other drivers on vegetation rehabilitation. The modeling results suggested that the programs had a positive but delayed impact on grassland vegetation rehabilitation. Enrollment in the two programs in a specific year was predicted to increase the vegetation index value by amounts equivalent to 186 mm and 98 mm more annual precipitation after two years, respectively (p < 0.01). Fixed effects (including site factors and land use history) had a greater effect, hence the design and implementation of government conservation policies should be context-based.

ACS Style

Liqun Shao; Haibin Chen; Chen Zhang; Xuexi Huo. Effects of Major Grassland Conservation Programs Implemented in Inner Mongolia since 2000 on Vegetation Restoration and Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances to Their Success. Sustainability 2017, 9, 466 .

AMA Style

Liqun Shao, Haibin Chen, Chen Zhang, Xuexi Huo. Effects of Major Grassland Conservation Programs Implemented in Inner Mongolia since 2000 on Vegetation Restoration and Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances to Their Success. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (3):466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liqun Shao; Haibin Chen; Chen Zhang; Xuexi Huo. 2017. "Effects of Major Grassland Conservation Programs Implemented in Inner Mongolia since 2000 on Vegetation Restoration and Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances to Their Success." Sustainability 9, no. 3: 466.