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In recent years, sustainability and Industry 4.0 have become crucial aspects of the global economy. Numerous studies focus on the link between environmental aspects of sustainability and Industry 4.0. On the contrary, few studies address the issue of the integration of economic sustainability and digital technologies. This paper aims to fill this gap through a systematic analysis of the literature. In particular, 32 articles were selected and following a descriptive analysis to evaluate the evolution of the theme, a content analysis was performed. The findings of this study highlight and categorize the main sustainability metrics associated with digital technologies. Specifically, the digitalization process enhances the connection of products and factories, the value chain and users to achieve a production cycle as sustainable as possible. The new technologies developed allow companies to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, increase the market share, reduce energy waste, recover and reuse the material, etc. Finally, managerial and academic contributions were identified.
Livio Cricelli; Serena Strazzullo. The Economic Aspect of Digital Sustainability: A Systematic Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8241 .
AMA StyleLivio Cricelli, Serena Strazzullo. The Economic Aspect of Digital Sustainability: A Systematic Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivio Cricelli; Serena Strazzullo. 2021. "The Economic Aspect of Digital Sustainability: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8241.
Despite the popularity of reverse logistics in literature, the effect of different collaboration types on the likelihood to introduce reverse logistics innovation has been under-investigated. Hence, this article explores the impact of domestic collaboration with competitors, customers, suppliers, research institutions, and the breadth of collaboration on a firm's reverse logistics innovation. Four hypotheses - grounded on institutional, resource dependence, and absorptive capacity theories – are tested through generalized structural equation modelling analyses on a longitudinal sample of German firms. The results show a positive impact of vertical collaboration, horizontal collaboration, and collaboration with research institutions on the likelihood to introduce reverse logistics innovation. In contrast, collaboration breadth has a negative impact on reverse logistics, an unexpected and surprising result for the innovation management literature. The article offers recommendations to practitioners as to which partners are more likely to increase the odds of introducing reverse logistics innovation and demonstrates that – to such an aim - firms should select a limited number of partners, identifying the ones that suit their needs the most.
Livio Cricelli; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. An investigation on the effect of inter-organizational collaboration on reverse logistics. International Journal of Production Economics 2021, 240, 108216 .
AMA StyleLivio Cricelli, Marco Greco, Michele Grimaldi. An investigation on the effect of inter-organizational collaboration on reverse logistics. International Journal of Production Economics. 2021; 240 ():108216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivio Cricelli; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. 2021. "An investigation on the effect of inter-organizational collaboration on reverse logistics." International Journal of Production Economics 240, no. : 108216.
The purpose of this study was to define a managerial solution to patent evaluation. The problem of patent evaluation is widely analysed in the body of literature, but there has not been a study considering the patent value through an aggregate perspective. Over the past decade, numerous quantitative approaches to patent evaluation have been developed. However, the indicators adopted in the evaluation process are considered separately. In this study, we fill this gap by designing a new methodology that provides a ranking of patents by reducing the qualitative evaluation components and in addition an evaluation based on certain key performance indicators (KPIs). After a brief illustration of the different steps of the methodology, we validate the framework drawing upon a case study undertaken in an Italian company leader in the satellite solution and services field.
Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi; Francesco Rogo; Serena Strazzullo. Patent ranking indicators: a framework for the evaluation of a patent portfolio. International Journal of Intellectual Property Management 2021, 11, 185 .
AMA StyleLivio Cricelli, Michele Grimaldi, Francesco Rogo, Serena Strazzullo. Patent ranking indicators: a framework for the evaluation of a patent portfolio. International Journal of Intellectual Property Management. 2021; 11 (2):185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi; Francesco Rogo; Serena Strazzullo. 2021. "Patent ranking indicators: a framework for the evaluation of a patent portfolio." International Journal of Intellectual Property Management 11, no. 2: 185.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused unprecedented public health and economic crises. As a response to face the current emergency, science and innovation communities are realizing a fundamental contribution to tackle the crisis. During the past few months, we have witnessed an impressive number of initiatives to encourage networking opportunities, to foster interactions between the different stakeholders involved (health care, industry, governments, academics, ordinary people), and to develop innovative solutions and collaborative infrastructures in support of the health sector. Adopting an open and collaborative approach and joining forces is essential in the fight against the COVID‐19 crisis. Also, the involvement of crowds as innovation partners can be of great support. Therefore, our work aims to review and classify those initiatives, based on the crowdsourcing model, that have been put into place to face the emergency generated by the novel coronavirus pandemic. We illustrate the 16 crowdsourcing initiatives devoted to the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak that we identified, detailing their development and implementation. Then, we propose a classification of them, along two dimensions: type of crowdsourcing configuration and kind of tasks, being able to find a relationship between these two aspects. Evidence from the analyzed projects suggests that across disparate domains, crowdsourcing can be an effective strategy in the response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. To conclude, we suggest some important implications for innovation best practices and lessons that can be learned for the future: crowdsourcing, harnessing the power of crowds and online communities, can help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic, by providing original, actionable, quick, and low‐cost solutions to the challenges of the current health and economic crisis.
Silvia Vermicelli; Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi. How can crowdsourcing help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic? An explorative overview of innovative collaborative practices. R&D Management 2020, 51, 183 -194.
AMA StyleSilvia Vermicelli, Livio Cricelli, Michele Grimaldi. How can crowdsourcing help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic? An explorative overview of innovative collaborative practices. R&D Management. 2020; 51 (2):183-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Vermicelli; Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi. 2020. "How can crowdsourcing help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic? An explorative overview of innovative collaborative practices." R&D Management 51, no. 2: 183-194.
Adequate management of intellectual property (IP) is critical to sustaining competitive advantage and managing outbound open innovation (OI), which describes the inside-out flows of knowledge and technology. This article presents an IP strategic framework comprising the following strategies: a ‘defensive’ strategy, aimed at avoiding knowledge spillovers and building barriers to competition; a ‘collaborative’ strategy, aimed at collaborating with other organizations and entering new markets; and an ‘impromptu’ strategy, which describes firms protecting their IP without a clear purpose. We investigate the relationships of such IP strategies with outbound OI and innovation performance in 158 Italian firms. Most of them declared an impromptu IP strategy. We found that not having any IP protection strategy can be a barrier to outbound OI and that firms with a defensive IP strategy embraced outbound OI more than those declaring a collaborative IP strategy. Finally, firms with collaborative IP strategies outperformed those with defensive strategies.
Michele Grimaldi; Marco Greco; Livio Cricelli. A framework of intellectual property protection strategies and open innovation. Journal of Business Research 2020, 123, 156 -164.
AMA StyleMichele Grimaldi, Marco Greco, Livio Cricelli. A framework of intellectual property protection strategies and open innovation. Journal of Business Research. 2020; 123 ():156-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Grimaldi; Marco Greco; Livio Cricelli. 2020. "A framework of intellectual property protection strategies and open innovation." Journal of Business Research 123, no. : 156-164.
Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. Interorganizational collaboration strategies and innovation abandonment: The more the merrier? Industrial Marketing Management 2020, 90, 679 -692.
AMA StyleMarco Greco, Michele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli. Interorganizational collaboration strategies and innovation abandonment: The more the merrier? Industrial Marketing Management. 2020; 90 ():679-692.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. 2020. "Interorganizational collaboration strategies and innovation abandonment: The more the merrier?" Industrial Marketing Management 90, no. : 679-692.
Intellectual capital (IC) is among the most long-lived topics in managerial literature. More recently, the emergence of the open innovation (OI) paradigm has encouraged the understanding that firms should collaborate with other organizations to leverage their own R&D capabilities. We propose that these two streams of managerial literature should join forces since the OI paradigm could be considered an approach to innovation with foundations in relational capital, facilitated by an appropriate level of human and structural capital. Surprisingly, only a few researchers have put IC and OI into relation. Therefore, this paper has two main goals: providing a theoretical model that synoptically presents how IC and OI overlap and testing the theoretical model by analyzing how firms’ IC affects OI-related performance. We analyze a sample of 3744 Spanish firms. We find that the three IC constructs positively affect OI performance, with relational and human capital subject to diminishing returns.
Jesús Barrena-Martínez; Livio Cricelli; Esther Ferrándiz; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. Joint forces: Towards an integration of intellectual capital theory and the open innovation paradigm. Journal of Business Research 2019, 112, 261 -270.
AMA StyleJesús Barrena-Martínez, Livio Cricelli, Esther Ferrándiz, Marco Greco, Michele Grimaldi. Joint forces: Towards an integration of intellectual capital theory and the open innovation paradigm. Journal of Business Research. 2019; 112 ():261-270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Barrena-Martínez; Livio Cricelli; Esther Ferrándiz; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. 2019. "Joint forces: Towards an integration of intellectual capital theory and the open innovation paradigm." Journal of Business Research 112, no. : 261-270.
Livio Cricelli; Federico Maria Famulari; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. Searching for the one: Customer relationship management software selection. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 2019, 27, 173 -188.
AMA StyleLivio Cricelli, Federico Maria Famulari, Marco Greco, Michele Grimaldi. Searching for the one: Customer relationship management software selection. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. 2019; 27 (3-4):173-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivio Cricelli; Federico Maria Famulari; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. 2019. "Searching for the one: Customer relationship management software selection." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 27, no. 3-4: 173-188.
Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. Indexes of patent value: a systematic literature review and classification. Knowledge Management Research & Practice 2019, 18, 214 -233.
AMA StyleMichele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli. Indexes of patent value: a systematic literature review and classification. Knowledge Management Research & Practice. 2019; 18 (2):214-233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. 2019. "Indexes of patent value: a systematic literature review and classification." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 18, no. 2: 214-233.
Every company, in a knowledge-based economy and, in a sustainability-aware era, is “doomed” to deal with a critical mass of strategic assets, in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Maintaining this system up-to-date requires financial/organizational efforts. Therefore, in order to optimize performance, it is necessary to detect which are the assets that can be outsourced/externalized without jeopardizing the business model architecture. Nevertheless, several studies confirm the inherent risks upcoming with any decision of outsourcing; pursuing a bearable long-term advantage over competitors mostly involves combinations of resources and capabilities, i.e., intangible assets. By the means of a multi-criteria indicator, the proposed framework builds a quantitative relational ranking of such resources, disclosing their critical weight (revealing which assets are actually strategic), hence the convenience for each of them to be outsourced or kept “in-house” to create sustainable value. This solution permits a strategy-level prioritization to take informed decisions on outsourcing candidates, also returning further analytics on the status of each investigated entity. Designed as a discriminating tool in make/buy resolutions to be used alongside traditional cost-based criteria, it represents a comprehensive approach capable of appreciating the complexity of the problem and the involved risks in order to keep a sustainable momentum.
Franco Maria Battagello; Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi. Prioritization of Strategic Intangible Assets in Make/Buy Decisions. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1267 .
AMA StyleFranco Maria Battagello, Livio Cricelli, Michele Grimaldi. Prioritization of Strategic Intangible Assets in Make/Buy Decisions. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranco Maria Battagello; Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi. 2019. "Prioritization of Strategic Intangible Assets in Make/Buy Decisions." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1267.
A vast amount of studies have shown how firms embracing the open innovation paradigm tend to improve their industrial and economic performance. Somewhat surprisingly, in such established background, few studies attempted to understand whether the open innovation benefits compensate its costs. To fill this gap, this article presents a novel theoretical framework composed of twelve propositions describing the main benefits and costs of inbound and outbound open innovation modes. Such theoretical framework was tested on a sample of 96 small and medium manufacturing enterprises. While most of the identified cost and benefit classes are acknowledged by the majority of the interviewed firms, most interviewees affirmed that their firms did not suffer from costs associated with the not-invented-here syndrome and with the potential loss of competitive advantage. The results of the study have implications for both firms and scholars, which are expected to lead to future researches.
Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. Benefits and costs of open innovation: the BeCO framework. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 2018, 31, 53 -66.
AMA StyleMarco Greco, Michele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli. Benefits and costs of open innovation: the BeCO framework. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. 2018; 31 (1):53-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. 2018. "Benefits and costs of open innovation: the BeCO framework." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 31, no. 1: 53-66.
Purpose Several causes may induce firm managers to analyze the actual technology condition of patent portfolios, among which is the need of exploiting patents strategically. In this paper, the question of how to support intellectual property (IP) managers of large high technology companies in their strategic decision-making process of evaluating patents is examined. The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support framework that suggests the suitable exploitation strategy for patents. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes an audit framework able to point out whether patents are aligned to the overall business strategy, to select those that are not aligned, and to identify the most appropriate exploitation strategy for each patent of the portfolio. The framework is structured into two phases: in the first one, patents are selected through the analysis of four dimensions that characterize the value of patents effectively; in the second one, a questionnaire is distributed to IP managers in order to support their decision on patents. The paper illustrates case-based applications of the framework. Findings Results of applications show that the framework is able to suggest IP managers the suitable exploitation strategy on four possible alternatives (maintaining, licensing, selling, abandoning) for each patent of their portfolios. Originality/value The framework is an innovative and valuable tool to IP managers, and besides its structural formulation, it is appreciable in terms of application expedition and efficiency of performance.
Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli; Francesco Rogo. Auditing patent portfolio for strategic exploitation. Journal of Intellectual Capital 2018, 19, 272 -293.
AMA StyleMichele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli, Francesco Rogo. Auditing patent portfolio for strategic exploitation. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2018; 19 (2):272-293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli; Francesco Rogo. 2018. "Auditing patent portfolio for strategic exploitation." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 2: 272-293.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and performance of public universities in emerging countries in order to identify patterns and provide recommendations that may turn the universities’ IC into development opportunities, in terms of research, innovation, and education. Design/methodology/approach The analysis targeted the whole population of the public universities in the Republic of Colombia. A cluster analysis, based on five performance variables, has been conducted. Then, the IC of the universities pertaining to the three resulting clusters has been compared. Subsequently, for each performance variable, the IC of above-average and below-average universities has been benchmarked. Findings The results of this study show how different aspects of IC are associated with University performance. Among the many, the authors found that universities should achieve a critical mass to obtain outstanding research and innovation results. The findings also identify the particular importance of both students and scholars’ international mobility programs for most of the performance variables. Social implications This study provides a baseline for the assessment of the impact on society of the IC available in the universities of emerging countries. The application may serve as a guide in the choice of public policies, dedicated to the strengthening of the universities’ IC in order to improve their performance. Originality/value This paper proposes an innovative model to analyze the relationship between IC and university performance in emerging countries. The model identifies the association between the IC accrued in the universities and their capability of transferring it to the society under the form of science, innovation, and education.
Livio Cricelli; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Leidy Paola Llanes Dueñas. Intellectual capital and university performance in emerging countries. Journal of Intellectual Capital 2018, 19, 71 -95.
AMA StyleLivio Cricelli, Marco Greco, Michele Grimaldi, Leidy Paola Llanes Dueñas. Intellectual capital and university performance in emerging countries. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2018; 19 (1):71-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivio Cricelli; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Leidy Paola Llanes Dueñas. 2018. "Intellectual capital and university performance in emerging countries." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 1: 71-95.
Purpose The purpose of the paper is to advance a framework that can assess and analyze the value of patent portfolios. On this purpose, the framework develops a conceptual and comprehensive index, the patent portfolio value index (PPVI), to assess the patent innovation level and suggest economic-strategic guidelines. Design/methodology/approach The authors have designed and applied a framework that synthesizes into a single index the results of a multiple criteria approach, based on information derived from quantitative objective data (claims, citations, and market coverage), information related to qualitative determinants (strategic positioning and economic importance), and information derived from decision makers’ perceptions and judgments. Findings The authors have applied the PPVI to the 3,532 patent portfolio documents in an Italian worldwide player in aerospace and defense market. The combined analysis, provided by the PPVI and a qualitative synoptic representation, has made it possible to understand the strategic positioning and alignment of patents with the core business of the company. The results of the analysis have provided managers with the necessary suggestions regarding action items to be performed: to reinforce, license, try to dismiss, or sell some of the examined patents of the portfolios. Practical implications The PPVI supplies a quick procedure to ascertain the profitability of patents and accounts for the value of a patent portfolio from an internal business perspective. Originality/value As it is built and defined, the PPVI shows elements of novelty compared to the other indexes existing in the literature, in that it follows a multiple criteria approach by merging quantitative and qualitative information.
Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli; Francesco Rogo. Valuating and analyzing the patent portfolio: the patent portfolio value index. European Journal of Innovation Management 2017, 21, 174 -205.
AMA StyleMichele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli, Francesco Rogo. Valuating and analyzing the patent portfolio: the patent portfolio value index. European Journal of Innovation Management. 2017; 21 (2):174-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli; Francesco Rogo. 2017. "Valuating and analyzing the patent portfolio: the patent portfolio value index." European Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 2: 174-205.
Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. Hitting the nail on the head: Exploring the relationship between public subsidies and open innovation efficiency. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2017, 118, 213 -225.
AMA StyleMarco Greco, Michele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli. Hitting the nail on the head: Exploring the relationship between public subsidies and open innovation efficiency. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2017; 118 ():213-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. 2017. "Hitting the nail on the head: Exploring the relationship between public subsidies and open innovation efficiency." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 118, no. : 213-225.
The open innovation (OI) paradigm describes how firms innovate by interacting with other organizations. Several authors found that specific OI strategies have a positive effect on economic and industrial innovation performance. Nevertheless, over-search and over-collaboration phenomena might reduce the OI marginal returns when a firm resorts to additional external innovation partners. This article hypothesizes that the variety of external innovation channels (search breadth) used by a firm, the extent to which a firm draws deeply from them (search depth) and the extent to which a firm collaborates through different external channels (coupled OI) are curvilinearly related with innovation performance. The empirical models are estimated using 84,919 firms from Eurostat's Community Innovation Survey, which was conducted in 2008 across European countries. The results suggest that search breadth is curvilinearly related with all the measures of innovation performance, whereas search depth is not subject to diminishing marginal returns in most cases. Furthermore, this article shows that coupled OI is curvilinearly related with the development and commercialization of radically new products. The findings of this study make several contributions both in a practical perspective, showing how managers can put into practice different OI strategies to influence innovation performance, and in a theoretical perspective, suggesting a number of recommendations for future research.
Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance. European Management Journal 2016, 34, 501 -516.
AMA StyleMarco Greco, Michele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli. An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance. European Management Journal. 2016; 34 (5):501-516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Greco; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. 2016. "An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance." European Management Journal 34, no. 5: 501-516.
The purpose of this study is to introduce and test, on a comparative case-study, a flexible qualitative/quantitative procedure to return an analytic picture of its composing drivers. This goal is achieved via the audit of the building factors composing the strategic resources involved in the firm-specific dynamics of value-creation, eventually returning key-indicators that can be used for benchmarking. To ensure that the analyst is in the position to conduct an augmented accurate assessment of the business value of the company and foster its promotion, the management can benefit from responsible resource allocation/leveraging to improve business performance and development in harmony with strategy alignment.
Franco Maria Battagello; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. A Disclosure of the Set of Intangible Resources: A Value-Based Snapshot of the Strategic Capital. Journal of Promotion Management 2016, 22, 588 -603.
AMA StyleFranco Maria Battagello, Michele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli. A Disclosure of the Set of Intangible Resources: A Value-Based Snapshot of the Strategic Capital. Journal of Promotion Management. 2016; 22 (4):588-603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranco Maria Battagello; Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli. 2016. "A Disclosure of the Set of Intangible Resources: A Value-Based Snapshot of the Strategic Capital." Journal of Promotion Management 22, no. 4: 588-603.
Cesare Rossi; Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi; Marco Greco. The strategic assessment of intellectual capital assets: An application within Terradue Srl. Journal of Business Research 2016, 69, 1598 -1603.
AMA StyleCesare Rossi, Livio Cricelli, Michele Grimaldi, Marco Greco. The strategic assessment of intellectual capital assets: An application within Terradue Srl. Journal of Business Research. 2016; 69 (5):1598-1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesare Rossi; Livio Cricelli; Michele Grimaldi; Marco Greco. 2016. "The strategic assessment of intellectual capital assets: An application within Terradue Srl." Journal of Business Research 69, no. 5: 1598-1603.
Purpose – Despite the flourishing literature on intellectual capital (IC), few studies explored its features in the perspective of family firms, and even fewer focussed on small family firms (SFFs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze how managers and senior employees in SFFs perceive the benefits and costs of intellectual capital assets (ICAs) and provides many insights for future researches. Design/methodology/approach – Taking the lead from the constructivist epistemology, this instrumental study describes the implementation of a framework for the assessment of ICAs into four SFFs in order to develop general theoretical principles. Findings – Among the findings, it stands out that most SFFs in the sample especially rely on their internal processes and on their human resources’ knowledge and competences. Furthermore, the authors found much internal disagreement with respect to the expected costs of investing on ICAs, especially within firms operating in more turbulent markets. Research limitations/implications – Being referred to a multiple case study, the results may not be generalized to other organizations. Nevertheless, they are useful to build theory, either by verification of falsification, and to encourage their future testing in empirical papers. Practical implications – The implementation of the framework allows identifying internal disagreement with respect to the ICAs’ costs and benefits and exploring their causes. Furthermore, it suggests which should be the ICAs deserving primary attention in order to have the best impact on value creation. Originality/value – The paper investigates IC in SFFs, thus contributing to fill a remarkable gap in IC literature.
Michele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli; Marco Greco. Perceived benefits and costs of intellectual capital in small family firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital 2016, 17, 351 -372.
AMA StyleMichele Grimaldi, Livio Cricelli, Marco Greco. Perceived benefits and costs of intellectual capital in small family firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2016; 17 (2):351-372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Grimaldi; Livio Cricelli; Marco Greco. 2016. "Perceived benefits and costs of intellectual capital in small family firms." Journal of Intellectual Capital 17, no. 2: 351-372.
Many authors showed the benefits of open innovation (OI) to firms, consequently encouraging managers to adopt the OI paradigm to improve innovation performance. Nevertheless, whether firms have accepted such exhortations or not is almost empirically unexplored. The frequent claim that firms are increasingly adopting the OI paradigm is mostly anecdotal. This paper presents a large-scale analysis of firms’ OI adoption by means of four waves of the community innovation survey, including 275,697 questionnaires. The analysis focuses on the trends in the use of inbound (internal use of external knowledge) and coupled (collaboration with partners) OI approaches. The results confirm that the share of firms adopting the OI paradigm has increased, both in terms of inbound and coupled OI actions. Similarly, firms have intensified the use of the inbound OI mode, whereas they have not intensified the use of collaborations. However, the analyses of different measures of OI show that in most cases the positive trends have not been monotonic, nor steep as they are anecdotally considered to be.
Livio Cricelli; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. ASSESSING THE OPEN INNOVATION TRENDS BY MEANS OF THE EUROSTAT COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY. International Journal of Innovation Management 2016, 20, 1 .
AMA StyleLivio Cricelli, Marco Greco, Michele Grimaldi. ASSESSING THE OPEN INNOVATION TRENDS BY MEANS OF THE EUROSTAT COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY. International Journal of Innovation Management. 2016; 20 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivio Cricelli; Marco Greco; Michele Grimaldi. 2016. "ASSESSING THE OPEN INNOVATION TRENDS BY MEANS OF THE EUROSTAT COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 3: 1.