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The topic of social equity in transport planning has been dealt with, in particular, by authors such as Martens (2012) and Martens and Golob (2012) using a social justice based-approach. However, such an approach, whilst valuable and analytically rigorous (based as it is on accessibility modelling), does not consider a wide range of possible other social impacts of transport, as set out in a framework first put forward by Geurs et al. (2009). This paper uses Geurs’ analytical framework to consider two empirical case studies: The National Transport Strategy for Scotland, adopted in January 2016, together with associated national level spending plans; and Sweden’s 2014–2025 National Transport Plan. The paper will first summarise the contents of each document before analysing them in relation to the categories of social impact that Geurs (2009) identifies, and assess how, in relation to each category of impact, various social groups will benefit or disbenefit. A range of projects (planned) to be delivered by the two national strategies is then analysed in relation to the criteria. This analysis shows that the two national strategies/plans are in their distribution of spending, and the projects funded are generally working away from greater social equity in their distributional impacts.
Tom Rye; Anders Wretstrand. Swedish and Scottish National Transport Policy and Spend: A Social Equity Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1894 .
AMA StyleTom Rye, Anders Wretstrand. Swedish and Scottish National Transport Policy and Spend: A Social Equity Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Anders Wretstrand. 2019. "Swedish and Scottish National Transport Policy and Spend: A Social Equity Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1894.
Scientific publishing is experiencing unprecedented growth in terms of outputs across all fields. Inevitably this creates pressure throughout the system on a number of entities. One key element is represented by peer-reviewers, whose demand increases at an even higher pace than that of publications, since more than one reviewer per paper is needed and not all papers that get reviewed get published. The relatively recent Publons platform allows for unprecedented insight into the usual ‘blindness’ of the peer-review system. At a time where the world’s top peer-reviewers are announced and celebrated, we have taken a step back in order to attempt a partial mapping of their profiles to identify trends and key dimensions of this community of ‘super-reviewers’. This commentary focuses necessarily on a limited sample due to manual processing of data, which needs to be done within a single day for the type of information we seek. In investigating the numbers of performed reviews vs. academic citations, our analysis suggests that most reviews are carried out by relatively inexperienced academics. For some of these early career academics, peer-reviewing seems to be the only activity they engage with, given the high number of reviews performed (e.g., three manuscripts per day) and the lack of outputs (zero academic papers and citations in some cases). Additionally, the world’s top researchers (i.e., highly-cited researchers) are understandably busy with research activities and therefore far less active in peer-reviewing. Lastly, there seems to be an uneven distribution at a national level between scientific outputs (e.g., publications) and reviews performed. Our analysis contributes to the ongoing global discourse on the health of scientific peer-review, and it raises some important questions for further discussion.
Francesco Pomponi; Bernardino D’Amico; Tom Rye. Who Is (Likely) Peer-Reviewing Your Papers? A Partial Insight into the World’s Top Reviewers. Publications 2019, 7, 15 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Pomponi, Bernardino D’Amico, Tom Rye. Who Is (Likely) Peer-Reviewing Your Papers? A Partial Insight into the World’s Top Reviewers. Publications. 2019; 7 (1):15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Pomponi; Bernardino D’Amico; Tom Rye. 2019. "Who Is (Likely) Peer-Reviewing Your Papers? A Partial Insight into the World’s Top Reviewers." Publications 7, no. 1: 15.
Individual freight transport policies have been investigated in the literature extensively in the last 10-15 years, yet there has surprisingly been very little attention to the process of selecting urban freight transport (UFT) policy measures. This study focuses on UFT policy choice by local authorities, investigating how policy context, resource availability and the need for legitimacy influence how local authorities seek and select UFT specific policies. The methodology is a cross-case analysis of eleven cities across three countries (Sweden, England and Scotland), based on interview and documentary data. Findings reveal that all cities have the same high-level goals, such as reducing emissions and congestion, supporting the economy and improving quality of life. However, in most cases these rather general goals are not broken down into clear objectives with targets that can be measured. Therefore, selected UFT policy measures are chosen from a pool of common measures (primarily access restrictions such as time windows and weight restrictions), but without monitored targets that determine whether or not they are achieving objectives. This does not necessarily mean that the measures chosen are inappropriate, but that there is a lack of a strategic approach to setting and reviewing measures according to achieving specific policy goals. This is primarily a result of a lack of resources and dedicated UFT personnel, as well as challenges related to public acceptability of restrictive policies.
Emine Zehra Akgün; Jason Monios; Tom Rye; Achille Fonzone. Influences on urban freight transport policy choice by local authorities. Transport Policy 2019, 75, 88 -98.
AMA StyleEmine Zehra Akgün, Jason Monios, Tom Rye, Achille Fonzone. Influences on urban freight transport policy choice by local authorities. Transport Policy. 2019; 75 ():88-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmine Zehra Akgün; Jason Monios; Tom Rye; Achille Fonzone. 2019. "Influences on urban freight transport policy choice by local authorities." Transport Policy 75, no. : 88-98.
This paper synthesizes evidence from Workshop 4 ‘Criteria for successful collaboration’ of the 15th International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport. This workshop focused on collaboration between public and private organisations as a key dimension of public transport governance. Collaborative arrangements can in some cases be a complementary approach to owner-instruction relationships (when allowed within the legal framework), overcoming or at least addressing some of the “critical interfaces” and problems that “fall between the cracks” in formal institutional structures. Collaboration between organisations with different resources and aims is often crucial for the ability to identify, develop and implement efficient solutions to problems that exceed traditional divisions of responsibility. It can foster trust (trusting partnerships) and joint capacity for innovation; and it can take place in formalized partnerships or more informal networks. Papers at the workshop addressed both positive and negative experiences of collaboration in Scandinavia, Brasil, Chile, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Australia from an empirical perspective, but several more theoretical papers considered the place of collaboration within wider governance frameworks. The workshop discussions led to a clearer definition of collaboration, and the formulation of key lessons on collaboration as a critical dimension in the interaction between the organisations that drive the development of current public transport operations and management, and future public transport improvements.
Tom Rye; Karolina Isaksson. Workshop 4 report: Criteria for successful collaboration. Research in Transportation Economics 2018, 69, 344 -348.
AMA StyleTom Rye, Karolina Isaksson. Workshop 4 report: Criteria for successful collaboration. Research in Transportation Economics. 2018; 69 ():344-348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Karolina Isaksson. 2018. "Workshop 4 report: Criteria for successful collaboration." Research in Transportation Economics 69, no. : 344-348.
Tom Rye; Stephen Ison; Harry Richardson; Chang-Hee Bae. The European and Asian Experience of Implementing Congestion Charging: Its Applicability to the United States. Road Congestion Pricing in Europe 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleTom Rye, Stephen Ison, Harry Richardson, Chang-Hee Bae. The European and Asian Experience of Implementing Congestion Charging: Its Applicability to the United States. Road Congestion Pricing in Europe. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Stephen Ison; Harry Richardson; Chang-Hee Bae. 2013. "The European and Asian Experience of Implementing Congestion Charging: Its Applicability to the United States." Road Congestion Pricing in Europe , no. : 1.
A travel plan is a package of measures implemented by an organisation to encourage people who travel to/from that organisation to do so by means other than driving alone by private car. This paper advances two principal arguments: firstly, that the planning system and maximum parking standards as part of it are the main factors leading to travel plan development in England today; and, secondly, that the difficulties of using the planning system in this way means that there is a risk that many of these travel plans are unlikely to have a great deal of influence on travel patterns, making it more unlikely that they will achieve the predicted impact on travel behaviour change, as contained in the important study and report “Smarter Choices” (Department for Transport, 2004). This paper presents results from a survey of planning and transport authorities in England, which obtained a 62% response rate from the 139 authorities contacted. It also uses the results of 18 interviews with local authority and Highways Agency staff involved in securing travel plans through the planning process. The survey found that the planning process (as opposed to voluntary efforts) is indeed the main means by which travel plans are now secured. In addition, maximum parking standards were shown to have a major influence on travel plan formation for organisations going through the planning process. There are however reasons to doubt that all of the travel plans secured through the planning process are effective. This is because:
Tom Rye; Corinna Green; Emma Young; Stephen Ison. Using the land-use planning process to secure travel plans: an assessment of progress in England to date. Journal of Transport Geography 2011, 19, 235 -243.
AMA StyleTom Rye, Corinna Green, Emma Young, Stephen Ison. Using the land-use planning process to secure travel plans: an assessment of progress in England to date. Journal of Transport Geography. 2011; 19 (2):235-243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Corinna Green; Emma Young; Stephen Ison. 2011. "Using the land-use planning process to secure travel plans: an assessment of progress in England to date." Journal of Transport Geography 19, no. 2: 235-243.
Climate change is one of the key global policy issues of our time. Transport is the sector from which it has been hardest to cut emissions and, to make substantial progress in the future, action will be required at all levels of government from international to local. The governance of transport within this already challenging arena is further complicated by the existence of different structures for the management of transport modes and variations in formal governance structures across countries and regions. This paper examines the prospect for deep cuts in CO2 emissions from transport through an examination of the key policy levers for change and considering the governance issues that surround them. The focus of the paper is the United Kingdom, and in particular England and Scotland. The UK is the first country to have a legally binding internal obligation to meet carbon dioxide reduction targets and this has prompted significant activity in both governance institutions and delivery. The research uses a multi-level governance framework to understand the policy environment in England and Scotland, capturing both the range of spatial actors and the influence of sectoral actors in what is a complex polity. It is concluded that the policy approach currently appears constrained by a desire to divide accountability by formal institutional structures, thus failing to tackle the dispersed nature of travel and the national and international nature of businesses. There is currently a lack of clarity about the tiering of responsibilities between spatial levels and there is therefore a comparative lack of commitment to the potential for demand management and travel reduction strategies to contribute to carbon reduction. Carbon reduction policies are also influenced by strong industry lobbies whose goals may not be fully aligned with carbon reduction strategies. The profusion of actors engaged in climate change policy seems to dilute rather than promote effective policy making.
Greg Marsden; Tom Rye. The governance of transport and climate change. Journal of Transport Geography 2010, 18, 669 -678.
AMA StyleGreg Marsden, Tom Rye. The governance of transport and climate change. Journal of Transport Geography. 2010; 18 (6):669-678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreg Marsden; Tom Rye. 2010. "The governance of transport and climate change." Journal of Transport Geography 18, no. 6: 669-678.
Tom Rye; William Mykura. Concessionary bus fares for older people in Scotland – are they achieving their objectives? Journal of Transport Geography 2009, 17, 451 -456.
AMA StyleTom Rye, William Mykura. Concessionary bus fares for older people in Scotland – are they achieving their objectives? Journal of Transport Geography. 2009; 17 (6):451-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; William Mykura. 2009. "Concessionary bus fares for older people in Scotland – are they achieving their objectives?" Journal of Transport Geography 17, no. 6: 451-456.
The City of Edinburgh in Scotland in the UK had advanced plans for a congestion charging scheme until 25 February 2005. However, these plans were abandoned at that time after a referendum that resulted in a ‘no vote’. This paper explains the origins of the scheme, outlines its nature, extent, charging technology and predicted effect; it also analyses the difficulties that exist when attempting to plan and implement such a scheme in a particular governance context, and when there is little unanimity of public opinion about the need for a scheme. As well as the primary documentation from the proposals (e.g. public inquiry submissions, papers to government), the paper also draws upon a series of face-to-face interviews that were undertaken with key stakeholders. It also provides an analysis of press coverage in the local (Edinburgh) and national (Scottish) newspapers in the run-up to the referendum. These sources explain both the systemic and more local barriers to the scheme's implementation. The paper draws key lessons which are important for authorities considering the implementation of a road user charging scheme, by suggesting how legislative and governance barriers to implementation can be reduced. The lessons are of relevance world wide.
Tom Rye; Martin Gaunt; Stephen Ison. Edinburgh's Congestion Charging Plans: An Analysis of Reasons for Non-Implementation. Transportation Planning and Technology 2008, 31, 641 -661.
AMA StyleTom Rye, Martin Gaunt, Stephen Ison. Edinburgh's Congestion Charging Plans: An Analysis of Reasons for Non-Implementation. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2008; 31 (6):641-661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Martin Gaunt; Stephen Ison. 2008. "Edinburgh's Congestion Charging Plans: An Analysis of Reasons for Non-Implementation." Transportation Planning and Technology 31, no. 6: 641-661.
There is a demonstrable link between parking availability, price and mode choice, and parking policy has been shown to be a powerful demand management tool. Parking however is clearly an area of policy conflict since using it to manage demand may reduce revenue generation, or (be perceived to) damage the local economy. In terms of on-street and off-street parking there are a wide range of users who often have conflicting opinions, which have to be taken into account in its management, invariably leading to parking policies and measures that do not maximise the demand management potential of parking. This paper presents a range of public and business opinion data, from the case study of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, collected as part of the consultation for its parking strategy in 2005–2006. The strategy covers a wider geographical area than simply the city centre, and whilst this paper makes reference to this wider area it primarily deals with the city centre since that is where the majority of the parking strategy issues are to be found. After setting the policy and political context, the paper goes on to present these data. It then shows how the city's parking policies were changed in response to the consultation. These policy changes are compared with parking policies that would solely manage travel demand, to demonstrate how the political process leads to compromise in the formulation of parking policies and measures.
Tom Rye; Kim Hunton; Stephen Ison; Nazan Kocak. The role of market research and consultation in developing parking policy. Transport Policy 2008, 15, 387 -394.
AMA StyleTom Rye, Kim Hunton, Stephen Ison, Nazan Kocak. The role of market research and consultation in developing parking policy. Transport Policy. 2008; 15 (6):387-394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Kim Hunton; Stephen Ison; Nazan Kocak. 2008. "The role of market research and consultation in developing parking policy." Transport Policy 15, no. 6: 387-394.
In February 2005 residents of Edinburgh in Scotland, UK, were given the opportunity to vote in a referendum on the introduction of a road user charging scheme, which had been in development for almost a decade. The public voted against the scheme by a ratio of 3:1 and it was consequently abandoned. The objective of this research was to determine the principal factors responsible for the public’s overwhelming opposition to the scheme. A postal self‐completion questionnaire was distributed to 1300 randomly selected households along a transect from central to south Edinburgh. The 368 completed questionnaires returned were analysed to assess the influence of several factors on the way respondents voted in the referendum. Car use was shown to be the principal determinant of voting behaviour, with car owners strongly opposing the scheme and non‐car owners only weakly supporting it. The public’s limited understanding of the scheme increased the strength of the opposing vote. Further, the public were largely unconvinced that the scheme would have achieved its dual objectives of reducing congestion and improving public transport. The findings suggest that more attention should have been paid to designing a simpler, more easily communicated scheme and convincing residents, particularly public transport users, of its benefits.
Martin Gaunt; Tom Rye; Simon Allen. Public Acceptability of Road User Charging: The Case of Edinburgh and the 2005 Referendum. Transport Reviews 2007, 27, 85 -102.
AMA StyleMartin Gaunt, Tom Rye, Simon Allen. Public Acceptability of Road User Charging: The Case of Edinburgh and the 2005 Referendum. Transport Reviews. 2007; 27 (1):85-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Gaunt; Tom Rye; Simon Allen. 2007. "Public Acceptability of Road User Charging: The Case of Edinburgh and the 2005 Referendum." Transport Reviews 27, no. 1: 85-102.
This article considers the inter-relationship between on-street parking and choice of mode for journeys to work in the Scottish city of Edinburgh. This city is typical of many in that its centre has significant on-street parking controls but, beyond a radius of 1 to 1 1/2 miles (1.5 to 2.5 km) from the centre, there are no controls and commuter parking on-street is commonplace. The article reviews the relevant literature, and then considers the results of a survey undertaken of Edinburgh city centre employees in order to ascertain their parking habits and likely response to the extension of existing on-street parking controls. The article concludes that the results are transferable to other cities but that the scale of the impacts in each will be related to site specific factors, particularly the demand for residential parking space on-street in areas close to the city centre.
Tom Rye; Tom Cowan; Stephen Ison. Expansion of a Controlled Parking Zone (CPZ) and its Influence on Modal Split: The Case of Edinburgh. Transportation Planning and Technology 2006, 29, 75 -89.
AMA StyleTom Rye, Tom Cowan, Stephen Ison. Expansion of a Controlled Parking Zone (CPZ) and its Influence on Modal Split: The Case of Edinburgh. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2006; 29 (1):75-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye; Tom Cowan; Stephen Ison. 2006. "Expansion of a Controlled Parking Zone (CPZ) and its Influence on Modal Split: The Case of Edinburgh." Transportation Planning and Technology 29, no. 1: 75-89.
Tom Rye. Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw, A New Deal for Transport? The UK’s struggle with the sustainable transport agenda, Blackwell, Oxford, (2003), ISBN 140510631X, 280pp, £24.99/$39.95. Journal of Transport Geography 2004, 12, 85 -86.
AMA StyleTom Rye. Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw, A New Deal for Transport? The UK’s struggle with the sustainable transport agenda, Blackwell, Oxford, (2003), ISBN 140510631X, 280pp, £24.99/$39.95. Journal of Transport Geography. 2004; 12 (1):85-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Rye. 2004. "Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw, A New Deal for Transport? The UK’s struggle with the sustainable transport agenda, Blackwell, Oxford, (2003), ISBN 140510631X, 280pp, £24.99/$39.95." Journal of Transport Geography 12, no. 1: 85-86.