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Se-Hyun Kim
National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (NRICH), Daejeon 34122, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Sustainability
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In general, the stone pagoda structures with discontinuous surfaces are vulnerable to lateral forces and are severely damaged by earthquakes. After the Gyeongju earthquake in 2016 and the Pohang earthquake in 2017, numerous stone pagoda structures were damaged due to slippage, rotation, and the separation of stacked stone. To evaluate seismic resistance of masonry stone pagoda structures, we analyzed the seismic behavior of stone pagoda structures using the shaking table test. Shaking frequency, permanent displacement, maximum acceleration, rocking, and sliding were assessed. Responses to simulations of the Bingol, Gyeongju, and Pohang earthquakes based on the Korean seismic design standard (KDS 41 17 00) were analyzed for return periods of 1000 and 2400 years. We found that the type of stylobate affected the seismic resistance of the stone pagoda structure. When the stylobates were stiff, seismic energy was transferred from lower to upper regions of the stone pagoda, which mainly resulted in deformation of the upper region. When the stylobates were weak, earthquake energy was absorbed in the lower regions, which was associated with large stylobate deformations. The lower part of the tower body was mainly affected by rocking, because the structural members were slender. The higher part of the stone pagoda was mainly affected by sliding, because the load and contact area decreased with height.

ACS Style

Ho-Soo Kim; Dong-Kwan Kim; Geon-Woo Jeon; Sang-Sun Jo; Se-Hyun Kim. Seismic Behavior of Stone Pagoda Structure by Shaking Table Test. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5314 .

AMA Style

Ho-Soo Kim, Dong-Kwan Kim, Geon-Woo Jeon, Sang-Sun Jo, Se-Hyun Kim. Seismic Behavior of Stone Pagoda Structure by Shaking Table Test. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho-Soo Kim; Dong-Kwan Kim; Geon-Woo Jeon; Sang-Sun Jo; Se-Hyun Kim. 2021. "Seismic Behavior of Stone Pagoda Structure by Shaking Table Test." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5314.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2019 in Sustainability
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The Gyeongju Historic Areas, which include the millennium-old capital of the Silla Kingdom, are located in the region most frequently affected by seismic events in the Korean peninsula. Despite the numerous earthquakes documented, most of the stone architectural heritage has retained their original forms. This study systematically reviews and categorises studies dealing with the seismic risk assessment of the architectural heritage of the historic areas. It applies research methodologies, such as the evaluation of the engineering characteristics of subsoil in architectural heritage sites, site-specific analysis of the ground motions in response to earthquake scenarios, geographic information system (GIS)-based seismic microzonation according to the geotechnical engineering parameters, reliability assessment of dynamic centrifuge model testing for stone masonry structures and evaluation of seismic behaviour of architectural heritage. The M 5.8 earthquake that hit Gyeongju on September 12, 2016 is analysed from an engineering point of view and the resulting damage to the stone architectural heritage is reported. The study focuses on Cheomseongdae, an astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, whose structural engineering received considerable attention since its seismic resistance was reported after the last earthquake. Dynamic centrifuge model tests applying the Gyeongju Earthquake motions are performed to prove that it is not a coincidence that Cheomseongdae, a masonry structure composed of nearly 400 stone members, survived numerous seismic events for over 1300 years. The structural characteristics of Cheomseongdae, such as the well-compacted filler materials in its lower part, rough inside wall in contrast to the smooth exterior, intersecting stone beams and interlocking headstones are proven to contribute to its overall seismic performance, demonstrating outstanding seismic design technology.

ACS Style

Heon-Joon Park; Jeong-Gon Ha; Se-Hyun Kim; Sang-Sun Jo. Seismic Performance of Ancient Masonry Structures in Korea Rediscovered in 2016 M 5.8 Gyeongju Earthquake. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1565 .

AMA Style

Heon-Joon Park, Jeong-Gon Ha, Se-Hyun Kim, Sang-Sun Jo. Seismic Performance of Ancient Masonry Structures in Korea Rediscovered in 2016 M 5.8 Gyeongju Earthquake. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heon-Joon Park; Jeong-Gon Ha; Se-Hyun Kim; Sang-Sun Jo. 2019. "Seismic Performance of Ancient Masonry Structures in Korea Rediscovered in 2016 M 5.8 Gyeongju Earthquake." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1565.