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Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is considered a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity. However, little is known about its association with granzyme B, which plays an important role in the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In the present study, we collected blood samples from 32 healthy adults before and after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine in 2017/18 to measure the levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, which play roles in cell-mediated immunity, and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody, which plays a role in humoral immunity. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B were significantly correlated both before and after vaccination. Furthermore, the post-vaccine fold increases in the IFN-γ and granzyme B levels were significantly correlated. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B decreased five months after vaccination in more than half of the subjects who exhibited an increase in IFN-γ and granzyme B at two weeks post-vaccination. This is the first study to investigate the correlation between IFN-γ and granzyme B levels following influenza vaccination. Our study suggests that both IFN-γ and granzyme B can be used as markers of cell-mediated immunity.
Naruhito Otani; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Kaori Ishikawa; Kaoru Ichiki; Takashi Ueda; Yoshio Takesue; Takuma Yamamoto; Susumu Tanimura; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination. Viruses 2021, 13, 1137 .
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Kaori Ishikawa, Kaoru Ichiki, Takashi Ueda, Yoshio Takesue, Takuma Yamamoto, Susumu Tanimura, Masayuki Shima, Toshiomi Okuno. Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Kaori Ishikawa; Kaoru Ichiki; Takashi Ueda; Yoshio Takesue; Takuma Yamamoto; Susumu Tanimura; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. 2021. "Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1137.