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Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) reflects a building's performance in relation to the health, comfort and wellbeing of its occupants. Conventional IEQ measurement strategies fail to capture spatial or temporal variations in IEQ. Recent technological developments in IEQ monitoring and occupant location tracking provide opportunities to monitor IEQ across the entire floorplate of a building and to develop deeper insights into individuals' IEQ exposure. The aims of this study were 1) to establish the feasibility of synthesising continuous IEQ exposure based on high-resolution real-time location data, and 2) to investigate individuals' exposure to the indoor climate by mapping occupant location relative to IEQ. IEQ was measured continuously using 12 autonomous desk-mounted devices spread out across the office floorplate. A Real Time Location System (RTLS) tracked occupant location continuously over one month, with 47 location sensors across the research site (1220 m2) and 45 tags attached to occupants' staff-ID access cards. We estimated IEQ spatial distributions across the entire floorplate using cubic splines and fused these with occupants' high-resolution spatiotemporal coordinates. We confirm that it is possible to infer continuous exposure to IEQ conditions from diverse data sources. In this case, we identified distinct IEQ zones across the floorplate that were reflected in the exposure profiles for individual occupants. While there were several limitations to the study, future research could expand this data fusion framework to investigate IEQ relative to occupant health and wellbeing by including occupant-reported data. The framework could also be useful for future investigations aimed at simultaneously optimising building energy and occupant comfort.
Brett Pollard; Fabian Held; Lina Engelen; Lauren Powell; Richard de Dear. Data fusion in buildings: Synthesis of high-resolution IEQ and occupant tracking data. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 776, 146047 .
AMA StyleBrett Pollard, Fabian Held, Lina Engelen, Lauren Powell, Richard de Dear. Data fusion in buildings: Synthesis of high-resolution IEQ and occupant tracking data. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 776 ():146047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrett Pollard; Fabian Held; Lina Engelen; Lauren Powell; Richard de Dear. 2021. "Data fusion in buildings: Synthesis of high-resolution IEQ and occupant tracking data." Science of The Total Environment 776, no. : 146047.
ObjectivesTo assess the nature, quality and independence of scientific evidence provided in support of claims in industry-authored educational materials in oral health.DesignA content analysis of educational materials authored by the four major multinational oral health product manufacturers.SettingAcute care settings.Participants68 documents focused on oral health or oral care, targeted at acute care clinicians and identified as ‘educational’ on companies’ international websites.Main outcome measuresData were extracted in duplicate for three areas of focus: (a) products referenced in the documents, (b) product-related claims and (c) citations substantiating claims. We assessed claim–citation pairs to determine if information in the citation supported the claim. We analysed the inter-relationships among cited authors and companies using social network analysis.ResultsDocuments ranged from training videos to posters to brochures to continuing education courses. The majority of educational materials explicitly mentioned a product (59/68, 87%), a branded product (35/68, 51%), and made a product-related claim (55/68, 81%). Among claims accompanied by a citation, citations did not support the majority (91/147, 62%) of claims, largely because citations were unrelated. References used to support claims most often represented lower levels of evidence: only 9% were systematic reviews (7/76) and 13% were randomised controlled trials (10/76). We found a network of 20 authors to account for 37% (n=77/206) of all references in claim–citation pairs; 60% (12/20) of the top 20 cited authors received financial support from one of the four sampled manufacturers.ConclusionsResources to support clinicians’ ongoing education are scarce. However, caution should be exercised when relying on industry-authored materials to support continuing education for oral health. Evidence of sponsorship bias and reliance on key opinion leaders suggests that industry-authored educational materials have promotional intent and should be regulated as such.
Quinn Grundy; Anna Millington; Cliodna Cussen; Fabian Held; Craig M Dale. Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses. BMJ Open 2020, 10, e040541 .
AMA StyleQuinn Grundy, Anna Millington, Cliodna Cussen, Fabian Held, Craig M Dale. Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses. BMJ Open. 2020; 10 (11):e040541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuinn Grundy; Anna Millington; Cliodna Cussen; Fabian Held; Craig M Dale. 2020. "Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses." BMJ Open 10, no. 11: e040541.
Inter-organisational partnering is seen as an effective mechanism for improving the delivery of chronic disease interventions in communities. Yet even in communities where organisations across multiple sectors are well connected and collaborative in other ways, when it comes to partnering for joint-funding, multiple barriers inhibit the establishment of formal partnerships. To understand why this is so, we examined quantitative and qualitative data from organisations in an Australian community and compared the findings with a review of the published literature in this area. We found that even organisations which are well connected through informal network arrangements face pressure from funding bodies to form more formalised inter-organisational partnerships. Community based organisations also recognise that partnerships are desirable mechanisms for service improvement; however, barriers to joint-funding partnerships exist which include restrictions imposed by funding bodies on the way grants are designed, implemented, and administered. Additional barriers at the community level include organisational capacity for partnership work, intra-organisational restrictions and timing issues. Policy makers must recognise and address the barriers to partnerships which exist within funding structures and at the community level in order to increase partnering opportunities to improve service delivery.
Liza Hopkins; Daniel Chamberlain; Fabian Held; Therese Riley; Jean Zhou Jing Wang; Kathleen Conte. Collaborative Networks in Chronic Disease Prevention: What Factors Inhibit Partnering for Funding? International Journal of Public Administration 2019, 44, 91 -99.
AMA StyleLiza Hopkins, Daniel Chamberlain, Fabian Held, Therese Riley, Jean Zhou Jing Wang, Kathleen Conte. Collaborative Networks in Chronic Disease Prevention: What Factors Inhibit Partnering for Funding? International Journal of Public Administration. 2019; 44 (2):91-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiza Hopkins; Daniel Chamberlain; Fabian Held; Therese Riley; Jean Zhou Jing Wang; Kathleen Conte. 2019. "Collaborative Networks in Chronic Disease Prevention: What Factors Inhibit Partnering for Funding?" International Journal of Public Administration 44, no. 2: 91-99.
Little is known about the social learning of students within community-based clinical placements and ways in which it can be supported. In an allied health service-learning program, we analysed students’ learning relationships to quantify what, and from whom students learnt. We conducted a social learning network survey in four domains of learning (clinical knowledge, procedural skills, professional development, and complex determinants of health) to explore learning relationships (ties) with other people (alters) that students (egos) formed during their placement. We quantified how different roles (supervisors, health professionals, administrators, peers, schoolteachers, and clients) contributed to the students’ learning in each of the four domains. We used exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to test which relational processes contributed to the structure of the observed learning networks. Data was available from a complete cohort of 10 students on placement in a network of 69 members, thus providing information on 680 potential learning relations. Students engaged in similar ways in the domains of clinical knowledge, procedural skills, and professional development. Learning relations with academic supervisors were significantly more likely. Also students reported reciprocal learning relations with peers – i.e. they formed learning pairs. This effect was absent in learning networks about complex determinants of health (including socio-economic and cultural factors). Instead, local administrative staff were significantly more often the source of learning about the local contextual factors. Understanding the structure of student learning networks through social network analysis helps identify targeted strategies to enhance learning in community-based service-learning programs. Our findings suggest students recognised important learning from each other and from administrative personnel that is unrelated to the content of their placement. Based on this insight clinical educators could prepare students to become agentic learners, learning with each other and from sources outside their program.
Fabian P. Held; Chris Roberts; Michele Daly; Claire Brunero. Learning relationships in community-based service-learning: a social network analysis. BMC Medical Education 2019, 19, 113 .
AMA StyleFabian P. Held, Chris Roberts, Michele Daly, Claire Brunero. Learning relationships in community-based service-learning: a social network analysis. BMC Medical Education. 2019; 19 (1):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabian P. Held; Chris Roberts; Michele Daly; Claire Brunero. 2019. "Learning relationships in community-based service-learning: a social network analysis." BMC Medical Education 19, no. 1: 113.
Studying the workplace often involves using observational, self-report recall, or focus group tools, which all have their established advantages and disadvantages. There is, however, a need for a readily available, low-invasive method that can provide longitudinal, repeated, and concurrent in-the-moment information to understand the workplace well. In this study, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to collect 508 real-time responses about activities, posture, work performance, social interactions, and mood in 64 adult office workers in three Australian workplaces. The response rate was 53%, and the time to fill out the survey was 50 seconds on average. On average, the participants were sitting, standing, and walking in 84%, 9%, and 7% of survey instances, respectively. The participants reported they were working alone at their desks in 55% of all reported instances. Reported mood varied up to nine points within one person over the course of the post-occupancy observations. EMA can be used to paint a rich picture of occupants’ experiences and perceptions and to gain invaluable understanding of temporal patterns of the workplace, how the space is used, and how aspects of the workplace interact. This information can be used to make improvements to the physical and social workspaces and enhance occupants’ work performance and mood.
Lina Engelen; Fabian Held. Understanding the Office: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Activities, Posture, Social Interactions, Mood, and Work Performance at the Workplace. Buildings 2019, 9, 54 .
AMA StyleLina Engelen, Fabian Held. Understanding the Office: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Activities, Posture, Social Interactions, Mood, and Work Performance at the Workplace. Buildings. 2019; 9 (2):54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLina Engelen; Fabian Held. 2019. "Understanding the Office: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Activities, Posture, Social Interactions, Mood, and Work Performance at the Workplace." Buildings 9, no. 2: 54.
Computer simulations are a different way of doing science from induction and deduction, they are about creating artificial worlds to study real worlds by analogy. Here we focus on a particular type of simulation model, Agent Based Models, that are capable of representing the essential features of complex social and business systems. We explain the role and value of these types of models and how they are built, tested and interpreted. We show how they can be used to better understand the behaviour of complex systems and also guide practitioners and policymakers.
Fabian Held; Ian Wilkinson. Computer Simulation and Agent-Based Models as a Research Method. Collaborative Research Design 2017, 377 -398.
AMA StyleFabian Held, Ian Wilkinson. Computer Simulation and Agent-Based Models as a Research Method. Collaborative Research Design. 2017; ():377-398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabian Held; Ian Wilkinson. 2017. "Computer Simulation and Agent-Based Models as a Research Method." Collaborative Research Design , no. : 377-398.
Background: A great deal of consumer data, collected actively through consumer reporting or passively through sensors, is shared among apps. Developers increasingly allow their programs to communicate with other apps, sensors, and Web-based services, which are promoted as features to potential users. However, health apps also routinely pose risks related to information leaks, information manipulation, and loss of information. There has been less investigation into the kinds of user data that developers are likely to collect, and who might have access to it. Objective: We sought to describe how consumer data generated from mobile health apps might be distributed and reused. We also aimed to outline risks to individual privacy and security presented by this potential for aggregating and combining user data across apps. Methods: We purposively sampled prominent health and fitness apps available in the United States, Canada, and Australia Google Play and iTunes app stores in November 2015. Two independent coders extracted data from app promotional materials on app and developer characteristics, and the developer-reported collection and sharing of user data. We conducted a descriptive analysis of app, developer, and user data collection characteristics. Using structural equivalence analysis, we conducted a network analysis of sampled apps’ self-reported sharing of user-generated data. Results: We included 297 unique apps published by 231 individual developers, which requested 58 different permissions (mean 7.95, SD 6.57). We grouped apps into 222 app families on the basis of shared ownership. Analysis of self-reported data sharing revealed a network of 359 app family nodes, with one connected central component of 210 app families (58.5%). Most (143/222, 64.4%) of the sampled app families did not report sharing any data and were therefore isolated from each other and from the core network. Fifteen app families assumed more central network positions as gatekeepers on the shortest paths that data would have to travel between other app families. Conclusions: This cross-sectional analysis highlights the possibilities for user data collection and potential paths that data is able to travel among a sample of prominent health and fitness apps. While individual apps may not collect personally identifiable information, app families and the partners with which they share data may be able to aggregate consumer data, thus achieving a much more comprehensive picture of the individual consumer. The organizations behind the centrally connected app families represent diverse industries, including apparel manufacturers and social media platforms that are not traditionally involved in health or fitness. This analysis highlights the potential for anticipated and voluntary but also possibly unanticipated and involuntary sharing of user data, validating privacy and security concerns in mobile health. [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(6):e233]
Quinn Grundy; Fabian P Held; Lisa A Bero. Tracing the Potential Flow of Consumer Data: A Network Analysis of Prominent Health and Fitness Apps. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2017, 19, e233 .
AMA StyleQuinn Grundy, Fabian P Held, Lisa A Bero. Tracing the Potential Flow of Consumer Data: A Network Analysis of Prominent Health and Fitness Apps. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2017; 19 (6):e233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuinn Grundy; Fabian P Held; Lisa A Bero. 2017. "Tracing the Potential Flow of Consumer Data: A Network Analysis of Prominent Health and Fitness Apps." Journal of Medical Internet Research 19, no. 6: e233.
We discuss the use of Agent-based Modelling for the development and testing of theories about emergent social phenomena in marketing and the social sciences in general. We address both theoretical aspects about the types of phenomena that are suitably addressed with this approach and practical guidelines to help plan and structure the development of a theory about the causes of such a phenomenon in conjunction with a matching ABM. We argue that research about complex social phenomena is still largely fundamental research and therefore an iterative and cyclical development process of both theory and model is to be expected. To better anticipate and manage this process, we provide theoretical and practical guidelines. These may help to identify and structure the domain of candidate explanations for a social phenomenon, and furthermore assist the process of model implementation and subsequent development. The main goal of this paper was to make research on complex social systems more accessible and help anticipate and structure the research process.
Fabian P. Held; Ian F. Wilkinson; Robert E. Marks; Louise Young. Agent-Based Modelling, a New Kind of Research. Australasian Marketing Journal 2014, 22, 4 -14.
AMA StyleFabian P. Held, Ian F. Wilkinson, Robert E. Marks, Louise Young. Agent-Based Modelling, a New Kind of Research. Australasian Marketing Journal. 2014; 22 (1):4-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabian P. Held; Ian F. Wilkinson; Robert E. Marks; Louise Young. 2014. "Agent-Based Modelling, a New Kind of Research." Australasian Marketing Journal 22, no. 1: 4-14.