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Cultivation of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the same land contributes to the accumulation of root exudates, leading to increased soil pathogens and decreased yield. Trichoderma harzianum is a naturally occurring endophytic biocontrol fungus that can enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Separately, Bradyrhizobium spp. is a biological nitrogen-fixing (BNF) bacterium favoring nodule formation in peanut roots which promotes nitrogen fixation. The dynamics of the symbiotic association between these two organisms were evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Peanuts were cultivated in pots inoculated with either Bradyrhizobium or Trichoderma or both to evaluate growth, development, and yield. The in vitro study results showed that seeds treated with Trichoderma had better germination and seedling biomass (p = 0.0008) compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, the results of greenhouse studies showed that seeds inoculated with both microbes, and those inoculated with Bradyrhizobium alone had higher dry biomass (p < 0.0001) as well as higher chlorophyll content (p < 0.0001) compared to the other treatments. Understanding of the interactive effects of fungal endophytes and rhizobial bacteria on plant growth and development will help in both the nutrient and disease management of Arachis hypogaea L.
Ravi Teja Kumar Reddy Neelipally; Ambrose O. Anoruo; Shad Nelson. Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Trichoderma on Growth, Development, and Yield of Arachishypogaea L. (Peanut). Agronomy 2020, 10, 1415 .
AMA StyleRavi Teja Kumar Reddy Neelipally, Ambrose O. Anoruo, Shad Nelson. Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Trichoderma on Growth, Development, and Yield of Arachishypogaea L. (Peanut). Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRavi Teja Kumar Reddy Neelipally; Ambrose O. Anoruo; Shad Nelson. 2020. "Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Trichoderma on Growth, Development, and Yield of Arachishypogaea L. (Peanut)." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1415.
There exist common-pool resource systems where it is difficult to prevent prospective beneficiaries from receiving profits from the use or harvest of shared resources, and they are often subject to continual utilization, leading to resource degradation and economic erosion (a behavior known as the ‘tragedy of the commons’). Nigerian nomadic grazing systems currently undergoing the tragedy of the commons pose a great challenge to agrarian communities, herders and political stability throughout the country due to violent conflicts and property destruction as herders migrate in search of forage resources for livestock. We modeled these dynamics in order to better understand the Nigerian grazing lands, with the objective of identifying potential leverage points capable of reversing overgrazing-induced forage degradation, in order to ensure a sustainable livestock production sector. Model what-if experiments (crop restrictions, crop marketing and increased labor costs) were run, resulting in partial solutions that were effective only in the short-term or limited in geographic-scope. A sustainable solution should include a combination of strategies, as the impact of one strategy alone cannot effectively resolve these Nigerian grazing issues (e.g., collaboration between farmers, herdsmen and government stakeholders to increase market integration via crop market expansion while simultaneously providing forage regeneration time for grazing lands). The resulting model could be used by Nigerian policy-makers to evaluate the long-term effects of decisions which were previously unexplored.
Rhoda Aderinto; J. Ortega-S.; Ambrose Anoruo; Richard Machen; Benjamin Turner. Can the Tragedy of the Commons be Avoided in Common-Pool Forage Resource Systems? An Application to Small-Holder Herding in the Semi-Arid Grazing Lands of Nigeria. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5947 .
AMA StyleRhoda Aderinto, J. Ortega-S., Ambrose Anoruo, Richard Machen, Benjamin Turner. Can the Tragedy of the Commons be Avoided in Common-Pool Forage Resource Systems? An Application to Small-Holder Herding in the Semi-Arid Grazing Lands of Nigeria. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRhoda Aderinto; J. Ortega-S.; Ambrose Anoruo; Richard Machen; Benjamin Turner. 2020. "Can the Tragedy of the Commons be Avoided in Common-Pool Forage Resource Systems? An Application to Small-Holder Herding in the Semi-Arid Grazing Lands of Nigeria." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5947.
High temperatures and drought are common stresses limiting crop growth and productivity in subtropical regions where citrus are produced. In addition to impacts on physiological processes such as transpiration, photosynthesis, and respiration, excessive solar radiation can also reduce fruit productivity by inducing physiological disorders such as sunburn. This study evaluated the effects of radiation reflectants and anti-transpirants on leaf physiology, and fruit sunburn in grapefruit trees (Citrus x paradisi Macfs. cv. Rio Red) in south Texas during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Two calcium-based reflectants, and a methene/pinolene-based anti-transpirant were foliar applied to fruit-bearing trees. Reflectants reduced fruit and leaf temperatures by 0.2°C and 0.21°C, respectively, while the anti-transpirant treatments increased fruit and leaf temperature by approximately 0.83°C and 0.2°C relative to the controls. Stomatal conductance decreased by 1.3% and 3.3%, respectively, in response to the reflectant treatments, while anti-transpirant treatments resulted in decreased stomatal conductance (8.3%) relative to the controls. More sunburned fruit were found in anti-transpirant treated trees in both years (6% and 8.2% for 2016 and 2017) and the reflectant treatments reduced sunburn incidence by 4.9% and 1.8% in those years. These observations indicate that reflectant applications could be a viable strategy to mitigate heat/radiation stress and sunburn in grapefruit.
Julissa Rodriguez; Ambrose Anoruo; John Jifon; Catherine Simpson. Physiological Effects of Exogenously Applied Reflectants and Anti-Transpirants on Leaf Temperature and Fruit Sunburn in Citrus. Plants 2019, 8, 549 .
AMA StyleJulissa Rodriguez, Ambrose Anoruo, John Jifon, Catherine Simpson. Physiological Effects of Exogenously Applied Reflectants and Anti-Transpirants on Leaf Temperature and Fruit Sunburn in Citrus. Plants. 2019; 8 (12):549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulissa Rodriguez; Ambrose Anoruo; John Jifon; Catherine Simpson. 2019. "Physiological Effects of Exogenously Applied Reflectants and Anti-Transpirants on Leaf Temperature and Fruit Sunburn in Citrus." Plants 8, no. 12: 549.
Six national programs—including the Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP), Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), Desertification Combating Program around Beijing and Tianjin (DCBT), Shelterbelt Network Development Program (SNDP), Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Protection Program (WCNR), and Industrial Timberland Plantation Program (ITPP)—were adopted as means to achieve the Chinese Government sustainable development national policy. While the programs have made promising progress circa 10 yr at the national level, problems exist at the regional and locals levels. This article, therefore, reviews the achievements and problems associated with the programs and their implementations, and provides recommendations for the full realization of the goals of the programs. We recommend a comprehensive strategy for future activities—including promotion of sustainability science, reformation of rigid policies and regulations, adoption of sustainable forestry practices, integrated ecosystem management approach, and formation of new international collaborations.
Weimin Xi; Fugui Wang; Peili Shi; Erfu Dai; Ambrose O. Anoruo; Huaxing Bi; Alexander Rahmlow; Binghui He; Wenhua Li. Challenges to Sustainable Development in China: A Review of Six Large-Scale Forest Restoration and Land Conservation Programs. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2014, 33, 435 -453.
AMA StyleWeimin Xi, Fugui Wang, Peili Shi, Erfu Dai, Ambrose O. Anoruo, Huaxing Bi, Alexander Rahmlow, Binghui He, Wenhua Li. Challenges to Sustainable Development in China: A Review of Six Large-Scale Forest Restoration and Land Conservation Programs. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2014; 33 (5):435-453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeimin Xi; Fugui Wang; Peili Shi; Erfu Dai; Ambrose O. Anoruo; Huaxing Bi; Alexander Rahmlow; Binghui He; Wenhua Li. 2014. "Challenges to Sustainable Development in China: A Review of Six Large-Scale Forest Restoration and Land Conservation Programs." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 33, no. 5: 435-453.