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Sustainable development is growingly being developed in universities around the world. The United Nations presented eight Sustainability Key Competencies (SKCs) that represent cross-cutting competencies crucial to advance sustainable development and achieve Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this research is to know to what extent the University of Iceland courses seem to include the emphasis of the SKCs, either in the course description text or the learning outcomes. Data collection took place in early 2020 and included analysing every single university’s course description text and learning outcomes using a curriculum analysis key for SKCs. Results show that proportionally, most signs of SKCs were found for SKC 3 (Normative competency) in 53% of courses in the university, and SKC 6 (Critical thinking competency) in 46% of the university’s courses. For individual schools of the university, the far highest proportion of signs of SKC was found for the School of Education (5.0 signs per course) and the relatively fewest for the School of Humanities (1.1 sign per course). The results are discussed both in relation to identified competencies needed for the pressing sustainability problems humanity faces, and in the light of a discrepancy appearing between the university’s ranking according to Times Higher Education University Ranking by citations, research, and teaching, and the proportional signs of individual SKCs within the University of Iceland.
Auður Pálsdóttir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Key Competencies for Sustainability in University of Iceland Curriculum. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8945 .
AMA StyleAuður Pálsdóttir, Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Key Competencies for Sustainability in University of Iceland Curriculum. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAuður Pálsdóttir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. 2021. "Key Competencies for Sustainability in University of Iceland Curriculum." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8945.
Sustainability is a pressing topic in all universities. Institutions are determining what the implications of such a development are, e.g., on how courses that students are provided with should develop, what to change, what to add, and how these changes could be brought about. The purpose of this research was to provide an overview of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the curriculum of five schools at the University of Iceland and an overview of individual SDGs for the university, to identify the main challenges and opportunities for improvement. Data collection included analysis of every single university’s course description and learning outcomes using a curriculum analysis key designed for the SDGs. Results indicated strong signs of SDG 4 (quality education) at the School of Education and the School of Social Sciences and SDG 3 (good health and well-being) at the School of Health Sciences. For the university, the results revealed a very limited emphasis on four SDGs, i.e., SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), and SDG 13 (climate actions). The results can serve as a benchmark for other universities, e.g., for comparison of results and their situation when creating policy and practices that include implementing the SDGs. Additionally, they can be used for comparison within the University of Iceland as a whole or within each school to monitor change.
Auður Pálsdóttir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Signs of the United Nations SDGs in University Curriculum: The Case of the University of Iceland. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8958 .
AMA StyleAuður Pálsdóttir, Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Signs of the United Nations SDGs in University Curriculum: The Case of the University of Iceland. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8958.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAuður Pálsdóttir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. 2021. "Signs of the United Nations SDGs in University Curriculum: The Case of the University of Iceland." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8958.
Environmental sustainability indicators are commonly used to assess progress towards sustainability. Assessing environmental impacts associated with a specific economic sector can provide a more detailed view of the effects of economic activities on the environmental performance of a nation. A national indicator set, specifically developed for Iceland, was evaluated for its capacity to capture environmental sustainability impacts from the tourism sector. Iceland's tourism sector is an interesting case because of its recent fast-paced growth and concerns regarding its environmental impacts. The indicator set was evaluated based on two criteria: relevance and measurability in the context of Iceland's tourism sector. Though most of the indicators were relevant to the tourism context, they did not fulfil the measurability criteria due to disaggregation issues, omissions of important topics and lack of data. Partial measurement was possible for 12 out of 23 of the reviewed indicators, e.g., most indicators in the air pollution theme could be measured whereas indicators in the water theme were of limited measurability. A preliminary calculation of the indicators revealed that despite the partial measurement, the impact of tourism was discernible though often underestimated due to limited data. Knowledge building concerning data gaps was one of the derived outcomes of the analytical process. National indicators of environmental sustainability can at best provide only a partial appraisal, and comprehensive evaluation of the tourism sector's impacts demands multi-scale analysis and indicators specific to the sector.
Nína M. Saviolidis; David Cook; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Snjólfur Ólafsson. Challenges of national measurement of environmental sustainability in tourism. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability 2021, 3, 100079 .
AMA StyleNína M. Saviolidis, David Cook, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, Snjólfur Ólafsson. Challenges of national measurement of environmental sustainability in tourism. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability. 2021; 3 ():100079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNína M. Saviolidis; David Cook; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Snjólfur Ólafsson. 2021. "Challenges of national measurement of environmental sustainability in tourism." Current Research in Environmental Sustainability 3, no. : 100079.
The Arctic is a remote region that has become increasingly globalized, yet it remains extremely vulnerable to many risks. The COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges to the region. Using the search, appraisal, synthesis and analysis (SALSA) approach to conduct a meta-synthesis of the academic and grey literature on the impacts of the pandemic, an assessment is conducted of the types of risks that have been presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the scales, and the national response strategies for mitigating the risks. Two case studies are explored: Iceland and Greenland, island nations that exemplify the extremes of the Arctic and reliance on tourism, a sector that was nearly entirely suspended by the pandemic. An evaluative matrix is employed which combines five different scales of risk—nano, micro, meso, macro and cosmic—with a sustainability categorization of impacts. The risks of the pandemic cut across the respective scale and categories, with the potential for macro-scale events (systemic risk) to unfold linked to economic spillover effects driven by the curtailment of tourism and various supply chain delays. Both Iceland and Greenland have exemplified risk mitigation strategies that prioritize health over wealth, very strictly in the case of the latter. Strict border controls and domestic restrictions have enabled Iceland and Greenland to have much lower case and death numbers than most nations. In addition, Iceland has led the way, globally, in terms of testing and accumulating scientific knowledge through genetic sequencing of the virus. The academic contribution of the paper concerns its broadening of understanding concerning systemic risk, which extends beyond financial implications to includes sustainability dimensions. For policymakers and practitioners, the paper highlights successful risk mitigation and science-based measures that will be useful for any nation tackling a future pandemic, regardless of whether they are island states, Arctic nations or another country.
David Cook; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Impacts, Systemic Risk and National Response Measures Concerning COVID-19—The Island Case Studies of Iceland and Greenland. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8470 .
AMA StyleDavid Cook, Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Impacts, Systemic Risk and National Response Measures Concerning COVID-19—The Island Case Studies of Iceland and Greenland. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Cook; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. 2021. "Impacts, Systemic Risk and National Response Measures Concerning COVID-19—The Island Case Studies of Iceland and Greenland." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8470.
Easier accessibility and demand for so-called last chance tourism has contributed to rapid growth in Arctic cruise ship tourism. Arctic cruising brings many benefits to remote coastal communities but also presents an array of risks. In the light of this context, this article explores the concept of systemic risk of cruise ship incidents in general, findings which are then placed in an Arctic context and consideration given of the role the insurance sector may play in addressing cruise ship incidents. The study is based on metadata, both from academic and nonacademic sources. Findings are drawn from 11 global case studies of cruise ship incidents, 5 of which are polar examples. In the worst-case scenario, an array of serious economic, business, environmental, sociocultural, and security impacts may unfold in the Arctic, presenting risks that may be considerably worse than in other parts of the world. Arctic-specific challenges include extreme weather conditions and the presence of sea-ice, navigation and communication conditions, and lack of infrastructure (port facilities, Search and Rescue capabilities). Significant knowledge gaps across the Arctic have been identified, for example, in terms of seabed mapping, how to deal with industry-related activities, and the risks and nature of environmental change. When cruise ship risks in the Arctic are considered, both passenger and shipowner risk need to be accounted for, including Search and Rescue cover. Although data are limited, there is evidence that the sociocultural risks of an Arctic cruise ship incident are insufficiently addressed, either via insurance mechanisms or cross-border, navigational safety guidelines such as the Polar Code. The academic contribution of the study is the systemic scale of the analysis, and the practical and political implications are to lay the foundation for solution discussion that is of relevance in an Arctic and insurance context.
Lara Johannsdottir; David Cook; Gisele M. Arruda. Systemic risk of cruise ship incidents from an Arctic and insurance perspective. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 2021, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleLara Johannsdottir, David Cook, Gisele M. Arruda. Systemic risk of cruise ship incidents from an Arctic and insurance perspective. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 2021; 9 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara Johannsdottir; David Cook; Gisele M. Arruda. 2021. "Systemic risk of cruise ship incidents from an Arctic and insurance perspective." Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 9, no. 1: 1.
The Arctic is a remote region that has become increasingly globalised yet remains extremely vulnerable to many risks. The COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges to the region. Using the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) approach to conduct a meta-synthesis of the academic and grey literature on the impacts of the pandemic, an assessment is conducted of the types of risks that have been presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the scales, and the national response strategies for mitigating the risks. Two case studies are explored, Iceland and Greenland, island nations that exemplify the extremes of the Arctic and reliance on tourism, a sector that was nearly entirely suspended by the pandemic. An evaluative matrix is employed which combines five different scales of risk – nano, micro, meso, macro and cosmic – with a sustainability categorisation of impacts. The risks of the pandemic cut across the respective scale and categories, with the potential for macro-scale events (systemic risk) to unfold linked to economic spillover effects driven by the curtailment of tourism and various supply chain delays. Both Iceland and Greenland have exemplified risk mitigation strategies which prioritise health over wealth, very strictly in the case of the latter. Strict border controls and domestic restrictions have enabled Iceland and Greenland to have much lower case and death numbers than most nations. In addition, Iceland has led the way, globally, in terms of testing and accumulating scientific knowledge concerning the genetic sequencing of the virus. The academic contribution of the paper concerns its broadening of understanding concerning systemic risk, which extends beyond financial implications to includes sustainability dimensions. For policymakers and practitioners, the paper highlights successful risk mitigation and science-based measures that will be useful for any nation tackling a future pandemic, regardless of whether they are island states, Arctic nations or another country.
David Cook; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Impacts, Systemic Risk and National Response Measures Concerning COVID-19 – the Island Case Studies of Iceland and Greenland. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDavid Cook, Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Impacts, Systemic Risk and National Response Measures Concerning COVID-19 – the Island Case Studies of Iceland and Greenland. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Cook; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. 2021. "Impacts, Systemic Risk and National Response Measures Concerning COVID-19 – the Island Case Studies of Iceland and Greenland." , no. : 1.
Nordic companies have been at the top of sustainable business rankings since the early 2010s. Some of them are energy companies that have adopted Corporate Social Responsibility to have a positive social impact and become carbon neutral. However, limited literature has analyzed the barriers that Nordic energy companies face while implementing Corporate Social Responsibility. This article aims to identify and categorize the barriers faced by Nordic energy companies. The research is based on empirical data obtained from interviews involving high-level managers from the largest suppliers of energy in the Nordic region. A model is developed, which identifies and categorizes seven barriers at the individual level, seven at the organizational level, and three at the institutional level of analysis. The findings suggest that barriers can be of a direct and indirect nature and can be found across the three levels of analysis. The main contributions of this article are: (1) it identifies and categorizes the barriers that Nordic energy companies face; (2) it defines the barriers as direct and indirect based on their interaction with the company; (3) it presents two models of the barriers and provides empirical evidence that complement the literature; and (4) it contributes to the literature by focusing on the Nordic countries, a region that has received limited attention by scholarly research.
Mauricio Latapí; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir; Mette Morsing. The Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility in the Nordic Energy Sector. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4891 .
AMA StyleMauricio Latapí, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir, Mette Morsing. The Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility in the Nordic Energy Sector. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4891.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauricio Latapí; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir; Mette Morsing. 2021. "The Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility in the Nordic Energy Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4891.
Mining activities cause negative environmental impacts, and social conflicts, but also provide economic benefits to communities and secure minerals necessary for low-carbon technology. The aim of this multiple case study is to analyze, compare and critically evaluate sustainability reports of 10 European mining companies for the 2016–2018 period to determine the drivers for implementation of sustainability practices and their contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings suggest that European mining companies act under pressures from international initiatives and industry associations, the European Union, governments, stakeholders, and partnerships. The companies report on the core subjects of corporate governance, employees, the environment, stakeholders’ engagement and occupational health and safety. Positive trends were observed in stakeholder’s engagement, and health and safety, while air emissions, water and energy usage increased for most companies. Furthermore, there was an absence of improvement in gender diversity, utilization of renewable energy, and waste recycling. Even though all analyzed companies mentioned SDGs in the reports, the reports lacked a comprehensive explanation of mining activities’ contribution to the SDGs. This study addresses a gap in the existing literature on the European mining context of sustainable development and SDGs relevant for researchers, policymakers, and other impacted stakeholders and adds new theoretical knowledge on the external drivers for CSR activities based on institutional theory.
Anđela Ivic; Nína María Saviolidis; Lara Johannsdottir. Drivers of sustainability practices and contributions to sustainable development evident in sustainability reports of European mining companies. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAnđela Ivic, Nína María Saviolidis, Lara Johannsdottir. Drivers of sustainability practices and contributions to sustainable development evident in sustainability reports of European mining companies. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnđela Ivic; Nína María Saviolidis; Lara Johannsdottir. 2021. "Drivers of sustainability practices and contributions to sustainable development evident in sustainability reports of European mining companies." , no. : 1.
Since the early 2010s, Nordic companies have been at the top of business rankings as the most sustainable in the world. Some are energy companies with business frameworks with a long-term approach to become carbon neutral. However, limited literature exists on what drives Nordic energy companies to implement responsible business frameworks even when they are recognized as frontrunners in sustainability and in incorporating renewable sources of energy into their portfolio. This article contributes to the literature by presenting a framework that identifies and categorizes the drivers for Nordic energy companies to implement responsible business frameworks and also by determining the characteristics of a responsible energy company. The findings are based on empirical data obtained from interviews involving high-level managers from relevant Nordic energy companies. A framework is developed and categorizes eight internal, nine connecting, and nine external drivers. The findings suggest that a responsible energy company needs to incorporate nineteen key elements to its business frameworks which served as a basis to propose a definition of the energy company of the future. The findings, and the proposed framework and definition intend to: 1) provide a better understanding of what drives energy companies towards responsible business frameworks, 2) emphasize the importance of defining the characteristics of a responsible energy company, and 3) propose a definition of the energy company of the future. This article contributes to the literature by proposing a framework that provides a broader perspective on the topic and by providing a new definition of the energy company of the future. The practical contributions come from providing a deeper understanding of the diversity of drivers for energy companies which can translate into positive effects for the energy sector with regards to public policies, legislations and regulations, and innovative business frameworks. Understanding what drives energy companies towards responsible corporate behavior is particularly relevant considering that the energy sector is crucial for achieving most of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Mauricio Latapí; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. The energy company of the future: Drivers and characteristics for a responsible business framework. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 288, 125634 .
AMA StyleMauricio Latapí, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. The energy company of the future: Drivers and characteristics for a responsible business framework. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 288 ():125634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauricio Latapí; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir. 2020. "The energy company of the future: Drivers and characteristics for a responsible business framework." Journal of Cleaner Production 288, no. : 125634.
The fashion industry, one of the largest industries in the world, is a complicated phenomenon, driven by aspirations of symbolic lifestyle and the creativity of architecture and design. It pushes the use of natural resources to its limits by mass production and a low-cost structure that motivates consumerism at large. The purpose of this study is to explore corporate social responsibility and how it influences sustainability within the fashion industry. A systematic literature review was carried out. This encompassed the academic publications available in two scientific databases focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), sustainability, and fashion, covering the period 2003–2019. The findings indicate that the CSR approach taken by managers within the fashion industry is focused on sustainability, business models, and/or supply chain innovation, with commitments undertaken concerning the economy, environment, and/or society, wherein the production of eco-friendly products and workers’ safety are emphasized. Actions that tie CSR and sustainability with companies’ actions are presented in a micro-meso-macro framework, where brand equity, culture, supply chain management, activism, and human rights are evident. The findings of the study are relevant for academia, practitioners, and policymakers, as they provide insight into the operations and impacts of domestic and multinational fashion companies, outlining the most relevant studies on the topic, and also highlighting research trends and gaps in the field.
Thorey Thorisdottir; Lara Johannsdottir. Corporate Social Responsibility Influencing Sustainability within the Fashion Industry. A Systematic Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9167 .
AMA StyleThorey Thorisdottir, Lara Johannsdottir. Corporate Social Responsibility Influencing Sustainability within the Fashion Industry. A Systematic Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThorey Thorisdottir; Lara Johannsdottir. 2020. "Corporate Social Responsibility Influencing Sustainability within the Fashion Industry. A Systematic Review." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9167.
Í íslensku atvinnulífi er talsverður kynjahalli þrátt fyrir aðgerðir sem ætlað er að draga úr honum. Hér hallar á konur. Því er kallað eftir bættri stöðu, t.d. varðandi laun og kynjahlutfall í stjórnunarstöðum. Þetta er flókið viðfangsefni en mikilvæg atriði hafa verið dregin fram í áhrifariti sem sýnir meginatriðin og hvernig þau tengjast innbyrðis. Meðal helstu atriða eru launamunur kynjanna, fjölskylduábyrgð, frami kvenna innan fyrirtækja og staðalmyndir kynjanna. Markmið rannsóknarinnar er að draga fram á skipulegan hátt safn mælikvarða, í formi jafnréttisskorkorts, til að meta stöðu kynjanna í íslensku atvinnulífi. Rannsóknarspurningarnar sem lagt var upp með voru: Hvaða safn mælikvarða, sett fram í jafnréttisskorkorti, gefur heildarmynd af stöðu kynjanna í íslensku atvinnulífi? og Hver er staða kynjanna í íslensku atvinnulífi samkvæmt jafnréttisskorkortinu? Niðurstöðurnar og meginframlag rannsóknarinnar er jafnréttisskorkortið sem og samantekt tölulegra gagna sem tengjast mælikvörðum í skorkortinu. Jafnréttisskorkortið getur gagnast í rannsóknum til að sýna stöðu kynjanna og hvernig hún þróast. Það hefur einnig hagnýtt gildi fyrir þá sem vinna að því að jafna stöðu kynjanna í íslensku atvinnulífi, hvort heldur sem er stjórnvöld eða aðilar vinnumarkaðarins.
Snjólfur Ólafsson; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Sigríður Finnbogadóttir; Erla S. Kristjánsdóttir; Þóra H. Christiansen; Þórunn Sigurðardóttir. Jafnréttisskorkort fyrir íslenskt atvinnulíf. Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál 2020, 17, 55 -88.
AMA StyleSnjólfur Ólafsson, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, Sigríður Finnbogadóttir, Erla S. Kristjánsdóttir, Þóra H. Christiansen, Þórunn Sigurðardóttir. Jafnréttisskorkort fyrir íslenskt atvinnulíf. Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál. 2020; 17 (1):55-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSnjólfur Ólafsson; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Sigríður Finnbogadóttir; Erla S. Kristjánsdóttir; Þóra H. Christiansen; Þórunn Sigurðardóttir. 2020. "Jafnréttisskorkort fyrir íslenskt atvinnulíf." Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál 17, no. 1: 55-88.
Energy companies are increasingly pressured to address a broader set of social responsibilities that go beyond legal and environmental requirements, which motivates them to incorporate a holistic approach to their activities. To do so, many firms have adopted Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a response to a diversity of pressures but also as a framework that enables them to prevent and manage risks and be proactive in the context of climate change. While the drivers behind CSR have been thoroughly studied, the specific motivations for energy companies to adopt CSR seems to be missing in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the literature in order to identify and categorize the drivers that motivate energy companies to adopt CSR. To do so, a systematic literature review is conducted that covers all the academic publications from 1990 to 2018 available in four scientific databases and focusing on CSR in the energy sector. The findings indicate that five internal drivers, three connecting drivers, and four external drivers can be identified in the literature as motivations for energy companies to adopt CSR. In addition, it is found that energy companies have a responsive or proactive approach towards the implementation of CSR. This article contributes to the literature by providing a broad systematic review of the academic publications on the topic and by identifying and categorizing the different drivers for CSR implementation that have been pointed out by the scholars in the sample. The practical contributions of this research come from presenting the drivers that motivate energy companies to adopt CSR, which provides understanding of the rationale behind responsible business practices and can translate into positive implications for the energy sector in terms of governance, legislation, and innovative business frameworks. This study can be useful for scholars and practitioners alike because it outlines the most relevant lines of research on the topic and provides a synthesis of the literature that highlights research gaps as well as trends.
Mauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo; Lára Johannsdottir; Brynhildur Davidsdottir. Drivers that motivate energy companies to be responsible. A systematic literature review of Corporate Social Responsibility in the energy sector. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 247, 119094 .
AMA StyleMauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo, Lára Johannsdottir, Brynhildur Davidsdottir. Drivers that motivate energy companies to be responsible. A systematic literature review of Corporate Social Responsibility in the energy sector. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 247 ():119094.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo; Lára Johannsdottir; Brynhildur Davidsdottir. 2019. "Drivers that motivate energy companies to be responsible. A systematic literature review of Corporate Social Responsibility in the energy sector." Journal of Cleaner Production 247, no. : 119094.
The Arctic currently holds a prominent place in global policy. It is a sparsely populated region experiencing major consequences of global change, such as climate change, shifting demographics, and globalization. These substantial and rapid changes create both opportunities and risks for economic development. Informed policy‐making for sustainable development in the Arctic will require an understanding of the specific structures of arctic economies, with a focus on the existence of mixed economies that contain both subsistence and market aspects, the interplay among different economic systems, and the broader contexts in which they function. This paper presents a conceptual framework that allows for comparative analysis of arctic economies within their institutional, social, cultural, and environmental contexts. Utilization of the conceptual framework will enable more complete system‐level analyses by helping to describe the complex relationships among apparently disparate parts of the Arctic's diverse economic systems. The framework can be used across the social and natural sciences, practice, and policy‐making. Furthermore, this framework is applicable to regions outside of the Arctic that also have distinct mixed subsistence and market economies.
Sanne Vammen Larsen; Eleanor K. Bors; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Elena Gladun; Daria Gritsenko; Soili Nysten‐Haarala; Svetlana Tulaeva; Todd Sformo. A Conceptual Framework of Arctic Economies for Policy‐making, Research, and Practice. Global Policy 2019, 10, 686 -696.
AMA StyleSanne Vammen Larsen, Eleanor K. Bors, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, Elena Gladun, Daria Gritsenko, Soili Nysten‐Haarala, Svetlana Tulaeva, Todd Sformo. A Conceptual Framework of Arctic Economies for Policy‐making, Research, and Practice. Global Policy. 2019; 10 (4):686-696.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanne Vammen Larsen; Eleanor K. Bors; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Elena Gladun; Daria Gritsenko; Soili Nysten‐Haarala; Svetlana Tulaeva; Todd Sformo. 2019. "A Conceptual Framework of Arctic Economies for Policy‐making, Research, and Practice." Global Policy 10, no. 4: 686-696.
Climate change science, including the analysis of weather-related trends, is of importance to reduce risks threatening sustainable development. For a long time this has been acknowledged by the insurance sector. Through their expertise in policgecy design, risk assessment, management, loss prevention, claims handling, and responsible investment, the insurance sector has the potential to bridge the gap between climate change science and stakeholder expectations. Therefore, their role is critical with regard to knowledge transfer and climate change resilience. This chapter investigates the role of insurers in bridging the gap between climate change science, manifested in international climate change targets and goals, and actors on different institutional levels in different locations around the world that need to respond to the climate targets and goals. Five different types of knowledge-action gaps which insurers may bridge are explored: (1) the gap between scientific knowledge and policy making, (2) between “North” and the “South,” (3) between the rich and the poor, (4) between global, regional, and local knowledge, and (5) between scientific knowledge and public awareness. The role of insurers in bridging the gaps is explored in the context of climate change impacts on the insurance sector and the consequent actions. The paper draws on literature from multiple disciplines and by using practical examples from the insurance sector.
Lara Johannsdottir; James R. Wallace. Climate Change Resilience: Role of Insurers in Bridging the Gap Between Climate Change Science and Heterogeneous Stakeholders. Handbook of Climate Change Resilience 2019, 2145 -2169.
AMA StyleLara Johannsdottir, James R. Wallace. Climate Change Resilience: Role of Insurers in Bridging the Gap Between Climate Change Science and Heterogeneous Stakeholders. Handbook of Climate Change Resilience. 2019; ():2145-2169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara Johannsdottir; James R. Wallace. 2019. "Climate Change Resilience: Role of Insurers in Bridging the Gap Between Climate Change Science and Heterogeneous Stakeholders." Handbook of Climate Change Resilience , no. : 2145-2169.
Weather-related disasters are causing claims which have an impact on various stakeholders. In the case of economic loss, the right insurance coverage reduces the likelihood of financial impacts and is thus critical for climate change resilience. The insurance industry is highly exposed to climate change but is also able to offer solutions and a wide range of actions to tackle climate change adaptation issues. Therefore, many insurers are leaders in terms of how they help address climate adaptation for private entities. Many actors and institutions are calling for a proactive approach from different private entities, such as insurers, to help deal with climate change, but barriers to action are evident. This chapter explores the concept of isolation as a barrier to insurers’ awareness, role, and actions. It derives from a wide range of factors, that isolation can be divided into a number of forms: (1) geographical, (2) political, (3) knowledge, (4) communication, (5) competitive, (6) technological, (7) institutional size, and (8) customer-related isolation. Many of these barriers have factors and impacts which are interrelated. Findings suggest that multistakeholder and public-private partnership solutions may be used to overcome barriers of isolation, thereby reinforcing resilience. Particular examples are used to illustrate the barriers such as recent legislative developments (the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures), growth of leading industry collaborations (Principles for Sustainable Insurance), and private-public partnership growth (city-resilience platform). The identification of the isolation factors are of relevance for academia, policy-makers, and industry practitioners as it allows for further studies of the topic and may influence actions of policy-makers regulating business and practitioners’ addressing the isolation issues recognized in this chapter.
Lara Johannsdottir; James R. Wallace. Isolation as a Barrier for the Climate Change Actions of Insurers. Handbook of Climate Change Resilience 2019, 1883 -1907.
AMA StyleLara Johannsdottir, James R. Wallace. Isolation as a Barrier for the Climate Change Actions of Insurers. Handbook of Climate Change Resilience. 2019; ():1883-1907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara Johannsdottir; James R. Wallace. 2019. "Isolation as a Barrier for the Climate Change Actions of Insurers." Handbook of Climate Change Resilience , no. : 1883-1907.
The development of major economic sectors can provide the bedrock on which long-lasting national economic prosperity is formed. Iceland’s tourism sector is an example of a rapidly expanded industry in recent years, to the extent that it has become the largest sectoral contributor to the nation’s economy. The growth of the sector has led to a number of sustainability impacts, thus presenting opportunities and challenges in terms of meeting the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Using the case study of Iceland, this paper aims to advance the conceptual understanding of the synergies and trade-offs between a nation’s tourism sector and performance across the 169 targets of the SDGs. Empirical results were derived from four theme-based focus groups comprised of expert participants, who were tasked with completing scoresheets concerning their perception of the extent of synergies and trade-offs for each target. The majority (126 in number) of the mean scoresheet outcomes for the SDG targets revealed neither synergies nor trade-offs. However, 32 synergies and 11 trade-offs were identified. Many of the target synergies related to new economic opportunities, such as jobs, employment, and training for young people. Target trade-offs tended to be environmental and social. In particular, concern was voiced about the greenhouse gas emissions of the Icelandic tourism sector, which derives from international aviation, cruise ships, and rental car usage. The outcomes of this study are of particular relevance to tourism companies, policy-makers, and governance institutions, all of whom are increasingly endeavouring to link their activities with the fulfilment of the SDGs, maximising synergies, mitigating the extent of any potential trade-offs, and potentially transforming trade-offs into synergies. Furthermore, the results are likely of interest to academics focused on researching the broad sustainability impacts of economic sectors and their contribution to meeting the visionary goals of the SDGs.
David Cook; Nína Saviolidis; Brynhildur Davidsdottir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Snjólfur Ólafsson. Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Sustainable Development Goals—The Implications of the Icelandic Tourism Sector. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4223 .
AMA StyleDavid Cook, Nína Saviolidis, Brynhildur Davidsdottir, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, Snjólfur Ólafsson. Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Sustainable Development Goals—The Implications of the Icelandic Tourism Sector. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Cook; Nína Saviolidis; Brynhildur Davidsdottir; Lára Jóhannsdóttir; Snjólfur Ólafsson. 2019. "Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Sustainable Development Goals—The Implications of the Icelandic Tourism Sector." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4223.
Production, marketing, and consumption of fashion products result in negative environmental impacts due to the massive production volume of fashion items. However, there is limited literature on how the fashion industry integrates sustainability-related practices into business models, how sustainability is measured within the business models, or what drives the sustainability-emphasis of the fashion industry. Therefore, it is consequential to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature concerning how the fashion industry integrates sustainability into business models, if and how sustainability-related practices are measured to ensure transparency and lead to improvements, and to recognize what drives sustainability in fashion business models. The key aspects regarding sustainability integration into business models include organization values, entrepreneurship, innovation, and internationalization processes. With regards to measurement of impacts and reporting, it is evident that Corporate Social Responsibility, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Apparel and Footwear Sector Supplement are of relevance for the industry, mainly with regards to the supply chain. The drivers influencing sustainability practices are government and regulatory pressure, market pressure, closed-loop pressure, value creation, innovation, equity, authenticity, functionality, localism, and exclusivity. The findings are of relevance both for academia and the fashion industry, as the paper provides evidence on what has already been studied by academia, but also highlights a need for further studies on the fashion industry with regards to sustainability practices. This paper; therefore, opens a path for academics to consider empirical studies on how to investigate the sustainability strategies of fashion businesses, elements of fashion business models, driving forces influencing actions, measurements, key performance indicators, transparency, and disclosure, just to name a few examples.
Thorey S. Thorisdottir; Lara Johannsdottir. Sustainability within Fashion Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2233 .
AMA StyleThorey S. Thorisdottir, Lara Johannsdottir. Sustainability within Fashion Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThorey S. Thorisdottir; Lara Johannsdottir. 2019. "Sustainability within Fashion Business Models: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2233.
There is a long and varied history associated with the evolution of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, a historical review is missing in the academic literature that portrays the evolution of the academic understanding of the concept alongside with the public and international events that influenced the social expectations with regards to corporate behavior. The aim of this paper is to provide a distinctive historical perspective on the evolution of CSR as a conceptual paradigm by reviewing the most relevant factors that have shaped its understanding and definition, such as academic contributions, international policies and significant social and political events. To do so, the method used is a comprehensive literature review that explores the most relevant academic contributions and public events that have influenced the evolutionary process of CSR and how they have done so. The findings show that the understanding of corporate responsibility has evolved from being limited to the generation of profit to include a broader set of responsibilities to the latest belief that the main responsibility of companies should be the generation of shared value. The findings also indicate that as social expectations of corporate behavior changed, so did the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. The findings suggest that CSR continues to be relevant within the academic literature and can be expected to remain part of the business vocabulary at least in the short term and as a result, the authors present a plausible future for CSR that takes into consideration its historical evolution. Finally, this paper gives way for future academic research to explore how CSR can help address the latest social expectations of generating shared value as a main business objective, which in turn may have practical implications if CSR is implemented with this in mind.
Mauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo; Lara Johannsdottir; Brynhildur Davídsdóttir. A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility 2019, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleMauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo, Lara Johannsdottir, Brynhildur Davídsdóttir. A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility. 2019; 4 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo; Lara Johannsdottir; Brynhildur Davídsdóttir. 2019. "A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility." International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility 4, no. 1: 1.
Balanced economic growth in line with environmental care is one of the greatest challenges facing the world nowadays. Entrepreneurs' interest in sustainable production schemes, including Environmental Management Systems (EMS), becomes an important part of many strategies and a frequent requirement of environmentally aware societies. Despite this, the number of organisations registered under the Eco-management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) decreased, while the implementation of EMS based on ISO 14001 continues to be popular. Many organisations registered in the EMAS scheme do not renew their registration; therefore, it is important to analyse the effectiveness of this environmental management tool as it should support sustainable development. This paper includes the results of research on EMAS registered organisations in Poland. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMAS based on analysis of (1) the degree of environmental objectives implementation, (2) core environmental performance indicators, and (3) the correlation between establishing environmental objectives and results of environmental indicators in specific areas. The study involves an analysis of secondary data based on organisations' environmental statements published by the EMAS competent body. The findings suggest that there is no linear relationship between the time the EMAS is implemented and its effectiveness and that there is a weak correlation between establishing environmental objectives and changes in environmental performance indicators. These results are unexpected and may be linked to numerous mistakes made by organisations during establishing their environmental objectives. The study results have an impact to the EMAS regulation and shall be considered during review of EMAS scheme and future revisions of EMAS regulatory requirements.
Alina Matuszak-Flejszman; Beata Szyszka; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Effectiveness of EMAS: A case study of Polish organisations registered under EMAS. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2018, 74, 86 -94.
AMA StyleAlina Matuszak-Flejszman, Beata Szyszka, Lára Jóhannsdóttir. Effectiveness of EMAS: A case study of Polish organisations registered under EMAS. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2018; 74 ():86-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlina Matuszak-Flejszman; Beata Szyszka; Lára Jóhannsdóttir. 2018. "Effectiveness of EMAS: A case study of Polish organisations registered under EMAS." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 74, no. : 86-94.
Climate change science, including the analysis of weather-related trends, is of importance to reduce risks threatening sustainable development. For a long time this has been acknowledged by the insurance sector. Through their expertise in policgecy design, risk assessment, management, loss prevention, claims handling, and responsible investment, the insurance sector has the potential to bridge the gap between climate change science and stakeholder expectations. Therefore, their role is critical with regard to knowledge transfer and climate change resilience. This chapter investigates the role of insurers in bridging the gap between climate change science, manifested in international climate change targets and goals, and actors on different institutional levels in different locations around the world that need to respond to the climate targets and goals. Five different types of knowledge-action gaps which insurers may bridge are explored: (1) the gap between scientific knowledge and policy making, (2) between “North” and the “South,” (3) between the rich and the poor, (4) between global, regional, and local knowledge, and (5) between scientific knowledge and public awareness. The role of insurers in bridging the gaps is explored in the context of climate change impacts on the insurance sector and the consequent actions. The paper draws on literature from multiple disciplines and by using practical examples from the insurance sector.
Lara Johannsdottir; James R. Wallace. Climate Change Resilience: Role of Insurers in Bridging the Gap Between Climate Change Science and Heterogeneous Stakeholders. Handbook of Climate Change Resilience 2018, 1 -26.
AMA StyleLara Johannsdottir, James R. Wallace. Climate Change Resilience: Role of Insurers in Bridging the Gap Between Climate Change Science and Heterogeneous Stakeholders. Handbook of Climate Change Resilience. 2018; ():1-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara Johannsdottir; James R. Wallace. 2018. "Climate Change Resilience: Role of Insurers in Bridging the Gap Between Climate Change Science and Heterogeneous Stakeholders." Handbook of Climate Change Resilience , no. : 1-26.