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The MXenes are a novel family of 2-D materials with promising biomedical activity, however, their anticancer potential is still largely unexplored. In this study, a comparative cytotoxicity investigation of Ti3C2 MXenes with polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene flakes has been conducted towards normal and cancerous human cell lines. The wet chemical etching method was used to synthesize MXene followed by a simple chemical mixing method for surface modification of Ti3C2 MXene with PPG and PEG molecules. SEM and XRD analyses were performed to examine surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively. FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to confirm surface modification and light absorption, respectively. The cell lines used to study the cytotoxicity of MXene and surface-modified MXenes in this study were normal (HaCaT and MCF-10A) and cancerous (MCF-7 and A375) cells. These cell lines were also used as controls (without exposure to study material and irradiation) to measure their baseline cell viability under the same lab environment. The surface-modified MXenes exhibited a sharp reduction in cell viability towards both normal (HaCaT and MCF-10A) and cancerous (MCF-7 and A375) cells but cytotoxicity was more pronounced towards cancerous cell lines. This may be due to the difference in cell metabolism and the occurrence of high pre-existing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cancerous cells. The highest toxicity towards both normal and cancerous cell lines was observed with PEGylated MXenes followed by PPGylated and bare MXenes. The normal cell’s viability was barely above 70% threshold with 250 mg/L PEGylated MXene concentration whereas PPGylated and bare MXene were less toxic towards normal cells, even at 500 mg/L concentration. Moreover, the toxicity was found to be directly related to the type of cell lines. In general, the HaCaT cell line exhibited the lowest toxicity while toxicity was highest in the case of the A375 cell line. The photothermal studies revealed high photo response for PEGylated MXene followed by PPGylated and bare MXenes. However, the PPGylated MXene’s lower cytotoxicity towards normal cells while comparable toxicity towards malignant cells as compared to PEGylated MXenes makes the former a relatively safe and effective anticancer agent.
Bushra Rashid; Ayaz Anwar; Syed Shahabuddin; Gokula Mohan; Rahman Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Nanthini Sridewi. A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity of PPG and PEG Surface-Modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene Flakes on Human Cancer Cells and Their Photothermal Response. Materials 2021, 14, 4370 .
AMA StyleBushra Rashid, Ayaz Anwar, Syed Shahabuddin, Gokula Mohan, Rahman Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, Nanthini Sridewi. A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity of PPG and PEG Surface-Modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene Flakes on Human Cancer Cells and Their Photothermal Response. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBushra Rashid; Ayaz Anwar; Syed Shahabuddin; Gokula Mohan; Rahman Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Nanthini Sridewi. 2021. "A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity of PPG and PEG Surface-Modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene Flakes on Human Cancer Cells and Their Photothermal Response." Materials 14, no. 16: 4370.
The objective of the present research work is to investigate a novel high-efficiency nanofluid in a solar dish concentrator by using the numerical model developed. The working fluids examined consisted of soybean oil-based MXene nanofluid of different concentrations (i.e. 0.025, 0.075 and 0.125 wt%) and pure soybean oil. The studied nanofluids yielded excellent thermal properties such as high thermal conductivity and heat capacity, which were two particular factors rendering them excellent candidates for solar thermal applications. The solar dish collector was evaluated for three different cavity receivers including cubical, hemispherical and cylindrical shapes. Then, thermal analysis was performed with a developed numerical model in steady-state conditions, which was validated by using experimental results. Meanwhile, the thermal properties of the oil-based nanofluid were described after the experiments. The analysis was parametric in nature, thereby studying the system performance on a daily basis. According to the analysis, the hemispherical cavity receiver led to maximum thermal efficiency with the nanofluid used. In particular, the daily mean thermal efficiency with nanofluid of 82.66% and the mean equivalent efficiency of 82.46% were achieved, while the mean enhancement was 0.6%. However, the enhancements were higher with the use of other cavities due to the higher thermal losses shown in such cases. Moreover, the equivalent efficiency proved that the increased pumping work due to the use of nanofluid could not overcome the thermal enhancement, thereby improving the overall performance of the solar collector.
Navid Aslfattahi; Reyhaneh Loni; Evangelos Bellos; Gholamhassan Najafi; K. Kadirgama; W.S.W. Harun; R. Saidur. Efficiency enhancement of a solar dish collector operating with a novel soybean oil-based-MXene nanofluid and different cavity receivers. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 317, 128430 .
AMA StyleNavid Aslfattahi, Reyhaneh Loni, Evangelos Bellos, Gholamhassan Najafi, K. Kadirgama, W.S.W. Harun, R. Saidur. Efficiency enhancement of a solar dish collector operating with a novel soybean oil-based-MXene nanofluid and different cavity receivers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 317 ():128430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Aslfattahi; Reyhaneh Loni; Evangelos Bellos; Gholamhassan Najafi; K. Kadirgama; W.S.W. Harun; R. Saidur. 2021. "Efficiency enhancement of a solar dish collector operating with a novel soybean oil-based-MXene nanofluid and different cavity receivers." Journal of Cleaner Production 317, no. : 128430.
The counter electrode (CE) containing catalyst layer and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer is by far the most expensive components in Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) due to use of rare earth element such as Pt. The potential replacement of both the TCO layer and Pt-based catalyst would essentially pave the way to mass commercialization of the technology of DSSC. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to replace both TCO and Pt with a single layer of delaminated 2-D MXene (Ti3C2) being produced by the leaching method which acted as both conducting layer and catalyst. Furthermore, the thickness of Ti3C2 has been optimized for maximum conversion efficiency. The TCO-Pt-free MXene based CEat optimum thickness exhibited a remarkable 8.68% conversion efficiency outperforming the standard TCO-Pt-based CE by 4.03%. The high efficiency is due to high conductivity, high available catalytic cites due to delaminated structure, and good catalytic activity of Ti3C2 towards iodide/triiodide electrolyte.
Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad; A.K. Pandey; Nasrudin Abd Rahim; Navid Aslfattahi; Yogendra Kumar Mishra; Bushra Rashid; R. Saidur. 2-D Mxene flakes as potential replacement for both TCO and Pt layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar cell. Ceramics International 2021, 47, 27942 -27947.
AMA StyleMuhammad Shakeel Ahmad, A.K. Pandey, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Navid Aslfattahi, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Bushra Rashid, R. Saidur. 2-D Mxene flakes as potential replacement for both TCO and Pt layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar cell. Ceramics International. 2021; 47 (19):27942-27947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shakeel Ahmad; A.K. Pandey; Nasrudin Abd Rahim; Navid Aslfattahi; Yogendra Kumar Mishra; Bushra Rashid; R. Saidur. 2021. "2-D Mxene flakes as potential replacement for both TCO and Pt layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar cell." Ceramics International 47, no. 19: 27942-27947.
In the last decade, nanofluids have set significant milestones as efficient working fluids in the field of solar energy conversion to meet rising energy demand. Research on thermophysical properties, long-term stability, and rheology is progressing to achieve effective practical deployment of nanofluids in renewable solar photo-thermal energy conversion sectors (i.e., solar collectors). Nonetheless, researchers and engineers are having a difficult time coping with nearly infinite culpable variables influencing the output of various types of nanofluids. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of the developments and challenges of widely used water-based nanofluids, with a focus on formulation methods, main properties (thermophysical, stability, and rheological), and effective implementation in low temperature solar collector systems. Previous experimental and numerical studies on the subject have been compiled and thoroughly scrutinized, providing crucial phenomena, mechanisms, flaws, and responsible parameters for achieving stable and optimized thermal properties that integrate with heat transfer performance. It has been discovered that optimizing the critical factors leads to superior behavior of the nanofluids, which results in improved thermal efficiency of the solar collectors. Finally, emerging concerns are identified, as are potential recommendations to resolve existing problems in the field for future advancement that would mobilize rapid progress and practical engineering use of water based nanofluids on solar collectors.
Fazlay Rubbi; Likhan Das; Khairul Habib; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Tauhidur Rahman. State-of-the-art review on water-based nanofluids for low temperature solar thermal collector application. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2021, 230, 111220 .
AMA StyleFazlay Rubbi, Likhan Das, Khairul Habib, Navid Aslfattahi, R. Saidur, Tauhidur Rahman. State-of-the-art review on water-based nanofluids for low temperature solar thermal collector application. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2021; 230 ():111220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFazlay Rubbi; Likhan Das; Khairul Habib; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Tauhidur Rahman. 2021. "State-of-the-art review on water-based nanofluids for low temperature solar thermal collector application." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 230, no. : 111220.
Lightweight composite materials have recently been recognized as appropriate materials have been adopted in many industrial applications because of their versatility. The present research recognizes the inclusion of ceramics such as Gr and B4C in manufacturing AMMCs through stir casting. Prepared composites were tested for hardness and wear behaviour. The tests’ findings revealed that the reinforced matrix was harder (60%) than the un-reinforced alloy because of the increased ceramic phase. The rising content of B4C and Gr particles led to continuous improvements in wear resistance. The microstructure and worn surface were observed through SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and revealed the formation of mechanically mixed layers of both B4C and Gr, which served as the effective insulation surface and protected the test sample surface from the steel disc. With the rise in the content of B4C and Gr, the weight loss declined, and significant wear resistance was achieved at 15 wt.% B4C and 10 wt.% Gr. A response surface analysis for the weight loss was carried out to obtain the optimal objective function. Artificial neural network methodology was adopted to identify the significance of the experimental results and the importance of the wear parameters. The error between the experimental and ANN results was found to be within 1%.
Ballupete Sharath; Channarayapattana Venkatesh; Asif Afzal; Navid Aslfattahi; Abdul Aabid; Muneer Baig; Bahaa Saleh. Multi Ceramic Particles Inclusion in the Aluminium Matrix and Wear Characterization through Experimental and Response Surface-Artificial Neural Networks. Materials 2021, 14, 2895 .
AMA StyleBallupete Sharath, Channarayapattana Venkatesh, Asif Afzal, Navid Aslfattahi, Abdul Aabid, Muneer Baig, Bahaa Saleh. Multi Ceramic Particles Inclusion in the Aluminium Matrix and Wear Characterization through Experimental and Response Surface-Artificial Neural Networks. Materials. 2021; 14 (11):2895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBallupete Sharath; Channarayapattana Venkatesh; Asif Afzal; Navid Aslfattahi; Abdul Aabid; Muneer Baig; Bahaa Saleh. 2021. "Multi Ceramic Particles Inclusion in the Aluminium Matrix and Wear Characterization through Experimental and Response Surface-Artificial Neural Networks." Materials 14, no. 11: 2895.
In this study, aqueous poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG)-based MXene nanoflakes dispersed nanofluids as a novel heat transfer fluid (HTF) with highly promising thermal and rheological properties were prepared. Synthesis of MXene (Ti3C2) flakes was conducted using wet chemistry etching method (lithium fluoride & HCL). Amphiphilic structure of poly (ethylene) glycol allows the dispersion of water and MXene nanoflakes appropriately. The studied nanofluids were prepared with mixing of 70 % of PEG with molecular weight of 400 and 30% of deionized (DI) water. The prepared aqueous PEG was mixed with Ti3C2 nanoflakes with two different loading concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 wt.%. Thermal conductivity measurements of the prepared PEG/Water/MXene nanofluids were conducted using a Tempos thermal properties analyzer (METER group). KS-3 sensor was utilized for thermal conductivity measurements. Enhancements of thermal conductivity of the PEG/Water/MXene nanofluids (0.1 wt.%) were found ∼23-29% over aqueous PEG with the rising temperature from 25 to 45 °C. The high thermal conductivity values proved that this promising heat transfer fluid is dependent on temperature and loading concentrations of MXene nanoflakes in terms of thermal conduction performance. This high thermal conductivity might be due to the presence of extremely large basal plane of MXene sheets in aqueous PEG which can conduct heat through the MXene nanoflake’s basal plane. The viscosity of this nanofluid was measured using Rheometer Anton Paar (MCR92). Shear rate measurement as a function of temperature was conducted for all samples in three different individual temperatures (25, 50 and 85 °C). T-Ramp measurements were conducted within the rising temperature ranges from 25 to 85 °C. The promising results proved that aqueous PEG/Water/MXene nanofluids behave as Newtonian fluid. This finding is perceived for all three different investigated temperatures as well. It was observed that viscosity was decreased at elevated temperatures. The acquired viscosity values for aqueous PEG at the temperatures of 25, 50 and 85 °C were ∼35, ∼16 and ∼5 mPa.S respectively, which shows ∼85% decrease at temperature of 85 °C, over temperature of 25 °C. Similar trend was observed for PEG/Water/MXene nanofluids with loading concentration of 0.05 and 0.1 wt.%.
Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri; A. Arifutzzaman. Thermal conductivity and rheological investigation of aqueous poly(ethylene) glycol/MXene as a novel heat transfer fluid. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2019) 2021, 2324, 050016 .
AMA StyleNavid Aslfattahi, R. Saidur, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, A. Arifutzzaman. Thermal conductivity and rheological investigation of aqueous poly(ethylene) glycol/MXene as a novel heat transfer fluid. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2019). 2021; 2324 (1):050016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri; A. Arifutzzaman. 2021. "Thermal conductivity and rheological investigation of aqueous poly(ethylene) glycol/MXene as a novel heat transfer fluid." Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2019) 2324, no. 1: 050016.
In this research work, emerged nanomaterial (MXene) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) as base fluid is used to formulate a homogenous mixture of nanofluid with promising optical properties. Amphiphilic structure of ethylene glycol allows the dispersion of water and MXene nanoflakes appropriately. The studied nanofluids are prepared with a mixture of 70 % of EG and 30% of deionized water. The prepared aqueous EG is mixed with Ti3C2 nanoflakes with three different loading concentrations of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 wt.%. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR) of the aqueous EG/MXene nanofluids is measured using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two-Universal ATR. Particle analyzer is used to measure the stability of the prepared nanofluids. The experimentally achieved data represents the highest stability with mean zeta potential value of -92.6 mV for aqueous EG/MXene with a loading concentration of 0.02 wt.%. Optical absorbance measurements are performed using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 is used to acquire spectra. The result of the observation indicates that the solution of nanofluid with a loading concentration of 0.1 wt. % of Ti3C2 exhibits the highest peak magnitude of light absorbance among the rest of the three samples. This is because of the more mass concentration value of that nanofluid solution, which is proportional to light absorption. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the utilized nanomaterial and base fluid, there is an excellent probability for them to form a potential homogenous mixture of nanofluid, which might accomplish high optical performance in terms of applying at the solar system.
K Kadirgama; L Samylingam; Navid Aslfattahi; M Samykano; D Ramasamy; R Saidur. Experimental Investigation on the Optical and Stability of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol/Mxene as a Promising Nanofluid for Solar Energy Harvesting. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021, 1062, 012022 .
AMA StyleK Kadirgama, L Samylingam, Navid Aslfattahi, M Samykano, D Ramasamy, R Saidur. Experimental Investigation on the Optical and Stability of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol/Mxene as a Promising Nanofluid for Solar Energy Harvesting. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021; 1062 (1):012022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK Kadirgama; L Samylingam; Navid Aslfattahi; M Samykano; D Ramasamy; R Saidur. 2021. "Experimental Investigation on the Optical and Stability of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol/Mxene as a Promising Nanofluid for Solar Energy Harvesting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1062, no. 1: 012022.
Since technology progresses, the need to optimize the thermal system’s heat transfer efficiency is continuously confronted by researchers. A primary constraint in the production of heat transfer fluids needed for ultra-high performance was its intrinsic poor heat transfer properties. MXene, a novel 2D nanoparticle possessing fascinating properties has emerged recently as a potential heat dissipative solute in nanofluids. In this research, 2D MXenes (Ti3C2) are synthesized via chemical etching and blended with a binary solution containing Diethylene Glycol (DEG) and ionic liquid (IL) to formulate stable nanofluids at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt%. Furthermore, the effect of different temperatures on the studied liquid’s thermophysical characteristics such as thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal stability and the rheological property was experimentally conducted. A computational analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of ionic liquid-based 2D MXene nanofluid (Ti3C2/DEG+IL) in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. A 3D numerical model is developed to evaluate the thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, pumping power and temperature distribution. The simulations proved that the studied working fluid in the PV/T system results in an enhancement of thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency and heat transfer coefficient by 78.5%, 18.7% and 6%, respectively.
Balaji Bakthavatchalam; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; A. Rashedi; Taslima Khanam. Optimization of Thermophysical and Rheological Properties of Mxene Ionanofluids for Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 320 .
AMA StyleBalaji Bakthavatchalam, Khairul Habib, R. Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, Syed Mohd Yahya, A. Rashedi, Taslima Khanam. Optimization of Thermophysical and Rheological Properties of Mxene Ionanofluids for Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (2):320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalaji Bakthavatchalam; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; A. Rashedi; Taslima Khanam. 2021. "Optimization of Thermophysical and Rheological Properties of Mxene Ionanofluids for Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 320.
Research shows that due to enhanced properties IoNanofluids have the potential of being used as heat transfer fluids (HTFs). A significant amount of experimental work has been done to determine the thermophysical and rheological properties of IoNanofluids; however, the number of intelligent models is still limited. In this work, we have experimentally determined the thermal conductivity and viscosity of MXene-doped [MMIM][DMP] ionic liquid. The size of the MXene nanoflakes was determined to be less than 100 nm. The concentration was varied from 0.05 mass% to 0.2 mass%, whereas the temperature varied from 19 °C to 60 °C. The maximum thermal conductivity enhancement of 1.48 was achieved at 0.2 mass% and 30 °C temperature. For viscosity, the maximum relative viscosity of 1.145 was obtained at 0.2 mass% and 23 °C temperature. After the experimental data for thermal conductivity and viscosity were obtained, two multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed. The MLR models’ performances were found to be poor, which further called for the development of more accurate models. Then two feedforward multilayer perceptron models were developed. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was used to train the models. The optimum models had 4 and 10 neurons for thermal conductivity and viscosity model, respectively. The values of statistical indices showed the models to be well-fit models. Further, relative deviations values were also accessed for training data and testing data, which further showed the models to be well fit.
Naman Parashar; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; R. Saidur. ANN Modeling of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of MXene-Based Aqueous IoNanofluid. International Journal of Thermophysics 2021, 42, 1 -24.
AMA StyleNaman Parashar, Navid Aslfattahi, Syed Mohd Yahya, R. Saidur. ANN Modeling of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of MXene-Based Aqueous IoNanofluid. International Journal of Thermophysics. 2021; 42 (2):1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaman Parashar; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; R. Saidur. 2021. "ANN Modeling of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of MXene-Based Aqueous IoNanofluid." International Journal of Thermophysics 42, no. 2: 1-24.
The addition of ionic liquids with MXene nanofluid has a substantial impact on the solar thermal collectors’ working fluid’s optical properties that effectively absorb and distribute solar radiation. Increased solar radiation absorption potential ensures that heats are transported more rapidly and effectively. This research endeavors to investigate the concept of accumulating solar energy via the usage of ionic liquid-based 2D MXene nanofluid (Ionanofluids) for solar applications. In this study, the optical potential of Diethylene Glycol/MXene nanofluid incorporated with 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium octyl sulfate ([Emim][OSO4]) ionic liquid was extensively investigated with respect to MXene concentration (0.1 to 0.4 wt%) and time (first day and seventh day) through UV-Vis Spectroscopy. A two-step approach was employed to synthesize the proposed ionanofluids with nanoparticle concentrations from 0.1 to 0.4 wt%. In wavelengths between 240 to 790 nm, the effect of ionic liquids, MXene concentration, and dispersion stability played a significant part in enhancing the absorbance capacity of the formulated MXene based Ionanofluid. Furthermore, the increase in the concentration of MXene nanoparticles resulted in more absorbance peaks facilitating high light absorption. Finally, the electrical conductivity of the ionanofluids is also analyzed as MXene renders them promising for solar cell applications. The utmost electrical conductivity of the formulated fluids of 571 μS/cm (micro siemens per centimeter) was achieved at 0.4 wt% concentration.
Balaji Bakthavatchalam; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; A. Rashedi. Investigation of Electrical Conductivity, Optical Property, and Stability of 2D MXene Nanofluid Containing Ionic Liquids. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8943 .
AMA StyleBalaji Bakthavatchalam, Khairul Habib, R. Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, A. Rashedi. Investigation of Electrical Conductivity, Optical Property, and Stability of 2D MXene Nanofluid Containing Ionic Liquids. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (24):8943.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalaji Bakthavatchalam; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; A. Rashedi. 2020. "Investigation of Electrical Conductivity, Optical Property, and Stability of 2D MXene Nanofluid Containing Ionic Liquids." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24: 8943.
A new family of 2D materials known as MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) is combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form nanocomposites thin film with a thickness in micrometre range (7.20–7.88 µm) by using a relatively simple way, a drop-casting technique. The multi-layered structure of the MXenes bound together with PVA results in a high degree of structural disorder due to increasing defects in the nanocomposites. Detailed optical studies include UV–Vis absorption, optical absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, and band gap energy determinations are conducted to investigate electromagnetic wave absorption capability of the nanocomposites. Resistivity measurement is studied as well. Electrical conductivity of the PVA is significantly increased with at least an improvement of 3000 times as compared to pure PVA (1 × 10−13 Sm−1). The highest σ value of 7.25 × 10−3 Sm−1 is found in the nanocomposites with a mass ratio of PVA to MXenes, 80:20 with its calculated optical absorption coefficient value in range 4000–5000 cm−1. The optical findings, as well as the electrical conductivity enhancement exhibited by these nanocomposites, explore the route to apply MXenes in polymer-based multifunctional nanocomposites for various applications such as optoelectronics, conductive filler, and electromagnetic absorbers.
K.H. Tan; L. Samylingam; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; K. Kadirgama. Optical and conductivity studies of polyvinyl alcohol-MXene (PVA-MXene) nanocomposite thin films for electronic applications. Optics & Laser Technology 2020, 136, 106772 .
AMA StyleK.H. Tan, L. Samylingam, Navid Aslfattahi, R. Saidur, K. Kadirgama. Optical and conductivity studies of polyvinyl alcohol-MXene (PVA-MXene) nanocomposite thin films for electronic applications. Optics & Laser Technology. 2020; 136 ():106772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK.H. Tan; L. Samylingam; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; K. Kadirgama. 2020. "Optical and conductivity studies of polyvinyl alcohol-MXene (PVA-MXene) nanocomposite thin films for electronic applications." Optics & Laser Technology 136, no. : 106772.
In this research work, novel hybrid graphene-silver (Gr-Ag) nanomaterial has been used for first time with paraffin wax as a phase change material (PCM) to improve its thermo-physical properties. Thermal and electrical energy efficiencies of the novel synthesized nanocomposite (PCM/graphene-silver) has been investigated in solar thermal collector systems (CPV/T). This paper focuses on preparation, characterization, thermo-physical properties and energy efficiency in concentrated photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) system of new class of nanocomposites induced with hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial in three different concentrations. The specific heat capacity (cp) of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite increased by introducing hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial. Electrical and thermal energy performance of the hybrid PCM/graphene-silver is investigated in a CPV/T system using MATLAB 2017b program. The improvement of cp is found to be ~ 40% with 0.3 mass% of hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial loaded in PCM. The highest thermal conductivity increment is found to be ~ 11% at 0.3 mass% concentration of hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial in PCM. The endothermic enthalpy value of the hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite is found to be ~ 75.6 J g−1 at 0.1 mass% loading concentration of hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial. Melting point of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite with loading concentration of 0.3 mass% is measured to be 73.2 °C. The highest thermal efficiency using the hybrid graphene-silver nanoparticles reached the value of 39.62% which represents 4.16% increment in comparison with the pure PCM. The equivalent electrical efficiency is improved by 2.8% at the loading concentration of 0.3 mass% of the hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial. These new class of nanocomposites represented the capability of enhancement in the performance of the CPV/T system consisting of lower PV temperatures, higher temperature gains across the cooling fluid and higher electrical and thermal efficiencies.
Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; A. Arifutzzaman; A. S. Abdelrazik; L. Samylingam; Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri; Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. Improved thermo-physical properties and energy efficiency of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite in a hybrid CPV/thermal solar system. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2020, 1 -18.
AMA StyleNavid Aslfattahi, R. Saidur, A. Arifutzzaman, A. S. Abdelrazik, L. Samylingam, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. Improved thermo-physical properties and energy efficiency of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite in a hybrid CPV/thermal solar system. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; A. Arifutzzaman; A. S. Abdelrazik; L. Samylingam; Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri; Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. 2020. "Improved thermo-physical properties and energy efficiency of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite in a hybrid CPV/thermal solar system." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , no. : 1-18.
Navid Aslfattahi; Alireza Zendehboudi; Saidur Rahman; Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri; Suhana Mohd Said; A. Arifutzzaman; Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. Optimization of Thermal Conductivity of NanoPCM-Based Graphene by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 2020, 75, 108 -125.
AMA StyleNavid Aslfattahi, Alireza Zendehboudi, Saidur Rahman, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Suhana Mohd Said, A. Arifutzzaman, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. Optimization of Thermal Conductivity of NanoPCM-Based Graphene by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences. 2020; 75 (3):108-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Aslfattahi; Alireza Zendehboudi; Saidur Rahman; Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri; Suhana Mohd Said; A. Arifutzzaman; Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. 2020. "Optimization of Thermal Conductivity of NanoPCM-Based Graphene by Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 75, no. 3: 108-125.
In this research work, MXene with a chemical formula of Ti3C2 is synthesized using wet chemistry method and suspended in pure olein palm oil (OPO) to formulate a new class of heat transfer fluid to investigate its thermal and energy performance in a hybrid PV/T solar thermal system numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics. In addition to this research work, Al2O3-water based nanofluid is compared with MXene-OPO nanofluid in the hybrid PV/T solar thermal system. The MXene-OPO nanofluid is prepared with a loading concentration of 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, and 0.2 wt %. MXene-OPO nanofluid with 0.2 wt % loading concentration exhibit 68.5% higher thermal conductivity than the pure OPO at 25 °C. The highest viscosity reduction is found by 61% when the temperature is raised from 25 °C to 50 °C for nanofluid with 0.2 wt % of MXene. Compared to PVT with Al2O3-water based nanofluid, MXene based nanofluid display about 16% higher thermal efficiency improvement at 0.07 kg/s flow rate. About 9% heat transfer coefficient improvement is found for the PVT with MXene nanofluids compared to PVT with Al2O3-water heat transfer fluid. MXene nanofluid may reduce PV temperature by 40% compared to stand alone PV module.
L. Samylingam; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Syed Mohd Yahya; Asif Afzal; A. Arifutzzaman; K.H. Tan; K. Kadirgama. Thermal and energy performance improvement of hybrid PV/T system by using olein palm oil with MXene as a new class of heat transfer fluid. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2020, 218, 110754 .
AMA StyleL. Samylingam, Navid Aslfattahi, R. Saidur, Syed Mohd Yahya, Asif Afzal, A. Arifutzzaman, K.H. Tan, K. Kadirgama. Thermal and energy performance improvement of hybrid PV/T system by using olein palm oil with MXene as a new class of heat transfer fluid. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2020; 218 ():110754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Samylingam; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Syed Mohd Yahya; Asif Afzal; A. Arifutzzaman; K.H. Tan; K. Kadirgama. 2020. "Thermal and energy performance improvement of hybrid PV/T system by using olein palm oil with MXene as a new class of heat transfer fluid." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 218, no. : 110754.
The present work investigates the effect of the nanoparticles concentration on the optical and stability performance of a water‐based nanofluid in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems experimentally and numerically. A novel nanofluid is formulated with the inclusion of the reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver (rGO‐Ag) nanoparticles in water. Five different concentrations of nanoparticles in the range from 0.0005 to 0.05 wt% is suspended in water to prepare the samples. Optical properties are measured using UV‐Vis. The UV‐Vis absorption analysis reveals that all samples show consistent optical absorption coefficient (α) at higher value (more than 3 cm−1) in the range of 1.5 to 4 eV. The application of optical filtration (OF) using water/rGO‐Ag nanofluid in hybrid PV/T system presented more solar energy absorption through the OF. The hybrid system shows better performance at concentrations less than 0.0235 wt% compared to the PV system without integration with optical filtration. The hybrid solar PV/T system with OF using water/rGO‐Ag nanofluid is able to produce thermal energy with efficiencies between 24% and 30%.
A. S. Abdelrazik; K. H. Tan; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Fahad A. Al‐Sulaiman. Optical properties and stability of water‐based nanofluids mixed with reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver and energy performance investigation in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar systems. International Journal of Energy Research 2020, 44, 11487 -11508.
AMA StyleA. S. Abdelrazik, K. H. Tan, Navid Aslfattahi, R. Saidur, Fahad A. Al‐Sulaiman. Optical properties and stability of water‐based nanofluids mixed with reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver and energy performance investigation in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar systems. International Journal of Energy Research. 2020; 44 (14):11487-11508.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. S. Abdelrazik; K. H. Tan; Navid Aslfattahi; R. Saidur; Fahad A. Al‐Sulaiman. 2020. "Optical properties and stability of water‐based nanofluids mixed with reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver and energy performance investigation in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar systems." International Journal of Energy Research 44, no. 14: 11487-11508.
Norulsamani Abdullah; R. Saidur; Azran Mohd Zainoodin; Navid Aslfattahi. Optimization of electrocatalyst performance of platinum–ruthenium induced with MXene by response surface methodology for clean energy application. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 277, 1 .
AMA StyleNorulsamani Abdullah, R. Saidur, Azran Mohd Zainoodin, Navid Aslfattahi. Optimization of electrocatalyst performance of platinum–ruthenium induced with MXene by response surface methodology for clean energy application. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 277 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorulsamani Abdullah; R. Saidur; Azran Mohd Zainoodin; Navid Aslfattahi. 2020. "Optimization of electrocatalyst performance of platinum–ruthenium induced with MXene by response surface methodology for clean energy application." Journal of Cleaner Production 277, no. : 1.
In this research, a new class of nanofluid is successfully formulated from Soybean oil and MXene (Ti3C2) particles to implement as working fluid on a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar collector for performance optimization. This study emphasizes on the preparation of the Soybean oil/MXene (SO/Ti3C2) nanofluid, optical and thermal characterization of the nanofluid including suspension stability. The SO/Ti3C2 nanofluid samples are formulated suspending two-dimensional (2D) MXene particles at 0.025–0.125 wt% concentrations into pure Soybean oil. SEM, UV–vis, FTIR and TGA analysis are performed for morphology, optical and thermal stability characterization respectively. Achieved thermal conductivity results of SO/Ti3C2 nanofluid for 0.125 wt% of Ti3C2 exhibited 60.82% enhancement at 55 °C compared to pure Soybean oil. The specific heat capacity (cp) of formulated nanofluids is measured employing a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Maximum cp augmentation is found to be 24.49% at 0.125 wt% loading of Ti3C2 in the base oil. Numerical implementation of the prepared SO/Ti3C2 nanofluids on PV/T is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software resulted noteworthy improvement compared to conventional water, Alumina/water and MXene/palm oil nanofluids as working fluid. Overall thermal effectiveness of the PV/T system is achieved 84.25% using SO/Ti3C2 nanofluids at 0.07 kg/s mass flow rate. Furthermore, employing the nanofluids electrical output of the PV/T is improved by 15.44% in comparison with water/alumina nanofluids at an irradiance of 1000 W/m2 and mass flow rate of 0.07 kg/s. The stated findings indicate overall effectiveness of the Soybean oil based MXene nanofluids over conventional fluids used for cooling purpose in the PV/T collector.
Fazlay Rubbi; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; Likhan Das. Performance optimization of a hybrid PV/T solar system using Soybean oil/MXene nanofluids as A new class of heat transfer fluids. Solar Energy 2020, 208, 124 -138.
AMA StyleFazlay Rubbi, Khairul Habib, R. Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, Syed Mohd Yahya, Likhan Das. Performance optimization of a hybrid PV/T solar system using Soybean oil/MXene nanofluids as A new class of heat transfer fluids. Solar Energy. 2020; 208 ():124-138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFazlay Rubbi; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; Likhan Das. 2020. "Performance optimization of a hybrid PV/T solar system using Soybean oil/MXene nanofluids as A new class of heat transfer fluids." Solar Energy 208, no. : 124-138.
In recent years, solar energy technologies have developed an emerging edge. The incessant research to develop a power source alternative to fossil fuel because of its scarcity and detrimental effects on the environment is the main driving force. In addition, nanofluids have gained immense interest as superior heat transfer fluid in solar technologies for the last decades. In this research, a binary solution of ionic liquid (IL) + water based ionanofluids is formulated successfully with two dimensional MXene (Ti3C2) nano additives at three distinct concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 wt % and the optimum concentration is used to check the performance of a hybrid solar PV/T system. The layered structure of MXene and high absorbance of prepared nanofluids have been perceived by SEM and UV–vis respectively. Rheometer and DSC are used to assess the viscosity and heat capacity respectively while transient hot wire technique is engaged for thermal conductivity measurement. A maximum improvement of 47% in thermal conductivity is observed for 0.20 wt % loading of MXene. Furthermore, the viscosity is found to rise insignificantly with addition of Ti3C2 by different concentrations. Conversely, viscosity decreases substantially as the temperature increases from 20 °C to 60 °C. However, based on their thermophysical properties, 0.20 wt % is found to be the optimum concentration. A comparative analysis in terms of heat transfer performance with three different nanofluids in PV/T system shows that, IL+ water/MXene ionanofluid exhibits highest thermal, electrical, and overall heat transfer efficiency compared to water/alumina, palm oil/MXene, and water alone. Maximum electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency are recorded as 13.95% and 81.15% respectively using IL + water/MXene, besides that, heat transfer coefficients are also noticed to increase by 12.6% and 2% when compared to water/alumina and palm oil/MXene respectively. In conclusion, it can be demonstrated that MXene dispersed ionanofluid might be great a prospect in the field of heat transfer applications since they can augment the heat transfer rate considerably which improves system efficiency.
Likhan Das; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; Fazlay Rubbi. Improved Thermophysical Properties and Energy Efficiency of Aqueous Ionic Liquid/MXene Nanofluid in a Hybrid PV/T Solar System. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1372 .
AMA StyleLikhan Das, Khairul Habib, R. Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, Syed Mohd Yahya, Fazlay Rubbi. Improved Thermophysical Properties and Energy Efficiency of Aqueous Ionic Liquid/MXene Nanofluid in a Hybrid PV/T Solar System. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (7):1372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLikhan Das; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Syed Mohd Yahya; Fazlay Rubbi. 2020. "Improved Thermophysical Properties and Energy Efficiency of Aqueous Ionic Liquid/MXene Nanofluid in a Hybrid PV/T Solar System." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7: 1372.
Pennisetum purpureum is one of the most invasive perennial grasses of the Poaceae family, which are abundant in south-east Asia including Brunei Darussalam. The pyrolysis process at a slow heating rate proved to be highly promising for biochar production. The production and characterization of different Pennisetum purpureum biochars have been investigated at the pyrolysis temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with a heating and nitrogen flow rate of 5 °C/min and 0.5 L/min, respectively. The observed higher heating values were 22.18 MJ/kg, 23.02 MJ/kg, 23.75 MJ/kg, and the alkaline pH were 9.10, 9.86, 10.17 for the biochar at 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C temperatures, respectively. The water holding capacity was one hundred percent for all biochars and continued to increase for higher pyrolysis temperature. SEM images show that the porosity of the biochars has been enhanced with increased temperatures due to the rearrangement of crystallinity and aromaticity. On the other hand, the yields of biochar have been decreased from 35.13% to 23.02% for the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 400 °C to 600 °C. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis shows that the O/C atomic ratios were 0.15, 0.08 and 0.06 for the biochar of 400, 500 and 600 °C which validates the improvement in heating values. FT-IR analysis revealed that the available functional groups in the biochars were C–O, C=C, and C–H. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under pyrolysis condition showed residue of 46.56%, 51.13% and 55.67% from the biochar at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. The derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) graph indicates that the degradation rate is higher for 400 °C biochar than the 600 °C biochar.
Sumon Reza; Shammya Afroze; Muhammad S.A. Bakar; Rahman Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Juntakan Taweekun; Abul K. Azad. Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature. Biochar 2020, 2, 239 -251.
AMA StyleSumon Reza, Shammya Afroze, Muhammad S.A. Bakar, Rahman Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, Juntakan Taweekun, Abul K. Azad. Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature. Biochar. 2020; 2 (2):239-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSumon Reza; Shammya Afroze; Muhammad S.A. Bakar; Rahman Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; Juntakan Taweekun; Abul K. Azad. 2020. "Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature." Biochar 2, no. 2: 239-251.
Thermal energy storage (TES) is gaining more attention in the solar energy application for production of power round the clock. Phase change materials (PCMs) are a promising solution for TES due to their high energy storage density. However, the PCM materials suffer from low thermal conductivity which results in the low conversion efficiency of solar energy. In this study a novel nanocomposite of palmitic acid/Ti3C2 MXene is synthesised using two-step process. Melting point and enthalpy measurement were conducted using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Thermal stability and degradation temperature are studied by the results obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) up to 300 ⁰C. The functional group and possibility of chemical rearrangement of doping MXene nanoflakes are identified using FT-IR analysis. The nanocomposite showed enhancement in enthalpy by 4.34% and thermal conductivity by 14.45% indicating that the composite is suitable for TES application. FT-IR spectra of the composite revealed that there is no chemical reaction occurring between palmitic acid (PA) and MXene making it more stable composite. Based on the DSC and TGA results enthalpy and thermal conductivity of the composite has improved by doping MXene nanoflakes into Palmitic PCM making it suitable candidate for solar thermal and solar photovoltaic thermal application.
Yathin Krishna; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; M. Faizal; K. C. Ng. Enhancing the thermal properties of organic phase change material (palmitic acid) by doping MXene nanoflakes. 13TH INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE (13TH EURECA 2019) 2020, 2233, 020013 .
AMA StyleYathin Krishna, R. Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, M. Faizal, K. C. Ng. Enhancing the thermal properties of organic phase change material (palmitic acid) by doping MXene nanoflakes. 13TH INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE (13TH EURECA 2019). 2020; 2233 (1):020013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYathin Krishna; R. Saidur; Navid Aslfattahi; M. Faizal; K. C. Ng. 2020. "Enhancing the thermal properties of organic phase change material (palmitic acid) by doping MXene nanoflakes." 13TH INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE (13TH EURECA 2019) 2233, no. 1: 020013.