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Dr. Tabassum Hussain
University of Karachi

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0 Photosynthesis
0 Proteomics
0 Salt stress
0 water and aquatic chemistry
0 oxidative stress

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oxidative stress
Proteomics

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Review
Published: 07 August 2021 in Cells
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Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.

ACS Style

Abdul Hameed; Muhammad Ahmed; Tabassum Hussain; Irfan Aziz; Niaz Ahmad; Bilquees Gul; Brent Nielsen. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021, 10, 2023 .

AMA Style

Abdul Hameed, Muhammad Ahmed, Tabassum Hussain, Irfan Aziz, Niaz Ahmad, Bilquees Gul, Brent Nielsen. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells. 2021; 10 (8):2023.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hameed; Muhammad Ahmed; Tabassum Hussain; Irfan Aziz; Niaz Ahmad; Bilquees Gul; Brent Nielsen. 2021. "Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function." Cells 10, no. 8: 2023.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Calcium acts as a signaling molecule in many plants to improve resistance during unfavorable environments. Limonium stocksii (Boiss.) Kuntze seedlings were grown in 0 and 600 mmol L−1 NaCl (with and without additional 15 mmol L−1 Ca2+) for 15 d. The effects of these treatments were studied on plant growth, leaf water relations, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, ion-flux, Na+ secretion rate and photosynthesis. Plant biomass declined by 50% and MDA content increased by 50% in plants treated with 600 mmol L−1 NaCl for 15 d. Leaf water content (WCFM) and relative water content declined and sap osmolality increased after 3 d of 600 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment. Leaf Na+, Na+/K+ ratios and Na+ secretion rate were increased in salinity treatment. Decrease in photosynthesis was coupled with lower stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2, however, instantaneous water use efficiency was improved under salinity treatment. Efficiency of PSII, relative electron transport rate, photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching were reduced by salinity treatment compared to non-saline control. The Ca2+ application yielded 25% higher fresh mass at enhanced water contents while lowers tissue osmotic potential and membrane damage in plants exposed to high salinity. The Na+ accumulation in the leaf was reduced, while the secretion was increased in the presence of additional Ca2+. However, Ca2+ application did not improve either the photosynthetic gas exchange or light reactions of photosynthesis under saline conditions. Our results indicated that L. stocksii decreases its growth, water content, photosynthesis and dark respiration under increased leaf Na+ concentrations. Whereas, application of Ca2+ enhanced plant salinity resistance by improving water balance, Na+-secretion and membrane integrity.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed; Tabassum Hussain; Salman Gulzar; Muhammad Yousuf Adnan; Muhammad Ajmal Khan. Calcium improves the leaf physiology of salt treated Limonium stocksii: A floriculture crop. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 285, 110190 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed, Tabassum Hussain, Salman Gulzar, Muhammad Yousuf Adnan, Muhammad Ajmal Khan. Calcium improves the leaf physiology of salt treated Limonium stocksii: A floriculture crop. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 285 ():110190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed; Tabassum Hussain; Salman Gulzar; Muhammad Yousuf Adnan; Muhammad Ajmal Khan. 2021. "Calcium improves the leaf physiology of salt treated Limonium stocksii: A floriculture crop." Scientia Horticulturae 285, no. : 110190.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Journal of Plant Research
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Ion secretion facilitates recretohalophytes to tolerate saline and drought conditions but its relative contribution to the survival of many species remains poorly understood. Tamarix chinensis has high potential for restoration of saline deteriorated lands. The water management and high salt tolerance of the plant have highlighted the need to determine the strategies that govern these mechanisms. Here we report the selectivity of this halophyte to transport, utilize, and secrete different cations and anions under various NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 400 mM) concentrations. Plant growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense responses were also determined to relate them with the function of ion secretion. Results reflected two different sets of strategies adopted by plants to survive low and high salinities. Exposure to highly saline conditions caused reduction in photosynthesis due to stomatal and biochemical limitations. The decreased content of photosynthetic pigments exposed plants to excessive light energy that accelerated production of ROS (i.e., hydrogen peroxide H2O2) and caused damage to cellular membranes. The increased activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide-dismutase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase) were insufficient to detoxify H2O2. In contrast, plants treated with low salinity did not face stomatal limitations while the photosynthetic pigments increased. As no damage to membranes was detected, the increased content of H2O2 was postulated for its messenger role. The assimilation of essential nutrients was affected due to increased content of toxic ions (Na+ and Cl−) in the growing medium and within the plants. However, the ability to regulate K+ facilitated plants to improve water use efficiency under hyper-osmotic environment. The removal of toxic ions from the photosynthesizing tissues demands high energy, which was evident in the compromised growth of plants. This study offers a window to physiological mechanisms, e.g., potassium retention that ensure salt secretion as a beneficial strategy for prolonged survival of T. chinensis.

ACS Style

Tabassum Hussain; Jingsong Li; Xiaohui Feng; Hina Asrar; Bilquees Gul; Xiaojing Liu. Salinity induced alterations in photosynthetic and oxidative regulation are ameliorated as a function of salt secretion. Journal of Plant Research 2021, 134, 779 -796.

AMA Style

Tabassum Hussain, Jingsong Li, Xiaohui Feng, Hina Asrar, Bilquees Gul, Xiaojing Liu. Salinity induced alterations in photosynthetic and oxidative regulation are ameliorated as a function of salt secretion. Journal of Plant Research. 2021; 134 (4):779-796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum Hussain; Jingsong Li; Xiaohui Feng; Hina Asrar; Bilquees Gul; Xiaojing Liu. 2021. "Salinity induced alterations in photosynthetic and oxidative regulation are ameliorated as a function of salt secretion." Journal of Plant Research 134, no. 4: 779-796.

Research article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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Salt resistance strategies in Desmostachya bipinnata may be a function of coordinated organ specific responses for growth and developmental stages. It may provide clues to improve salt tolerance in conventional crops. The effects of NaCl concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 mM) on growth, water relations, organic compound (proline and sugar) accumulation, ion-flux and nutrient selectivity both in root [adventitious (RA) and mature (RM) root] and shoot [juvenile (LJ) and adult (LA) leaves] organs were investigated. Decreases in biomass were observed under saline treatments higher than 100 mM NaCl. The lower amount of biomass is considered to be a survival strategy under harsh conditions due to reallocation of energy in the plant. D. bipinnata regulated water flux (OP, osmotic potential, in the following order: LJ > LA > RM > RA) to allow water uptake from soil under hyperosmotic conditions. Na+ was largely accumulated in roots followed by LA and LJ. This ion excluding strategy is common in monocots to protect photosynthetic tissues. Salt-treated plants retained more Ca2+ and Mg2+ in roots than in shoots, while K+ allocation was not affected by salinity. This may be due to selective transport in the case of K+ and increasing use efficiency for Ca2+ and Mg2+. Whole plant responses generally are organ-specific based on salinity concentrations. Our findings suggest that different organs of D. bipinnata coordinated with each other for biomass partitioning, OP gradient, Na+ distribution, K+ selective transport, nutrient use efficiency, and sugar and proline allocation to achieve better yields in moderately saline areas for fodder/forage production.

ACS Style

Muhammad Yousuf Adnan; Tabassum Hussain; Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan; Brent L. Nielsen. Growth regulation of Desmostachya bipinnata by organ-specific biomass, water relations, and ion allocation responses to improve salt resistance. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2021, 43, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Muhammad Yousuf Adnan, Tabassum Hussain, Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed, Bilquees Gul, M. Ajmal Khan, Brent L. Nielsen. Growth regulation of Desmostachya bipinnata by organ-specific biomass, water relations, and ion allocation responses to improve salt resistance. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2021; 43 (2):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Yousuf Adnan; Tabassum Hussain; Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan; Brent L. Nielsen. 2021. "Growth regulation of Desmostachya bipinnata by organ-specific biomass, water relations, and ion allocation responses to improve salt resistance." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 43, no. 2: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Environmental and Experimental Botany
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Plant growth in the heterogeneous salinity soil is better than that of in the uniform salinity soil, thus, planting salt tolerant plants in the partial zone desalinated soil of the saline land may reduce the revegetation costs. The swamp rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos, SRM), which is an important landscape plant that grows in coastal saline lands, may be an optional plant that can adapt to the non-uniform salinity soil. In this study, SRM seedlings grown in split-root pots irrigated with different concentration of NaCl solutions were studied. There were four treatments, a control (0 mM NaCl), uniform salinity (200 mM NaCl), and two non-uniform salinities (0/200 mM and 0/400 mM NaCl). We determined the growth, gas exchange properties of the leaves, morphological parameters of the leaves and roots, water potential and consumption, and ion accumulation of the seedlings. The aim was to reveal the physiological and anatomical responses of SRM to non-uniform salinity. Under non-uniform salinity, the total biomass, shoot height, and leaf area of SRM seedlings were significantly higher and the leaf Na+ and Cl- contents were significantly lower than under uniform salinity. The total biomass was negatively corelated with the mean root zone salinity. Once the parts of the roots were in the salt-free zone, the leaf water potential and the daily water consumption of the seedlings under non-uniform salinity were much higher than the uniform salinity treatment. The leaf gas exchange of SRM under non-uniform salinity was not significantly inhibited compared to the control, but was significantly higher than under uniform salinity. The leaf electron transport rate (ETR) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of the PSII, leaf SOD activity, and the MDA content of the seedlings subjected to non-uniform salinity treatments were at unstressed level. In terms of leaf anatomical traits, that the palisade and spongy parenchyma was significantly thicker than the uniform salinity. Early senescence of the leaves was observed under both uniform and non-uniform salinity conditions. More roots, especially fine roots, were distributed in the non-saline zone. These results indicate that under non-uniform salinity, SRM seedling growth was significantly inhibited, however, the salt stress was alleviated by the partial salt-free root zone compared to uniform the salinity. Non-uniform salinity led to moderate Na+ accumulation in the leaves, which in turn caused slight oxidative and osmotic stress, but had little influence on the morphological or anatomical traits of the leaves. SRM could adapt to the saline soil where partial zone desalinated or partial zone replaced by the non-saline soil.

ACS Style

Xiaohui Feng; Tabassum Hussain; Kai Guo; Ping An; Xiaojing Liu. Physiological, morphological and anatomical responses of Hibiscus moscheutos to non-uniform salinity stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2020, 182, 104301 .

AMA Style

Xiaohui Feng, Tabassum Hussain, Kai Guo, Ping An, Xiaojing Liu. Physiological, morphological and anatomical responses of Hibiscus moscheutos to non-uniform salinity stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2020; 182 ():104301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaohui Feng; Tabassum Hussain; Kai Guo; Ping An; Xiaojing Liu. 2020. "Physiological, morphological and anatomical responses of Hibiscus moscheutos to non-uniform salinity stress." Environmental and Experimental Botany 182, no. : 104301.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2020 in Microorganisms
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: Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

ACS Style

Abraham Mulu Oljira; Tabassum Hussain; Tatoba R. Waghmode; Huicheng Zhao; Hongyong Sun; Xiaojing Liu; Xinzhen Wang; Binbin Liu. Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1565 .

AMA Style

Abraham Mulu Oljira, Tabassum Hussain, Tatoba R. Waghmode, Huicheng Zhao, Hongyong Sun, Xiaojing Liu, Xinzhen Wang, Binbin Liu. Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (10):1565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abraham Mulu Oljira; Tabassum Hussain; Tatoba R. Waghmode; Huicheng Zhao; Hongyong Sun; Xiaojing Liu; Xinzhen Wang; Binbin Liu. 2020. "Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress." Microorganisms 8, no. 10: 1565.

Reference work
Published: 19 September 2020 in Handbook of Halophytes
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A field experiment was performed to assess the dynamics of soil respiration and its key influencing factors in a coastal saline wasteland along the Bohai Sea at 3 and 10 years after planting Tamarix chinensis. The results showed that the cultivation of T. chinensis, which corresponded to relatively higher root biomass and soil-infiltration ability, can result in a significantly higher rate of soil respiration than that of abandoned saline-alkali bare land as well as regulated net photosynthesis along with other CO2/H2O gas exchange parameters. The root growth rate was the key factor that affected the soil respiration rate more than the total root biomass of the plants did. The soil surface temperature was also an important factor that affected the soil respiration rate in each land, and the soil salt and water contents were closely related to only root respiration on the lands planted with 3-year-old T. chinensis due to the short-term improvement of the soil by the plant community; long-term cultivation of T. chinensis reduced the soil surface salinity during the period of the highest evaporation and provided an adequate carbon source for the growth of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. This research can offer a reference value for the characteristics of carbon sequestration during the process of vegetation regeneration on coastal saline lands.

ACS Style

Tabassum Hussain; Xiaoguang Li; Xiaohui Feng; Jinsong Li; Kai Guo; Bilquees Gul; Xiaojing Liu. Soil Respiration and Photosynthetic Carbon Gain on an Abundant Coastal Land After Plantation of Tamarix chinensis. Handbook of Halophytes 2020, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Tabassum Hussain, Xiaoguang Li, Xiaohui Feng, Jinsong Li, Kai Guo, Bilquees Gul, Xiaojing Liu. Soil Respiration and Photosynthetic Carbon Gain on an Abundant Coastal Land After Plantation of Tamarix chinensis. Handbook of Halophytes. 2020; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum Hussain; Xiaoguang Li; Xiaohui Feng; Jinsong Li; Kai Guo; Bilquees Gul; Xiaojing Liu. 2020. "Soil Respiration and Photosynthetic Carbon Gain on an Abundant Coastal Land After Plantation of Tamarix chinensis." Handbook of Halophytes , no. : 1-21.

Reference work
Published: 10 September 2020 in Handbook of Halophytes
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This chapter attempts to synthesize recent work related to photosynthetic adaptations and oxidative stress mitigation mechanisms of perennial warm subtropical halophytes of Karachi, Pakistan. In most species the light-harvesting photochemical reactions appear less sensitive to increase in salinity treatments in comparison with those of carbon fixation. This was evident from unaltered Fv/Fm values which indicate the maximum photochemical efficiency and the degree of photoinhibition of PSII. However, there was a reduction in electron transport rate (ETR) and a rise in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) by heat dissipation. Decrease in net photosynthetic rates (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rates (E) with concomitant increases in salinity indicate downregulation of key photosynthetic processes as a survival strategy under harsh conditions by improving or maintaining water use efficiency (WUE) in most species. At the biochemical level increases in salinity resulted in an increase in H2O2 content. Consequently, increased or constitutively high superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities with high ascorbate and glutathione contents were observed in response to salinity treatments as key protective antioxidant responses to prevent oxidative damage under low to moderate salinity. At higher salinity treatments, rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) content could indicate insufficiency of antioxidant system against excessive ROS. An attempt has been made to find ecological arguments for differences in the abovementioned physiological and biochemical responses of halophytes; however further studies are needed.

ACS Style

Salman Gulzar; Tabassum Hussain; Bilquees Gul; Abdul Hameed. Photosynthetic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Halophytes from Warm Subtropical Region. Handbook of Halophytes 2020, 1 -31.

AMA Style

Salman Gulzar, Tabassum Hussain, Bilquees Gul, Abdul Hameed. Photosynthetic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Halophytes from Warm Subtropical Region. Handbook of Halophytes. 2020; ():1-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salman Gulzar; Tabassum Hussain; Bilquees Gul; Abdul Hameed. 2020. "Photosynthetic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Halophytes from Warm Subtropical Region." Handbook of Halophytes , no. : 1-31.

Original research article
Published: 29 May 2020 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Salinity and drought are two often simultaneously occurring abiotic stresses that limit the production of food crops worldwide. This study aimed to distinguish between the separate and combined impacts of drought and salinity on the plant response. Panicum antidotale was cultivated in a greenhouse under the following growth conditions: control, 100 mM NaCl (100) and 300 mM NaCl (300) salinity, drought (D; 30% irrigation), and two combinations of salinity and drought (100 + D and 300 + D). The growth response was as follows: 0 ≈ 100 > 100 + D > > D ≈ 300 ≈ 300 + D. Growth correlated directly with photosynthesis. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, and triose phosphate utilization protein (e.g., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) were highest in the control and declined most at 300 + D, while 100 + D performed significantly better as compared to drought. Maximum and actual photosystem II (PSII) efficiencies, along with photochemical quenching during light harvesting, resemble the plant growth and contemporary CO2/H2O gas exchange parameters in the given treatments. Plant improves water use efficiency under salt and drought treatments, which reflects the high water conservation ability of Panicum. Our findings indicate that the combination of low salinity with drought was able to minimize the deleterious effects of drought alone on growth, chlorophyll content, cell integrity, photosynthesis, leaf water potential, and water deficit. This synergetic effect demonstrates the positive role of Na+ and Cl– in carbon assimilation and osmotic adjustment. In contrast, the combination of high salinity and drought enforced the negative response of plants in comparison to single stress, demonstrating the antagonistic impact of water availability and ion toxicity.

ACS Style

Tabassum Hussain; Hans-Werner Koyro; Wensheng Zhang; Xiaotong Liu; Bilquees Gul; Xiaojing Liu. Low Salinity Improves Photosynthetic Performance in Panicum antidotale Under Drought Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Tabassum Hussain, Hans-Werner Koyro, Wensheng Zhang, Xiaotong Liu, Bilquees Gul, Xiaojing Liu. Low Salinity Improves Photosynthetic Performance in Panicum antidotale Under Drought Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum Hussain; Hans-Werner Koyro; Wensheng Zhang; Xiaotong Liu; Bilquees Gul; Xiaojing Liu. 2020. "Low Salinity Improves Photosynthetic Performance in Panicum antidotale Under Drought Stress." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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This study addressed the interactions between salt stress and the antioxidant responses of a halophytic grass, Desmostachya bipinnata. Plants were grown in a semi-hydroponic system and treated with different NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 100 mM, 400 mM) for a month. ROS degradation enzyme activities were stimulated by addition of NaCl. Synthesis of antioxidant compounds, such as phenols, was enhanced in the presence of NaCl leading to accumulation of these compounds under moderate salinity. However, when the ROS production rate exceeded the capacity of enzyme-controlled degradation, antioxidant compounds were consumed and oxidative damage was indicated by significant levels of hydrogen peroxide at high salinity. The cellular concentration of salicylic acid increased upon salt stress, but since no direct interaction with ROS was detected, a messenger function may be postulated. High salinity treatment caused a significant decrease of plant growth parameters, whereas treatment with moderate salinity resulted in optimal growth. The activity and abundance of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with salinity, but the abundance of SOD isoforms was differentially affected, depending on the NaCl concentration applied. Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was executed by catalase and guaiacol peroxidase at moderate salinity, whereas the enzymes detoxifying H2O2 through the ascorbate/glutathione cycle dominated at high salinity. The redox status of glutathione was impaired at moderate salinity, whereas the levels of both ascorbate and glutathione significantly decreased only at high salinity. Apparently, the maximal activation of enzyme-controlled ROS degradation was insufficient in comparison to the ROS production at high salinity. As a result, ROS-induced damage could not be prevented, if the applied stress exceeded a critical value in D. bipinnata plants.

ACS Style

Hina Asrar; Tabassum Hussain; Muhammad Qasim; Brent L. Nielsen; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan. Salt induced modulations in antioxidative defense system of Desmostachya bipinnata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2020, 147, 113 -124.

AMA Style

Hina Asrar, Tabassum Hussain, Muhammad Qasim, Brent L. Nielsen, Bilquees Gul, M. Ajmal Khan. Salt induced modulations in antioxidative defense system of Desmostachya bipinnata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 147 ():113-124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Asrar; Tabassum Hussain; Muhammad Qasim; Brent L. Nielsen; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan. 2020. "Salt induced modulations in antioxidative defense system of Desmostachya bipinnata." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 147, no. : 113-124.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2019 in Ecological Engineering
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Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa are annual chenopod herbs that grow well in saline-alkali lands, and they share a number of morphological and physiological traits. We found that the natural distributions of these two halophytes were regionally heterogeneous in the saltmarsh of the Bohai coast, China. In the present study, habitat surveys and laboratory tests were conducted to examine the adaptability of S. glauca and S. salsa in variable environments. The habitat survey showed that S. glauca preferred to establish in soil with a lower moisture, lower EC, and higher pH as compared to S. salsa, suggesting that the adaptability of S. glauca and S. salsa to drought, salt, and alkali conditions varies. In the laboratory, these abiotic stresses were simulated at varying degrees by hydroponic culture. Plant biomass, water content, cations and anions distribution were measured after 10 days treatments. The results showed that (1) the inhibitory effect of the drought treatment on S. salsa shoot fresh weight and water content was less than that on S. glauca. Low and moderate drought treatments inhibited the root growth of S. glauca but promoted S. salsa root growth with Mg2+ and SO42− accumulation. (2) S. glauca and S. salsa were both highly resistant to salinity, and their adaptive strategies were similar. The optimum NaCl concentration for S. salsa was 200 mM, higher than that of 100 mM for S. glauca, and a greater K+ deficiency was observed in S. glauca roots under high salinity treatment. (3) Although high alkali stress was destructive to S. glauca and S. salsa, low alkali treatment promoted the plants root growth, and this promotion in S. glauca was greater than that in S. salsa. Furthermore, low and moderate alkali treatments significantly increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in S. glauca root but had little effect in S. salsa. These results indicated that S. salsa was more tolerant to drought and salt stresses than S. glauca but less tolerant to alkalinity. The resistance variation between the two species was mainly due to their root adaptability and the potential cations regulation. Moreover, our study suggests that S. salsa is an optimal species for the artificial revegetation in high saline land, while S. glauca is more adaptable to alkali land.

ACS Style

Jingsong Li; Tabassum Hussain; Xiaohui Feng; Kai Guo; Huanyu Chen; Ce Yang; Xiaojing Liu. Comparative study on the resistance of Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa to drought, salt, and alkali stresses. Ecological Engineering 2019, 140, 105593 .

AMA Style

Jingsong Li, Tabassum Hussain, Xiaohui Feng, Kai Guo, Huanyu Chen, Ce Yang, Xiaojing Liu. Comparative study on the resistance of Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa to drought, salt, and alkali stresses. Ecological Engineering. 2019; 140 ():105593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingsong Li; Tabassum Hussain; Xiaohui Feng; Kai Guo; Huanyu Chen; Ce Yang; Xiaojing Liu. 2019. "Comparative study on the resistance of Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa to drought, salt, and alkali stresses." Ecological Engineering 140, no. : 105593.

Book chapter
Published: 06 August 2019 in Sabkha Ecosystems
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ACS Style

Sarwat Ghulam Rasool; Hina Siddiqui; Abdul Hameed; Tabassum Hussain; Irfan Aziz; M. Ajmal Khan; Salman Gulzar. Temporal Variations in Water and Ion Relations in Coastal Halophytes. Sabkha Ecosystems 2019, 447 -458.

AMA Style

Sarwat Ghulam Rasool, Hina Siddiqui, Abdul Hameed, Tabassum Hussain, Irfan Aziz, M. Ajmal Khan, Salman Gulzar. Temporal Variations in Water and Ion Relations in Coastal Halophytes. Sabkha Ecosystems. 2019; ():447-458.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarwat Ghulam Rasool; Hina Siddiqui; Abdul Hameed; Tabassum Hussain; Irfan Aziz; M. Ajmal Khan; Salman Gulzar. 2019. "Temporal Variations in Water and Ion Relations in Coastal Halophytes." Sabkha Ecosystems , no. : 447-458.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Groundwater plays a major role in agro-hydrological processes in the North China Plain (NCP). The NCP is facing a water deficit, due to a rapid decline in the water table because of the double cropping system. A two crop (maize and wheat) rotation is required to balance the food supply and demand, which leads to an imbalance between evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. Thus, there has been a decline of about 1.35 m yr−1 of groundwater (Luancheng Agroecosystem Experimental Station (LAES), NCP) during the last 10 years. Lysimeter experiments were conducted under different irrigation treatments (flood, surface drip, and subsurface drip) to account for ET in the selection of a suitable irrigation method. Subsurface drip irrigation reduced ET by 26% compared to flood irrigation, and 15% compared to surface drip irrigation, with significant grain yield and biomass formation due to decreased evaporation losses. Grain yield, yield components, and above ground biomass were similar in subsurface drip and flood irrigation. However, these biomass parameters were lower with surface drip irrigation. Furthermore, subsurface drip irrigation increased the crop water productivity (24.95%) and irrigation water productivity (19.59%) compared to flood irrigation. The subsurface irrigated plants showed an increase in net photosynthesis (~10%), higher intrinsic water use efficiency (~36%), lower transpiration rate (~22%), and saved 80 mm of water compared to flood irrigation. Our findings indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can be adopted in the NCP to increase water use efficiency, optimize grain yield, and minimize water loss in order to address scarcity.

ACS Style

Muhammad Umair; Tabassum Hussain; Hanbing Jiang; Ayesha Ahmad; Jiawei Yao; Yongqing Qi; Yucui Zhang; Leilei Min; Yanjun Shen. Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2978 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Umair, Tabassum Hussain, Hanbing Jiang, Ayesha Ahmad, Jiawei Yao, Yongqing Qi, Yucui Zhang, Leilei Min, Yanjun Shen. Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2978.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Umair; Tabassum Hussain; Hanbing Jiang; Ayesha Ahmad; Jiawei Yao; Yongqing Qi; Yucui Zhang; Leilei Min; Yanjun Shen. 2019. "Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2978.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2019 in Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants
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This study aimed at elucidating the impact of salinity on the differential responses of the photosynthetic apparatus at different stages of leaf development in the C4 perennial grass Panicum antidotale. Plants were grown for a period of 15 days at hyper-osmotic salinity (up to 400 mM NaCl) or at control conditions (no addition of NaCl to the culture medium). Each day plants were harvested and salt stress effect on biomass production (fresh and dry weight) was recorded. In parallel leaves were divided from leaf tip to leaf base in five segments for analysis of stress effects on the following parameters: chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR), MDA (an indicator of peroxidation of membrane lipids), and ion leakage. A direct correlation between membrane lipid peroxidation and (i) membrane integrity as well as (ii) inhibition of PSII function was found under salinity. In monocots the leaf meristem is located at the base and mature parenchymatic cells preferentially are found at the leaf tip. This may explain our finding that the degree of salt mediated inhibition of photosynthetic activity (ETRcontrol/ETRstressed) was 20-fold higher at leaf tip than at leaf base. Thus, we discuss observed variance in apparent salt resistance in terms of heterogeneity of the photosynthetic apparatus (due to difference in spatial and temporal development) along the leaf lamina.

ACS Style

Tabassum Hussain; Bernhard Huchzermeyer; Hans-Werner Koyro; M. Ajmal Khan. Linkage between leaf development and photosynthetic response at hyperosmotic salinity in the C-4 grass Panicum antidotale. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 2019, 256, 52 -60.

AMA Style

Tabassum Hussain, Bernhard Huchzermeyer, Hans-Werner Koyro, M. Ajmal Khan. Linkage between leaf development and photosynthetic response at hyperosmotic salinity in the C-4 grass Panicum antidotale. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2019; 256 ():52-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum Hussain; Bernhard Huchzermeyer; Hans-Werner Koyro; M. Ajmal Khan. 2019. "Linkage between leaf development and photosynthetic response at hyperosmotic salinity in the C-4 grass Panicum antidotale." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 256, no. : 52-60.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Functional Plant Biology
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A proteomics approach was used to investigate salt tolerance mechanisms of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf. Plants were subjected to 0 mM (control), 100 mM (moderate) and 400 mM (high) NaCl. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified with available databases. Optimal plant fresh weight was found at moderate salinity but declined at high salinity. Water potential, osmotic potential, Na+/K+ ratio, leaf electrolyte leakage, sugars and proline were altered at high salinity. However, water potential, proline content and electrolyte leakage were maintained at moderate salinity; Na+ and K+ concentrations increased, whereas sugars and osmotic potential decreased. Comparative proteome analysis revealed 103 salt responsive proteins. At moderate salinity, most of the proteins involved in energy metabolism, transport, antioxidative defence and cell growth were either unchanged or increased. Proteins related to amino-acid metabolism were decreased while those associated with secondary metabolism were accumulated. At high salinity, amino-acid metabolism and dehydration responses were evident; proteins of energy metabolism, transport and stress defence were downregulated. These results suggest that an efficient defence system, improved transport of water and metabolites, increased cell wall lignification and regulation of energy and carbohydrate metabolism allowed better potential for plant growth under moderately saline conditions.

ACS Style

Hina Asrar; Tabassum Hussain; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan; Brent L. Nielsen. Differential protein expression reveals salt tolerance mechanisms of Desmostachya bipinnata at moderate and high levels of salinity. Functional Plant Biology 2018, 45, 793 .

AMA Style

Hina Asrar, Tabassum Hussain, Bilquees Gul, M. Ajmal Khan, Brent L. Nielsen. Differential protein expression reveals salt tolerance mechanisms of Desmostachya bipinnata at moderate and high levels of salinity. Functional Plant Biology. 2018; 45 (8):793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Asrar; Tabassum Hussain; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan; Brent L. Nielsen. 2018. "Differential protein expression reveals salt tolerance mechanisms of Desmostachya bipinnata at moderate and high levels of salinity." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 8: 793.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Crop and Pasture Science
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Based on biomass composition of plants collected from saline habitats, Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. has emerged as a suitable feedstock for biofuel. In the present study, plant growth, eco-physiological responses and bioenergy characteristics of P. karka grown under conditions ranging from non-saline to ~80% seawater salinity are reported. Moderate salinity (NaCl at 100 mol m–3) increased plant fresh weight (20%), number of leaves (25%) and specific plant length, which were directly linked with increased net photosynthetic rate (25%) and stomatal conductance (25%) compared with the non-saline control. Higher photosynthetic efficiency was achieved by increasing electron transport rate (ETR, 20%), effective quantum yield (YII, 21%) and maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, 20%). Decreased non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)) and malondialdehyde content (18%) indicated an oxidative balance, which was also reflected in total carotenoids and chlorophylls. These eco-physiological parameters worked together to increase cellulose (34%) and hemicellulose (70%) at NaCl concentrations up to 200 mol m–3. Decreased growth under higher salinity could be linked with photosynthesis inhibition, due to stomatal closure and co-occurring reduction in CO2 uptake. Lower stomatal conductance increased water-use efficiency but led to over-production of reactive oxygen species, which disturbed oxidative stability (increasing ETR/PN) and imposed membrane leakage. Consequently, plants accumulated more carotenoids and soluble carbohydrates to stabilise PSII machinery (Fv/Fm, YII and Y(NPQ)), and to survive under high salinity. Such adaptations, however, led to growth penalty and reduced quality of lignocellulosic biomass. The above findings suggest that P. karka qualifies as a suitable raw material for biofuel under moderate salinity.

ACS Style

Zainul Abideen; Muhammad Qasim; Tabassum Hussain; Aysha Rasheed; Bilquees Gul; Hans-Werner Koyro; Raziuddin Ansari; M. Ajmal Khan. Salinity improves growth, photosynthesis and bioenergy characteristics of Phragmites karka. Crop and Pasture Science 2018, 69, 944 .

AMA Style

Zainul Abideen, Muhammad Qasim, Tabassum Hussain, Aysha Rasheed, Bilquees Gul, Hans-Werner Koyro, Raziuddin Ansari, M. Ajmal Khan. Salinity improves growth, photosynthesis and bioenergy characteristics of Phragmites karka. Crop and Pasture Science. 2018; 69 (9):944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zainul Abideen; Muhammad Qasim; Tabassum Hussain; Aysha Rasheed; Bilquees Gul; Hans-Werner Koyro; Raziuddin Ansari; M. Ajmal Khan. 2018. "Salinity improves growth, photosynthesis and bioenergy characteristics of Phragmites karka." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 9: 944.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Environmental and Experimental Botany
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Hina Asrar; Tabassum Hussain; Syeda Midhat Sabahat Hadi; Bilquees Gul; Brent L. Nielsen; M. Ajmal Khan. Salinity induced changes in light harvesting and carbon assimilating complexes of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Staph. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2017, 135, 86 -95.

AMA Style

Hina Asrar, Tabassum Hussain, Syeda Midhat Sabahat Hadi, Bilquees Gul, Brent L. Nielsen, M. Ajmal Khan. Salinity induced changes in light harvesting and carbon assimilating complexes of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Staph. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2017; 135 ():86-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Asrar; Tabassum Hussain; Syeda Midhat Sabahat Hadi; Bilquees Gul; Brent L. Nielsen; M. Ajmal Khan. 2017. "Salinity induced changes in light harvesting and carbon assimilating complexes of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Staph." Environmental and Experimental Botany 135, no. : 86-95.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants
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Muhammad Yousuf Adnan; Tabassum Hussain; Hina Asrar; Abdul Hameed; Bilquees Gul; Brent L. Nielsen; M. Ajmal Khan. Desmostachya bipinnata manages photosynthesis and oxidative stress at moderate salinity. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 2016, 225, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Muhammad Yousuf Adnan, Tabassum Hussain, Hina Asrar, Abdul Hameed, Bilquees Gul, Brent L. Nielsen, M. Ajmal Khan. Desmostachya bipinnata manages photosynthesis and oxidative stress at moderate salinity. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2016; 225 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Yousuf Adnan; Tabassum Hussain; Hina Asrar; Abdul Hameed; Bilquees Gul; Brent L. Nielsen; M. Ajmal Khan. 2016. "Desmostachya bipinnata manages photosynthesis and oxidative stress at moderate salinity." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 225, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants
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Tabassum Hussain; Hans-Werner Koyro; Bernhard Huchzermeyer; Muhammad Ajmal Khan. Eco-physiological adaptations of Panicum antidotale to hyperosmotic salinity: Water and ion relations and anti-oxidant feedback. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 2015, 212, 30 -37.

AMA Style

Tabassum Hussain, Hans-Werner Koyro, Bernhard Huchzermeyer, Muhammad Ajmal Khan. Eco-physiological adaptations of Panicum antidotale to hyperosmotic salinity: Water and ion relations and anti-oxidant feedback. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2015; 212 ():30-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum Hussain; Hans-Werner Koyro; Bernhard Huchzermeyer; Muhammad Ajmal Khan. 2015. "Eco-physiological adaptations of Panicum antidotale to hyperosmotic salinity: Water and ion relations and anti-oxidant feedback." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 212, no. : 30-37.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in AoB PLANTS
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Salinity causes oxidative stress in plants by enhancing production of reactive oxygen species, so that an efficient antioxidant system, of which ascorbic acid (AsA) is a key component, is an essential requirement of tolerance. However, antioxidant responses of plants to salinity vary considerably among species. Limonium stocksii is a sub-tropical halophyte found in the coastal marshes from Gujarat (India) to Karachi (Pakistan) but little information exists on its salt resistance. In order to investigate the role of AsA in tolerance, 2-month-old plants were treated with 0 (control), 300 (moderate) and 600 (high) mM NaCl for 30 days with or without exogenous application of AsA (20 mM) or distilled water. Shoot growth of unsprayed plants at moderate salinity was similar to that of controls while at high salinity growth was inhibited substantially. Sap osmolality, AsA concentrations and activities of AsA-dependant antioxidant enzymes increased with increasing salinity. Water spray resulted in some improvement in growth, indicating that the growth promotion by exogenous treatments could partly be attributed to water. However, exogenous application of AsA on plants grown under saline conditions improved growth and AsA dependent antioxidant enzymes more than the water control treatment. Our data show that AsA-dependent antioxidant enzymes play an important role in salinity tolerance of L. stocksii.

ACS Style

Abdul Hameed; Salman Gulzar; Irfan Aziz; Tabassum Hussain; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan. Effects of salinity and ascorbic acid on growth, water status and antioxidant system in a perennial halophyte. AoB PLANTS 2015, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Abdul Hameed, Salman Gulzar, Irfan Aziz, Tabassum Hussain, Bilquees Gul, M. Ajmal Khan. Effects of salinity and ascorbic acid on growth, water status and antioxidant system in a perennial halophyte. AoB PLANTS. 2015; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hameed; Salman Gulzar; Irfan Aziz; Tabassum Hussain; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan. 2015. "Effects of salinity and ascorbic acid on growth, water status and antioxidant system in a perennial halophyte." AoB PLANTS 7, no. : 1.