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Prof. Yan Zhuge
University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

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0 Structural Engineering
0 Structural Rehabilitation
0 concrete durability
0 Masonry Structures
0 utilisation waste material

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Short Biography

Dr. Yan Zhuge is a Professor in Structural Engineering at the University of South Australia. Yan has lectured in several Australian universities for more than 20 years. She has a BEng (Hons) in Civil Engineering, a MEng in Structural Engineering from Beijing, China and a PhD in Structural Engineering from the Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Prof. Zhuge’s main research interests include green concrete materials, composite structures and the retrofitting of structures. She has published 160+ technical papers and has been invited as a keynote speaker at international conferences. She was the winner of the 2018 South Australia Winnovation award and the College of Experts of Australian Research Council.

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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Impact resistance, water transport properties and sodium sulphate attack are important criteria to determine the performance of concrete incorporating mixed types of recycled plastic waste. Nine mixes were designed with different combinations of the three plastic types; Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), High density polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP). The plastic partially substituted the coarse aggregate (by volume) at various replacement ratios; 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. The impact resistance and water transport properties were evaluated for nine mixes while sodium sulphate attack test was performed for three mixes. The results showed that the addition of mixed recycled plastic in concrete improved the impact resistance. The highest impact resistance improvement was achieved by R8 (PET + HDPE + PP) at 30% replacement which was 4.5 times better than the control mix. Water absorption results indicated a slight increase in all plastic mixes while contradictory results were observed for sorptivity test. Analysis of sodium sulphate attack results showed that incorporating 30% mixed plastic reduced the sodium sulphate resistance slightly due to the collective effect of plastic entrapping of sulphate ions after 80 cycles. This study has shown some positive results relating to the impact performance of Mixed Recycled Plastic Concrete (MRPC) which enhances its use in a sustainable way.

ACS Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem; Yan Zhuge; Reza Hassanli; Mark Ellis; Mizanur Rahman; Peter Levett. Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9521 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem, Yan Zhuge, Reza Hassanli, Mark Ellis, Mizanur Rahman, Peter Levett. Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem; Yan Zhuge; Reza Hassanli; Mark Ellis; Mizanur Rahman; Peter Levett. 2021. "Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9521.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Composite Structures
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Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) is an effective alternative reinforcing solution to tackle problems associated with steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures located in harsh environments. However, there are multiple construction challenges when cast-in-place GFRP reinforced concrete is used. Cast-in-place concrete is both labor and time intensive on account of timely assembly of falsework and formwork as well as pouring and curing of concrete. To avoid such challenges and accelerate the construction process, GFRP reinforced precast concrete elements can be used to avoid corrosion problems, improve the quality of the construction and reduce the associated risk and total cost. While GFRP reinforced precast concrete elements exhibit behavior comparable to those reinforced with steel, research on connections between precast elements is limited. This study aims to investigate the performance of bent cap connections for GFRP precast concrete elements for applications in bridge and jetty structures. An experimental investigation was designed and conducted on a large-scale concrete frame constructed out of GFRP reinforced precast concrete elements with four different types of pocketless connections. The effectiveness of using epoxy resin rather than conventional cement grout to accelerate the construction process was investigated. Also investigated were the effect of pre-stressing, the number of connecting reinforcement elements, and the type of reinforcement (i.e. bars and bolts). The frame was subjected to cyclic lateral loading and was tested in two stages. Results and discussion on the general behavior, failure modes, energy dissipation, damping ratio and ductility were presented. The results of the pocketless test frame were also compared with a similar frame tested previously by the same research group where pocket connections were used to transfer moment between the beam and column members. The results showed that using connecting bars/bolts in pocketless connections outperform the behavior of pocket connections. This study concluded that avoiding pockets and providing the integrity of the beam-column joint through bolt/bar connection can improve the general performance of the beam-column connection compared to connections with pockets. This method also increases the speed of construction and simplifies the manufacturing procedure.

ACS Style

Reza Hassanli; Tom Vincent; Allan Manalo; Scott T. Smith; Aliakbar Gholampour; Rebecca Gravina; Yan Zhuge. Connections in GFRP reinforced precast concrete frames. Composite Structures 2021, 276, 114540 .

AMA Style

Reza Hassanli, Tom Vincent, Allan Manalo, Scott T. Smith, Aliakbar Gholampour, Rebecca Gravina, Yan Zhuge. Connections in GFRP reinforced precast concrete frames. Composite Structures. 2021; 276 ():114540.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reza Hassanli; Tom Vincent; Allan Manalo; Scott T. Smith; Aliakbar Gholampour; Rebecca Gravina; Yan Zhuge. 2021. "Connections in GFRP reinforced precast concrete frames." Composite Structures 276, no. : 114540.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Engineering Structures
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Vehicular crashes into buildings seem to be an on-going problem with severe consequences. When the building is of masonry, the damage at the impact zone is more severe with possible intrusion of the vehicle into the building, depending on the velocity of impact. In all these cases, vibration is propagated from the impact zone to the wall edges and then to adjoining walls in the building and can result in their damage. While the damage at the impact zone has been studied, the vibration propagation to the edges of the impacted wall and the adjoining walls and their potential for damage have not been treated. Dynamic response and damage of masonry walls due to vibration caused by vehicular impacts is important for the global safety assessment of the masonry structures. With this in mind, this paper presents a numerical study on the vibration-induced damage characteristics of the masonry structures subjected to vehicular impacts. A homogenised masonry material model incorporating strain rate effects suitable for impact applications using layered shell elements is adopted in this research with improved computational efficiency. The vibration induced damage at the edges of masonry walls is studied through numerical models of various types of wall structures. A validated vehicle model with deformable characteristics is employed to predict the HIC (Head Injury Criteria) to evaluate the head injury risk of the occupants of the vehicle when it crashes into the masonry structure. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the vibration-induced damage in unreinforced masonry structures due to vehicular collision is more severe at low velocities compared that at high-velocity impacts. Moreover, the HIC value calculated for impacting vehicle velocity of 100 km/hr is 23.5, which is considerably lower than the HIC tolerance limit of 1000. This is a desirable safety feature for the occupants of the impacting vehicle, and it is due to the significant amount of energy absorbed at the impact zone and through the vibration transmission across the masonry wall.

ACS Style

Mohammad Asad; Tatheer Zahra; David P Thambiratnam; Tommy H.T. Chan; Yan Zhuge. Assessing vibration induced damage in unreinforced masonry walls subject to vehicular impact – A numerical study. Engineering Structures 2021, 245, 112843 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Asad, Tatheer Zahra, David P Thambiratnam, Tommy H.T. Chan, Yan Zhuge. Assessing vibration induced damage in unreinforced masonry walls subject to vehicular impact – A numerical study. Engineering Structures. 2021; 245 ():112843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Asad; Tatheer Zahra; David P Thambiratnam; Tommy H.T. Chan; Yan Zhuge. 2021. "Assessing vibration induced damage in unreinforced masonry walls subject to vehicular impact – A numerical study." Engineering Structures 245, no. : 112843.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Polymers
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An innovative beam concept made from hollow FRP tube with external flanges and filled with crumbed rubber concrete was investigated with respect to bending and shear. The performance of the rubberised-concrete-filled specimens was then compared with hollow and normal-concrete-filled tubes. A comparison between flanged and non-flanged hollow and concrete-filled tubes was also implemented. Moreover, finite element simulation was conducted to predict the fundamental behaviour of the beams. The results showed that concrete filling slightly improves bending performance but significantly enhances the shear properties of the beam. Adding 25% of crumb rubber in concrete marginally affects the bending and shear performance of the beam when compared with normal-concrete-filled tubes. Moreover, the stiffness-to-FRP weight ratio of a hollow externally flanged round tube is equivalent to that of a concrete-filled non-flanged round tube. The consideration of the pair-based contact surface between an FRP tube and infill concrete in linear finite element modelling predicted the failure loads within a 15% margin of difference.

ACS Style

Wahid Ferdous; Allan Manalo; Omar AlAjarmeh; Yan Zhuge; Ali Mohammed; Yu Bai; Thiru Aravinthan; Peter Schubel. Bending and Shear Behaviour of Waste Rubber Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes with External Flanges. Polymers 2021, 13, 2500 .

AMA Style

Wahid Ferdous, Allan Manalo, Omar AlAjarmeh, Yan Zhuge, Ali Mohammed, Yu Bai, Thiru Aravinthan, Peter Schubel. Bending and Shear Behaviour of Waste Rubber Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes with External Flanges. Polymers. 2021; 13 (15):2500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wahid Ferdous; Allan Manalo; Omar AlAjarmeh; Yan Zhuge; Ali Mohammed; Yu Bai; Thiru Aravinthan; Peter Schubel. 2021. "Bending and Shear Behaviour of Waste Rubber Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes with External Flanges." Polymers 13, no. 15: 2500.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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The use of alum sludge ash (ASA) in cement-based composites was investigated in this study, where the cement was replaced by ASA at weight percentages of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %. The results obtained from an advanced nanoindentation technology (coupling conventional statistic nanoindentation and chemical mapping) exhibited that the indentation modulus and hardness of High-density (HD) C-S-H and Low-density (LD) C-S-H as well as the total volumes of C-S-H gel in ASA-incorporated binder pastes were similar. However, the volume fractions of HD C-S-H in the pastes with 10 % ASA were higher than that in 30 % ASA samples. These results might attribute to the fact that the pastes containing 10% ASA exhibited a higher pozzolanic reaction degree, which was determined using the selective dissolution method. The homogenized indentation properties of paste samples with 10 % ASA were also higher than those incorporating 30 % ASA. In addition to considering HD C-S-H gel volume, the increased amount of unreacted ASA with much lower indentation properties than those of cement clinker might result in a deteriorated mechanical performance of binder pastes. In actual engineering practice, the optimum ratio for cement replaced with ASA in concrete was 10 %, which led to a comparable strength to concrete block samples containing 0 % ASA.

ACS Style

Yue Liu; Yan Zhuge; Christopher W.K. Chow; Alexandra Keegan; Jun Ma; Colin Hall; Danda Li; Phuong Ngoc Pham; Jianyin Huang; Weiwei Duan; Lei Wang. Cementitious composites containing alum sludge ash: An investigation of microstructural features by an advanced nanoindentation technology. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 299, 124286 .

AMA Style

Yue Liu, Yan Zhuge, Christopher W.K. Chow, Alexandra Keegan, Jun Ma, Colin Hall, Danda Li, Phuong Ngoc Pham, Jianyin Huang, Weiwei Duan, Lei Wang. Cementitious composites containing alum sludge ash: An investigation of microstructural features by an advanced nanoindentation technology. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 299 ():124286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Liu; Yan Zhuge; Christopher W.K. Chow; Alexandra Keegan; Jun Ma; Colin Hall; Danda Li; Phuong Ngoc Pham; Jianyin Huang; Weiwei Duan; Lei Wang. 2021. "Cementitious composites containing alum sludge ash: An investigation of microstructural features by an advanced nanoindentation technology." Construction and Building Materials 299, no. : 124286.

Review
Published: 23 June 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The world is moving towards a circular economy that focuses on reducing wastes and keeping materials in use for the longest time possible. This paper critically reviewed three of the largest volume of landfill waste materials (tyres, plastics and glass) that are becoming a major concern for many countries. At present, crumb rubbers (from tyres) and glass sands (from crushed waste glass) are being used in concrete and road constructions while plastics are often used in manufacturing civil structures. However, only 10% tyres, 19.5% plastics and 21% glass are currently recycled globally. The massive volume of remaining unused wastes goes to landfill creating environmental problems. Therefore, finding new strategies of utilising these landfill wastes is vital. The global and country specific production, recycling and landfilling rates of these waste are summarised to understand the present situation of global waste crisis. Future strategies for improved waste management, potential investment and research directions are highlighted. New options for recycling wastes tyres, plastics and glass in construction are also presented to provide practical and economical solutions to extract maximum value and ensure their continued use in a closed loop system.

ACS Style

Wahid Ferdous; Allan Manalo; Rafat Siddique; Priyan Mendis; Yan Zhuge; Hong S. Wong; Weena Lokuge; Thiru Aravinthan; Peter Schubel. Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 173, 105745 .

AMA Style

Wahid Ferdous, Allan Manalo, Rafat Siddique, Priyan Mendis, Yan Zhuge, Hong S. Wong, Weena Lokuge, Thiru Aravinthan, Peter Schubel. Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 173 ():105745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wahid Ferdous; Allan Manalo; Rafat Siddique; Priyan Mendis; Yan Zhuge; Hong S. Wong; Weena Lokuge; Thiru Aravinthan; Peter Schubel. 2021. "Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173, no. : 105745.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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Brick cave dwellings are a traditional residence widely built and used in the Loess Plateau of China, but the current understanding of their seismic performance is still scarce. In the present study, the weak areas and dynamic response characteristics of brick cave dwellings were explored by performing shake table tests on a 1:4 scaled model. The test results indicate a noticeable increase in the structural model's dynamic response and damage when the PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) was 0.5 g, while the structural stiffness substantially degraded when the PGA reached 0.6 g. The severely damaged areas on the structural model mainly refer to the piers, middle barrel vault, and Yaolian, and the damage cracks at the wall junctions were denser in particular. Along with the PGA increases, the stiffness degradation of the pier story and roof story was higher than that of the vault story, leading to differences in the dynamic responses between the three stories. Since the flexibility and stiffness degradation of the middle piers were higher than that of the lateral piers, the vertical displacement response of the middle barrel vault constrained by the middle piers was considerably higher than that of the lateral barrel vault. When the chambers opened on the Yaolian of the brick cave dwellings and caused an eccentric distribution in structural stiffness, the dynamic responses of the Yaolian and back wall were rendered differently while a torsion effect was produced. Further analysis also showed that the accumulated hysteresis energy dissipation of each structure story was not the same, the energy dissipation by inelastic deformation increased significantly when the PGA reached 0.6 g, and the structure entered the elastoplastic stage.

ACS Style

Jianyang Xue; Pengchun Hu; Fengliang Zhang; Yan Zhuge. Seismic Behavior of Brick Cave Dwellings: Shake Table Tests. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 43, 102886 .

AMA Style

Jianyang Xue, Pengchun Hu, Fengliang Zhang, Yan Zhuge. Seismic Behavior of Brick Cave Dwellings: Shake Table Tests. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 43 ():102886.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianyang Xue; Pengchun Hu; Fengliang Zhang; Yan Zhuge. 2021. "Seismic Behavior of Brick Cave Dwellings: Shake Table Tests." Journal of Building Engineering 43, no. : 102886.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in Engineering Structures
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This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the compressive behaviour of concrete columns strengthened with a composite reinforcement layer, which was combined by basalt fibre textile and Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). Concrete columns strengthened with textile reinforced ECC, textile reinforced mortar (TRM) and unreinforced were tested to investigate their compressive behaviour. The experimental results showed that the columns confined with textile reinforced ECC exhibited a better performance in strength and ductility than columns confined with TRM. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to investigate the behaviour of concrete column strengthened with textile reinforced ECC, and the model was validated by comparing the results with those obtained from experiments. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the effects of spacing and number of textile layers on the performance of the composite column. An analytical model on compressive resistance of columns with textile reinforced ECC was also developed with consideration of the spacing and number of textile layers.

ACS Style

Xuan Chen; Yan Zhuge; Ali Nassir Al-Gemeel; Zhongming Xiong. Compressive behaviour of concrete column confined with basalt textile reinforced ECC. Engineering Structures 2021, 243, 112651 .

AMA Style

Xuan Chen, Yan Zhuge, Ali Nassir Al-Gemeel, Zhongming Xiong. Compressive behaviour of concrete column confined with basalt textile reinforced ECC. Engineering Structures. 2021; 243 ():112651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuan Chen; Yan Zhuge; Ali Nassir Al-Gemeel; Zhongming Xiong. 2021. "Compressive behaviour of concrete column confined with basalt textile reinforced ECC." Engineering Structures 243, no. : 112651.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Journal of Composites Science
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Different types of recycled plastic have been used in concrete and most studies have focused on the behaviour of a single type of plastic. However, separating plastic wastes increases the cost and time of processing. To tackle this problem, this research presents an experimental investigation to determine the effect of incorporating different combinations of three types of recycled plastic waste aggregates—Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP)—at different replacement ratios of coarse aggregate on physical and mechanical properties of concrete. The combinations include two plastic types at 10% and 20% replacement ratios and three plastic types at 15% and 30% replacement ratios. The performance of the plastic concrete was assessed based on various physical and mechanical properties including workability, fresh and dry densities, air content, compressive, indirect tensile and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain behaviour and ultrasonic pulse velocity. It is found that the workability of Mixed Recycled Plastic Concrete (MRPC) at a low replacement rate is independent of the type of plastic. The minimum reduction in the compressive strength, indirect tensile and modulus of elasticity were achieved by R3 (PET + PP) at 10% replacement, while R5 (HDPE + PP) at 10% replacement achieved the highest flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity values. The findings suggest that the mixed recycled plastics have a good possibility to partially replace coarse aggregates in concrete which will benefit the plastics recycling community and environment. Furthermore, the study will provide guidance to the concrete industry concerning the effect of the implementation of unsorted mixed types of plastic as coarse aggregates in the production of concrete.

ACS Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem; Yan Zhuge; Reza Hassanli; Mark Ellis; Mizanur Rahman; Peter Levett. Stress-Strain Behaviour and Mechanical Strengths of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Recycled Plastics. Journal of Composites Science 2021, 5, 146 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem, Yan Zhuge, Reza Hassanli, Mark Ellis, Mizanur Rahman, Peter Levett. Stress-Strain Behaviour and Mechanical Strengths of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Recycled Plastics. Journal of Composites Science. 2021; 5 (6):146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem; Yan Zhuge; Reza Hassanli; Mark Ellis; Mizanur Rahman; Peter Levett. 2021. "Stress-Strain Behaviour and Mechanical Strengths of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Recycled Plastics." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6: 146.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Journal of Composites Science
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There is a lot of ongoing active research all over the world looking for various applications of used tyre rubber, to increase its utilisation rate. One of the common research applications is to incorporate rubber into concrete as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates. However, due to its poor bonding performance with cement paste, the utilisation of rubber in concrete has been hindered to date. A cost-effective and time-saving rubber pre-treatment method is of great interest, especially for the concrete industry. Out of all the various pre-treatment methods, soaking rubber particles in water is the most cost-effective and least complex method. In addition, sodium sulphate accelerates the hydration reaction of the cement composites. This study looks at the effect of soaking crumb rubber in tap water for short (2 h) and long (24 h) durations, and the optimised duration was then compared with soaking the crumb rubber in a 5% concentration of sodium sulphate solution. Compressive strength, bond behaviour, and rubber/cement interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results demonstrate that a soaking duration of 2 h provides much better performance in both the strength and bond properties compared to 24-h soaking. A further improvement in the 7-day strength was achieved with the rubber soaked in 5% sodium sulphate solution for 2 h, providing a more practical and economical rubber pre-treatment method for concrete industry use.

ACS Style

Rajeev Roychand; Rebecca Gravina; Yan Zhuge; Xing Ma; Julie Mills; Osama Youssf. Practical Rubber Pre-Treatment Approch for Concrete Use—An Experimental Study. Journal of Composites Science 2021, 5, 143 .

AMA Style

Rajeev Roychand, Rebecca Gravina, Yan Zhuge, Xing Ma, Julie Mills, Osama Youssf. Practical Rubber Pre-Treatment Approch for Concrete Use—An Experimental Study. Journal of Composites Science. 2021; 5 (6):143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajeev Roychand; Rebecca Gravina; Yan Zhuge; Xing Ma; Julie Mills; Osama Youssf. 2021. "Practical Rubber Pre-Treatment Approch for Concrete Use—An Experimental Study." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6: 143.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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A composite slab reinforced by profiled steel deck is a structural system where the longitudinal shear resistance between the steel deck and the concrete is the critical factor that governs the member capacity of the slabs under shear and/or flexural loads. Partially replacing concrete sand by crumbed rubber particles derived from used tyres to form crumb rubber concrete (CRC) can adversely affect the concrete mechanical characteristics; however, the plastic energy absorption and ductility of CRC have been shown to be improved. This paper presents an experimental study of large-scale composite slabs made of CRC or conventional concrete (CC) at similar compressive strength of 25 MPa that were tested under 4-point bending. Different shear spans and loading schemes were applied and tested in this study. The slabs were all 130 mm thick and had 3400 mm full span (800 mm shear span) for long slabs and 1800 mm full span (400 mm shear span) for short slabs. The overall performances, load carrying capacity, end-slippage, and interaction with steel of the tested CRC slabs were comparable or even better than those of the corresponding CC slabs, which indicated the viable substitution of CRC in composite slabs.

ACS Style

Ou Yi; Julie E. Mills; Yan Zhuge; Xing Ma; Rebecca J. Gravina; Osama Youssf. Performance of crumb rubber concrete composite-deck slabs in 4-point-bending. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 40, 102695 .

AMA Style

Ou Yi, Julie E. Mills, Yan Zhuge, Xing Ma, Rebecca J. Gravina, Osama Youssf. Performance of crumb rubber concrete composite-deck slabs in 4-point-bending. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 40 ():102695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ou Yi; Julie E. Mills; Yan Zhuge; Xing Ma; Rebecca J. Gravina; Osama Youssf. 2021. "Performance of crumb rubber concrete composite-deck slabs in 4-point-bending." Journal of Building Engineering 40, no. : 102695.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2021 in Engineering Structures
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Hollow-core precast concrete slabs are now being used in modular building construction to minimise the volume of concrete and to reduce their weight. However, the existence of voids in hollow-core concrete slabs makes the slab prone to premature failure. Recently, a composite reinforcing systems (CRS) has been developed to support the void in precast slabs. In this paper, the bending behaviour of a composite slab made from precast concrete with steel and CRS reinforcement was investigated. Four-point bending test was conducted for six precast slabs (solid, hollow without CRS, hollow with 2, 3 and 4 CRS, and hollow with 3 epoxy coated CRS) to comprehend the structural performance of this new precast concrete construction system. A non-linear finite element modelling was also conducted to gain an insight understanding the behaviour of the internal components of slab. The results showed that the CRS can stabilise the hollow core and act as additional reinforcement which enhances the load bearing capacity by 112% and the initial stiffness of the slabs by 24%.

ACS Style

Usama Al-Fakher; Allan Manalo; Wahid Ferdous; Thiru Aravinthan; Yan Zhuge; Yu Bai; Azam Edoo. Bending behaviour of precast concrete slab with externally flanged hollow FRP tubes. Engineering Structures 2021, 241, 112433 .

AMA Style

Usama Al-Fakher, Allan Manalo, Wahid Ferdous, Thiru Aravinthan, Yan Zhuge, Yu Bai, Azam Edoo. Bending behaviour of precast concrete slab with externally flanged hollow FRP tubes. Engineering Structures. 2021; 241 ():112433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usama Al-Fakher; Allan Manalo; Wahid Ferdous; Thiru Aravinthan; Yan Zhuge; Yu Bai; Azam Edoo. 2021. "Bending behaviour of precast concrete slab with externally flanged hollow FRP tubes." Engineering Structures 241, no. : 112433.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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This paper investigates the feasibility of using three types of recycled plastic waste to partially replace the coarse aggregate for kerbing application. The recycled plastic wastes adopted in the research include Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP). Various properties of the mixes were assessed including fresh concrete properties (workability, fresh density, and air content), mechanical properties (compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength and static chord modulus of elasticity) and durability properties (water absorption, water sorptivity, abrasion resistance and drying shrinkage). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to investigate the microstructures of the specimens. Results showed that utilization of plastic aggregate in concrete reduced overall workability and fresh density of concrete; using plastic waste as partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate up to 20% satisfies the kerb design requirement and the strength loss is not detrimental. Up to 20% replacement of PET and PP showed an improved abrasion resistance compared to the control mix. PET exhibited an acceptable drying shrinkage compared to the control mix. The analysis of microstructural observations showed that mixes containing PET exhibited better bond strength compared to HDPE and PP.

ACS Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem; Yan Zhuge; Reza Hassanli; Mark Ellis; Mizanur Rahman; Peter Levett. Evaluation of concrete performance with different types of recycled plastic waste for kerb application. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 293, 123477 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem, Yan Zhuge, Reza Hassanli, Mark Ellis, Mizanur Rahman, Peter Levett. Evaluation of concrete performance with different types of recycled plastic waste for kerb application. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 293 ():123477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud Abu-Saleem; Yan Zhuge; Reza Hassanli; Mark Ellis; Mizanur Rahman; Peter Levett. 2021. "Evaluation of concrete performance with different types of recycled plastic waste for kerb application." Construction and Building Materials 293, no. : 123477.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Composite Structures
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In this study, a novel ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite plate that is reinforced with a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) grid (herein FRP-UHPC composite plate) is developed and reported. The durability and mechanical performance of FRP-UHPC composite plates in harsh environments are expected to be superior to conventional materials when used in optimal configurations; because i) both UHPC and FRP composites in isolation have excellent mechanical properties in specific directions, and ii) they are also durable materials. The flexural and tensile behaviour of FRP-UHPC composite plates, with and without the inclusion of steel fibres in the UHPC mix, were investigated via experimentation. The test results, which demonstrate the excellent interaction between FRP and UHPC, confirm the viability of the system: i) the inclusion of an FRP grid enhances the ultimate flexural capacity by over 150% and the ultimate tensile capacity by over 200%; ii) the FRP-UHPC composite plates exhibit tensile elastic-strain hardening behaviour and the average ultimate tensile stress of the composite plates with an FRP reinforcement ratio of about 0.69% is over 25 MPa; and iii) the interaction between the FRP grid and UHPC is sufficient to transfer stresses in the longitudinal FRP strips to the UHPC through the transverse strips of the FRP grid, while the steel fibres in the UHPC passing through the openings of the FRP grid reduce the likelihood of FRP debonding. The proposed strain-hardening FRP-UHPC plates are expected to be promising for structural elements with various purposes.

ACS Style

Yu-Yi Ye; Scott T. Smith; Jun-Jie Zeng; Yan Zhuge; Wai-Meng Quach. Novel ultra-high-performance concrete composite plates reinforced with FRP grid: Development and mechanical behaviour. Composite Structures 2021, 269, 114033 .

AMA Style

Yu-Yi Ye, Scott T. Smith, Jun-Jie Zeng, Yan Zhuge, Wai-Meng Quach. Novel ultra-high-performance concrete composite plates reinforced with FRP grid: Development and mechanical behaviour. Composite Structures. 2021; 269 ():114033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Yi Ye; Scott T. Smith; Jun-Jie Zeng; Yan Zhuge; Wai-Meng Quach. 2021. "Novel ultra-high-performance concrete composite plates reinforced with FRP grid: Development and mechanical behaviour." Composite Structures 269, no. : 114033.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Materials and Structures
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Hollow core concrete-panels are prone to shear failure due to collapse of the voids. In this study, the shear behaviour of hollow precast concrete-composite structures (HPCCSs) reinforced with steel bars and composite reinforcing system (CRS) were investigated. Eleven concrete-panels with different unit-widths (175 mm, 200 mm and 300 mm) and shear-spans (300 mm, 600 mm and 900 mm) were fabricated and tested under static-bending to investigate the effect of CRS spacing and span-to-depth (\( a/d \)) ratio, respectively on the shear behaviour of the HPCCSs. It was found that the CRS enhanced the structural performance of HPCCSs by changing the shear crack path. The narrower CRS spacing provided better interaction between the CRS and the concrete as the flanges interlock better with most of the surrounding concrete, and exhibited higher normalised shear strength than the wider spacing panels. The contribution of CRS in shear was constant but increased in bending with the increase of \( a/d \) ratio. The finite-element-analysis confirmed that the CRS contributed highly in resisting the shear of the HPCCSs. Finally, empirical model was developed to predict shear load-capacity by considering the contribution of the CRS and \( a/d \) ratio of this new type of HPCCSs.

ACS Style

Usama Al-Fakher; Allan Manalo; Wahid Ferdous; Omar Alajarmeh; Thiru Aravinthan; Yan Zhuge; Yu Bai; Azam Edoo. Shear behaviour of hollow precast concrete-composite structures. Materials and Structures 2021, 54, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Usama Al-Fakher, Allan Manalo, Wahid Ferdous, Omar Alajarmeh, Thiru Aravinthan, Yan Zhuge, Yu Bai, Azam Edoo. Shear behaviour of hollow precast concrete-composite structures. Materials and Structures. 2021; 54 (2):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usama Al-Fakher; Allan Manalo; Wahid Ferdous; Omar Alajarmeh; Thiru Aravinthan; Yan Zhuge; Yu Bai; Azam Edoo. 2021. "Shear behaviour of hollow precast concrete-composite structures." Materials and Structures 54, no. 2: 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in Structures
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This study investigated the axial behaviour of precast concrete panels with hollow composite reinforcing systems (CRSs). These systems were provided to create voids, reduce the concrete and the self-weight of the panels. Thirteen specimens representing the unit width of a precast concrete panel were prepared and tested under concentric axial compression to investigate the effects of CRS spacing and slenderness ratio. From the experimental results, introducing the hollow core did not affect the stiffness of the panels due to the relatively small area of the hollow core at the middle of the section, while the axial capacity was reduced by 11%. On the other hand, the CRS increased the axial strength capacity and stiffness of the hollow panels by 70% and 71%, respectively as it provided additional reinforcement and stabilised the concrete core. Furthermore, narrower CRS spacing provided better structural performance than wider spacing due to the higher efficiency of the CRS and its flanges in holding together the cracked concrete. Moreover, the axial stiffness provided by the CRS prevented the global buckling failure of slender panels. Finally, a theoretical model was developed to predict axial load capacity by considering the contribution of the CRS and slenderness of the panels.

ACS Style

Usama Al-Fakher; Allan Manalo; Omar Alajarmeh; Thiru Aravinthan; Yan Zhuge; Yu Bai; Azam Edoo. Axial behaviour of precast concrete panels with hollow composite reinforcing systems. Structures 2021, 32, 76 -86.

AMA Style

Usama Al-Fakher, Allan Manalo, Omar Alajarmeh, Thiru Aravinthan, Yan Zhuge, Yu Bai, Azam Edoo. Axial behaviour of precast concrete panels with hollow composite reinforcing systems. Structures. 2021; 32 ():76-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usama Al-Fakher; Allan Manalo; Omar Alajarmeh; Thiru Aravinthan; Yan Zhuge; Yu Bai; Azam Edoo. 2021. "Axial behaviour of precast concrete panels with hollow composite reinforcing systems." Structures 32, no. : 76-86.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Thin-Walled Structures
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A novel form of thin-walled composite beams has been developed by bonding cold-formed steel (CFS) and engineered cementitious composites (ECC). Apart from the superior material strength and ductility of CFS and ECC, the proposed CFS/ECC composite system also benefits from the lightweight concept of thin-walled sections and improved buckling performance due to the ECC restraints on CFS. An experimental study, utilising cold-formed steel sections with a yield strength of 450 MPa and engineered cementitious composites with an ultimate tensile strength of 7 MPa, was conducted to investigate the improvement of the innovated structural system over the traditional CFS structures. Two series of composite CFS/ECC beams, namely, short- and long-span Series, were prepared and tested to monitor the shear and flexural behaviours of the novel composite system. Three locations of thin-layered ECC; outside, inside, and in–out of the CFS section were proposed to determine the perfect composite action between ECC and CFS. The load capacity of the composite beams (ECC—in composite beams) increased to eight times those of the bare CFS members in the short-span Series and up to four times in the long-span Series. The failure modes of the novel composite beams were more ductile compared to the bare CFS. Numerical modelling was conducted and validated using the results obtained from the experimental study. This FE model was employed in a small-scale parametric study to investigate the influence of beam spans on the structural behaviour of the composite CFS/ECC beams.

ACS Style

Ahmed Sheta; Xing Ma; Yan Zhuge; Mohamed A. ElGawady; Julie E. Mills; Ashesh Singh; El-Sayed Abd-Elaal. Structural performance of novel thin-walled composite cold-formed steel/PE-ECC beams. Thin-Walled Structures 2021, 162, 107586 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Sheta, Xing Ma, Yan Zhuge, Mohamed A. ElGawady, Julie E. Mills, Ashesh Singh, El-Sayed Abd-Elaal. Structural performance of novel thin-walled composite cold-formed steel/PE-ECC beams. Thin-Walled Structures. 2021; 162 ():107586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Sheta; Xing Ma; Yan Zhuge; Mohamed A. ElGawady; Julie E. Mills; Ashesh Singh; El-Sayed Abd-Elaal. 2021. "Structural performance of novel thin-walled composite cold-formed steel/PE-ECC beams." Thin-Walled Structures 162, no. : 107586.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2021 in Engineering Structures
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The confinement mechanism of concrete fully confined with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jacket (FRP jacketed concrete) is different from that of concrete partially confined with FRP (i.e., FRP ring-confined concrete and FRP tie-confined concrete) in that the confinement in the latter is non-uniform along the longitudinal direction. In order to build a bridge between FRP jacketed concrete and FRP ring/tie-confined concrete, the current design of concrete confined with FRP rings/ties relies on the “arching action” assumption, which is not necessarily accurate as it was proposed for concrete confined with steel stirrups. Moreover, the arching action assumption usually adopts a hypothesis that the arching action angle equals to 45°, which has not been verified by any theoretical or experimental evidence. To this end, a revised analysis model has been implemented in an advanced finite element (FE) approach to study the axial stress distributions in concrete confined with FRP rings. The stress distribution at the center level of two adjacent FRP rings/ties is obtained, and the relationship between the arching action angle and controlling parameters (i.e., unconfined concrete strength, FRP width, FRP thickness and clear spacing of FRP rings) is established based on a proposed theoretical model of arching action angle. A new confinement effectiveness coefficient is then proposed, leading to a much more reliable prediction of the FRP ring-confined concrete in circular columns. The results presented in the current study can be easily extended to the concrete columns internally reinforced with FRP ties/spiral.

ACS Style

Jun-Jie Zeng; Shu-Peng Chen; Yan Zhuge; Wan-Yang Gao; Zhi-Jian Duan; Yong-Chang Guo. Three-dimensional finite element modeling and theoretical analysis of concrete confined with FRP rings. Engineering Structures 2021, 234, 111966 .

AMA Style

Jun-Jie Zeng, Shu-Peng Chen, Yan Zhuge, Wan-Yang Gao, Zhi-Jian Duan, Yong-Chang Guo. Three-dimensional finite element modeling and theoretical analysis of concrete confined with FRP rings. Engineering Structures. 2021; 234 ():111966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun-Jie Zeng; Shu-Peng Chen; Yan Zhuge; Wan-Yang Gao; Zhi-Jian Duan; Yong-Chang Guo. 2021. "Three-dimensional finite element modeling and theoretical analysis of concrete confined with FRP rings." Engineering Structures 234, no. : 111966.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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The generation of sludge originated from water treatment plants is a global problem due to the risks of the sludge to the environment. Therefore, drinking water treatment sludge has been investigated and used as a recycled construction material owing to its properties similar to clay. In this study, mortars with 0%, 5%, and 10% of sand replaced by alum-sludge were manufactured, which include a group that was treated at elevated temperature to eliminate organic content in the sludge and to activate its pozzolanic reactivity. Mechanical properties were assessed, and the mixtures incorporating treated sludge exhibited improved compressive strength compared to those untreated. A significant increase in bond strength between mortar and bricks was observed for mortar with 10% of treated sludge compared with the control group without sludge. Treatment of sludge also helped to decrease the considerable shrinkage of untreated-modified mortars. The water absorption of mortar incorporating treated sludge is also lower than that of mortar with untreated sludge due to dense microstructure, especially owing to an improved interface between treated sludge and cement matrix as demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope. However, sludge treatment increased the pore interconnectivity in the mortar, leading to higher water capillary absorption.

ACS Style

Phuong Ngoc Pham; Weiwei Duan; Yan Zhuge; Yue Liu; Ismael Esteban Serna Tormo. Properties of mortar incorporating untreated and treated drinking water treatment sludge. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 280, 122558 .

AMA Style

Phuong Ngoc Pham, Weiwei Duan, Yan Zhuge, Yue Liu, Ismael Esteban Serna Tormo. Properties of mortar incorporating untreated and treated drinking water treatment sludge. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 280 ():122558.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phuong Ngoc Pham; Weiwei Duan; Yan Zhuge; Yue Liu; Ismael Esteban Serna Tormo. 2021. "Properties of mortar incorporating untreated and treated drinking water treatment sludge." Construction and Building Materials 280, no. : 122558.

Review article
Published: 13 February 2021 in Engineering Structures
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Rubberised concrete is an eco-friendly material with reasonable mechanical strengths for potential civil engineering applications. Recent research has proved that rubberised concrete has superior properties at high strain rates such as dynamic compressive strength, dynamic splitting tensile strength, dynamic flexural strength, impact and collision resistance, repeated and reversed cyclic loads, and seismic loads. This paper presents in depth classification and summary of over ninety published articles on rubberised concrete dynamic properties and its structural applications where the dynamic properties are dominant and high strength of concrete is not necessary. The results show that structural applications such as reinforced concrete slabs, columns, beams, and walls with rubberised concrete exhibit better performance under high velocity impact and collision, bullet resistance, and blast loads compared with traditional concrete. In addition, rubberised concrete has high sensitivity to strain loading rates, high energy dissipation and ductile performance under dynamic loads compared to traditional concrete. A significant improvement in the behaviour of structural members under cyclic and seismic loads, including ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation was observed. On the other hand, the reduction in load carrying capacity is significantly smaller than the reduction in the concrete strength of rubberised concrete compared with traditional concrete.

ACS Style

Essam Eltayeb; Xing Ma; Yan Zhuge; Jianzhuang Xiao; Osama Youssf. Dynamic performance of rubberised concrete and its structural applications – An overview. Engineering Structures 2021, 234, 111990 .

AMA Style

Essam Eltayeb, Xing Ma, Yan Zhuge, Jianzhuang Xiao, Osama Youssf. Dynamic performance of rubberised concrete and its structural applications – An overview. Engineering Structures. 2021; 234 ():111990.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Essam Eltayeb; Xing Ma; Yan Zhuge; Jianzhuang Xiao; Osama Youssf. 2021. "Dynamic performance of rubberised concrete and its structural applications – An overview." Engineering Structures 234, no. : 111990.