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The use of technology to optimize the production and management of each individual animal is becoming key to good farming. There is a need for the real-time systematic detection and control of disease in animals in order to limit the impact on animal welfare and food supply. Diseases such as footrot and mastitis cause significant pain in sheep, and so early detection is vital to ensuring effective treatment and preventing the spread across the flock. Facial expression scoring to assess pain in humans and non-humans is now well utilized, and the Sheep Pain Facial Expression Scale (SPFES) is a tool that can reliably detect pain in this species. The SPFES currently requires manual scoring, leaving it open to observer bias, and it is also time-consuming. The ability of a computer to automatically detect and direct a producer as to where assessment and treatment are needed would increase the chances of controlling the spread of disease. It would also aid in the prevention of resistance across the individual, farm, and landscape at both national and international levels. In this paper, we present our framework for an integrated novel system based on techniques originally applied for human facial expression recognition that could be implemented at the farm level. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that this technology has been applied to sheep to assess pain.
Krista McLennan; Marwa Mahmoud. Development of an Automated Pain Facial Expression Detection System for Sheep (Ovis Aries). Animals 2019, 9, 196 .
AMA StyleKrista McLennan, Marwa Mahmoud. Development of an Automated Pain Facial Expression Detection System for Sheep (Ovis Aries). Animals. 2019; 9 (4):196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrista McLennan; Marwa Mahmoud. 2019. "Development of an Automated Pain Facial Expression Detection System for Sheep (Ovis Aries)." Animals 9, no. 4: 196.
This paper presents a novel feature set for shape-only leaf identification motivated by real-world, mobile deployment. The feature set includes basic shape features, as well as signal features extracted from local area integral invariants (LAIIs), similar to curvature maps, at multiple scales. The proposed methodology is evaluated on a number of publicly available leaf datasets with comparable results to existing methods which make use of colour and texture features in addition to shape. Over 90% classification accuracy is achieved on most datasets, with top-four accuracy for these datasets reaching over 98%. Rotation and scale invariance of the proposed features are demonstrated, along with an evaluation of the generalisability of the approach for generic shape matching.
Charlie Hewitt; Marwa Mahmoud. Shape-only Features for Plant Leaf Identification. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleCharlie Hewitt, Marwa Mahmoud. Shape-only Features for Plant Leaf Identification. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharlie Hewitt; Marwa Mahmoud. 2018. "Shape-only Features for Plant Leaf Identification." , no. : 1.
‘‘Serious games” are becoming extremely relevant to individuals who have specific needs, such as children with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Often, individuals with an ASC have difficulties in interpreting verbal and nonverbal communication cues during social interactions. The ASC-Inclusion EU-FP7 funded project aims to provide children who have an ASC with a platform to learn emotion expression and recognition, through play in the virtual world. In particular, the ASC-Inclusion platform focuses on the expression of emotion via facial, vocal, and bodily gestures. The platform combines multiple analysis tools, using onboard microphone and webcam capabilities. The platform utilizes these capabilities via training games, text-based communication, animations, video, and audio clips. This paper introduces current findings and evaluations of the ASC-Inclusion platform and provides detailed description for the different modalities.
Erik Marchi; Tadas Baltrusaitis; Andra Adams; Marwa Mahmoud; Ofer Golan; Shimrit Fridenson-Hayo; Shahar Tal; Shai Newman; Noga Meir-Goren; Antonio Camurri; Stefano Piana; Bjorn Schuller; Sven Bolte; Metin Sezgin; Nese Alyuz; Agnieszka Rynkiewicz; Aurelie Baranger; Alice Baird; Simon Baron-Cohen; Amandine Lassalle; Helen O'reilly; Delia Pigat; Peter Robinson; Ian Davies; Bjoern Schuller; Sven Boelte. The ASC-Inclusion Perceptual Serious Gaming Platform for Autistic Children. IEEE Transactions on Games 2018, 11, 328 -339.
AMA StyleErik Marchi, Tadas Baltrusaitis, Andra Adams, Marwa Mahmoud, Ofer Golan, Shimrit Fridenson-Hayo, Shahar Tal, Shai Newman, Noga Meir-Goren, Antonio Camurri, Stefano Piana, Bjorn Schuller, Sven Bolte, Metin Sezgin, Nese Alyuz, Agnieszka Rynkiewicz, Aurelie Baranger, Alice Baird, Simon Baron-Cohen, Amandine Lassalle, Helen O'reilly, Delia Pigat, Peter Robinson, Ian Davies, Bjoern Schuller, Sven Boelte. The ASC-Inclusion Perceptual Serious Gaming Platform for Autistic Children. IEEE Transactions on Games. 2018; 11 (4):328-339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErik Marchi; Tadas Baltrusaitis; Andra Adams; Marwa Mahmoud; Ofer Golan; Shimrit Fridenson-Hayo; Shahar Tal; Shai Newman; Noga Meir-Goren; Antonio Camurri; Stefano Piana; Bjorn Schuller; Sven Bolte; Metin Sezgin; Nese Alyuz; Agnieszka Rynkiewicz; Aurelie Baranger; Alice Baird; Simon Baron-Cohen; Amandine Lassalle; Helen O'reilly; Delia Pigat; Peter Robinson; Ian Davies; Bjoern Schuller; Sven Boelte. 2018. "The ASC-Inclusion Perceptual Serious Gaming Platform for Autistic Children." IEEE Transactions on Games 11, no. 4: 328-339.
Bihao Wang; Marwa Mahmoud; Javier Echevarría Cuesta; Hannah Close; Quentin Stafford-Fraser; Peter Robinson. Enhanced Traffic Simulation for Improved Realism in Driving Simulators. Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications 2018, 170 -174.
AMA StyleBihao Wang, Marwa Mahmoud, Javier Echevarría Cuesta, Hannah Close, Quentin Stafford-Fraser, Peter Robinson. Enhanced Traffic Simulation for Improved Realism in Driving Simulators. Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. 2018; ():170-174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBihao Wang; Marwa Mahmoud; Javier Echevarría Cuesta; Hannah Close; Quentin Stafford-Fraser; Peter Robinson. 2018. "Enhanced Traffic Simulation for Improved Realism in Driving Simulators." Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications , no. : 170-174.
Assessing pain levels in animals is a crucial but time-consuming process in maintaining their welfare. Facial expressions in sheep are an efficient and reliable indicator of pain levels. We have extended techniques for recognising human facial expressions to analyse facial expressions of sheep, which can then facilitate automatic estimation of pain levels. In this chapter we describe our multilevel approach that starts with detection of sheep faces in an image, localisation of facial landmarks, normalisation and then extraction of facial features. Using machine learning methods, we then estimate the pain level from the detected change in the facial expressions. Our sheep face detection approach has been shown to be robust in detecting sheep faces in images containing many sheep, in different lighting conditions and with reasonable variation in viewpoints. We argue that our approach to automated pain level assessment can be generalised to other animals.
Marwa Mahmoud; Yiting Lu; Xijie Hou; Krista McLennan; Peter Robinson. Estimation of Pain in Sheep Using Computer Vision. Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care 2018, 145 -157.
AMA StyleMarwa Mahmoud, Yiting Lu, Xijie Hou, Krista McLennan, Peter Robinson. Estimation of Pain in Sheep Using Computer Vision. Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care. 2018; ():145-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarwa Mahmoud; Yiting Lu; Xijie Hou; Krista McLennan; Peter Robinson. 2018. "Estimation of Pain in Sheep Using Computer Vision." Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care , no. : 145-157.
Current navigational systems rarely consider generic road landmarks in their navigation instructions, which can lead to mistakes, frustration, and distraction. However, automatic detection of road landmarks is difficult, as current approaches to object detection focus either on out-of-context objects which have special characteristics or on very specific domains. This work presents a future direction for a user-friendly navigational system based on state-of-the-art computer vision techniques that use deep learning for object detection. We propose an automatic hierarchical approach for detecting and classifying a set of static and dynamic road landmarks that would be useful in automatic navigational systems. We further demonstrate a set of optimisations that improve performance and accuracy of the basic system. We evaluate our approach on a natural, 'in-the-wild' dataset to determine how well it handles natural automotive input. Finally, we demonstrate a use-case for our system that extracts information about a vehicle's location and intention.
Olivia Wiles; Marwa Mahmoud; Peter Robinson; Eduardo Dias; Lee Skrypchuk. Towards a User-Centric In-Vehicle Navigational System. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Arts 2016, 27 -34.
AMA StyleOlivia Wiles, Marwa Mahmoud, Peter Robinson, Eduardo Dias, Lee Skrypchuk. Towards a User-Centric In-Vehicle Navigational System. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Arts. 2016; ():27-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlivia Wiles; Marwa Mahmoud; Peter Robinson; Eduardo Dias; Lee Skrypchuk. 2016. "Towards a User-Centric In-Vehicle Navigational System." Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Arts , no. : 27-34.
Marwa Mahmoud; Peter Robinson. Towards automatic analysis of gestures and body expressions in depression. Proceedings of the 10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleMarwa Mahmoud, Peter Robinson. Towards automatic analysis of gestures and body expressions in depression. Proceedings of the 10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarwa Mahmoud; Peter Robinson. 2016. "Towards automatic analysis of gestures and body expressions in depression." Proceedings of the 10th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare , no. : 1.
Marwa Mahmoud; Louis-Philippe Morency; Peter Robinson. Automatic multimodal descriptors of rhythmic body movement. Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction - ICMI '13 2013, 429 -436.
AMA StyleMarwa Mahmoud, Louis-Philippe Morency, Peter Robinson. Automatic multimodal descriptors of rhythmic body movement. Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction - ICMI '13. 2013; ():429-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarwa Mahmoud; Louis-Philippe Morency; Peter Robinson. 2013. "Automatic multimodal descriptors of rhythmic body movement." Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction - ICMI '13 , no. : 429-436.
Marwa M. Mahmoud; Tadas Baltrusaitis; Peter Robinson. Crowdsouring in emotion studies across time and culture. Proceedings of the ACM multimedia 2012 workshop on Crowdsourcing for multimedia - CrowdMM '12 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleMarwa M. Mahmoud, Tadas Baltrusaitis, Peter Robinson. Crowdsouring in emotion studies across time and culture. Proceedings of the ACM multimedia 2012 workshop on Crowdsourcing for multimedia - CrowdMM '12. 2012; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarwa M. Mahmoud; Tadas Baltrusaitis; Peter Robinson. 2012. "Crowdsouring in emotion studies across time and culture." Proceedings of the ACM multimedia 2012 workshop on Crowdsourcing for multimedia - CrowdMM '12 , no. : 1.