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Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient, both as a component of several important plant structural compounds and as a catalyst in the conversion of numerous important biochemical reactions in plants. The soil Olsen P (OP) level is an important factor affecting crop production and P-use efficiency (PUE). We tested the effect of six OP levels and P doses on maize yield, where the P doses were 0, 22, 44, 59, 73, and 117 kg P2O5 ha−1, with three replications, from 2017 to 2019. The response of crop yield to the OP level can be divided into two parts, below 28 mg kg−1 and above 28 mg kg−1. The change point between the two parts was determined as the agronomic critical level for maize crops in the study area. The PUE (%) increased with soil OP levels and decreased with P fertilizer application rates. In addition, results for the low P application rate (P2), 22 kg P2O5 ha−1, showed that PUE significantly increased with an increase in the soil OP level compared with PUE at a low OP level (OP1), 0 kg P2O5 ha−1. The PUE value increased by 49.5%, 40.1%, and 32.4% at a high OP level (OP6) in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, compared to that at a low OP level (OP1). At the same OP levels, in all three years, the PUE at a high P application rate (P6) decreased significantly, in the range of 62.8% to 78.7%, compared to that at a low P application rate (P2). Under an average deficit of 100 kg ha−1 P, the OP level of the soil in all three years decreased by 3.9 mg kg−1 in the treatment without P addition (P1) and increased by 2.4–3.5 mg kg−1 in the P treatments for each 100 kg ha−1 P surplus. A phosphorus application rate of 44 kg P2O5 ha−1 and an OP level of 28 mg kg−1 are sufficient to obtain an optimum yield, increase the PUE, and reduce environmental hazards in the study area in northeastern China.
Khalid Ibrahim; Qiong Wang; Le Wang; Weiwei Zhang; Chang Peng; Shuxiang Zhang. Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5983 .
AMA StyleKhalid Ibrahim, Qiong Wang, Le Wang, Weiwei Zhang, Chang Peng, Shuxiang Zhang. Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5983.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalid Ibrahim; Qiong Wang; Le Wang; Weiwei Zhang; Chang Peng; Shuxiang Zhang. 2021. "Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5983.
Wei-Wei Zhang; Xiao-Ying Zhan; Shu-Xiang Zhang; Khalid Ibrahim; Ming-Gang Xu. Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019, 18, 667 -676.
AMA StyleWei-Wei Zhang, Xiao-Ying Zhan, Shu-Xiang Zhang, Khalid Ibrahim, Ming-Gang Xu. Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2019; 18 (3):667-676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Wei Zhang; Xiao-Ying Zhan; Shu-Xiang Zhang; Khalid Ibrahim; Ming-Gang Xu. 2019. "Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, no. 3: 667-676.