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Wenliang Ju
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Journal article
Published: 26 May 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Heavy metal contaminates have become a significant threat to soil ecosystems due to their chronicity and universality in soil. Soil microbial metabolism plays a vital role in biogeochemical cycles and soil functions. However, the response of microbial metabolism to heavy metal contamination in soil remains elusive despite potentially offering important insight into the health and ecological consequences of soil ecosystems under such contamination. This study used extracellular enzyme stoichiometry models to identify the response of microbial metabolism to various heavy metal contaminants, while also revealing potential implications of heavy metal contaminates in soil ecosystems. Results showed that microbial metabolism was restricted by soil carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) within a heavy metal polluted area in Northwest China. Heavy metal stress significantly increased microbial C limitation while decreasing microbial P limitation. However, microbial C and P limitations both responded consistently to different heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu). Heavy metals had the greatest effect on microbial C limitation (i.e., 0.720 of the total effects) compared to other soil properties, and soil with the lowest heavy metal concentration exhibited the lowest microbial C limitation, and vice versa. These results indicated that microbial metabolic limitation can robustly and sensitively reflect the degree of heavy metals pollution in soil. Additionally, increased microbial C limitation caused by heavy metal contaminants could potentially escalate C release by promoting soil C decomposition as well as increasing investments in enzyme production and the maintenance of metabolic processes. Consequently, potential C loss induced by heavy metal pollution on soil ecosystems may be extensive and significant. Generally, our results suggest the usefulness of extracellular enzyme stoichiometry as a new method from which to evaluate heavy metal soil pollution, while microbial metabolic limitation could potentially be a promising indicator.

ACS Style

Xia Wang; Yongxing Cui; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. A novel extracellular enzyme stoichiometry method to evaluate soil heavy metal contamination: Evidence derived from microbial metabolic limitation. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 738, 139709 .

AMA Style

Xia Wang, Yongxing Cui, Xingchang Zhang, Wenliang Ju, Chengjiao Duan, Yunqiang Wang, Linchuan Fang. A novel extracellular enzyme stoichiometry method to evaluate soil heavy metal contamination: Evidence derived from microbial metabolic limitation. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 738 ():139709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xia Wang; Yongxing Cui; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "A novel extracellular enzyme stoichiometry method to evaluate soil heavy metal contamination: Evidence derived from microbial metabolic limitation." Science of The Total Environment 738, no. : 139709.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N2O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified. To investigate the influence of different fertilization management measures on N2O emissions in tea garden soil, a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted. Five treatments were designed for this experiment: control (CK), urea (U), rapeseed cake (R), urea + rapeseed cake (2:1, UR1), and urea + rapeseed cake (1:2, UR2). N2O emission flux in the R treatment peaked at 14.12 μg kg−1 h−1 on day 19, which occurred later than the UR1, UR2, and U treatments. Cumulative N2O emissions from the R and UR2 treatments were 6073 and 4296 μg kg−1, respectively, which were greater by a factor of 11.2 and 7.9, respectively, compared to the U treatment. Moreover, N2O emissions of the UR1 and UR2 treatments were significantly lower than the R treatment. Additionally, N2O emissions were also significantly positively correlated to pH levels and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. MBC content had the most direct and greatest influence on soil N2O emissions, indicating that MBC could be the key limiting factor for N2O emissions in this experiment. A single application of rapeseed cake caused an increase in N2O emissions, whereas the combined application of rapeseed cake and a synthetic N fertilizer (urea) caused a decrease in N2O emissions. Results from this study offer potential strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions from tea garden agroecosystems through improved field fertilization management.

ACS Style

Jialuo Yu; Shan Lin; Muhammad Shaaban; Wenliang Ju; Linchuan Fang. Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2020, 20, 3330 -3339.

AMA Style

Jialuo Yu, Shan Lin, Muhammad Shaaban, Wenliang Ju, Linchuan Fang. Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2020; 20 (9):3330-3339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jialuo Yu; Shan Lin; Muhammad Shaaban; Wenliang Ju; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 9: 3330-3339.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2020 in Environmental Pollution
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Being signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can mediate a wide range of physiological processes caused by plant metal toxicity. Moreover, legume-rhizobium symbiosis has gained increasing attention in mitigating heavy metal stress. However, systematic regulatory mechanisms used for the exogenous application of signaling molecules to alter the resistance of legume-rhizobium symbiosis under metal stress are currently unknown. In this study, we examined the exogenous effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as an NO donor additive and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) as a H2S donor additive on the phytotoxicity and soil quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)-rhizobium symbiosis in lead/cadmium (Pb/Cd)-contaminated soils. Results showed that rhizobia inoculation markedly promoted alfalfa growth by increasing chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and plant height and biomass. Compared to the inoculated rhizobia treatment alone, the addition of NO and H2S significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd in alfalfa-rhizobium symbiosis, respectively, thus avoiding the phytotoxicity caused by the excessive presence of metals. The addition of signaling molecules also alleviated metal-induced phytotoxicity by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibiting the level of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. Also, signaling molecules improved soil nutrient cycling, increased soil enzyme activities, and promoted rhizosphere bacterial community diversity. Both partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and variation partitioning analysis (VPA) identified that using signaling molecules can improve plant growth by regulating major controlling variables (i.e., soil enzymes, soil nutrients, and microbial diversity/plant oxidative damage) in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. This study offers integrated insight that confirms that the exogenous application of signaling molecules can enhance the resistance of legume-rhizobium symbiosis under metal toxicity by regulating the biochemical response of the plant-soil system, thereby minimizing potential health risks.

ACS Style

Linchuan Fang; Wenliang Ju; Congli Yang; Xiaolian Jin; Dongdong Liu; Mengdi Li; Jialuo Yu; Wei Zhao; Chao Zhang. Exogenous application of signaling molecules to enhance the resistance of legume-rhizobium symbiosis in Pb/Cd-contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution 2020, 265, 114744 .

AMA Style

Linchuan Fang, Wenliang Ju, Congli Yang, Xiaolian Jin, Dongdong Liu, Mengdi Li, Jialuo Yu, Wei Zhao, Chao Zhang. Exogenous application of signaling molecules to enhance the resistance of legume-rhizobium symbiosis in Pb/Cd-contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 265 ():114744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linchuan Fang; Wenliang Ju; Congli Yang; Xiaolian Jin; Dongdong Liu; Mengdi Li; Jialuo Yu; Wei Zhao; Chao Zhang. 2020. "Exogenous application of signaling molecules to enhance the resistance of legume-rhizobium symbiosis in Pb/Cd-contaminated soils." Environmental Pollution 265, no. : 114744.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Soil Biology and Biochemistry
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Revegetation of semiarid lands depends upon soil microbial communities to supply nutrients for successive plant species, but microbial activity can be constrained by insufficient water. The objective of this study was to quantify the metabolic limitation of microbes by extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry, and to determine how this affected microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) with biogeochemical equilibrium model. The study occurred in long-term revegetation experiment with seven successional stages (0, 11, 35, 60, 100, 130 and 150 years) in the Loess Plateau, China. Microbes maintained stoichiometric homeostasis in all successional stages, but plants did not. Microbial metabolism was limited by low soil phosphorus (P) concentration throughout the succession, whereas plants were limited by low soil P during the late successional stages (from 60 to 150 years) only. An increase in soil moisture during succession was associated with greater P limitation in microbes and plants. There was less microbial P limitation at the 35-year successional stage, and the greatest microbial P limitation occurred at the 130-year successional stage. The microbial C limitation followed a unimodal pattern through the vegetation succession and reached a maximum at 100 years of succession (the early forest stage). This coincided with the lowest microbial CUE at 100 years of succession (CUE was from 0.24 to 0.41), suggesting a change in the physiological responses from microbes (such as enzyme synthesis and the priming effect), that tended to reduce soil C sequestration. Our results indicate that soil moisture regulated microbial C and P metabolism during the vegetation succession in this semiarid region, which has implications for understanding how microbial metabolism affects soil C dynamics under vegetation restoration.

ACS Style

Yongxing Cui; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Xiaobin Guo; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2020, 147, 107814 .

AMA Style

Yongxing Cui, Xia Wang, Xingchang Zhang, Wenliang Ju, Chengjiao Duan, Xiaobin Guo, Yunqiang Wang, Linchuan Fang. Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2020; 147 ():107814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongxing Cui; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Xiaobin Guo; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 147, no. : 107814.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Chemosphere
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Chelants application can increase the bioavailability of metals, subsequently limiting plant growth and reducing the efficiency of phytoremediation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and rhizobium have substantial potential to improve plant growth and plant tolerance to metal stress. We evaluated the effects of co-inoculation with a PGPR strain (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) and a Cu-resistant rhizobium strain (Sinorhizobium meliloti) on the efficiency of biodegradable chelant (S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid; EDDS) assisted phytoremediation of a Cu contaminated soil using alfalfa. The highest total Cu extraction by alfalfa was observed in the EDDS-treated soil upon co-inoculation with the PGPR and rhizobium strains, which was 1.2 times higher than that without co-inoculation. Partial least squares path modeling identified plant oxidative damage and soil microbial biomass as the key variables influencing Cu uptake by alfalfa roots. Co-inoculation significantly reduced the oxidative damage to alfalfa by mitigating the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, and improving the antioxidation capacity of the plant in the presence of EDDS. EDDS application decreased microbial diversity in the rhizosphere, whereas co-inoculation increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and microbial community diversity. Increased relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Bacillus and the presence of Firmicutes taxa as potential biomarkers demonstrated that co-inoculation increased soil nutrient content, and improved plant growth. Co-inoculation with PGPR and rhizobium can be useful for altering plant–soil biochemical responses during EDDS-enhanced phytoremediation to alleviate phytotoxicity of heavy metals and improve soil biochemical activities. This study provides an effective strategy for improving phytoremediation efficiency and soil quality during chelant assisted phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils.

ACS Style

Wenliang Ju; Lei Liu; Xiaolian Jin; Chengjiao Duan; Yongxing Cui; Jie Wang; Dengke Ma; Wei Zhao; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. Co-inoculation effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on EDDS assisted phytoremediation of Cu contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2020, 254, 126724 .

AMA Style

Wenliang Ju, Lei Liu, Xiaolian Jin, Chengjiao Duan, Yongxing Cui, Jie Wang, Dengke Ma, Wei Zhao, Yunqiang Wang, Linchuan Fang. Co-inoculation effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on EDDS assisted phytoremediation of Cu contaminated soils. Chemosphere. 2020; 254 ():126724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenliang Ju; Lei Liu; Xiaolian Jin; Chengjiao Duan; Yongxing Cui; Jie Wang; Dengke Ma; Wei Zhao; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Co-inoculation effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on EDDS assisted phytoremediation of Cu contaminated soils." Chemosphere 254, no. : 126724.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Soil and Tillage Research
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Variations in soil microbial metabolism currently represent one of the greatest areas of uncertainty with regard to soil nutrient cycles and the control of terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) loss and are poorly understood in agricultural ecosystems with intensive farming practices. In this study, extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry models and quantitative PCR techniques were used to examine microbial metabolic limitation and its relationship with N-cycling gene expression in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems considering four N fertilization levels (N 0, N 100, N 250, and N 400 kg N ha−1) and two agronomic strategies (film mulching and no mulching). Film mulching increased microbial C limitation (reflecting microbial C metabolism size; 0.189 of the total effects), while very small effects on microbial phosphorus (P) limitation were observed (-0.007 of the total effects). N fertilization increased the microbial demand for P (microbial P limitation; 0.504 of the total effects). Increased microbial C metabolism was mainly attributed to increased soil moisture content after film mulching, which enhanced microbial decomposition of organic C (high C-acquiring enzyme activities). Changes in nutrient stoichiometry and the increase in N availability due to N fertilization were largely responsible for increased microbial P limitation. Furthermore, microbial P limitation negatively affected the abundance of AOA amoA, AOB amoA (involved in nitrification), nirK, nirS, nosZ (involved in denitrification) genes, strongly inhibiting nitrification and denitrification potential (-0.743 and -0.761 of the total effects, respectively). The present results suggest that agricultural ecosystems with film mulching are conducive to organic residue decomposition, while appropriate P limitation under N fertilization could reduce the loss of N due to nitrification and denitrification in soil. This study highlights the importance of elemental stoichiometry-driven microbial metabolic variation in understanding soil nutrient cycles and optimizing agricultural practices.

ACS Style

Yongxing Cui; Yanle Zhang; Chengjiao Duan; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Hansong Chen; Shanchao Yue; Yunqiang Wang; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation decreases the nitrogen cycling potential of soils in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research 2020, 197, 104463 .

AMA Style

Yongxing Cui, Yanle Zhang, Chengjiao Duan, Xia Wang, Xingchang Zhang, Wenliang Ju, Hansong Chen, Shanchao Yue, Yunqiang Wang, Shiqing Li, Linchuan Fang. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation decreases the nitrogen cycling potential of soils in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research. 2020; 197 ():104463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongxing Cui; Yanle Zhang; Chengjiao Duan; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Hansong Chen; Shanchao Yue; Yunqiang Wang; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation decreases the nitrogen cycling potential of soils in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems." Soil and Tillage Research 197, no. : 104463.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Applied Soil Ecology
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and rhizobia are potentially advantageous in improving plant growth in heavy metal contaminated soils. However, only limited information is available in literature on the manner through which the co-inoculation of PGPR and rhizobia can potentially supply nutrients to benefit plant growth in heavy metal contaminated soil. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus (PGPR) and Sinorhizobium meliloti (rhizobia) co-inoculation on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass in copper (Cu) contaminated soil planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Moreover, we assessed soil bacterial community structure using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that PGPR and/or rhizobia inoculation improved alfalfa growth. In particular, we found that this co-inoculation approach decreased Cu accumulation (48.6%) in shoots compared to the control (uninoculated). Both partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and the relative importance of regressors in the linear models identified that enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and microbial community structure in Cu contaminated soil were major controlling variables of soil nutrient availability. The co-inoculation treatment significantly increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations by increasing urease (55.6%), saccharase (29.5%), and β-glucosidase (31.4%) activities compared to the control. Furthermore, the rhizosphere microbial community structure in the co-inoculation treatment was mainly regulated by soil N concentrations (i.e., both total N and available N) while altering alpha diversity (α-diversity). The relative abundances of Firmicutes (including biomarkers of the Bacillus genus) and Acidobacteria were enriched in the co-inoculated treatment, which can potentially improve soil nutrient availability and subsequently benefit plant growth. These findings indicated that the co-inoculation of PGPR and rhizobia plays an important role in promoting plant growth in Cu contaminated soil. This is because this approach can increase soil nutrient availability by enhancing soil enzyme activities and regulating rhizosphere microbial community structure.

ACS Style

Wenliang Ju; Xiaolian Jin; Lei Liu; Guoting Shen; Wei Zhao; Chengjiao Duan; Linchuan Fang. Rhizobacteria inoculation benefits nutrient availability for phytostabilization in copper contaminated soil: Drivers from bacterial community structures in rhizosphere. Applied Soil Ecology 2019, 150, 103450 .

AMA Style

Wenliang Ju, Xiaolian Jin, Lei Liu, Guoting Shen, Wei Zhao, Chengjiao Duan, Linchuan Fang. Rhizobacteria inoculation benefits nutrient availability for phytostabilization in copper contaminated soil: Drivers from bacterial community structures in rhizosphere. Applied Soil Ecology. 2019; 150 ():103450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenliang Ju; Xiaolian Jin; Lei Liu; Guoting Shen; Wei Zhao; Chengjiao Duan; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Rhizobacteria inoculation benefits nutrient availability for phytostabilization in copper contaminated soil: Drivers from bacterial community structures in rhizosphere." Applied Soil Ecology 150, no. : 103450.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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The utilization of forages grown on metal-contaminated soil can increase the risk of heavy metals entering the food chain and affecting human health because of elevated toxic metal concentrations. Meanwhile, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) as signaling molecules are known to promote plant growth in metal-contaminated soils. However, the regulatory mechanisms of such molecules in plant physiology and soil biochemistry have not been well-documented. Hence, we investigate the role of the exogenous application of H2S and NO on alfalfa growth in lead/cadmium (Pb/Cd)-contaminated soil. Our results indicate that the signaling molecules increase the alfalfa chlorophyll and biomass content and improve alfalfa growth. Further, H2S and NO reduce the translocation and bioconcentration factors of Pb and Cd, potentially reducing the risk of heavy metals entering the food chain. These signaling molecules reduce metal-induced oxidative damage to alfalfa by mitigating reactive oxygen species accumulation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Their exogenous application increases soil enzymatic activities, particularly of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, without significantly changing the composition and structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Interestingly, H2S addition enriches the abundance of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria in soil, including Nocardioides, Rhizobium, and Glycomyces. H2S is more effective than NO in improving alfalfa growth and reducing heavy-metal contamination of the food chain. These results provide new insights into the exogenous application of signaling molecules in alleviating metal-induced phytotoxicity, including an efficient strategy for the safe use of forages.

ACS Style

Linchuan Fang; Wenliang Ju; Congli Yang; Chengjiao Duan; Yongxing Cui; Fu Han; Guoting Shen; Chao Zhang. Application of signaling molecules in reducing metal accumulation in alfalfa and alleviating metal-induced phytotoxicity in Pb/Cd-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 182, 109459 .

AMA Style

Linchuan Fang, Wenliang Ju, Congli Yang, Chengjiao Duan, Yongxing Cui, Fu Han, Guoting Shen, Chao Zhang. Application of signaling molecules in reducing metal accumulation in alfalfa and alleviating metal-induced phytotoxicity in Pb/Cd-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 182 ():109459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linchuan Fang; Wenliang Ju; Congli Yang; Chengjiao Duan; Yongxing Cui; Fu Han; Guoting Shen; Chao Zhang. 2019. "Application of signaling molecules in reducing metal accumulation in alfalfa and alleviating metal-induced phytotoxicity in Pb/Cd-contaminated soil." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 182, no. : 109459.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Soil Biology and Biochemistry
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Legume–rhizobium symbiosis plays an important role in agriculture and ecological restoration. However, the regulatory mechanisms of rhizobium in alleviating heavy metal stress through the biochemical response of plant-soil system is limited. In this study, alfalfa was inoculated with a copper (Cu)-resistant rhizobium, and its effect on plant growth and the spatial distribution of phosphatase in the rhizosphere under Cu stress was assessed. Our results showed that rhizobium inoculation alleviated Cu-induced growth inhibition, and increased the nitrogen and phosphorus content in alfalfa tissues. Moreover, inoculated plants had a higher Cu uptake than non-inoculated plants, with a much higher increase in the roots than in the shoots; thus, inoculation with rhizobium was shown to decrease the transfer coefficient and promote Cu phytostabilization. The zymograms illustrated that the distribution of phosphatase activities was associated with the presence of roots. Compared with the non-inoculated treatment, the rhizobium inoculation increased the hotspot areas of phosphatase by 26.1% and 39.3% at the Cu 0 and Cu 800 treatments, respectively. In addition, the available phosphorus in the soil showed negative correlations with soil phosphatase activity (p < 0.05). The model of partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) indicated that soil Cu content directly influenced the hotspot areas of phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere and explained most (86%) of the variation. Thus, the enzymatic hotspots were concluded to mainly be affected by the Cu content of soil, and the phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere were mainly regulated by the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. These findings provide a basis for the spatio-temporal dynamics of biogeochemical reactions in the rhizosphere of polluted soils.

ACS Style

Chengjiao Duan; Bahar S. Razavi; Guoting Shen; Yongxing Cui; Wenliang Ju; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. Deciphering the rhizobium inoculation effect on spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of alfalfa under copper stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2019, 137, 107574 .

AMA Style

Chengjiao Duan, Bahar S. Razavi, Guoting Shen, Yongxing Cui, Wenliang Ju, Shiqing Li, Linchuan Fang. Deciphering the rhizobium inoculation effect on spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of alfalfa under copper stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2019; 137 ():107574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjiao Duan; Bahar S. Razavi; Guoting Shen; Yongxing Cui; Wenliang Ju; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Deciphering the rhizobium inoculation effect on spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of alfalfa under copper stress." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 137, no. : 107574.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Legume-rhizobium symbiosis has been heavily investigated for their potential to enhance plant metal resistance in contaminated soil. However, the extent to which plant resistance is associated with the nitrogen (N) supply in symbiont is still uncertain. This study investigates the effect of urea or/and rhizobium (Sinorhizobium meliloti) application on the growth of Medicago sativa and resistance in metals contaminated soil (mainly with Cu). The results show that Cu uptake in plant shoots increased by 41.7%, 69%, and 89.3% with urea treatment, rhizobium inoculation, and their combined treatment, respectively, compared to the control group level. In plant roots, the corresponding values were 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.5-fold higher than the control group values, respectively. Statistical analysis identified that N content was the dominant variable contributing to Cu uptake in plants. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between plant oxidative stress and N content, indicating that N plays a key role in plant resistance. Oxidative damage decreased after rhizobium inoculation as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase in roots and peroxidase in plant shoots) were stimulated, enhancing plant resistance and promoting plant growth. Our results suggest that individual rhizobium inoculation, without urea treatment, is the most recommended approach for effective phytoremediation of contaminated land.

ACS Style

Guoting Shen; Wenliang Ju; Yuqing Liu; Xiaobin Guo; Wei Zhao; Linchuan Fang. Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1955 .

AMA Style

Guoting Shen, Wenliang Ju, Yuqing Liu, Xiaobin Guo, Wei Zhao, Linchuan Fang. Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (11):1955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guoting Shen; Wenliang Ju; Yuqing Liu; Xiaobin Guo; Wei Zhao; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1955.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The effect of precipitation pattern on the metabolism of soil microbes is poorly understood, especially in water-limited ecosystems where soil microorganisms play crucial roles in the turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients. We investigated the influence of the gradient levels of mean annual precipitation (MAP from 300 to 900 mm) on soil microbial metabolism in an arid and semi-arid grassland region located in Loess Plateau, China and identified relationships between microbial metabolic limitations and the variation of soil organic matter (SOM). Microbial metabolism in this arid and semi-arid region was limited by soil C and phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N). Microbial C and P limitations decreased with the increase of MAP. Microbial C and P limitations were lowest in the areas with MAPs of 700–900 mm, whereas N limitation was observed in the areas with MAPs >700 mm. The results of a variation-partitioning analysis and partial least squares path modeling indicated that the microbial C and N/P limitations on regional scales were mainly determined by climate factors (MAP and mean annual temperature (MAT)), followed by vegetation biomass and soil properties. The extents of soil drying-rewetting processing caused by different MAPs directly affected microbial nutrient limitation. Our results suggested that the influence of precipitation variation on microbial metabolic limitation strongly governed SOM stability and that an increase in the rate of SOM decomposition with increasing precipitation could be caused by increased microbial nutrient limitation. SOM may be most stable at a MAP of 700 mm in the arid and semi-arid regions (300–900 mm MAP) where microbial nutrient limitation was lowest. This study provided novel insights into the responses of soil microbial metabolism to precipitation change and is an important step toward understanding the mechanisms of SOM stability in an arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystem under scenarios of precipitation variation.

ACS Style

Yongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Lei Deng; Xiaobin Guo; Fu Han; Wenliang Ju; Xia Wang; Hansong Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Xingchang Zhang. Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 658, 1440 -1451.

AMA Style

Yongxing Cui, Linchuan Fang, Lei Deng, Xiaobin Guo, Fu Han, Wenliang Ju, Xia Wang, Hansong Chen, Wenfeng Tan, Xingchang Zhang. Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 658 ():1440-1451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Lei Deng; Xiaobin Guo; Fu Han; Wenliang Ju; Xia Wang; Hansong Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Xingchang Zhang. 2018. "Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region." Science of The Total Environment 658, no. : 1440-1451.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2018 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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The effects and regulatory mechanisms of co-inoculation of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and rhizobium in plant-soil systems remain unclear, despite numerous reports that PGPRs or rhizobium can alleviate metal toxicity. We used the co-inoculation of the PGPR Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the metal-resistant rhizobium Sinorhizobium meliloti for exploring the physiological and biochemical responses of the plant-soil system in metal-contaminated soil. The co-inoculation with the PGPR and rhizobium significantly increased the nutrient (N, P, and K) contents in plant tissues and promoted plant growth in soil contaminated with copper (Cu). Stress from Cu-induced reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation were largely attenuated by the co-inoculation by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The contents and uptake of Cu in plant tissues increased significantly in the co-inoculation treatment compared with the uninoculated control and individual inoculation treatment. Co-inoculation with PGPR and rhizobium significantly increased soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil organic matter contents compared with the uninoculated control. Interestingly, co-inoculation also affected the composition of the rhizospheric microbial community, and slightly increased rhizospheric microbial diversity. These improvements of the soil fertility and biological activity also had a beneficial impact on plant growth under Cu stress. Our results suggested that alfalfa co-inoculated with PGPR and rhizobium could increase plant growth and Cu uptake in metal-contaminated soil by alleviating plant Cu stress and improving soil biochemical properties. These results indicate that the co-application of PGPR and rhizobium can have a positive effect on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil systems in soil contaminated by heavy metals and can provide an efficient strategy for the phytomanagement of metal-contaminated land.

ACS Style

Wenliang Ju; Lei Liu; Linchuan Fang; Yongxing Cui; Chengjiao Duan; Hao Wu. Impact of co-inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in copper contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 167, 218 -226.

AMA Style

Wenliang Ju, Lei Liu, Linchuan Fang, Yongxing Cui, Chengjiao Duan, Hao Wu. Impact of co-inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in copper contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 167 ():218-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenliang Ju; Lei Liu; Linchuan Fang; Yongxing Cui; Chengjiao Duan; Hao Wu. 2018. "Impact of co-inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in copper contaminated soil." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 167, no. : 218-226.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Soil microbial metabolism is vital for nutrient cycling and aboveground ecosystem stability. A general understanding of microbial metabolism and nutrient limitation under human disturbance in arid and semi-arid regions, which are the largest and most fragile oligotrophic ecosystems globally, however, is still limited. We quantified and compared the characteristics of nutrient limitation of soil microbes under natural/artificial grassland and shrubland, an ecological forest, an economic forest, and sloped cropland in typical arid and semi-arid ecosystems on the Loess Plateau, China. Vegetation restoration significantly affected the activities of extracellular enzymes and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry mainly by affecting soil nutrients and nutrient stoichiometry. A vector analysis of enzyme activity indicated that microbial communities were co-limited by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in all types of vegetation restoration. Linear regression indicated that microbial C and P limitations were significantly correlated with the stoichiometry of soil nutrient, suggesting that the balance of nutrient stoichiometry is an important factor maintaining microbial metabolism and elemental homeostasis. C and P limitations in the microbial communities were the lowest in the natural grassland. This implies that both vegetation and microbial communities under the restoration pattern of natural grassland were more stable under environmental stress, so the restoration of natural grassland should be recommended as the preferred option for ecosystem restoration in these arid and semi-arid regions.

ACS Style

Yongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Xiaobin Guo; Fu Han; Wenliang Ju; Luping Ye; Xia Wang; Wenfeng Tan; Xingchang Zhang. Natural grassland as the optimal pattern of vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions: Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 648, 388 -397.

AMA Style

Yongxing Cui, Linchuan Fang, Xiaobin Guo, Fu Han, Wenliang Ju, Luping Ye, Xia Wang, Wenfeng Tan, Xingchang Zhang. Natural grassland as the optimal pattern of vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions: Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 648 ():388-397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Xiaobin Guo; Fu Han; Wenliang Ju; Luping Ye; Xia Wang; Wenfeng Tan; Xingchang Zhang. 2018. "Natural grassland as the optimal pattern of vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions: Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes." Science of The Total Environment 648, no. : 388-397.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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ACS Style

Hao Hao; Yande Jing; Wen-Liang Ju; Lei Shen; Yong-Qiang Cao. Different types of biochar: effect of aging on the Cu(II) adsorption behavior. Desalination and Water Treatment 2017, 95, 227 -233.

AMA Style

Hao Hao, Yande Jing, Wen-Liang Ju, Lei Shen, Yong-Qiang Cao. Different types of biochar: effect of aging on the Cu(II) adsorption behavior. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2017; 95 ():227-233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Hao; Yande Jing; Wen-Liang Ju; Lei Shen; Yong-Qiang Cao. 2017. "Different types of biochar: effect of aging on the Cu(II) adsorption behavior." Desalination and Water Treatment 95, no. : 227-233.