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Pomelo (Citrus grandis), an important fruit crop grown in tropical and subtropical areas, is cultivated mainly in Asian countries. The dominant pigment in pomelo leaves, chlorophyll, has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anticancer. The objectives of this study were to determine chlorophylls in Pomelo leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and to encapsulate the isolated chlorophylls from preparative column chromatography into a nanoemulsion system for elucidating the inhibition mechanism on the growth of melanoma cells A375. The results showed that chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b could be separated within 25 min by using a C18 column and a gradient ternary mobile phase of acetone, acetonitrile and methanol. Pomelo leaves mainly contained chlorophyll a (2278.3 μg/g) and chlorophyll b (785.8 μg/g). A highly stable chlorophyll nanoemulsion was prepared with the mean particle size being 13.2 nm as determined by a dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The encapsulation efficiency of chlorophyll nanoemulsion was 99%, while the zeta potential was −64.4 mV. In addition, the chlorophyll nanoemulsion possessed high thermal stability up to 100 °C and remained stable over a 90-day storage period at 4 °C. Western blot analysis revealed that chlorophyll nanoemulsion and extract could upregulate p53, p21, cyclin B and cyclin A as well as downregulate CDK1 and CDK2 in a concentration-dependent manner for inhibition of melanoma cells A375. Furthermore, chlorophyll nanoemulsion and extract could upregulate Bax and cytochrome C and downregulate Bcl-2, leading to activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3 for the induction of cell apoptosis. Compared to chlorophyll extract, chlorophyll nanoemulsion was more effective in inhibiting the growth of melanoma cells A375.
Man-Hai Liu; Yi-Fen Li; Bing-Huei Chen. Preparation of Chlorophyll Nanoemulsion from Pomelo Leaves and Its Inhibition Effect on Melanoma Cells A375. Plants 2021, 10, 1664 .
AMA StyleMan-Hai Liu, Yi-Fen Li, Bing-Huei Chen. Preparation of Chlorophyll Nanoemulsion from Pomelo Leaves and Its Inhibition Effect on Melanoma Cells A375. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMan-Hai Liu; Yi-Fen Li; Bing-Huei Chen. 2021. "Preparation of Chlorophyll Nanoemulsion from Pomelo Leaves and Its Inhibition Effect on Melanoma Cells A375." Plants 10, no. 8: 1664.
Marine peptides are one of the richest sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds and a considerable attention has been drawn towards their production and bioactivity. However, there is a paucity in consolidation of emerging trends encompassing both production techniques and biological application. Herein, we intend to review the recent advancements on different production, purification and identification technologies used for marine peptides along with presenting their potential health benefits. Bibliometric analysis revealed a growing number of scientific publications on marine peptides (268 documents per year) with both Asia (37.2%) and Europe (33.1%) being the major contributors. Extraction and purification by ultrafiltration and enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by identification by chromatographic techniques coupled with an appropriate detector could yield a high content of peptides with improved bioactivity. Moreover, the multifunctional health benefits exerted by marine peptides including anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-hypertension, anti-diabetes and anti-cancer along with their structure–activity relationship were presented. The future perspective on marine peptide research should focus on finding improved separation and purification technologies with enhanced selectivity and resolution for obtaining more novel peptides with high yield and low cost. In addition, by employing encapsulation strategies such as nanoemulsion and nanoliposome, oral bioavailability and bioactivity of peptides can be greatly enhanced. Also, the potential health benefits that are demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo models should be validated by conducting human clinical trials for a technology transfer from bench to bedside.
Kandi Sridhar; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. Recent developments on production, purification and biological activity of marine peptides. Food Research International 2021, 147, 110468 .
AMA StyleKandi Sridhar, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Bing-Huei Chen. Recent developments on production, purification and biological activity of marine peptides. Food Research International. 2021; 147 ():110468.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKandi Sridhar; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. 2021. "Recent developments on production, purification and biological activity of marine peptides." Food Research International 147, no. : 110468.
Anti-cancer activity of catechin nanoemulsions prepared from Oolong tea leaf waste was studied on prostate cancer cells DU-145 and DU-145-induced tumors in mice. Catechin nanoemulsions composed of lecithin, Tween-80 and water in an appropriate proportion was prepared with high stability, particle size of 11.3 nm, zeta potential of −67.2 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 83.4%. Catechin nanoemulsions were more effective than extracts in inhibiting DU-145 cell growth, with the IC50 being 13.52 and 214.6 μg/mL, respectively, after 48 h incubation. Furthermore, both catechin nanoemulsions and extracts could raise caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities for DU-145 cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases. Compared to control, catechin nanoemulsion at 20 μg/mL and paclitaxel at 10 μg/mL were the most effective in reducing tumor volume by 41.3% and 52.5% and tumor weight by 77.5% and 90.6% in mice, respectively, through a decrease in EGF and VEGF levels in serum.
Yu-Hsiang Lin; Chi-Chung Wang; Ying-Hung Lin; Bing-Huei Chen. Preparation of Catechin Nanoemulsion from Oolong Tea Leaf Waste and Its Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cells DU-145 and Tumors in Mice. Molecules 2021, 26, 3260 .
AMA StyleYu-Hsiang Lin, Chi-Chung Wang, Ying-Hung Lin, Bing-Huei Chen. Preparation of Catechin Nanoemulsion from Oolong Tea Leaf Waste and Its Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cells DU-145 and Tumors in Mice. Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3260.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Hsiang Lin; Chi-Chung Wang; Ying-Hung Lin; Bing-Huei Chen. 2021. "Preparation of Catechin Nanoemulsion from Oolong Tea Leaf Waste and Its Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cells DU-145 and Tumors in Mice." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3260.
Carotenoids are natural pigments widely used in food industries due to their health-promoting properties. However, the presence of long-chain conjugated double bonds are responsible for chemical instability, poor water solubility, low bioavailability and high susceptibility to oxidation. The application of a nanoencapsulation technique has thus become a vital means to enhance stability of carotenoids under physiological conditions due to their small particle size, high aqueous solubility and improved bioavailability. This review intends to overview the advances in preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and application of nanocarotenoids reported in research/review papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. More specifically, nanocarotenoids were prepared from both carotenoid extracts and standards by employing various preparation techniques to yield different nanostructures including nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, polymeric/biopolymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, supercritical fluid-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Stability studies involved evaluation of physical stability and/or chemical stability under different storage conditions and heating temperatures for varied lengths of time, while the release behavior and bioaccessibility were determined by various in vitro digestion and absorption models as well as bioavailability through elucidating pharmacokinetics in an animal model. Moreover, application of nanocarotenoids for various biological applications including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiaging, cosmetics, diabetic wound healing and hepatic steatosis were summarized.
Kandi Sridhar; Baskaran Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 713 .
AMA StyleKandi Sridhar, Baskaran Inbaraj, Bing-Huei Chen. Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKandi Sridhar; Baskaran Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. 2021. "Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 713.
This study aims to synthesize a magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green-tea-leaf waste (MNPs-GTAC) for evaluation of adsorption efficiency of 4 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). MNPs-GTAC contained spherically-shaped MNPs with cubic spinel structure, surface area at 118.8 m2/g, particle size at 8.6 nm and saturation magnetization at 34.2 emu/g. PAH adsorption reached a plateau at an MNPs-GTAC dose of 50 or 60 mg/L, pH of 2-4 and ionic strength of 0.1–10%, with PAH reduction in the presence of humic acid being compensated by addition of 0.1% sodium chloride. Kinetics was rapid attaining 80% removal within 5 min and the pseudo-second-order rate decreased in this order: Benzo[a]anthracene>Chrysene> Benzo[b]fluoranthene>Benzo[a]pyrene. Isotherm modeling revealed a Langmuir type-2 shape with the maximum adsorption capacity being 28.08, 22.75, 19.14 and 15.86 mg/g for Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Chrysene, Benzo[a]pyrene and Benzo[a]anthracene, respectively. Temperature study showed the PAH adsorption to be an endothermic and spontaneous process with increased randomness at solid-solution interface. Acetonitrile could completely recover the adsorbed PAH and MNPs-GTAC was successfully recycled 5 times with a minimum loss. Application to mineral water showed 86–98% and 72–89% removal for PAHs spiked respectively at 0.1 and 1 mg/L, while a complete removal was attained in tap and river waters.
Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Kandi Sridhar; Bing-Huei Chen. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 415, 125701 .
AMA StyleBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Kandi Sridhar, Bing-Huei Chen. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 415 ():125701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Kandi Sridhar; Bing-Huei Chen. 2021. "Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea waste." Journal of Hazardous Materials 415, no. : 125701.
This study aims to determine toxic compounds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in thin slices of dried pork as affected by different flavorings and roasting temperature treatments through employing a QuEChERS method coupled with gas chromatograph–tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) and gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC-MS), respectively. By employing this method, high accuracy and precision was attained for freeze-dried pork hind leg sample. Following addition of 8 different flavorings with roasting temperature at 120, 160, and 200 °C, the levels of total COPs and PAHs in thin slices of dried pork followed a temperature-dependent increase during roasting, which was further confirmed by principle component analysis. High level of soy sauce or sugar inhibited COP formation, while the low-level minimized PAH formation in thin slices of dried pork during roasting. Sugar was more effective in inhibiting COP formation while soy sauce was more efficient in reducing PAH formation.
Yu-Ting Hung; Yu-Tsung Lee; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Kandi Sridhar; Bing-Huei Chen. Analysis and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cholesterol oxidation products in thin slices of dried pork during processing. Food Chemistry 2021, 353, 129474 .
AMA StyleYu-Ting Hung, Yu-Tsung Lee, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Kandi Sridhar, Bing-Huei Chen. Analysis and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cholesterol oxidation products in thin slices of dried pork during processing. Food Chemistry. 2021; 353 ():129474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu-Ting Hung; Yu-Tsung Lee; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Kandi Sridhar; Bing-Huei Chen. 2021. "Analysis and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cholesterol oxidation products in thin slices of dried pork during processing." Food Chemistry 353, no. : 129474.
Progress in the medical profession is determined by the achievements and effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections. However, the development of multiple-drug resistance in numerous bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has limited the treatment options. Due to this resistance, the resurgence of cyclic polypeptide drugs like colistin remains the only option. The drug, colistin, is a well-known growth inhibitor of Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Technological advancements have uncovered the role of the mcr-1(mobilized colistin resistance) gene, which is responsible for the development of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which make them distinct from other bacteria without this gene. Additionally, food animals have been determined to be the reservoir for colistin resistance microbes, from which they spread to other hosts. Due to the adverse effects of colistin, many developed countries have prohibited its usage in animal foods, but developing countries are still using colistin in animal food production, thereby imposing a major risk to the public health. Therefore, there is a need for implementation of sustainable measures in livestock farms to prevent microbial infection. This review highlights the negative effects (increased resistance) of colistin consumption and emphasizes the different approaches used for detecting colistin in animal-based foods as well as the challenges associated with its detection.
Harsh Kumar; Bing-Huei Chen; Kamil Kuca; Eugenie Nepovimova; Ankur Kaushal; Rupak Nagraik; Shashi Kant Bhatia; Daljeet Singh Dhanjal; Vinod Kumar; Anil Kumar; Navneet Kumar Upadhyay; Rachna Verma; Dinesh Kumar. Understanding of Colistin Usage in Food Animals and Available Detection Techniques: A Review. Animals 2020, 10, 1892 .
AMA StyleHarsh Kumar, Bing-Huei Chen, Kamil Kuca, Eugenie Nepovimova, Ankur Kaushal, Rupak Nagraik, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Vinod Kumar, Anil Kumar, Navneet Kumar Upadhyay, Rachna Verma, Dinesh Kumar. Understanding of Colistin Usage in Food Animals and Available Detection Techniques: A Review. Animals. 2020; 10 (10):1892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarsh Kumar; Bing-Huei Chen; Kamil Kuca; Eugenie Nepovimova; Ankur Kaushal; Rupak Nagraik; Shashi Kant Bhatia; Daljeet Singh Dhanjal; Vinod Kumar; Anil Kumar; Navneet Kumar Upadhyay; Rachna Verma; Dinesh Kumar. 2020. "Understanding of Colistin Usage in Food Animals and Available Detection Techniques: A Review." Animals 10, no. 10: 1892.
Gold nanoparticles capped with chitosan (CH-NGs), glycol chitosan (GC-NGs) and poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PA-NGs) were synthesized separately, characterized and evaluated for catalytic and antibacterial activities. Surface Plasmon resonance peak at 520–530 nm confirmed the formation of NGs, while FTIR spectra revealed the involvement of hydroxyl, amine and amide groups in biopolymers on NGs formation and coating. Particle size, zeta potential and surface coating were respectively 21.7 nm, +50.2 mV and 20% for CH-NGs, 5.6 nm, +46.5 mV and 43.5% for GC-NGs and 7.4 nm, −37.3 mV and 34.5% for PA-NGs. Compared to citrate-capped NGs (CT-NGs), biopolymer-capped NGs exhibited high catalytic activity in a 4-nitrophenol reduction model with the pseudo first-order catalytic rate for PA-NGs being 4–6 fold higher than CH-NGs and GC-NGs. No significant antibacterial effect was shown for CT-NGs. However, PA-NGs was superior to gentamycin in inhibiting Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli-O157:H7, while CH-NGs and GC-NGs showed the highest antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes, followed by Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli-O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus. TEM images showed that GC-NGs were attached on MRSA surface to alter cell permeability, block nutrient flow and disrupt cell membrane, whereas PA-NGs penetrated into Salmonella enterica to generate cavities, plasmolysis and disintegration.
Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bang-Yuan Chen; Chia-Wei Liao; Bing-Huei Chen. Green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of catalytic and antibacterial activities of chitosan, glycol chitosan and poly(γ-glutamic acid) capped gold nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2020, 161, 1484 -1495.
AMA StyleBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Bang-Yuan Chen, Chia-Wei Liao, Bing-Huei Chen. Green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of catalytic and antibacterial activities of chitosan, glycol chitosan and poly(γ-glutamic acid) capped gold nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020; 161 ():1484-1495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bang-Yuan Chen; Chia-Wei Liao; Bing-Huei Chen. 2020. "Green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of catalytic and antibacterial activities of chitosan, glycol chitosan and poly(γ-glutamic acid) capped gold nanoparticles." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 161, no. : 1484-1495.
This study aims to determine the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in fried chicken fiber (FCF) processed under different traditional conditions. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was used to analyze various HAs and COPs respectively in chicken meat and FCF. Five HAs were produced in FCF during processing with the amount ranging from 0.052 to 106.005 ng/g and decreasing in the following order: 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole(Harman)>9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole(Norharman)>2-amino-5-phenylpyridine(Phe-P-1)>2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline(IQx)>3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-1). Chicken fiber fried in lard at 180 °C/20 min generated a higher level of HAs (106.005 ng/g) than in soybean oil (77.823 ng/g), but with frying at 150 °C/40 min, the total HAs contents were reduced by 26.4% and 6.2% respectively. Seven COPs were produced in FCF with the maximum level being 35.220 μg/g and both cholesterol-5α-6α-epoxide (5,6α-EP) and cholesterol-5β-6β-epoxide (5,6β-EP) dominating. A lower level of COPs was formed in chicken fiber fried in lard (12.999 or 11.182 μg/g) than in soybean oil (35.220 or 28.553 μg/g) during frying at 150 °C/40 min or 180 °C/20 min, with the former reducing COPs by 77.9% without soy sauce. Comparatively, the formation of both HAs and COPs could be substantially reduced by processing FCF in lard at 150 °C/40 min without soy sauce flavoring.
Kai-Yu Hsu; Bing Huei Chen. A comparative study on the formation of heterocyclic amines and cholesterol oxidation products in fried chicken fiber processed under different traditional conditions. LWT 2020, 126, 109300 .
AMA StyleKai-Yu Hsu, Bing Huei Chen. A comparative study on the formation of heterocyclic amines and cholesterol oxidation products in fried chicken fiber processed under different traditional conditions. LWT. 2020; 126 ():109300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai-Yu Hsu; Bing Huei Chen. 2020. "A comparative study on the formation of heterocyclic amines and cholesterol oxidation products in fried chicken fiber processed under different traditional conditions." LWT 126, no. : 109300.
Roasting of chicken generates many toxic compounds such as heterocyclic amines (HAs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). The objectives of this study were to evaluate analysis of HAs and COPs in raw, boiled and roasted chicken by QuEChERS coupled with UPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS, respectively, and study their formation as affected by different flavorings (red pepper, black pepper, rosemary and soy sauce) and roasting methods (fan oven and superheated steam oven). Results showed that the average recovery respectively ranged from 54.1 to 109.3% and 65.1 to 116.6% for 20 HAs and from 87.9 to 102.8% and 87.5 to 101.3% for 7 COPs in the skin and meat portions of boiled chicken breast, while the coefficient of variation (CV) of the intra-day and inter-day variability for HAs respectively ranged from 5.27 to 12.09% and 4.23 to 12.68% in chicken skin, as well as 7.34–18.32% and 6.13–15.54% in chicken meat. For COPs, the CV of the intra-day and inter-day variability respectively ranged from 0.82 to 4.14% and 1.80 to 6.30% in chicken skin, as well as 1.40–9.04% and 3.02–9.81% in chicken meat. A total of 8 HAs were formed in roasted chicken, with a higher level of total HAs being shown in the skin portion of roasted chicken flavored with soy sauce and cooked in a fan oven. Also, for both roasting methods, the skin portion contained a higher level of total HAs than the meat portion, but a reversed trend was shown for total COPs with the exception of black pepper flavoring. Furthermore, in roasted chicken with 4 different flavorings, all of which showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between formation of HAs and COPs in the skin portion, while in the meat portion, only rosemary showed significant correlation (p < 0.05). By taking both skin and meat into account, the incorporation of rosemary flavoring into chicken during roasting was the most effective in inhibiting the formation of total HAs and COPs, while soy sauce flavoring was the least effective.
Kai-Yu Hsu; Bing-Huei Chen. Analysis and reduction of heterocyclic amines and cholesterol oxidation products in chicken by controlling flavorings and roasting condition. Food Research International 2020, 131, 109004 .
AMA StyleKai-Yu Hsu, Bing-Huei Chen. Analysis and reduction of heterocyclic amines and cholesterol oxidation products in chicken by controlling flavorings and roasting condition. Food Research International. 2020; 131 ():109004.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai-Yu Hsu; Bing-Huei Chen. 2020. "Analysis and reduction of heterocyclic amines and cholesterol oxidation products in chicken by controlling flavorings and roasting condition." Food Research International 131, no. : 109004.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) possess a great potential as therapeutic agents due to their ability to self-regenerate by reversibly switching between two valences +3 and +4. This article reviews recent articles dealing with in vivo studies of CNPs towards Alzheimer's disease, obesity, liver inflammation, cancer, sepsis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acute kidney injury, radiation-induced tissue damage, hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, retinal diseases and constipation. In vivo anti-cancer studies revealed the effectiveness of CNPs to reduce tumor growth and angiogenesis in melanoma, ovarian, breast and retinoblastoma cancer cell-induced mice, with their conjugation with folic acid, doxorubicin, CPM, or CXC receptor-4 antagonist ligand eliciting higher efficiency. After conjugation with triphenylphosphonium or magnetite nanoparticles, CNPs were shown to combat Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid-β, glial fibrillary acidic protein, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in mice. By improving muscle function and longevity, the citrate/EDTA-stabilized CNPs could ameliorate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, they could effectively reduce obesity in mice by scavenging ROS and reducing adipogenesis, triglyceride synthesis, GAPDH enzyme activity, leptin and insulin levels. In CCl4-induced rats, stress signaling pathways due to inflammatory cytokines, liver enzymes, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum messengers could be attenuated by CNPs. Commercial CNPs showed protective effects on rats with hepatic ischemia reperfusion and peritonitis-induced hepatic/cardiac injuries by decreasing oxidative stress and hepatic/cardiac inflammation. The same CNPs could improve kidney function by diminishing renal superoxide, hyperglycemia and tubular damage in peritonitis-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Radiation-induced lung and testicular tissue damage could be alleviated in mice, with the former showing improvement in pulmonary distress and bronchoconstriction and the latter exhibiting restoration in spermatogenesis rate and spermatid/spermatocyte number. Through enhancement of gastrointestinal motility, the CNPs could alleviate constipation in both young and old rats. They could also protect rat from light-induced retinal damage by slowing down neurodegenerative process and microglial activation.
Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. An overview on recent in vivo biological application of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019, 15, 558 -575.
AMA StyleBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Bing-Huei Chen. An overview on recent in vivo biological application of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 15 (5):558-575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. 2019. "An overview on recent in vivo biological application of cerium oxide nanoparticles." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 5: 558-575.
Background: Anthocyanins, a flavonoid class of water-soluble pigments, are reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. However, anthocyanins are highly susceptible to degradation in high pH, light, heat, and oxygen during processing and storage. Conventional microencapsulation techniques fail to provide stability to anthocyanins under physiological environments mainly because of their large particle size as well as low zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Methods: Nanotechnology provides novel strategies for preparing nanoformulations to enhance the physicochemical stability of anthocyanins. Nanoemulsion and nanoliposome are the two most commonly used nanosystems in pharmaceutical and food-related fields. In this review, an overview of various nanoemulsion and nanoliposome systems reported recently for enhancing stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of anthocyanins is presented. Results: Anthocyanin nanoemulsions with different oil, water, surfactant, and cosurfactant ratios were prepared from extracts of mangosteen peel, purple sweet potato, cranberry, red cabbage, blueberry, jaboticaba peel, and acai berry and evaluated for their antioxidant activity, enhancement of physicochemical stability, topical skin application, and urinary tract infection. Likewise, unilamellar and multilamellar nanoliposomes were prepared using different types and levels of lecithin without or with cholesterol from anthocyanin standards and extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa, mulberry, elderberry, black carrot, and pistachio green hull for the evaluation of physicochemical and oxidative stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and melanogenic activity, as well as protective effects against diabetes mellitus and cataract. Conclusion: This review provides an insight into the current nanotechnology updates on enhancement of anthocyanin stability and biological activity.
Bing-Huei Chen; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. Nanoemulsion and Nanoliposome Based Strategies for Improving Anthocyanin Stability and Bioavailability. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1052 .
AMA StyleBing-Huei Chen, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. Nanoemulsion and Nanoliposome Based Strategies for Improving Anthocyanin Stability and Bioavailability. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (5):1052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBing-Huei Chen; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. 2019. "Nanoemulsion and Nanoliposome Based Strategies for Improving Anthocyanin Stability and Bioavailability." Nutrients 11, no. 5: 1052.
BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a volatile and water‐insoluble compound present in several cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to possess several biological activities such as anti‐bacteria, anti‐fungi and anti‐cancer. In this study, water‐soluble allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles (AITC‐NPs) were prepared by O/W microemulsion and complex coacervation techniques and evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects on human bladder cancer cell HT1376. RESULTS The AITC‐NPs with a particle size of 9.4 nm were stable during heating up to 110°C or 3 freeze‐thawing cycles. No significant cytotoxicity was shown on both Caco‐2 and intestine epithelial IEC‐6 cells at AITC‐NPs dose ranging from 0.25–2 g/L (8.75–70 mg/L AITC). However, at 2 g/L dosage, AITC‐NPs could inhibit the growth of human bladder cancer cells HT1376 by 90%, while a low dosage of 0.25 g/L could inhibit the migration ability by 83.7, 71.3, 58.4 and 31.4% after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Compared to AITC and NPs, AITC‐NPs showed a better inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐6, NO and iNOS production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the potential of AITC‐NPs as a therapeutic agent for treatment of bladder cancer and enhancement of immune function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Wei-Jung Chang; Bing-Huei Chen; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; John-Tung Chien. Preparation of allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles, their anti‐inflammatory activity towards RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and anti‐proliferative effect on HT1376 bladder cancer cells. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2018, 99, 3106 -3116.
AMA StyleWei-Jung Chang, Bing-Huei Chen, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, John-Tung Chien. Preparation of allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles, their anti‐inflammatory activity towards RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and anti‐proliferative effect on HT1376 bladder cancer cells. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2018; 99 (6):3106-3116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Jung Chang; Bing-Huei Chen; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; John-Tung Chien. 2018. "Preparation of allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles, their anti‐inflammatory activity towards RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and anti‐proliferative effect on HT1376 bladder cancer cells." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, no. 6: 3106-3116.
A commercial kit (QuEChERS) for dispersive solid phase extraction was used with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis to determine concentrations of 20 heterocyclic amines (HAs) in 48 unrefined and refined cooking fats (number): lard (16); tallow (8), coconut oil (6); other solid fats (8); vegetable oils (10). The average suppression of ESI-MS response to HAs in extracts from cooking oil was 84%: 18 HAs were quantified from 0.02 to 1.2 pmol/g, using an internal standard and clean-matrix-matched calibration standards; Norharman and Harman were quantified from 0.02 to 5 pmol/g using external standards in solvent. Measurements of method performance in cooking oils spiked with 18 HAs were (averages for lard, tallow, coconut oil, respectively): intraday precision, 7%, 16%, 8%; interday precision, 18%, 18%, 13%; recovery 65%, 61%, 74%. Norharman (N) and Harman (H) were detected in 42 samples (88%), within and often above the quantitation range. Total concentrations were significantly higher in unrefined cooking oils than refined (>15X, P < 0.05). Average concentrations were (in unrefined lard, tallow and coconut oil respectively): Norharman, 46, 21, 41 pmol/g; Harman 72, 54, 25 pmol/g. Other HAs were detected (rarely; with Norharman and Harman in the unrefined fats): Trp-P-2, 0.1 pmol/g (6); Trp-P-1, 0.4 pmol/g (1); AαC, 0.3 pmol/g (1).
Chia-Chi Chang; Dequan Zhang; Zhenyu Wang; Bing-Huei Chen. Simultaneous determination of twenty heterocyclic amines in cooking oil using dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS) and high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2018, 1585, 82 -91.
AMA StyleChia-Chi Chang, Dequan Zhang, Zhenyu Wang, Bing-Huei Chen. Simultaneous determination of twenty heterocyclic amines in cooking oil using dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS) and high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2018; 1585 ():82-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia-Chi Chang; Dequan Zhang; Zhenyu Wang; Bing-Huei Chen. 2018. "Simultaneous determination of twenty heterocyclic amines in cooking oil using dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS) and high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 1585, no. : 82-91.
Camellia and blended oils were more efficient than soybean oil in elevating serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hamsters.
Ting-Yi Chou; Yi-Fa Lu; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. Camelia oil and soybean-camelia oil blend enhance antioxidant activity and cardiovascular protection in hamsters. Nutrition 2018, 51-52, 86 -94.
AMA StyleTing-Yi Chou, Yi-Fa Lu, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Bing-Huei Chen. Camelia oil and soybean-camelia oil blend enhance antioxidant activity and cardiovascular protection in hamsters. Nutrition. 2018; 51-52 ():86-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTing-Yi Chou; Yi-Fa Lu; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Bing-Huei Chen. 2018. "Camelia oil and soybean-camelia oil blend enhance antioxidant activity and cardiovascular protection in hamsters." Nutrition 51-52, no. : 86-94.
This study aims to evaluate analysis of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in meat products by an established method using QuEChERS coupled with HPLD-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. A high extraction efficiency could be attained by QuEChERS method. Twenty HA standards plus one internal standard (4,7,8-TriMeIQx) could be separated within 27 min by using an Inspire C18 column and gradient mobile phase by HPLC-DAD, followed by identification and quantitation using selected reaction monitoring mode by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Limit of quantitation of HAs in meat samples ranged from 0.005 to 0.1 ng/g. Average recovery of 20 HAs in pork tenderloin, Pacific saury, and chicken breast ranged from 56.51 to 113.97%, 55.12 to 105.47%, and 59.06 to 103.29%, with coefficient of variation (CV) from 2.93 to 15.88%, 3.00 to 15.63%, and 4.84 to 16.60%, respectively. The CV for intra-day and inter-day precision ranged from 4.12 to 16.10% and 6.40 to 43.53% for pork tenderloin, 2.25 to 30.56% and 2.63 to 19.42% for Pacific saury, and 2.88 to 17.78% and 5.94 to 40.00% for chicken breast, respectively. Analysis of 30 commercial meat samples revealed harman and norharman to be the major HAs present at a level of 0.052–34.98 ng/g.
Chia-Chi Chang; Tsai-Hua Kao; Dequan Zhang; Zhenyu Wang; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Kai-Yu Hsu; Bing Huei Chen. Application of QuEChERS Coupled with HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS for Determination of Heterocyclic Amines in Commercial Meat Products. Food Analytical Methods 2018, 11, 3243 -3256.
AMA StyleChia-Chi Chang, Tsai-Hua Kao, Dequan Zhang, Zhenyu Wang, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Kai-Yu Hsu, Bing Huei Chen. Application of QuEChERS Coupled with HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS for Determination of Heterocyclic Amines in Commercial Meat Products. Food Analytical Methods. 2018; 11 (11):3243-3256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia-Chi Chang; Tsai-Hua Kao; Dequan Zhang; Zhenyu Wang; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj; Kai-Yu Hsu; Bing Huei Chen. 2018. "Application of QuEChERS Coupled with HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS for Determination of Heterocyclic Amines in Commercial Meat Products." Food Analytical Methods 11, no. 11: 3243-3256.
Cholesterol, widely present in animal fats and meat products, can undergo oxidation to form cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) during heating. The objectives of this study were to develop a QuEChERS method for reduction of solvent volume and extraction time for determination of COPs in edible animal fats and meat products by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. By employing a DB–5MS capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., film thickness 0.25 mm) and a temperature programming method, 7 COPs, cholesterol and internal standard 5α–cholestane could be separated within 19 min. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation based on COPs standards ranged from 0.16–180 ng/mL and 0.32–400 ng/mL, respectively, while the recoveries from 89.1–107.6% for boiled pork and 80.5–105.6% for lard. Intra-day variability for boiled pork and lard ranged from 2.27–6.87% and 1.52–9.78%, respectively, whereas inter-day variability from 1.81–7.89% and 3.57–9.26%. Among various meat samples, fish showed the highest level of COPs (31.84 μg/g). For edible fats, the COPs contents in tallow (22.79–60.15 μg/g) were much higher than in lard (0.152–2.55 μg/g) and butter (0.526–1.36μg/g). Collectively, this method can be applied to determine COPs in cholesterol-containing foodstuffs.
Che-Wei Chiu; Tsai-Hua Kao; Bing-Huei Chen. Improved Analytical Method for Determination of Cholesterol-Oxidation Products in Meat and Animal Fat by QuEChERS Coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2018, 66, 3561 -3571.
AMA StyleChe-Wei Chiu, Tsai-Hua Kao, Bing-Huei Chen. Improved Analytical Method for Determination of Cholesterol-Oxidation Products in Meat and Animal Fat by QuEChERS Coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2018; 66 (13):3561-3571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChe-Wei Chiu; Tsai-Hua Kao; Bing-Huei Chen. 2018. "Improved Analytical Method for Determination of Cholesterol-Oxidation Products in Meat and Animal Fat by QuEChERS Coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 13: 3561-3571.
Amidst numerous emerging nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) possess fascinating pharmacological potential as they can be used as a therapeutic for various oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases such as cancer, inflammation and neurodegeneration due to unique redox cycling between Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states on their surface. Lattice defects generated by the formation of Ce3+ ions and compensation by oxygen vacancies on CNPs surface has led to switching between CeO2 and CeO2–x during redox reactions making CNPs a lucrative catalytic nanoparticle capable of mimicking key natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Eventually, most of the reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species in biological system are scavenged by CNPs via an auto-regenerative mechanism in which a minimum dose can exhibit catalytic activity for a longer duration. Due to the controversial outcomes on CNPs toxicity, considerable attention has recently been drawn towards establishing relationships between the physicochemical properties of CNPs obtained by different synthesis methods and biological effects ranging from toxicity to therapeutics. Unlike non-redox active nanoparticles, variations in physicochemical properties and the surface properties of CNPs obtained from different synthesis methods can significantly affect their biological activity (inactive, antioxidant, or pro-oxidant). Moreover, these properties can influence the biological identity, cellular interactions, cellular uptake, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficiency. This review aims to highlight the critical role of various physicochemical and the surface properties of CNPs controlling their biological activity based on 165 cited references.
Bing-Huei Chen; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. Various physicochemical and surface properties controlling the bioactivity of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 2018, 38, 1003 -1024.
AMA StyleBing-Huei Chen, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. Various physicochemical and surface properties controlling the bioactivity of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 2018; 38 (7):1003-1024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBing-Huei Chen; Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. 2018. "Various physicochemical and surface properties controlling the bioactivity of cerium oxide nanoparticles." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 38, no. 7: 1003-1024.
The objectives of this study were to extract curcuminoids from a vital medicinal plantCurcuma longaL. and prepare the curcuminoid extract and microemulsion for studying the inhibition mechanism of HT-29 colon cancer cells.
Yen Chu Chen; Bing Huei Chen. Preparation of curcuminoid microemulsions fromCurcuma longaL. to enhance inhibition effects on growth of colon cancer cells HT-29. RSC Advances 2018, 8, 2323 -2337.
AMA StyleYen Chu Chen, Bing Huei Chen. Preparation of curcuminoid microemulsions fromCurcuma longaL. to enhance inhibition effects on growth of colon cancer cells HT-29. RSC Advances. 2018; 8 (5):2323-2337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen Chu Chen; Bing Huei Chen. 2018. "Preparation of curcuminoid microemulsions fromCurcuma longaL. to enhance inhibition effects on growth of colon cancer cells HT-29." RSC Advances 8, no. 5: 2323-2337.
Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth Chu-Ching Yang,1,* Chi-Feng Hung,2,* Bing-Huei Chen1 1Department of Food Science, 2School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan *These authors contributed equally to this work Coffee grounds, a waste by-product generated after making coffee, contains approximately 15% coffee oil which can be used as a raw material in cosmetics. Algae oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been demonstrated to possess anticancer and anti-inflammation functions. The objectives of this study were to develop a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of fatty acids in coffee oil and algae oil and prepare a nanoemulsion for studying its inhibition effect on ultraviolet A-induced skin damage in mice and growth of melanoma cells B16-F10. A total of 8 and 5 fatty acids were separated and quantified in coffee oil and algae oil by GC-MS, respectively, with linoleic acid (39.8%) dominating in the former and DHA (33.9%) in the latter. A nanoemulsion with a particle size of 30 nm, zeta potential -72.72 mV, and DHA encapsulation efficiency 100% was prepared by using coffee oil, algae oil, surfactant (20% Span 80 and 80% Tween 80), and deionized water. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed a high stability of nanoemulsion when heated up to 110°C at a pH 6, whereas no significant changes in particle size distribution and pH occurred over a 90-day storage period at 4°C. Animal experiments showed that a dose of 0.1% coffee oil-algae oil nanoemulsion was effective in mitigating trans-epidermal water loss, skin erythema, melanin formation, and subcutaneous blood flow. Cytotoxicity test implied effective inhibition of melanoma cell growth by nanoemulsion with an IC50 value of 26.5 µg/mL and the cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase. A dose-dependent upregulation of p53, p21, cyclin B, and cyclin A expressions and downregulation of CDK1 and CDK2 occurred. Also, both Bax and cytochrome c expressions were upregulated and bcl-2 expression downregulated, accompanied by a rise in caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities for apoptosis execution. Collectively, the apoptosis pathway of melanoma cells B16-F10 may involve both mitochondria and death receptor. Keywords: coffee ground, coffee oil-algae oil nanoemulsion, DHA, melanoma cell apoptosis, mouse skin protection, GC-MS
Chu-Ching Yang; Chi-Feng Hung; Bing-Huei Chen. Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2017, ume 12, 6559 -6580.
AMA StyleChu-Ching Yang, Chi-Feng Hung, Bing-Huei Chen. Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2017; ume 12 ():6559-6580.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu-Ching Yang; Chi-Feng Hung; Bing-Huei Chen. 2017. "Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth." International Journal of Nanomedicine ume 12, no. : 6559-6580.