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Pramod Rajput
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India

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Journal article
Published: 03 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Life cycle metrics evolution specific to the climate zone of photovoltaic (PV) operation would give detailed insights on the environmental and economic performance. At present, vast literature is available on the PV life cycle metrics where only the output energies ignoring the degradation rate (DR) influence. In this study, the environ-economic analysis of three PV technologies, namely, multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and hetero-junction with an intrinsic thin layer (HIT) have been carried out in identical environmental conditions. The energy performance parameters and the DR rate of three PV technologies are evaluated based on the monitored real time data from the installation site in hot semi-arid climates. The assessment demonstrates that the HIT PV module technology exhibits more suitable results compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV systems in hot semi-arid climatic conditions of India. Moreover, energy metrices which includes energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF) and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of the HIT technologies are found to be 1.0, 24.93 and 0.15 years, respectively. HIT PV system has higher potential to mitigate the CO2 and carbon credit earned compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV system under hot semi-arid climate. However, the annualized uniform cost (UAC) for mc-Si (3.60 Rs/kWh) and a-Si (3.40 Rs/kWh) are more admissible in relation to the HIT (6.63 Rs/kWh) PV module type. We conclude that the approach of considering DR influenced life cycle metrics over the traditional approach can support to identify suitable locations for specific PV technology.

ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; Maria Malvoni; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; O. S. Sastry; ArunKumar Jayakumar. Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmental–Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1075 .

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, Maria Malvoni, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, O. S. Sastry, ArunKumar Jayakumar. Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmental–Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1075.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; Maria Malvoni; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; O. S. Sastry; ArunKumar Jayakumar. 2020. "Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmental–Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1075.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Renewable Energy
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The importance of reliability and degradation of photovoltaic (PV) systems as a renewable energy resource is well recognized. In the present study, a thermal model has been developed to estimate the temperature, efficiency and thermal losses for N series connected Glass/cell/polymer sheet and Glass/cell/glass PV modules with hot solar cells in terms of climate and design parameters. The numerical computation has been performed for larger number of days as June (summer) and December (winter) following the temperature of hot solar cells at the National Institute of Solar Energy, Gurugram, India. In the case of string 1 (3 hot solar cells) of Glass/cell/polymer sheet has higher short circuit current than the Glass/cell/glass PV modules string 2 (7 hot solar cells). Similarly, leakage current of Glass/cell/polymer sheet PV module with 7 hot solar cells is marginally higher in comparison to Glass/cell/polymer sheet PV module with 3 hot solar cells. Further, 1% electrical efficiency has been improved due to shadow on hot solar cells in Glass/cell/polymer sheet and Glass/cell/glass PV modules.

ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; Shyam; Vivek Tomar; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry; T.S. Bhatti. A thermal model for N series connected glass/cell/polymer sheet and glass/cell/glass crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules with hot solar cells connected in series and its thermal losses in real outdoor condition. Renewable Energy 2018, 126, 370 -386.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, Shyam, Vivek Tomar, G.N. Tiwari, O.S. Sastry, T.S. Bhatti. A thermal model for N series connected glass/cell/polymer sheet and glass/cell/glass crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules with hot solar cells connected in series and its thermal losses in real outdoor condition. Renewable Energy. 2018; 126 ():370-386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; Shyam; Vivek Tomar; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry; T.S. Bhatti. 2018. "A thermal model for N series connected glass/cell/polymer sheet and glass/cell/glass crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules with hot solar cells connected in series and its thermal losses in real outdoor condition." Renewable Energy 126, no. : 370-386.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Solar Energy
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ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; Yogesh K Singh; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry; Santosh Dubey; Kailash Pandey. Life cycle assessment of the 3.2 kW cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic system in composite climate of India. Solar Energy 2018, 159, 415 -422.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, Yogesh K Singh, G.N. Tiwari, O.S. Sastry, Santosh Dubey, Kailash Pandey. Life cycle assessment of the 3.2 kW cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic system in composite climate of India. Solar Energy. 2018; 159 ():415-422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; Yogesh K Singh; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry; Santosh Dubey; Kailash Pandey. 2018. "Life cycle assessment of the 3.2 kW cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic system in composite climate of India." Solar Energy 159, no. : 415-422.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Solar Energy
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ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; O.S. Sastry; G.N. Tiwari. Effect of irradiance, temperature exposure and an Arrhenius approach to estimating weathering acceleration factor of Glass, EVA and Tedlar in a composite climate of India. Solar Energy 2017, 144, 267 -277.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, O.S. Sastry, G.N. Tiwari. Effect of irradiance, temperature exposure and an Arrhenius approach to estimating weathering acceleration factor of Glass, EVA and Tedlar in a composite climate of India. Solar Energy. 2017; 144 ():267-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; O.S. Sastry; G.N. Tiwari. 2017. "Effect of irradiance, temperature exposure and an Arrhenius approach to estimating weathering acceleration factor of Glass, EVA and Tedlar in a composite climate of India." Solar Energy 144, no. : 267-277.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Energy
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ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry. Thermal modelling with experimental validation and economic analysis of mono crystalline silicon photovoltaic module on the basis of degradation study. Energy 2017, 120, 731 -739.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, G.N. Tiwari, O.S. Sastry. Thermal modelling with experimental validation and economic analysis of mono crystalline silicon photovoltaic module on the basis of degradation study. Energy. 2017; 120 ():731-739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry. 2017. "Thermal modelling with experimental validation and economic analysis of mono crystalline silicon photovoltaic module on the basis of degradation study." Energy 120, no. : 731-739.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Solar Energy
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In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed to calculate solar cell temperature, hot spot temperature and module efficiency in opaque and semitransparent mono crystalline silicon (sc-Si) PV module. The calculated results have been validated by experimental investigations for both opaque and semitransparent PV modules. Opaque PV module exhibits around 2–3 °C higher temperature in comparison to the semitransparent PV module for one as well as two hot spots. The hot spot temperature decreases with as an increase in the number of hot spots (area of hot spot) in both PV modules. Furthermore, the efficiency of both PV modules has been estimated for one hot spot (opaque 10.41%; semitransparent 10.62%) and two hot spot (opaque 10.41%; semitransparent 10.54%).

ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry. Thermal modelling and experimental validation of hot spot in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules for real outdoor condition. Solar Energy 2016, 139, 569 -580.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, G.N. Tiwari, O.S. Sastry. Thermal modelling and experimental validation of hot spot in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules for real outdoor condition. Solar Energy. 2016; 139 ():569-580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry. 2016. "Thermal modelling and experimental validation of hot spot in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules for real outdoor condition." Solar Energy 139, no. : 569-580.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Solar Energy
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The understanding of degradation modes and mechanism is very important in order to ensure the lifetime of 25–30 years of PV modules. In the present study, degradation analysis of 90 mono-crystalline silicon PV modules installed on the rooftop of the guest house of National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE), Gurgaon has been carried out after 22 years of outdoor operation in a composite climate of India. A comprehensive analysis has been carried out through visual inspection, thermal imaging, I-V characteristic and insulation resistance measurement as well as rate of degradation has been calculated. The defects in bus bar, cell inter-connection ribbon, string inter-connection ribbon and chalking in back-sheet are found to be most frequently observed defects. Hot spot in solar cell, burn mark and delamination in back-sheet are also observed in some PV modules. The average power degradation rate of 90 PV modules over period of 22 years has been found to be about 1.9%/year with maximum rate of power degradation 4.1%/year and minimum is 0.3%/year. Insulation resistance measurement of all the modules both in dry and wet condition showed that only 9 modules have shown insulation resistance <400 MΩ. The study addresses the degradation mechanism in order to assess the safety issues related to the large scale PV plants in Indian climatic condition.

ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry; Birinchi Bora; Vikrant Sharma. Degradation of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules after 22 years of outdoor exposure in the composite climate of India. Solar Energy 2016, 135, 786 -795.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, G.N. Tiwari, O.S. Sastry, Birinchi Bora, Vikrant Sharma. Degradation of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules after 22 years of outdoor exposure in the composite climate of India. Solar Energy. 2016; 135 ():786-795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; G.N. Tiwari; O.S. Sastry; Birinchi Bora; Vikrant Sharma. 2016. "Degradation of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules after 22 years of outdoor exposure in the composite climate of India." Solar Energy 135, no. : 786-795.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2015 in 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)
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This paper presents the analysis of visual and electrical degradation of 22 years field aged mono crystalline silicon PV module in composite climate of India. The visual degradation data is correlated with the electrical performance degradation data. Average power degradation rate for the studied PV module is more than 1% per year. The discoloration of back-sheet, bus-bar, cell inter connect ribbon, string interconnect ribbon and solar cell are found to be obvious in all the modules, however the percentage of defects are different.

ACS Style

Pramod Rajput; G. N. Tiwari; Birinchi Bora; O. S. Sastry. Visual and electrical degradation of 22 years field age monocrystalline silicon PV module in composite climate of India. 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) 2015, 1 -3.

AMA Style

Pramod Rajput, G. N. Tiwari, Birinchi Bora, O. S. Sastry. Visual and electrical degradation of 22 years field age monocrystalline silicon PV module in composite climate of India. 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC). 2015; ():1-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod Rajput; G. N. Tiwari; Birinchi Bora; O. S. Sastry. 2015. "Visual and electrical degradation of 22 years field age monocrystalline silicon PV module in composite climate of India." 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) , no. : 1-3.