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Athanasia Petala
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Bakola & Sialvera, GR-50132 Kozani, Greece

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Review
Published: 22 August 2021 in Environments
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Nowadays, the research on the environmental applications of electrochemistry to remove recalcitrant and priority pollutants and, in particular, drugs from the aqueous phase has increased dramatically. This literature review summarizes the applications of electrochemical oxidation in recent years to decompose pharmaceuticals that are often detected in environmental samples such as carbamazapine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, etc. Similar to most physicochemical processes, efficiency depends on many operating parameters, while the combination with either biological or other physicochemical methods seems particularly attractive. In addition, various strategies such as using three-dimensional electrodes or the electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to overcome the disadvantages of electrochemical oxidation. Finally, some guidelines are proposed for future research into the applications of environmental electrochemistry for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds and micropollutants from environmental matrices. The main goal of the present review paper is to facilitate future researchers to design their experiments concerning the electrochemical oxidation processes for the degradation of micropollutants/emerging contaminants, especially, some specific drugs considering, also, the existing limitations of each process.

ACS Style

Georgios Bampos; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis. Recent Trends in Pharmaceuticals Removal from Water Using Electrochemical Oxidation Processes. Environments 2021, 8, 85 .

AMA Style

Georgios Bampos, Athanasia Petala, Zacharias Frontistis. Recent Trends in Pharmaceuticals Removal from Water Using Electrochemical Oxidation Processes. Environments. 2021; 8 (8):85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georgios Bampos; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis. 2021. "Recent Trends in Pharmaceuticals Removal from Water Using Electrochemical Oxidation Processes." Environments 8, no. 8: 85.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Nanomaterials
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The catalytic performance of supported Ni catalysts for the propane steam reforming reaction was investigated with respect to the nature of the support. It was found that Ni is much more active when supported on ZrO2 or YSZ compared to TiO2, whereas Al2O3− and CeO2-supported catalysts exhibit intermediate performance. The turnover frequency (TOF) of C3H8 conversion increases by more than one order of magnitude in the order Ni/TiO2< Ni/CeO2< Ni/Al2O3< Ni/YSZ < Ni/ZrO2, accompanied by a parallel increase of the selectivity toward the intermediate methane produced. In situ FTIR experiments indicate that CHx species produced via the dissociative adsorption of propane are the key reaction intermediates, with their hydrogenation to CH4 and/or conversion to formates and, eventually, to CO, being favored over the most active Ni/ZrO2 catalyst. Long term stability test showed that Ni/ZrO2 exhibits excellent stability for more than 30 h on stream and thus, it can be considered as a suitable catalyst for the production of H2 via propane steam reforming.

ACS Style

Aliki Kokka; Athanasia Petala; Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou. Support Effects on the Activity of Ni Catalysts for the Propane Steam Reforming Reaction. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1948 .

AMA Style

Aliki Kokka, Athanasia Petala, Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou. Support Effects on the Activity of Ni Catalysts for the Propane Steam Reforming Reaction. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (8):1948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aliki Kokka; Athanasia Petala; Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou. 2021. "Support Effects on the Activity of Ni Catalysts for the Propane Steam Reforming Reaction." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 1948.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Catalysts
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In the present study, the removal of valsartan (VLS), an antihypertensive agent, under simulated solar radiation with the use of molybdenum sulfide-bismuth oxychloride composites (MoS2/BiOCl), of variable MoS2 content (0.1–10.0 wt.%) was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the photocatalysts were examined by XRD, DRS, BET and TEM/HRTEM. Preliminary tests were conducted to examine the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized MoS2/BiOCl composites towards VLS degradation in ultrapure water (UPW). It was found that the activity of pure BiOCl is improved with the addition of MoS2. The degradation rate was maximized with the use of the catalyst containing 0.25 wt.% MoS2. It was also found that the increase in catalyst concentration (50–1000 mg/L) enhances VLS degradation. It was found that VLS removal decreased by increasing VLS concentration. The effect of the water matrix on VLS removal was studied by carrying out experiments in real and synthetic water matrices. VLS degradation in UPW was faster than in bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW), mainly due to the existence of organic matter in real aqueous media. Lastly, 0.25 wt.% MoS2/BiOCl showed great stability after 360 min of irradiation, serving as a promising catalyst for water remediation of emerging contaminants under solar irradiation.

ACS Style

Eleni Grilla; Maria Kagialari; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Photocatalytic Degradation of Valsartan by MoS2/BiOCl Heterojunctions. Catalysts 2021, 11, 650 .

AMA Style

Eleni Grilla, Maria Kagialari, Athanasia Petala, Zacharias Frontistis, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Photocatalytic Degradation of Valsartan by MoS2/BiOCl Heterojunctions. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (6):650.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Grilla; Maria Kagialari; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2021. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Valsartan by MoS2/BiOCl Heterojunctions." Catalysts 11, no. 6: 650.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2020 in Catalysts
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In recent years, the presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in surface waters and wastewaters has b the effectiveness of conventional water treatment methods. Towards this direction, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the complete elimination of micro pollutants in waters have become an emerging area of research. The present study reports the heterogeneous activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) by LaNiO3 (LNO) perovskite oxide for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), an antibiotic agent. LNO was prepared according to a combustion method, and its physicochemical characteristics were identified by means of XRD, BET, TEM, and SEM/EDS. SMX degradation results showed the great efficiency of LNO for SPS activation. Increasing LNO and SPS dosage up to 250 mg/L enhanced the SMX degradation. In contrast, increasing SMX concentration resulted in longer time periods for its degradation. Considering the pH effect, SMX removal was obstructed under basic conditions, while the efficiency was enhanced at near-neutral conditions. The present system’s activity was also tested for piroxicam (PIR) and methylparaben (MeP) degradation, showing promising results. Unfortunately, experiments conducted in real water matrices such as bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW), showed that SMX removal was limited to less than 25% in both cases. The hindering effects were mainly attributed to bicarbonate ions and organic matter present in aqueous media. The results obtained using suitable radical scavengers revealed the contribution of both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals in degradation reactions. Finally, LNO exhibited good stability under consecutive experimental runs.

ACS Style

Athanasia Petala; Olga S. Arvaniti; Maria Christofili; Alexandros Safakas; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Lanthanum Nickel Oxide: An Effective Heterogeneous Activator of Sodium Persulfate for Antibiotics Elimination. Catalysts 2020, 10, 1373 .

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Olga S. Arvaniti, Maria Christofili, Alexandros Safakas, Zacharias Frontistis, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Lanthanum Nickel Oxide: An Effective Heterogeneous Activator of Sodium Persulfate for Antibiotics Elimination. Catalysts. 2020; 10 (12):1373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Olga S. Arvaniti; Maria Christofili; Alexandros Safakas; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2020. "Lanthanum Nickel Oxide: An Effective Heterogeneous Activator of Sodium Persulfate for Antibiotics Elimination." Catalysts 10, no. 12: 1373.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Water
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The present study examines the photocatalytic properties of silver carbonate (Ag2CO3) for ethyl paraben (EP) degradation under simulated solar irradiation. Ag2CO3 was prepared according to a solution method and its physicochemical characteristics were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Complete EP (0.5 mg/L) removal was achieved after 120 min of irradiation with the use of 750 mg/L Ag2CO3 in ultrapure water (UPW), with EP degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effect of several experimental parameters was investigated; increasing catalyst concentration from 250 mg/L to 1000 mg/L led to an increase in EP removal, while increasing EP concentration from 0.25 mg/L to 1.00 mg/L slightly lowered kapp from 0.115 min−1 to 0.085 min−1. Experiments carried out with the use of UV or visible cut-off filters showed sufficient EP degradation under visible irradiation. A series of experiments were performed in real water matrices such as bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW), manifesting Ag2CO3’s equally high photocatalytic activity for EP degradation. To interpret these results different concentrations of inorganic anions (bicarbonate 100–500 mg/L, chloride 100–500 mg/L) present in aqueous media, as well as 10 mg/L organic matter in the form of humic acid (HA), were added sequentially in UPW. Results showed accelerating effects on EP degradation for the lowest concentrations tested in all cases.

ACS Style

Athanasia Petala; Athanasia Nasiou; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Zacharias Frontistis. Photocatalytic Evaluation of Ag2CO3 for Ethylparaben Degradation in Different Water Matrices. Water 2020, 12, 1180 .

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Athanasia Nasiou, Dionissios Mantzavinos, Zacharias Frontistis. Photocatalytic Evaluation of Ag2CO3 for Ethylparaben Degradation in Different Water Matrices. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Athanasia Nasiou; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Zacharias Frontistis. 2020. "Photocatalytic Evaluation of Ag2CO3 for Ethylparaben Degradation in Different Water Matrices." Water 12, no. 4: 1180.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2020 in Catalysis Today
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In the present study, the efficiency of immobilized CuOx catalyst for sodium persulfate (SPS) activation was investigated. The efficiency of the CuOx/SPS system was evaluated for sulfamethoxazole (SMX), an antibiotic agent, degradation. CuOx nanoparticles were grown on TiO2 pellets, serving as supporting material. Information about the morphology and physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst was obtained by means of BET, SEM and XRD. The activity of CuOx/SPS system was first studied in a batch reactor resulting in complete 0.5 mg/L SMX removal in 90 min. SMX degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effect of SPS (100-500 mg/L) concentration was also tested. Additional experiments were carried out under simulated solar irradiation showing the existence of synergistic phenomena. The performance of the CuOx/SPS system was further evaluated under real and synthetic water matrices. Apparent rate constant decreased from 0.028 min-1 in ultrapure water to 0.007 min-1 and 0.003 min-1 in the case of bottled water and wastewater, correspondingly. SMX removal was mainly hindered by the presence of bicarbonate. The by-products of SMX degradation were identified by LC-MS-TOF. In order to investigate the long-term performance of the present system, the CuOx/SPS process was operated in a continuous-flow mode at a flow rate of 0.56 mL/min (corresponding to residence time of 40 min); under these conditions, SMX removal remained remarkably stable at ∼80% for 118 h or operation.

ACS Style

Kosmas Lalas; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Sulfamethoxazole degradation by the CuOx/persulfate system. Catalysis Today 2020, 361, 139 -145.

AMA Style

Kosmas Lalas, Athanasia Petala, Zacharias Frontistis, Ioannis Konstantinou, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Sulfamethoxazole degradation by the CuOx/persulfate system. Catalysis Today. 2020; 361 ():139-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kosmas Lalas; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2020. "Sulfamethoxazole degradation by the CuOx/persulfate system." Catalysis Today 361, no. : 139-145.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2020 in Catalysis Today
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This study reports the heterogeneous activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) by La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-δ (LSC) perovskite oxide for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a representative antibiotic agent. LSC was synthesized by a combustion method and characterized with respect to its physicochemical characteristics by means of nitrogen isotherm absorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM). LSC showed high activity towards SPS activation, resulting in complete SMX degradation in short time periods. The effect of SPS (100-500 mg/L), catalyst (100-500 mg/L) and SMX (0.125-0.5 mg/L) concentrations, as well as initial solution pH on SMX removal was studied. Apart from ultrapure water (UPW), additional experiments were conducted in bottled water (BW) and secondary treated wastewater (WW), showing the existence of retarding phenomena in SMX degradation. In order to further investigate these phenomena, experiments in UPW spiked with bicarbonate or chloride ions and humic acid were also carried out. The role of reactive oxygen species (sulfate and hydroxyl radicals) was determined with the use of suitable scavengers (methanol, t-butanol). Catalyst stability was assessed for five consecutive runs showing LSC superior recyclability. Coupling activators (LSC with simulated solar irradiation) resulted in faster SMX degradation in a synergistic rather than cumulative way.

ACS Style

C. Gkika; A. Petala; Z. Frontistis; G. Bampos; D. Hela; I. Konstantinou; D. Mantzavinos. Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by lanthanum strontium cobaltite for sulfamethoxazole degradation. Catalysis Today 2020, 361, 130 -138.

AMA Style

C. Gkika, A. Petala, Z. Frontistis, G. Bampos, D. Hela, I. Konstantinou, D. Mantzavinos. Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by lanthanum strontium cobaltite for sulfamethoxazole degradation. Catalysis Today. 2020; 361 ():130-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Gkika; A. Petala; Z. Frontistis; G. Bampos; D. Hela; I. Konstantinou; D. Mantzavinos. 2020. "Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by lanthanum strontium cobaltite for sulfamethoxazole degradation." Catalysis Today 361, no. : 130-138.

Research article
Published: 07 November 2019 in ACS Applied Energy Materials
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In the present work, α-Mn3O4 (hausmannite) nanostructured films were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on indium tin oxide- (ITO-) coated glass substrates from a β-diketonate-diamine Mn(II) precursor. Materials were grown in a N2+O2 atmosphere in the presence of water vapor, investigating the influence of growth temperature and total pressure on the system structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties through a multi-technique characterization approach. The obtained α-Mn3O4 nanodeposits were ultimately tested as catalysts in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water under simulated solar illumination, with particular focus on the interplay relationships between the adopted preparative conditions and the resulting functional performances. The amphoteric semiconducting behavior, along with the PEC properties markedly dependent on the deposit nanoscale organization, open interesting avenues to an eventual implementation of the target materials in view of sustainable applications.

ACS Style

Alberto Gasparotto; Chiara Maccato; Athanasia Petala; Symeon Bebelis; Cinzia Sada; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Davide Barreca. Nanoscale Mn3O4 Thin Film Photoelectrodes Fabricated by a Vapor-Phase Route. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2019, 2, 8294 -8302.

AMA Style

Alberto Gasparotto, Chiara Maccato, Athanasia Petala, Symeon Bebelis, Cinzia Sada, Dimitris I. Kondarides, Davide Barreca. Nanoscale Mn3O4 Thin Film Photoelectrodes Fabricated by a Vapor-Phase Route. ACS Applied Energy Materials. 2019; 2 (11):8294-8302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Gasparotto; Chiara Maccato; Athanasia Petala; Symeon Bebelis; Cinzia Sada; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Davide Barreca. 2019. "Nanoscale Mn3O4 Thin Film Photoelectrodes Fabricated by a Vapor-Phase Route." ACS Applied Energy Materials 2, no. 11: 8294-8302.

Full paper
Published: 03 June 2019 in Advanced Sustainable Systems
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The utilization of solar radiation to trigger photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has gained interest for sustainable energy production. In this study, attention is focused on the development of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposite photoanodes. The target systems are obtained by growing porous arrays of highly crystalline, elongated ZnO nanostructures on indium tin oxide (ITO) by chemical vapor deposition. Subsequently, the obtained nanodeposits are functionalized with TiO2 via radio frequency‐sputtering for different process durations, and subjected to final annealing in air. Characterization results demonstrate the successful formation of high purity composite systems in which the surface of ZnO nanostructures is decorated by ultra‐small amounts of amorphous titania, whose content can be conveniently tailored as a function of deposition time. Photocurrent density measurements in sunlight‐triggered water splitting highlight a remarkable performance enhancement with respect to single‐phase zinc and titanium oxides, with up to a threefold photocurrent increase compared to bare ZnO. These results, mainly traced back to the formation of ZnO/TiO2 heterojunctions yielding an improved photocarrier separation, show that the target nanocomposites are attractive photoanodes for efficient PEC water splitting.

ACS Style

Alberto Gasparotto; Chiara Maccato; Cinzia Sada; Giorgio Carraro; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Symeon Bebelis; Athanasia Petala; Andrea La Porta; Thomas Altantzis; Davide Barreca. Controlled Surface Modification of ZnO Nanostructures with Amorphous TiO 2 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Advanced Sustainable Systems 2019, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Alberto Gasparotto, Chiara Maccato, Cinzia Sada, Giorgio Carraro, Dimitris I. Kondarides, Symeon Bebelis, Athanasia Petala, Andrea La Porta, Thomas Altantzis, Davide Barreca. Controlled Surface Modification of ZnO Nanostructures with Amorphous TiO 2 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Advanced Sustainable Systems. 2019; 3 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Gasparotto; Chiara Maccato; Cinzia Sada; Giorgio Carraro; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Symeon Bebelis; Athanasia Petala; Andrea La Porta; Thomas Altantzis; Davide Barreca. 2019. "Controlled Surface Modification of ZnO Nanostructures with Amorphous TiO 2 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." Advanced Sustainable Systems 3, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Cobalt-promoted bismuth vanadate photocatalysts of variable cobalt content (0-1.0 wt.%) were synthesized and characterized with various techniques including BET, XRD, DRS, XPS and TEM. BiVO exists in the monoclinic scheelite structure, while cobalt addition improves the absorbance in the visible region although it does not affect the band gap energy of BiVO. Cobalt exists in the form of well-dispersed CoO nanocrystallites, which are in intimate contact with the much larger BiVO nanoparticles. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of propyl paraben (PP) under simulated solar radiation. The activity of pristine BiVO is significantly improved adding small amounts of cobalt and is maximized for the catalyst containing 0.5 wt.% Co. PP degradation in ultrapure pure water increases with increasing photocatalyst loading (100 mg/L to 1.5 g/L), and decreasing PP concentration (1600-200 μg/L). Experiments in bottled water, as well as in pure water spiked with bicarbonate and chloride ions showed little effect of non-target inorganics on degradation. Conversely, degradation is severely impeded in secondary treated wastewater. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts is attributed to efficient electron-hole separation, achieved at the p-n junction formed between the p-type CoO and the n-type BiVO semiconductors.

ACS Style

Athanasia Petala; Antigoni Noe; Zacharias Frontistis; Charalampos Drivas; Stella Kennou; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. Synthesis and characterization of CoOx/BiVO4 photocatalysts for the degradation of propyl paraben. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 372, 52 -60.

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Antigoni Noe, Zacharias Frontistis, Charalampos Drivas, Stella Kennou, Dionissios Mantzavinos, Dimitris I. Kondarides. Synthesis and characterization of CoOx/BiVO4 photocatalysts for the degradation of propyl paraben. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 372 ():52-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Antigoni Noe; Zacharias Frontistis; Charalampos Drivas; Stella Kennou; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. 2019. "Synthesis and characterization of CoOx/BiVO4 photocatalysts for the degradation of propyl paraben." Journal of Hazardous Materials 372, no. : 52-60.

Review article
Published: 08 April 2019 in Catalysis Today
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The catalytic activity of supported Ni (5 wt.%) catalysts for the selective methanation of CO in the presence of excess CO2 has been investigated with respect to the nature of the support, operating and pretreatment conditions employed. It has been found that catalytic activity of Ni depends appreciably on the nature of the support. The specific reaction rate (TOF) for CO hydrogenation increases by 2 order of magnitude in the order of Ni/CeO2< Ni/Al2O3< Ni/YSZ < Ni/ZrO2< Ni/TiO2. The effect of the nature of the support is less pronounced for the CO2 hydrogenation with specific activity being one order of magnitude higher when Ni is supported on ZrO2 compared to CeO2, whereas Ni/TiO2, Ni/YSZ and Ni/Al2O3 exhibit intermediate performance. Results provide evidences that the performance of 5%Ni/TiO2 catalysts can be improved by optimizing operating and/or pretreatment conditions. In particular, catalytic activity for both CO and CO2 hydrogenation reactions can be increased with decreasing the gas hourly space velocity. The improvement is lower for the CO2 methanation, thus, expanding the temperature window for the selective methanation of CO. It has been found that increase of the in situ reduction temperature or time prior to catalytic performance tests results in an increase of the CO2 methanation reaction rate, whereas CO hydrogenation remains practically unaffected. DRIFT results showed that the relative population of reactive surface species (Ni carbonyls) for the CO methanation reaction are not affected by varying pretreatment conditions. However, population of reactive surface species (formates) for the CO2 methanation increases under prolonged reduction of catalyst. Therefore, mild in situ reduction conditions of Ni/TiO2 catalyst are required in order the selective methanation of CO to be operable in a wide temperature range.

ACS Style

Aliki Kokka; Theodora Ramantani; Athanasia Petala; Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou. Effect of the nature of the support, operating and pretreatment conditions on the catalytic performance of supported Ni catalysts for the selective methanation of CO. Catalysis Today 2019, 355, 832 -843.

AMA Style

Aliki Kokka, Theodora Ramantani, Athanasia Petala, Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou. Effect of the nature of the support, operating and pretreatment conditions on the catalytic performance of supported Ni catalysts for the selective methanation of CO. Catalysis Today. 2019; 355 ():832-843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aliki Kokka; Theodora Ramantani; Athanasia Petala; Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou. 2019. "Effect of the nature of the support, operating and pretreatment conditions on the catalytic performance of supported Ni catalysts for the selective methanation of CO." Catalysis Today 355, no. : 832-843.

Review article
Published: 17 March 2019 in Catalysis Today
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Photocatalytic production of hydrogen has been investigated over irradiated aqueous dispersions of mixed Cd-Zn sulfide catalysts (CZS) promoted with nickel or nickel phosphide in the presence of sulfide/sulfite ions as sacrificial electron donors. The CZS composites were prepared by a co-precipitation method followed by calcination in air at temperatures in the range of 300 to 600 °C. It has been found that heat treatment at 500 °C results in materials with increased activity for H2 evolution, which is attributed to the formation of the Zn0.78Cd0.22S phase. Photocatalytic performance of CZS(500) is further improved following addition of small amounts of Ni or Ni2P on the photocatalyst surface. The activity of the optimized materials, loaded with 0.05 wt.% Ni or 0.25 wt.% Ni2P, exhibit similar activity with a Pt-promoted CZS(500) catalyst, and is one order of magnitude higher than that of the reference TiO2 catalyst of the same platinum loading (0.25 wt.% Pt). Results of long-term stability tests show that the 0.25%Ni2P/CZS(500) catalyst is very stable in the presence of S2-/SO32- ions in solution, with cadmium leaching not exceeding 0.1% after 65 h under irradiation. Experiments performed with the use of low (or negative) cost waste materials, such as real wastewater resulting from film printing processes or glycerol solutions, demonstrate that the 0.25%Ni2P/CZS(500) photocatalyst exhibits stable H2 evolution even in the absence of S2-/SO32- ions and has the potential to be used as a solar light-responsive photocatalyst for practical applications.

ACS Style

Athanasia Petala; Dimitris I. Kondarides. Photocatalytic hydrogen production over mixed Cd-Zn sulfide catalysts promoted with nickel or nickel phosphide. Catalysis Today 2019, 355, 851 -859.

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Dimitris I. Kondarides. Photocatalytic hydrogen production over mixed Cd-Zn sulfide catalysts promoted with nickel or nickel phosphide. Catalysis Today. 2019; 355 ():851-859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Dimitris I. Kondarides. 2019. "Photocatalytic hydrogen production over mixed Cd-Zn sulfide catalysts promoted with nickel or nickel phosphide." Catalysis Today 355, no. : 851-859.

Review article
Published: 13 February 2019 in Catalysis Today
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In this study, carbon black (CB) was employed as a heterogeneous activator for the conversion of sodium persulfate (SPS) to reactive species for the degradation of drug diclofenac (DCF). Experiments were performed at DCF concentrations between 0.5 and 4 mg/L, CB concentrations between 25 and 75 mg/L and SPS concentrations between 25 and 200 mg/L. Degradation rates, based on pseudo-first order kinetics, generally increased with decreasing DCF and increasing CB concentrations. The rate also increased with increasing SPS concentration up to 50 mg/L and decreased at higher values due to scavenging effects. Besides experiments in ultrapure water (UPW), real matrices were tested (i.e. bottled water (BW), surface water (SW), secondary treated wastewater (WW)), as well as UPW spiked with bicarbonate (50-500 mg/L), chloride (100-500 mg/L) or humic acid (10-20 mg/L). Degradation rates decreased with increasing matrix complexity, while the addition of chloride or humic acid was detrimental to the process; on the contrary, bicarbonate at 500 mg/L enhanced DCF degradation rate nearly five-fold. The effect of initial solution pH was also studied in the range 3-9.5 showing that degradation was not pH-sensitive. Experiments were also performed activating SPS by simulated solar radiation or 20 kHz ultrasound with or without CB. Coupling activators (i.e. CB with solar light or CB with ultrasound) favored DCF degradation in a synergistic way, with the level of synergy being 45-50%.

ACS Style

Sofia Dimitriadou; Zacharias Frontistis; Athanasia Petala; Georgios Bampos; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Carbocatalytic activation of persulfate for the removal of drug diclofenac from aqueous matrices. Catalysis Today 2019, 355, 937 -944.

AMA Style

Sofia Dimitriadou, Zacharias Frontistis, Athanasia Petala, Georgios Bampos, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Carbocatalytic activation of persulfate for the removal of drug diclofenac from aqueous matrices. Catalysis Today. 2019; 355 ():937-944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Dimitriadou; Zacharias Frontistis; Athanasia Petala; Georgios Bampos; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2019. "Carbocatalytic activation of persulfate for the removal of drug diclofenac from aqueous matrices." Catalysis Today 355, no. : 937-944.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2018 in Catalysis Today
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The present work evaluates the efficiency of immobilized silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) catalyst for the removal of emerging micro-pollutants under continuous flow conditions. The Ag3PO4 nanoparticles were grown on TiO2 pellets, which served as supporting material, and incorporated into an annular lab-made photoreactor operating in continuous mode. The photocatalyst was characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) acquiring data about its crystallographic structure and chemical composition at different times of irradiation. The activity of the present system was investigated for long-term operation for the destruction of 0.5 mg/L sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, which corresponds to a residence time of 11 min. The photocatalyst shows high removal efficiency (ca 75%) even after 74 h of operation. Consecutive experiments using the same photocatalyst were also carried out varying initial SMX concentration, residence time, type of micro-pollutants and the water matrix. SMX removal was found to increase decreasing flow rate in the range 4-1 mL/min and SMX concentration in the range 2-0.5 mg/L. Treatment efficiency in the case of different micro-pollutants like propylparaben and bisphenol A reached 60%, proving the wide-range applicability of Ag3PO4 catalyst. Moreover, when the water matrix was switched from ultrapure water (UPW) to bottled water or UPW spiked with bicarbonate or chloride only a slight deterioration on SMX removal was recorded. However, the presence of humic acid in the water matrix was found to decrease the photocatalytic activity.

ACS Style

Athanasia Petala; Dimitra Spyrou; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. Immobilized Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for micro-pollutants removal in a continuous flow annular photoreactor. Catalysis Today 2018, 328, 223 -229.

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Dimitra Spyrou, Zacharias Frontistis, Dionissios Mantzavinos, Dimitris I. Kondarides. Immobilized Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for micro-pollutants removal in a continuous flow annular photoreactor. Catalysis Today. 2018; 328 ():223-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Dimitra Spyrou; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. 2018. "Immobilized Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for micro-pollutants removal in a continuous flow annular photoreactor." Catalysis Today 328, no. : 223-229.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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A series of CuOx/BiVO4 catalysts of variable copper loading (0-3.0 wt.% Cu) were synthesized and characterized with the use of several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Results show that all samples exhibit the monoclinic scheelite structure of BiVO4 and have similar band gaps (2.25-2.30 eV) and specific surface areas (0.6-1.5 m2/g). Copper is well-dispersed on the surface of BiVO4 in the form of small (<5 nm) CuOx (most possibly CuO) crystallites. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials was evaluated for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under artificial visible- and solar-light irradiation. Pure BiVO4 was found to be active for the title reaction and its photocatalytic performance is substantially improved following addition of copper. Optimal results were obtained for the catalyst containing 0.75 wt.% Cu, which was further investigated to study the effects of operating conditions and water matrix on catalytic performance. Results show that the rate of BPA degradation increases dramatically (by a factor of 15) in the presence of bicarbonate (HCO3-), compared to ultrapure water. The role of HCO3- was investigated with EPR and DMPO- and PBN-spin-trapping experiments, which allowed quantification of hydroxyl (•OH) and carbonate (CO3-•) radicals. It was shown that significant amounts of •OH and CO3-• radicals are photo-produced over both the pure and the copper-loaded BiVO4, with the rate of radicals formation being 3 times higher for the latter catalyst. Results are explained considering the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the p-n heterojunction developed between the n-type BiVO4 and the p-type CuO (or Cu2O) semiconductors. In contrast to the •OH radicals, which diffuse away from the particle surface, the CO3-• radicals accumulate at the particle interface. The by-products of BPA degradation were identified by LC-MS-TOF over the Cu-loaded catalyst and results were used to propose possible reaction pathways. It is concluded that the exceptionally high photodegradation rate observed in the presence of HCO3- can be attributed to the formation of large amounts of •OH radicals in the bulk solution, which react with BPA to yield reaction by-products through hydroxylation and scission of the bond between the isopropylidene carbon and the phenyl group.

ACS Style

Ypatia Kanigaridou; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Maria Solakidou; Ioannis Konstantinou; Yannis Deligiannakis; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. Solar photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A with CuO x /BiVO 4 : Insights into the unexpectedly favorable effect of bicarbonates. Chemical Engineering Journal 2017, 318, 39 -49.

AMA Style

Ypatia Kanigaridou, Athanasia Petala, Zacharias Frontistis, Maria Antonopoulou, Maria Solakidou, Ioannis Konstantinou, Yannis Deligiannakis, Dionissios Mantzavinos, Dimitris I. Kondarides. Solar photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A with CuO x /BiVO 4 : Insights into the unexpectedly favorable effect of bicarbonates. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2017; 318 ():39-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ypatia Kanigaridou; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Maria Solakidou; Ioannis Konstantinou; Yannis Deligiannakis; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. 2017. "Solar photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A with CuO x /BiVO 4 : Insights into the unexpectedly favorable effect of bicarbonates." Chemical Engineering Journal 318, no. : 39-49.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Catalysis Today
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Vasiliki Repousi; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A over Rh/TiO 2 suspensions in different water matrices. Catalysis Today 2017, 284, 59 -66.

AMA Style

Vasiliki Repousi, Athanasia Petala, Zacharias Frontistis, Maria Antonopoulou, Ioannis Konstantinou, Dimitris I. Kondarides, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A over Rh/TiO 2 suspensions in different water matrices. Catalysis Today. 2017; 284 ():59-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasiliki Repousi; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2017. "Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A over Rh/TiO 2 suspensions in different water matrices." Catalysis Today 284, no. : 59-66.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Catalysis Today
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Athanasia Petala; Remi Bontemps; Antoine Spartatouille; Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Solar light-induced degradation of ethyl paraben with CuO x /BiVO 4 : Statistical evaluation of operating factors and transformation by-products. Catalysis Today 2017, 280, 122 -131.

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Remi Bontemps, Antoine Spartatouille, Zacharias Frontistis, Maria Antonopoulou, Ioannis Konstantinou, Dimitris I. Kondarides, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Solar light-induced degradation of ethyl paraben with CuO x /BiVO 4 : Statistical evaluation of operating factors and transformation by-products. Catalysis Today. 2017; 280 ():122-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Remi Bontemps; Antoine Spartatouille; Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dimitris I. Kondarides; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2017. "Solar light-induced degradation of ethyl paraben with CuO x /BiVO 4 : Statistical evaluation of operating factors and transformation by-products." Catalysis Today 280, no. : 122-131.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Catalysis Today
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Mir Edris Taheri; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. Fast photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Ag 3 PO 4 /TiO 2 composites under solar radiation. Catalysis Today 2017, 280, 99 -107.

AMA Style

Mir Edris Taheri, Athanasia Petala, Zacharias Frontistis, Dionissios Mantzavinos, Dimitris I. Kondarides. Fast photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Ag 3 PO 4 /TiO 2 composites under solar radiation. Catalysis Today. 2017; 280 ():99-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mir Edris Taheri; Athanasia Petala; Zacharias Frontistis; Dionissios Mantzavinos; Dimitris I. Kondarides. 2017. "Fast photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Ag 3 PO 4 /TiO 2 composites under solar radiation." Catalysis Today 280, no. : 99-107.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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In this work, the solar light-induced photocatalytic degradation of ethyl paraben (EP), a representative of the parabens family, was studied using silver orthophosphate, a relatively new photocatalytic material. The catalyst was synthesized by a precipitation method and had a primary crystallite size of ca 70nm, specific surface area of 1.4m(2)/g and a bandgap of 2.4eV. A factorial design methodology was implemented to evaluate the importance of EP concentration (500-1500μg/L), catalyst concentration (100-500mg/L), reaction time (4-30min), water matrix (pure water or 10mg/L humic acid) and initial solution pH (3-9) on EP removal. All individual effects but solution pH were statistically significant and so were the second-order interactions of EP concentration with reaction time or catalyst concentration. The water matrix effect was negative (all other effects were positive) signifying the role of humic acid as scavenger of the oxidant species. Liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry revealed the formation of methyl paraben, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid and phenol as primary transformation by-products; these are formed through dealkylation and decarboxylation reactions initiated primarily by the photogenerated holes. Estrogenicity assays showed that methyl paraben was more estrogenic than EP; however, parabens are slightly estrogenic compared to 17β-estradiol.

ACS Style

Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Athanasia Petala; Danae Venieri; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dimitris Kondarides; Dionissios Mantzavinos. Photodegradation of ethyl paraben using simulated solar radiation and Ag3PO4 photocatalyst. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2017, 323, 478 -488.

AMA Style

Zacharias Frontistis, Maria Antonopoulou, Athanasia Petala, Danae Venieri, Ioannis Konstantinou, Dimitris Kondarides, Dionissios Mantzavinos. Photodegradation of ethyl paraben using simulated solar radiation and Ag3PO4 photocatalyst. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2017; 323 ():478-488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zacharias Frontistis; Maria Antonopoulou; Athanasia Petala; Danae Venieri; Ioannis Konstantinou; Dimitris Kondarides; Dionissios Mantzavinos. 2017. "Photodegradation of ethyl paraben using simulated solar radiation and Ag3PO4 photocatalyst." Journal of Hazardous Materials 323, no. : 478-488.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
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Athanasia Petala; Evangelia Ioannidou; Aglaia Georgaka; Kyriakos Bourikas; Dimitris Kondarides. Hysteresis phenomena and rate fluctuations under conditions of glycerol photo-reforming reaction over CuOx/TiO2 catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2015, 178, 201 -209.

AMA Style

Athanasia Petala, Evangelia Ioannidou, Aglaia Georgaka, Kyriakos Bourikas, Dimitris Kondarides. Hysteresis phenomena and rate fluctuations under conditions of glycerol photo-reforming reaction over CuOx/TiO2 catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2015; 178 ():201-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasia Petala; Evangelia Ioannidou; Aglaia Georgaka; Kyriakos Bourikas; Dimitris Kondarides. 2015. "Hysteresis phenomena and rate fluctuations under conditions of glycerol photo-reforming reaction over CuOx/TiO2 catalysts." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 178, no. : 201-209.