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This paper presents the onsite temperature monitoring of ETICS walls located in a Mediterranean climate, looking to compare different conditions and insulation materials. The walls incorporate several insulation products, including vacuum insulation panels. Different finishing coats and orientations were considered. Additionally, a 2D numerical model was used to simulate the transient thermal behaviour of the case study walls. The results show that walls with a greater insulation capacity finished with a white coloured surface were more likely to develop surface condensations, and consequently, microbiological growth. Black walls showed higher temperature amplitudes increasing the risk of the rendering cracking.
Márcio Gonçalves; Nuno Simões; Catarina Serra; João Almeida; Inês Flores-Colen; Nuno Vieira de Castro; Luis Duarte. Onsite monitoring of ETICS comparing different exposure conditions and insulation materials. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 42, 103067 .
AMA StyleMárcio Gonçalves, Nuno Simões, Catarina Serra, João Almeida, Inês Flores-Colen, Nuno Vieira de Castro, Luis Duarte. Onsite monitoring of ETICS comparing different exposure conditions and insulation materials. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 42 ():103067.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMárcio Gonçalves; Nuno Simões; Catarina Serra; João Almeida; Inês Flores-Colen; Nuno Vieira de Castro; Luis Duarte. 2021. "Onsite monitoring of ETICS comparing different exposure conditions and insulation materials." Journal of Building Engineering 42, no. : 103067.
Solar and Trombe walls are envelope solutions that can contribute to reduce the energy consumption of the building sector. However, few studies have looked at their behaviour in warm/hot climates, particularly at avoiding and counteracting the overheating risk. This study therefore set out to assess how subtypes of the Mediterranean climate would affect the energy performance of these systems. Shading devices such as overhangs or blinds, combined with interior and exterior vents were studied. Parameters such as thermal mass, channel width and vent dimensions were also evaluated. Dynamic energy simulations were performed using EnergyPlus v8.1 and Designbuilder v5.0.1 user interface. The results demonstrate that solar and Trombe walls can both lead to significant reductions in net energy demands if properly tailored shading devices and vents with specific seasonal and daily operation schedules are implemented. The night ventilation strategy is crucial to reducing cooling needs. The Trombe wall system helped to cut demand for heating by more than 20% without compromising the cooling season. In the southernmost locations, the inclusion of night ventilation leads to a decrease in cooling demands (average reduction of more than 35%).
N. Simões; M. Manaia; I. Simões. Energy Performance of Solar and Trombe Walls in Mediterranean Climates. Energy 2021, 234, 121197 .
AMA StyleN. Simões, M. Manaia, I. Simões. Energy Performance of Solar and Trombe Walls in Mediterranean Climates. Energy. 2021; 234 ():121197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Simões; M. Manaia; I. Simões. 2021. "Energy Performance of Solar and Trombe Walls in Mediterranean Climates." Energy 234, no. : 121197.
Recent years have seen an increasing need to invest in smart, energy-efficient technologies in buildings to improve health and convenience for occupants and to reduce energy consumption and carbon emission impacts. Digitalization and developments in the information and communication technology sector play a critical role in improving the efficiency of the European energy market and remaining in the current progress of sustainable and renewable energy systems. Therefore, the European Union Member States are required to establish an optional common scheme for defining and calculating a descriptor, called a smart readiness indicator to assess the capabilities of buildings to adapt their operation to the needs of the occupants and the electricity grid and to achieve more efficient operation. This indicator is calculated using a methodology proposed and developed by the European Commission Directorate-General for Energy which depends to a great extent on various factors such as building type and climate conditions. The effectiveness of these parameters on the Smart Readiness Indicator is reflected by the weighting coefficients which need to be initially defined by the legislator. Therefore, the main step to assess the viability of this methodology, is to test it in different situations, i.e., various building types, climate conditions, etc. To this end, the proposed methodology is applied in two service buildings with different levels of energy and indoor environment quality performance located in an area with a Mediterranean climate. The possible effects of smart services and retrofit actions on indoor environment quality and energy performance in the buildings were assessed through energy simulation for two separate rooms in the buildings, a monitoring campaign and a survey to assess the occupants’ subjective opinion about the indoor environmental quality using the questionnaire proposed by the Centre for the Built Environment of the University of California. The results imply that, although the proposed methodology was able to recognise the overall characteristics of the sample buildings, some amendments are still required to capture the specific features of non-residential Mediterranean climate buildings. More specifically, the defined weighting factors fail to reflect the actual energy performance of the service buildings and need to be revised. Moreover, the current retrofitting actions which were implemented to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort in the building were not as effective as expected in enhancing the SRI value.
Bahareh Ramezani; Manuel. Gameiro da Silva; Nuno Simões. Application of smart readiness indicator for Mediterranean buildings in retrofitting actions. Energy and Buildings 2021, 249, 111173 .
AMA StyleBahareh Ramezani, Manuel. Gameiro da Silva, Nuno Simões. Application of smart readiness indicator for Mediterranean buildings in retrofitting actions. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 249 ():111173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahareh Ramezani; Manuel. Gameiro da Silva; Nuno Simões. 2021. "Application of smart readiness indicator for Mediterranean buildings in retrofitting actions." Energy and Buildings 249, no. : 111173.
Green roofs are complex systems governed by intricate transport phenomena, which are frequently solved using simplified and empirical models. This paper describes a numerical model capable of solving the conservation equations that govern the unsteady nonlinear coupled moisture and heat energy transport through a multi-layer green roof composed of a structural support, a water storage layer, growing medium and canopy. To get an accurate insight into the role of different variables that affect the hygrothermal behaviour of green roofs, the temperature on the outer surface, as well as the outflow and inflow heat fluxes, were computed for different roof models and environmental conditions. A sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the role of the different layers and the canopy’s geometrical composition (e.g. vegetation coverage, plant height and leaf area index) in the energy balance of the building’s roof. Finally, to foresee the behaviour of the full canopy system under real climate conditions, weather data with distinct climatic characteristics from Bragança (Portugal) and Seville (Spain) were used. The simulated green roofs use insulation cork boards (ICBs) to replace both the water storage and insulation layers. Due to the intrinsic thermal characteristics of ICB (an ICB layer of 0.2 m allowed us to reduce the heat flux by about 58% compared with an ICB layer of 0.05 m), these roofs are expected to improve interior comfort and save energy. Although the ICB and soil layers made the greatest contribution to the thermal insulation, the characteristics of the vegetation were found to be of substantial importance to the overall performance of the green roof. The leaf area index (LAI) was the most relevant vegetation variable (a change from LAI = 2 to LAI = 5 decreased the inflow heat flux by about 27%), while difference in plant height did not lead to any significant change in inflow heat flux.
A. Tadeu; L. Škerget; J. Almeida; N. Simões. Canopy contribution to the energy balance of a building’s roof. Energy and Buildings 2021, 244, 111000 .
AMA StyleA. Tadeu, L. Škerget, J. Almeida, N. Simões. Canopy contribution to the energy balance of a building’s roof. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 244 ():111000.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Tadeu; L. Škerget; J. Almeida; N. Simões. 2021. "Canopy contribution to the energy balance of a building’s roof." Energy and Buildings 244, no. : 111000.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) paved the way to better information management in the construction sector, simplifying and encouraging the advent of digital technologies and tools. The application of large-scale additive manufacturing (AM) is growing and therefore subject to intensive research – on account of its disruptive potential to revolutionise the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. With this systematic literature review, the authors aim to identify the major advances made so far on AM's applicability to the construction sector, with particular attention being given to the thermal efficiency of 3D printed buildings. The article begins by presenting the review methodology applied and offering an outline of the current situation in the construction industry, followed by a discussion on different AM processes. Applications in the construction industry are presented and the development of extrudable materials is addressed. The influence of the thermal insulation of the building's envelope on its energy consumption is explained and experimental applications presented. The state-of-the-art shows that 3D printing (3DP) is still in an early stage and the research remains focused on the printability and structural capacity. There is a noticeable gap on physical aspects such as thermal and acoustic behaviour, which are of major importance to the indoor environment quality. By discussing the difference in performance between commercial thermal insulation materials and the existing 3D printed materials, this research outlines new ways of improving the thermal performance of 3D printed structures, by using additives in the printed mix or by acting on the wall's structure.
S. Pessoa; A.S. Guimarães; S.S. Lucas; N. Simões. 3D printing in the construction industry - A systematic review of the thermal performance in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 141, 110794 .
AMA StyleS. Pessoa, A.S. Guimarães, S.S. Lucas, N. Simões. 3D printing in the construction industry - A systematic review of the thermal performance in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 141 ():110794.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Pessoa; A.S. Guimarães; S.S. Lucas; N. Simões. 2021. "3D printing in the construction industry - A systematic review of the thermal performance in buildings." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 141, no. : 110794.
A key factor for achieving nearly-zero energy buildings is to reduce their energy demand using highly efficient thermal insulation materials, such as vacuum insulation panels (VIPs). Currently, the high investment cost of VIPs is hindering the technology penetrating the building market. However, their high thermal performance coupled with reduced thicknesses can lead to economic benefits associated with space savings, significantly changing the economic standing of VIPs. This study presents a comprehensive life cycle cost (LCC) analysis of the application of VIPs in external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) in office building façades performed from the landlord perspective. The proposed LCC methodology, based on the EU cost-optimal regulation, allows for comparing the cost-effectiveness of VIPs with conventional insulation materials, taking full account of the additional rental income due to space savings. Energy calculations are performed based on transient heat transfer. The study takes into account varying parameters, such as location, cost of materials, insulation thickness, and rental prices, among others. The results demonstrate that VIPs can be economically viable, in particular in cities where office full-leasing rental prices are high. The range of VIP and rental prices that make their use in buildings cost-effective are identified. For example, it is shown that for rental costs higher than 350 €/(m2.y) VIP can be cost-effective for a current market price of 3000 €/m3, when local climate demands for thermal transmittance bellow 0.19 W/(m2.K). This analysis is useful for VIP manufacturers, project owners and landlords that may be looking for competitive insulation products.
Nuno Simões; Márcio Gonçalves; Catarina Serra; Shahaboddin Resalati. Can vacuum insulation panels be cost-effective when applied in building façades? Building and Environment 2021, 191, 107602 .
AMA StyleNuno Simões, Márcio Gonçalves, Catarina Serra, Shahaboddin Resalati. Can vacuum insulation panels be cost-effective when applied in building façades? Building and Environment. 2021; 191 ():107602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Simões; Márcio Gonçalves; Catarina Serra; Shahaboddin Resalati. 2021. "Can vacuum insulation panels be cost-effective when applied in building façades?" Building and Environment 191, no. : 107602.
Auto-responsive technologies (ARTs) operate in an intrinsic mode undergoing reversible changes in one or more of their properties in direct response to external stimuli variations. The aim of this paper is to identify their potential use for the thermal renovation of opaque facades of buildings in order to reach climate adaptivity. Adaptive facade concept offers a huge potential for thermal renovation, by improving occupants’ comfort, promoting sector decarbonization, and being an opportunity for adapting facades to climate change. A literature review permitted the systematization of thermal renovation adaptive strategies (TRAS) in which ARTs can be useful. The facade reversible changes (outputs) required for each strategy were identified, as well as the possible adaptation mechanisms to obtain them. The technologies responding within the recognized adaptation mechanisms were described and compared, their readiness level identified and their role within the TRAS was assigned. An approach to assess the suitability of each ART regarding TRAS for existing facades was conceived. It uses the criteria of aesthetic change, additional space and demolition needs, localization and area of intervention. The role of each ART within each TRAS, here systematized, will support the definition of the ART's operational range for each application and climate, and will promote the research and development of these technologies for thermal renovation of buildings’ facades.
Rita Andrade Santos; Inês Flores-Colen; Nuno Simões; José D. Silvestre. Auto-responsive technologies for thermal renovation of opaque facades. Energy and Buildings 2020, 217, 109968 .
AMA StyleRita Andrade Santos, Inês Flores-Colen, Nuno Simões, José D. Silvestre. Auto-responsive technologies for thermal renovation of opaque facades. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 217 ():109968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRita Andrade Santos; Inês Flores-Colen; Nuno Simões; José D. Silvestre. 2020. "Auto-responsive technologies for thermal renovation of opaque facades." Energy and Buildings 217, no. : 109968.
Green roofs are increasingly being used to improve the energy balance and stormwater management of buildings. This work examines the thermal behaviour, water drainage and vegetation growth of two green roof systems: a conventional system containing extruded polystyrene and polyethylene, and an alternative cork-based system. In the new system, an eco-friendly expanded cork layer is used to provide thermal resistance and water storage capacity in a more sustainable way, as cork is a natural material. This material can also be used as an uncoated finishing layer for architectural purposes. The main goal of this work was to see if the new system is reliable in real environmental conditions and to compare its behaviour to that of the conventional system for a full year. This work presents the results of a fully functioning prototype built in Portugal with a technical substrate 10 cm thick and planted with a variety of vegetation. The reference and proposed systems were installed side by side and monitored under spring, summer, autumn and winter conditions. The thermal insulation and the water drainage and storage capacity provided by the cork-based green roof were found to be similar to those of the reference solution, with the expanded cork layer showing a more marked temperature delay and a more effective management of rainfall events under dry conditions. Additionally, it was found that the growth and health of plants in the cork-based green roof were comparable to those of the reference solution, indicating the good performance of the cork system.
Nuno Simões; Ricardo Almeida; António Tadeu; Michael Brett; João Almeida. Comparison between cork-based and conventional green roof solutions. Building and Environment 2020, 175, 106812 .
AMA StyleNuno Simões, Ricardo Almeida, António Tadeu, Michael Brett, João Almeida. Comparison between cork-based and conventional green roof solutions. Building and Environment. 2020; 175 ():106812.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Simões; Ricardo Almeida; António Tadeu; Michael Brett; João Almeida. 2020. "Comparison between cork-based and conventional green roof solutions." Building and Environment 175, no. : 106812.
This paper sets out a three-dimensional (3D) boundary element method (BEM) formulation in the frequency domain to simulate heat transfer through a point thermal bridge (PTB) at a corner in a building envelope. The main purpose was to quantify the dynamic effect of a geometrical PTB in terms of distribution of temperatures and heat fluxes, which is useful for evaluating moisture condensation risk. The numerical model is first validated experimentally using a hot box to measure the dynamic heat behavior of a 3D timber building corner. The proposed model is then used to study the dynamic thermal bridging effect in the vicinity of a 3D concrete corner. Given the importance of the risk of condensation, this study looks at the influence of an insulating material and its position on the temperature and heat flux distribution through the PTB under steady state and dynamic conditions.
Nuno Simões; Joana Prata; António Tadeu. 3D Dynamic Simulation of Heat Conduction through a Building Corner Using a BEM Model in the Frequency Domain. Energies 2019, 12, 4595 .
AMA StyleNuno Simões, Joana Prata, António Tadeu. 3D Dynamic Simulation of Heat Conduction through a Building Corner Using a BEM Model in the Frequency Domain. Energies. 2019; 12 (23):4595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Simões; Joana Prata; António Tadeu. 2019. "3D Dynamic Simulation of Heat Conduction through a Building Corner Using a BEM Model in the Frequency Domain." Energies 12, no. 23: 4595.
The worldwide demand for energy efficiency calls for improvements in the thermal performance of buildings. As a result, there is a growing interest in the use of high-performance insulation materials such as vacuum insulation panels (VIPs). Due to their low thermal conductivity, high insulation levels can be achieved with thinner walls than is possible with conventional thermal insulation materials. An interesting solution might be to combine a vacuum insulation panel with the well-known external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). However, in terms of practical application and long-term performance, this solution needs to be looked into further. This paper aims to review the challenges posed when using VIPs in the external insulation of buildings. First, the main advantages and anomalies of ETICS are identified, after which the available VIPs solutions intended for external insulation are explored. Some case studies are presented and the main conclusions that may be drawn from these are highlighted. The difficulties of incorporating VIP products into ETICS are addressed. These include adapting/introducing covering layers to allow flatness and facilitate the handling of the products, defining and assessing a suitable fixation system, and ensuring the connection between construction elements. The main concerns regarding the ETICS with a VIPs solution are also discussed, such as edge thermal bridging, service life performance and installation, and the economic viability of the solution. Finally, we propose guidelines for performing a good evaluation of ETICS solutions that use VIPs.
Márcio Gonçalves; Nuno Simões; Catarina Serra; Inês Flores-Colen. A review of the challenges posed by the use of vacuum panels in external insulation finishing systems. Applied Energy 2019, 257, 114028 .
AMA StyleMárcio Gonçalves, Nuno Simões, Catarina Serra, Inês Flores-Colen. A review of the challenges posed by the use of vacuum panels in external insulation finishing systems. Applied Energy. 2019; 257 ():114028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMárcio Gonçalves; Nuno Simões; Catarina Serra; Inês Flores-Colen. 2019. "A review of the challenges posed by the use of vacuum panels in external insulation finishing systems." Applied Energy 257, no. : 114028.
Inês Simões; Nuno Simões; Inês Santos; Michael Brett; Sérgio Fernando Tadeu; Hélder Silva. ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FAÇADE. Energy and Sustainability VIII 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleInês Simões, Nuno Simões, Inês Santos, Michael Brett, Sérgio Fernando Tadeu, Hélder Silva. ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FAÇADE. Energy and Sustainability VIII. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInês Simões; Nuno Simões; Inês Santos; Michael Brett; Sérgio Fernando Tadeu; Hélder Silva. 2019. "ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FAÇADE." Energy and Sustainability VIII , no. : 1.
The European Union has proposed a common methodology to identify energy-efficient measures with the minimum global cost throughout the lifecycle. It is known that the energy impact of a specific measure is influenced by other measures in the same package, which affect its profitability. For this reason, the cost-optimal package cannot be a simple combination of individual cost-optimal retrofitting measures. Thus, to define a cost optimal solution, the energy performance and the global cost of a large number of packages need to be calculated and analysed. To overcome the expensive computational effort of this type of study, this work proposes an expeditious procedure for selecting the optimal energy source for heating and domestic hot water (DHW) service generation as a function of the following variables: energy needs and costs, initial investment, primary energy conversion factors and efficiency of energy systems. The method was applied to a reference dwelling in the Portuguese building stock. With the expeditious cost optimality approach, once an energy system configuration has been determined, an estimation of the cost-optimal package can be established as the sum of the most profitable options for each element.
Sérgio Tadeu; Márcio Gonçalves; Nuno Simões; Guillermo Costas; António Tadeu. Procedure to select combined heating and hot water systems: An expeditious cost optimality approach. Journal of Building Engineering 2019, 25, 100838 .
AMA StyleSérgio Tadeu, Márcio Gonçalves, Nuno Simões, Guillermo Costas, António Tadeu. Procedure to select combined heating and hot water systems: An expeditious cost optimality approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2019; 25 ():100838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSérgio Tadeu; Márcio Gonçalves; Nuno Simões; Guillermo Costas; António Tadeu. 2019. "Procedure to select combined heating and hot water systems: An expeditious cost optimality approach." Journal of Building Engineering 25, no. : 100838.
Green roof technology is increasingly being used to improve the energy and environmental performance of buildings. However, the description of the thermal behaviour of green roofs is very complex since it depends on several variables and relies on intricate phenomena. In this work the authors characterize a green roof system that replaces the conventional drainage and water storage polyethylene membranes with insulation cork boards (ICB). To enable the experimental characterization of this system, a double walk-in bioclimatic chamber was designed and built to recreate indoor and outdoor environmental conditions. Winter and summer environments with steady and unsteady conditions in both dry and wet states were simulated. Thermocouples and heat flux sensors were used to collect data over time from the different layers of the green roof prototypes. Measurements were first performed on a concrete slab insulated with ICB to assess the contribution of the latter to the thermal performance of the system. The effect on the heat transfer was further evaluated for systems of increasing complexity, containing first a substrate layer and then vegetation. It was noted that the substrate and vegetation layers improved the thermal insulation, and reduced heat fluxes and the thermal amplitude within the system. The vegetation layer was found to be of key importance to the overall performance of the green roof. It was also found that ICB and the substrate layers lose part of their insulation capacity when the system was wetted, although it was fully restored in the ICB layer within a few hours.
Ricardo Almeida; Nuno Simões; António Tadeu; Paulo Palha; João Almeida. Thermal behaviour of a green roof containing insulation cork board. An experimental characterization using a bioclimatic chamber. Building and Environment 2019, 160, 106179 .
AMA StyleRicardo Almeida, Nuno Simões, António Tadeu, Paulo Palha, João Almeida. Thermal behaviour of a green roof containing insulation cork board. An experimental characterization using a bioclimatic chamber. Building and Environment. 2019; 160 ():106179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Almeida; Nuno Simões; António Tadeu; Paulo Palha; João Almeida. 2019. "Thermal behaviour of a green roof containing insulation cork board. An experimental characterization using a bioclimatic chamber." Building and Environment 160, no. : 106179.
This paper evaluates experimentally the water drainage and water storage capacity of insulation cork board (ICB), a natural material, applied as one layer of a green roof system. The apparatus that was designed and built to support and water the test specimens is described. The study examines ICB samples of different thicknesses and densities. The results were compared with those provided by a polyolefin material widely used in these solutions. The full system was tested with and without the substrate typically used in green roof systems. It was found that both the thickness and density of the cork board affect its drainage and storage performance. However, the results indicate that a change in density has a greater effect on drainage capacity. It was found that when the tested specimens included a substrate layer, the peak water flow decreased and the water retention increased. During the course of the study it was also found necessary to redesign the geometry of the ICB to cope with extreme wetting conditions in a complete green roof system. This adjustment meant that when the lower density ICB was used as a drainage layer of a green roof system it outperformed the systems built with the reference product.
António Tadeu; Nuno Simões; Ricardo Almeida; Carlos Manuel. Drainage and water storage capacity of insulation cork board applied as a layer on green roofs. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 209, 52 -65.
AMA StyleAntónio Tadeu, Nuno Simões, Ricardo Almeida, Carlos Manuel. Drainage and water storage capacity of insulation cork board applied as a layer on green roofs. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 209 ():52-65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Tadeu; Nuno Simões; Ricardo Almeida; Carlos Manuel. 2019. "Drainage and water storage capacity of insulation cork board applied as a layer on green roofs." Construction and Building Materials 209, no. : 52-65.
The use of more efficient and greener insulation products is a strategy that is being followed to achieve more sustainable energy efficient buildings. Given these concerns, expanded cork boards, which are 100% natural and recyclable, are being used more often as the only coating for building façades, without any additional protection. In this context, this work evaluates the performance of standard (90–110 kg/m3) and medium (140–160 kg/m3) density expanded cork boards to be applied as an uncoated solution for building façades and roofs. As the building envelope is exposed to external conditions (wind pressure, rain, temperature and moisture gradients, sunlight and mechanical loads), a wide range of laboratory tests were performed to evaluate their mechanical, hygrothermal and durability characteristics. It was found that the medium density cork board is more suitable for the uncoated external insulation of building façades and roofs, since it has a better mechanical performance, without compromising its hygrothermal behaviour. It was found that it is also resistant to long-term exposure to external conditions.
Nuno Simões; Rosário Fino; António Tadeu. Uncoated medium density expanded cork boards for building façades and roofs: Mechanical, hygrothermal and durability characterization. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 200, 447 -464.
AMA StyleNuno Simões, Rosário Fino, António Tadeu. Uncoated medium density expanded cork boards for building façades and roofs: Mechanical, hygrothermal and durability characterization. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 200 ():447-464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Simões; Rosário Fino; António Tadeu. 2018. "Uncoated medium density expanded cork boards for building façades and roofs: Mechanical, hygrothermal and durability characterization." Construction and Building Materials 200, no. : 447-464.
This paper evaluates the influence of the solar heat flux, temperature, and relative humidity on OSB and concrete walls covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork. A boundary element numerical model was used to simulate the coupled heat and moisture transfer through the multi-layer porous solid walls. The expanded cork hygrothermal properties were determined experimentally. After experimental validation of a building solution using a hotbox, numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of the abrupt change in relative humidity and temperature. It was concluded that the relative humidity variation is only relevant when there are significant weather changes during the course of the year. Thus, the summer and winter conditions of Bragança (Portugal) and Seville (Spain) were selected to illustrate the hygrothermal behaviour of the walls. Different thicknesses of expanded cork were simulated. The results show that the impact of the short-term environment moisture variation is limited to the outer surface layers. It was also found that the moisture along the medium density expanded cork coated wall is only high when the outer moisture is high and remains high for a long period of time.
A. Tadeu; L. Škerget; N. Simões; Rosário Fino. Simulation of heat and moisture flow through walls covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork. Building and Environment 2018, 142, 195 -210.
AMA StyleA. Tadeu, L. Škerget, N. Simões, Rosário Fino. Simulation of heat and moisture flow through walls covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork. Building and Environment. 2018; 142 ():195-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Tadeu; L. Škerget; N. Simões; Rosário Fino. 2018. "Simulation of heat and moisture flow through walls covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork." Building and Environment 142, no. : 195-210.
A building materials’ properties have a great influence on its energy performance, and this is particularly true of the hygrothermal properties of the insulation material. The variation in moisture content generated by weather conditions can have a strong impact on heat transport. The phenomena involved are very complex and difficult to fully simulate numerically, particularly when the moisture variation occurs under exposure to rain. In the case of the medium density expanded cork agglomerate that is increasingly used without any coating as an external thermal insulation layer of buildings, these phenomena can be particularly relevant. Thus, this paper evaluates the importance of varying moisture content on the thermal behavior of a wall covered with uncoated medium density cork agglomerate when exposed to rain. A simple analytical model that simulates the heat transfer phenomenon was used to quantify its importance by comparing the mathematical results with those obtained experimentally. Steady and unsteady state conditions were simulated. For comparison purposes, it winter and summer environmental conditions for both dry and wet weather. The results show that the thermal behavior of the wall is only affected in the rainy period, until the first few hours when the expanded cork board starts to dry. When rain is simulated, the temperature of the water has a key effect on the wall's behavior. The moisture transport phenomenon and changes in the hygrothermal material properties are almost entirely confined to the upper layers of expanded cork board and to the rainy period.
Rosário Fino; Antonio Tadeu; Nuno Simões. Influence of a period of wet weather on the heat transfer across a wall covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork. Energy and Buildings 2018, 165, 118 -131.
AMA StyleRosário Fino, Antonio Tadeu, Nuno Simões. Influence of a period of wet weather on the heat transfer across a wall covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 165 ():118-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosário Fino; Antonio Tadeu; Nuno Simões. 2018. "Influence of a period of wet weather on the heat transfer across a wall covered with uncoated medium density expanded cork." Energy and Buildings 165, no. : 118-131.
Improvement of the energy efficiency of residential buildings must ensure compliance with cost optimality criteria, assuming a specific lifespan of the building. At the same time, the energy retrofit of buildings ought to preserve their intrinsic architectural and heritage value. Portuguese residential buildings constructed before 1960 did not follow any energy efficiency rules. They represent 29% of the housing stock in the country and there is a high potential for increasing their energy efficiency. However, it costs more to implement envelope energy efficiency measures through retrofitting works than to provide for them in new buildings. An evaluation based on cost optimality criteria should therefore be performed. This work evaluates the energy performance of a Portuguese reference building typical of the pre-1960 building stock for different thicknesses of thermal insulation retrofit solutions (roof, facade, and ground floor) and systems. The study describes a sensitivity analysis that took a range of climate data, intervention costs, energy prices, discount rates, and energy needs into account. An energy needs factor dealt with the occupants’ habits and the effective reduction of energy consumption compared with the estimated energy needs.
Sérgio Tadeu; António Tadeu; Nuno Simões; Márcio Gonçalves; Racine Prado. A sensitivity analysis of a cost optimality study on the energy retrofit of a single-family reference building in Portugal. Energy Efficiency 2018, 11, 1411 -1432.
AMA StyleSérgio Tadeu, António Tadeu, Nuno Simões, Márcio Gonçalves, Racine Prado. A sensitivity analysis of a cost optimality study on the energy retrofit of a single-family reference building in Portugal. Energy Efficiency. 2018; 11 (6):1411-1432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSérgio Tadeu; António Tadeu; Nuno Simões; Márcio Gonçalves; Racine Prado. 2018. "A sensitivity analysis of a cost optimality study on the energy retrofit of a single-family reference building in Portugal." Energy Efficiency 11, no. 6: 1411-1432.
This paper presents the development of a novel sustainable green roof for car parks with an integrated solar tracking photovoltaic system. The emphasis in this work is placed on the study of the interaction between the photovoltaic panels, solar tracker, and green roof systems. A solar tracker design is developed based on multiple criteria such as maximum energy yield, optical interaction with the green roof, and aesthetical and structural integration. The results show that the proposed solar tracker system design leads to partial shade conditions for the plants located along the green roof. Based on this analysis, suitable species of plants are selected and their development results presented. The results show good integration between the solar photovoltaic tracker system and the growth of the plant species in the green roof, while maintaining an energy performance close to the theoretical maximum allowed by the tracking system.
R. Silva; Catarina Serra; M. Brett; M. Kanoun-Boule; Nuno Simões; Antonio Tadeu; S. Matos; N. Miranda. Conception and design of a sustainable green roof for car parks with integrated solar tracking photovoltaic system. 2018 9th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC) 2018, 1 -4.
AMA StyleR. Silva, Catarina Serra, M. Brett, M. Kanoun-Boule, Nuno Simões, Antonio Tadeu, S. Matos, N. Miranda. Conception and design of a sustainable green roof for car parks with integrated solar tracking photovoltaic system. 2018 9th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). 2018; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Silva; Catarina Serra; M. Brett; M. Kanoun-Boule; Nuno Simões; Antonio Tadeu; S. Matos; N. Miranda. 2018. "Conception and design of a sustainable green roof for car parks with integrated solar tracking photovoltaic system." 2018 9th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC) , no. : 1-4.
Joana Prata; Nuno Simões; António Tadeu. Heat transfer measurements of a linear thermal bridge in a wooden building corner. Energy and Buildings 2018, 158, 194 -208.
AMA StyleJoana Prata, Nuno Simões, António Tadeu. Heat transfer measurements of a linear thermal bridge in a wooden building corner. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 158 ():194-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Prata; Nuno Simões; António Tadeu. 2018. "Heat transfer measurements of a linear thermal bridge in a wooden building corner." Energy and Buildings 158, no. : 194-208.